Hamro Purushartha 82

à jif{ M $^ à c° M # à ;Dk"0ff{° M *@ à j}zfv–c;f/, @)&^
;Dkfbs
zlz kGyL
;x–;Dkfbs
bLg kGyL
;xfos ;Dkfbs
e'jgk|;fb cof{n
;xof]uL d08n
uf]kfn kGyL
/fwf kGyL
lxdsnf /fgf
O{Zj/ lj=s=
ls/0f k':tsfno
tD3f;, u'NdL -kmf]g M )&(–%@)@*&_
;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M )&(–%@)@^), %@)$*#_
df]]=g+= M (*%!!$**)&, (&$&))@)&(
E-mail : hamropurushartha@gmail.com, shashipanthi9@gmail.com
Website : www.kiranpustakalaya.com
sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë M O{Zj/ lj=s= / ljzfn >]i7

d'b|s M ;'lznf lk|06;{, u'NdL )&(–%@)$%)
E-mail : spgulmi 33@yahoo.com
cfj/0f k[i7 M cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{

xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@ i
uf]kfn kGyL
8f= b'uf{k|;fb cof{n kmf]g g+= 9857033338
kmf]g g+= 01-4820597 /m/m zdf{
8f= nIdLsfGt kGyL kmf]g g+= 9847093011
kmf]g g+= 01-4820221
sljtf kGyL
uf]ljGbk|;fb kf]v/]n kmf]g g+= 9847033924
kmf]g g+= 9841849666
dfwj uf}td
efg'eQm d/fl;gL kmf]g g+= 9851013281
kmf]g g+= 9841713336
w'|j/fh kGyL
kmf]g g+= 014278651
k"0f{k|;fb clwsf/L
s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L‘d'd'If'’ kmf]g g+= 056-528160
kmf]g g+= 9856032477
ch'{gk|;fb e§/fO{
kmf]g g+= 9868630461
sdn vqL
kmf]g g+= 984730908
zª\s/ 1jfnL
kmf]g g+= 9856031444
8f= uf]kfnk|;fb zdf{ z+s/k|;fb zf:qL

s]= @@÷!* k~ruËf3f6 u9L s]G6, 3'Rr'kfgL /f]8, cgf/jfnf
jf/f0f;L, pQ/k|b]z, ef/t b]x/fb"g, pQ/fv08, ef/t
kmf]g g+= 00918005311072 kmf]g g+= 00919997207484
dx]Gb|s'df/ nD;fn lji0f' zdf{

n]gsf:6/ :6«L6–@@ kL= 8An"= 8L= sf]nf]gL
l;8\gL, c:6«]lnof l8km", saL{, P·nf]Ë, cf;fd, ef/t
kmf]g g+= 061412001769 kmf]g g+= 00913671273185
xl/gf/fo0f ;fksf]6f
&!(–;]d]sf Pe]Go", ! cf/, l/ha'8, SjLG;, lhKsf]8–!!#*%, Go"of]s{, cd]l/sf
kmf]g g+= 1-347-510-2771
ii xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@
/fi6«, efiff / ;flxTo
à /fi6«sf] e"uf]n x'G5, df6f] x'G5 . df6f]df xfdL pleG5f}+,
lx8\5f}+, ToxL+ 5l/G5f}+ . xfd|f k'vf{x? 5l/Psf 5g\ o;
df6f]df . To;}n] t lk|o 5 xfdLnfO{ of] df6f] . cu|hx?
o;nfO{ 9'Ëf eGy] . of] /fi6«sf] z/L/ xf] . dft[e"ldsf] d'xf/
xf] of] . c·k|ToË x'g\ oL /fi6«sf lxdfnx?, kxf8x?,
d}bfgx? .
à efiff jf0fL xf] /fi6«sf] . efiffdf, jfª\dodf plgPsf 5g\ xfd|f
uf}/jufyfx? . efiff xfd|f] sfg xf], lhe|f] xf], cfFvf xf] .
efiffn] hf]8\5 xfdLnfO{ cg]stfaLr Pstfdf . xfdL
ax'efiffefifL 5f}+ . ;a} efiff ;DklQ x'g\ xfd|f . ;a} efiff
;Eotf / ;+:s[lt af]s]/ plePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL efiff ;DaGw–
;]t' xf] xfd|f] . of] ;du| g]kfnsf] klxrfg xf] .
à ;flxTo dg xf], dl:tis xf] – /fi6«sf] . /fi6«sf efjgf /
ljrf/x? k|ltlalDat x'G5g\ ;flxTodf . ;flxTodf /fi6«sf]
9's\9'sL aH5 . ;flxTodf /fi6«sf] dfgjhLjg nx/fpF5 .
Pp6f lghL{j e"uf]n efiffn], ;+:s[ltn], Oltxf;n], ;Eotfn]
hLjGt aGb5 .
à e"uf]nn], efiffn], ;+:s[ltn], ;Eotfn], Oltxf;n] g]kfn
hf]8]sf] 5 . xfdL g]kfnL ePsf 5f}+ . g]kfn / g]kfnL xfd|f]
klxrfg ag]sf] 5 . v08v08df ljeflht xfd|f dgx?
g]kfnL /fli6«o Pstfsf] ;"qdf plgP/ Psfsf/ ag"g\ .
à k[YjLgf/fo0fn] PsLs/0f u/]sf] o; /fi6«sf] z/L/df efg'eQmn]
k|f0f e/], dg e/] . /fi6«nfO{ efiffn], ;flxTon] PsLs/0f ug]{
efg'eQm wGo 5g\ . ltg} cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{k|lt s[t1
x'Fb} pgsf] @)^ cf}+ hGdhoGtLdf xflb{s >4f~hln . .
–)))–
xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@ iii

s'6'/f] km'sfp“bf
slt < s] < s;sf] sxfF <
!= cfhsf] xfd|f] d'Vo cfjZostf É df]xgljqmd l;+x !
@= ;Q/L ljdz{ 8f= t'n;L e§/fO{ !*
#= sfJodflnsf k9]kl5 bLg kGyL @*
$= lhGbuL ljgf]b g]kfn #$
%= afns[i0f ;dsf] …d's'Gb OlGb/fÚ É 8f= z+s/k|;fb u}/] #%
^= sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:q / dfS;{sf] k“"hL 8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL $*
&= lzIfs ;kgf lzjz/0f 1jfnL %^
*= dxfef/tsfnLg gf/L lzIffsf] É dg ulx/] %&
(= of}g lzIff k/Dk/f pQ/s'df/ k/fh'nL ^@
!)= An'd juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df g]kfnL É dLgf kf}8]n &@
!!= ho xg'dfg\ Û kGyL /fdk|;fb &*
!@= /];'Ëf x]b}{ d?F zf/bf kGyL vgfn *!
:yfoL :tDex? M
!= ;DkfbsLo ;Dkfbs iii
@= e]63f6 8f= b'uf{k|;fb cof{n !
#= k':tsfno kl/ro s]zaxfb'/ vftL *#
$= ls/0f k':tsfnosf] kftf] ;lrj *%
%= gf}nf] ;[li6 M ;fgf] b[li6 cls~rg *&
^= otfptfaf6 Clif cfhfb÷b}lgs kq (!
&= kf7s–k|ltlqmof w'|j/fh kGyL (%
*= xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf cfhLjg÷:yfoL u|fxsx? ((
)))
iv xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@
e]63f6–*#
cfhsf] xfd|f] d'Vo cfjZostf

ljBdfg ;dfh Joj:yf kl/jt{g xf] .
 df]xgljqmd l;+x
-g]kfnL sfFu|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] @))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf Ko"7fg /

;Nofgsf /f0fflj/f]wL ;+3if{df ;fd]n eO{ /fhgLlts hLjg k|f/De u/]sf
df]xgljqmd l;+x @)!) ;fnb]lv cBko{Gt g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ;+nUg
/xL xfn g]skf -d;fn_ sf] dxfdGqL, cfO{=;L=cf]=cf/=sf] cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . k~rfotL sfndf k6s k6s u/L !! jif{ hlt
h]n hLjg latfPsf l;+xn] @)@& ;fndf h]naf6 lg:s]kl5 @)$^ ;fn;Dd
e"ldut hLjg latfpg'eof] . To;kl5 jt{dfg ;do;Dd pxfF cw{e"ldut
cj:yfdf x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kf6L{sf k|jQmf ;fj{hlgs x'G5g\ .
pxfFsf kb, gfd / ljrf/x? klg ;fj{hlgs x'G5g\ . ;fj{hlgs
sfo{qmdx?df pxfF hfg] ug'{x'Gg . o;}nfO{ pxfF cw{e"ldut cj:yf eGg
/mrfpg'x'G5 . !% jif{sf] pd]/b]lv k|f/Dedf g]kfnL sfFu|]; / kl5 g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;b:o eO{ ;f] kf6L{sf] Pp6f xfFuf -d;fn_ sf] pxfFn]
cfh klg g]t[Tj ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgsf *% j;Gtdf kfOnf
/fVg'ePsf l;+xn] sl/a &) jif{ t /fhgLltd} latfpg'ePsf] 5 . s'g}
nfesf] kbdf g/xL olt w]/} jif{ /fhgLltdf lqmofzLn l;+xn] cfkm\gf]
l;4fGt / cf:yfcg';f/ nuftf/ sfd ug{ ;Sg' b'Mv / si6 xf]Og a?
;'v, cfgGb / ;Gtf]if xf] eGg] ljrf/ k|s6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
lj=;+= !((@ ;fn j}zfv # ut] sf7df8f}+sf] d?6f]ndf hGd]sf l;+xn]
cy{zf:q ljifodf Pd=P= ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf lktfsf] gfd lvdljqmd /
dftfsf] gfd tf/fs'df/L xf] . lj=;+= @))$ ;fndf k/f]ksf/ cf}ifwfnodf
:jo+;]js eO{ ;fdflhs ;]jfdf ;+nUg x'g yfn]sf l;+xn] @))( ;fnb]lv
Ko"7fgdf ljleGg ;fdflhs sfdx? ug'{ePsf] lyof] . l;+x /fhgLlt1 dfq}
xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@ 1
geP/ n]vs tyf ;flxTosf/ klg x'g'x'G5 . …Ko"7fgsf] ls;fg ;d:of /
ls;fg ;+3if{Ú eGg] pxfFsf] klxnf] /rgf xf] . uf]/vfkq, cfFvf, g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf] d'vkq …g]kfn k'sf/Ú df klg pxfFsf sltko /rgfx? k|sflzt
ePsf lyP . pxfFsf zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng jf ;z:q ;+3if{, /fhg}lts
cfnf]rgf, g]kfn–ef/t Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg ;d:of, ljrf/–ljj]rgf /
ljZn]if0f, qmflGt jf e|flGt, rf/ bzs -b'O{ v08df_, !@ dO{ -gf6s_, pu|
jfdkGyL ljrf/wf/fsf] v08g, ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;,
g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf -/fli6«otf;DaGwL n]vx?sf] ;+u|x_, o'ug[To -v08sfJo /
sljtfx?_, l/d / dfcf]jfbLx?sf] slyt hgo'4, kf6L{sf] k'gu{7gsf]
;d:of, kf6L{Snf;sf gf]6x?, ;flxTo / ;dfnf]rgf, b'O{ Psf°L, b'O{ gf6s
b'O{ Psf°L, cf]zf] wfld{s ;d'bfo / ;dfhdf To;sf] e"ldsf / ;+3Lotfsf
lj?4 eGg] s[ltx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . cª\u|]hL efiffdf Two line
struggle Within RIM eGg] s[lt k|sflzt 5 . ofqf / hËnx?sf]
e|d0fdf klg /mlr /fVg] l;+x;Fu …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú sf sf7df8f}+ k|ltlglw k|f=8f=
b'uf{k|;fb cof{nn] e]63f6 u/L lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{ oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
–;Dkfbs_
!=oxf―sf] s'g ;do / pd]/ cj:yfb]lv s] s:tf] kl/l:ylt / k|efjaf6
/fhgLltsf] yfngL ug'{eof] < pNn]v ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
à d!% jif{sf] pd]/df @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf ;fd]n ePsf] lyPF .
To;a]nfsf] b]zsf] /fhgLlts jftfj/0f / lktfhL lvdljqmdsf] To;df
;+nUgtfsf sf/0fn] d g]kfnL sf+u|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;fd]n
ePsf] lyP― . To; l;nl;nfdf d Ko"7fg / ;Nofgsf /f0fflj/f]wL
;+3if{df ;fd]n ePsf] lyPF . ToxL d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] k|f/De
lyof] .
@= oxf―sf] /fhgLlts sfo{ / cleofgsf] k|f/De s'g jfb jf l;4fGt of
JolQmsf] k|efjaf6 eof] <
à /fhgLlts hLjgsf] k|f/De g]kfnL sfFu|];af6 ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f d}n]
k|Zg g+= ! sf] hjfkmdf :ki6 ul/;s]sf] 5' . @)!) ;fndf d g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ;fd]n ePF . atfO/xg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g ls
dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL l;4fGtsf] k|efjdf k/]/ g} d sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df
;fd]n ePsf] lyPF . d}n] dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL ;flxTosf] cWoog
u/]kl5 g} To;åf/f k|efljt eP/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ;fd]n ePsf] lyP― .
s'g} JolQmsf] k|efjdf k/]/ xf]Og . lgZro g}, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
;b:otfsf] nflu d}n] b/vf:t Tof] a]nfsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o sdn/fh /]UdLnfO{ lbPsf] lyP― .
2 xfd|f] k'/miffy{–*@
#= oxf―sf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo s] xf] / oxf― cfkm"n] To;sf] k|flKt jf
pknlAw s] slt ePsf] cg'ej ug'{ePsf] 5 <
à Pp6f sDo'lgi6sf] clGtd /fhgLlts p2]Zo ;fDojfb g} x'G5 / To;
cg';f/ d]/f] p2]Zo klg ToxL xf] . t/ Tof] Pp6f bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmd
xf] / To;nfO{ k|fKt ug{sf nflu qmflGt jf cfGbf]ngsf s}of}+
r/0fx?af6 hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf x'G5 . ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb xfd|f
bL3{sflng p2]Zox? x'g\ / gof― hgjfb clxn]sf] cfwf/e"t jf Go"gtd
sfo{qmd xf] . t/ Tof] p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf] nflu klg s'g} vf; a]nfsf]
tfTsflns /fhgLlts l:yltcg';f/ s}of}+ sfo{gLltx? ckgfpg'kg]{
cfjZostf x'G5 . To;cg';f/ kf6L{sf] :yfkgfb]lv clxn];Dd xfdLn]
s}of}+ sfo{gLltx? cfkgfp―b} cfPsf 5f}+ . kf6L{n] ckgfPsf s}of}+
sfo{gLlt jf To; cGtu{tsf s}of}+ dfux? ;kmn klg x'―b} cfPsf
5g\ . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;dfhsf s}of}+ If]qx?df, h:t}
ls /fhgLlts Joj:yf, e"ld Joj:yf, ;+:s[lt jf ljleGg hg;d"xx?,
dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, hghflt, blnt cflbsf hLjgdf s}of}+ ;'wf/
jf kl/jt{gx? klg x'―b} cfPsf 5g\ . lgZro g} cfGbf]ngsf ljleGg
r/0fx?df xfdLn] cGo s}of}+ kIfx?l;t ldn]/ klg ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf
5f}+ . To;}n] clxn];Dd ePsf ;a} /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts ;'wf/ jf kl/jt{gx? vfln xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?
dfq geP/ To; k|sf/sf ;+o'Qm k|of;x?sf klg kl/0ffdx? x'g\ .
To;/L x]bf{ clxn];Ddsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf cfGbf]ngx?sf s}of}+
dxÎjk"0f{ pknlAwx? ePsf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /x―b}g . t/ clxn];Dd
xfdLn] h]hlt ;kmntfx? k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ tL cToGt sd 5g\ / cem}
xfdLn] nfdf] / sl7g ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ 5 . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng eg]sf]
s}of}+ k':tfx?;Dd lg/Gt/ rNg] ;+3if{ xf] .
$= dfS;{jfbL ;flxToeGbf :jtGq ;flxTo / ;flxTosf] k/Dk/fnfO{ oxf―n]
s;/L lng'x'G5 <
à ;dfhdf s}of}+ ju{x? jf tL ju{x?nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ a]Unfa]Un}
/fhgLlts wf/x? x'G5g\ . To;cg';f/ ;flxTosf klg a]Unfa]Un}
wf/x? x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf rNg] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs jf juL{o
;+3if{eGbf aflx/ s'g} ;flxTo :jtGq jf lg/k]If x'―b}g . ;dfhsf]
agfj6 jf To;df b]vfkg]{ lrGtgsf] :j?kcg';f/ g} ;flxTosf]
:j?ksf] klg lgwf{/0f x'G5 . JolQmut ?kdf sltko JolQmx?n]
:jtGq ?kn] cfkm\gf] ;flxTosf] l;h{gf u/]sf x'g ;Sb5g\ . t/ d"n
?kdf Tof] ;dfhdf rNg] åGå jf cGt;{+3if{eGbf aflx/ x'―b}g . Tof]
åGå jf cGt/;+3if{df klg a]Unfa]Un} b]z jf sfnsf] 5fk x'G5 . csf{
zAbdf ;dfhsf] c;/af6 s'g} ;flxTo :jtGq x'―b}g . hxf―ts
dfS;{jfbL ;flxTosf] k|Zg 5, To;sf] lgdf{0f klg ;dfhsf] ToxL
k|sf/sf] k[i7e"lddf x'G5 / Tof] :jtGq x'―b}g . To;sf] d"n p2]Zo
;dfhdf ljBdfg zf]if0f k|wfg cj:yfsf] cGt / cfd"n kl/jt{g g}
x'G5 . o; cy{df ;dfhsf cGo s}of}+ wf/fx?eGbf Tof] :jtGq /
qmflGtsf/L klg x'G5 .
%=oxf―sf] ;flxTok|lt s] s:tf] b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] 5 / oxf―n] slxn]b]lv
;flxTodf cu|;/ x'g'eO{ ;flxTosf syf, lgaGw, gf6s, sljtf, n]v–
/rgf / ;dfnf]rgfdWo] s'g ljwfdf cle/mlr /fv]/ lqmofzLn x'g'ePsf]
xf] <
à dfly k|Zg g+= $ sf] hjfkmdf d}n] d"n ?kdf of] s'/f k|i6 u/]sf] 5' .
;flxTodf d]/f] ;f]rfO klg ToxL b[li6sf]0fåf/f k|]l/t 5 . ;fdfGotM
d}n] lgaGw, sljtf, ;dfnf]rgf, gf6s, syf tyf pkGof;sf If]qx?df
/mlr /fVb5' / tL ljifox?df s]xL n]Vg] klg k|oTg ub}{ cfPsf] 5' .
oBlk syf / pkGof;sf] If]qdf d]/f s'g} s[ltx? k|sflzt ePsf
5}gg\ eg] klg x'G5 . d}n] syf jf pkGof;x? @)!@ ;fnb]lv g}
n]Vb} cfPsf] 5' . d}n] n]v]sf syf / pkGof;x? ;a} ljleGg sf/0fn]
x/fp―b} cfPsf] x'gfn] s'g} k|sflzt x'g ;s]gg\ . oBlk @)!@ ;fndf
n]lvPsf] Pp6f dfq pknAw syf …Tof]Ú k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . t/ cfzf
ub{5', lgs6 eljiodf Tof] ljifodf klg d]/f s]xL s[ltx? k|sflzt
x'g]5g\ . d ut sl/a !% jif{b]lv Pp6f pkGof;, …sf= hnhnfÚ,
n]Vg] sfddf nfu]sf] 5' . t/ kf6L{ sfdsf] Jo:ttfn] d}n] To;nfO{ k"/f
ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fob Ps cfwf jif{df Tof] s[lt k|sflzt x'g]5 .
^= oxf―nfO{ ;flxlTos k|]/0ff sxf―af6 k|fKt eof] / oxf―sf] ;flxTo n]vg
tyf cWoog ljZn]if0fsf] k|lta4tf dfS;{jfbL dfGotf / ljlw ljwfgdf
g} s]lGb|t 5 ls c? u}/dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0faf6 klg k|efljt x'g'x'G5<
à ;flxTok|lt dnfO{ ;j{k|yd k|]/0ff wd{/fh yfkfaf6 g} k|fKt ePsf] xf] .
@))# ;fndf Pp6f :s"ndf tLg sIffdf k9\bf pxf― d]/f] lzIfs
x'g'x'GYof] . pxf―l;tsf] ;+utn] g} d]/f] ;flxTok|ltsf] /mlr a9\b} uof] .
d]/f] ;flxTo /fhgLltk|ltsf] d]/f] k|lta4tf jf ;+3if{åf/f g} k|efljt 5
eGg ;lsG5 . t/ To;sf] cy{ ;flxTosf cGo ljrf/ jf /rgfx?af6
klg d k|efljt ePsf] 5}g eGg] xf]Og . oL ;a} s'/fx? k/:k/df
;DalGwt x'G5g\ . Tof] s'/f d]/f] ;flxTok|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f jf /rgfaf/]
klg ;To xf] .
&=;+If]kdf oxf―sf ;flxlTos / /fhgLlts k|d'v s[ltx? s] slt 5g\ /
ltgsf] p2]Zo s] xf] <
à o;af/] kl/rodf d}n] a]Un} ;"rL lbPsf] 5' . hxf―ts ltgLx?sf]
p2]Zosf] s'/f 5, h:tf] ls d}n] klxn] n]v]+, tL ;a} d]/f /fhgLlts
k|lta4tf jf p2]Zoåf/f lgb]{lzt 5g\ . t/ ;flxTodf /fhgLlt gf+uf]
?kdf cfp―b}g To;sf/0f, d]/f ;flxlTos s[ltx?nfO{ /fhgLlts
;flxTosf] ?kdf dfq a'em\g' x'―b}g . ;flxTo / /fhgLltsf] Ps cfk;df
3lgi6 ;DaGw x'G5 / b'a} Pscsf{åf/f k|efljt x'G5g\ . t}klg
ltgLx?sf] cfkm\gf] a]Unfa]Un} :j?k jf cl:tTj klg x'G5 . ToxL s'/f
d]/f ;flxlTos s[ltx?af/] klg ;To xf] .
*=jfdkGyL g]tfsf gftfn] g]kfnsf jfdkGyL ljrf/sf bn, u'6sf]
ljljwtf, lje]b / cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ s;/L lng'ePsf] 5 <
à of] nfdf], hl6n / lj:t[t ljifo xf] . ;fob Pp6f k|Zgsf] ;+lIfKt
hjfkmdf Tof] s'/fsf] JofVof ug'{ ;Dej x'g]5}g . t}klg ;+lIfKtdf olt
eGg ;lsG5 M sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; klg ;w}+ åGåx?sf
aLraf6 x'―b} cfPsf] 5 . Tof] s'/f cGt/f{li6«o / g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngaf/] klg ;To xf] . To;df s}of}+ wf/0ffx? 5g\ . ltgLx?af/]
a]Unfa]Un} / lj:t[t JofVofsf] cfjZostf x'g]5 . o; ;Gbe{df Pp6f
csf]{ s'/f klg k|i6 x'g cfjZos 5 . ;fdfGotM sDo'lgi6 /
jfdkGyLnfO{ Pscsf{sf] kof{ojfrLsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . ;a}
sDo'lgi6x? jfdkGyL x'G5g\, t/ ;a} jfdkGyLx?nfO{ sDo'lgi6 eGg
ldNb}g . To; k|sf/n] g]kfnsf ;a} jfdkGyLx?nfO{ sDo'lgi6 eGg
;lsGg . ;fob To;sf] nflu a]Un} / nfdf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'g]5 .
(= ca jfdkGyL /fhgLltsf] ;+3if{ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf]
cleofgdf gnfUg] jt{dfg ;Qf / ;/sf/sf] d"nwf/df gcfpg] s'g}
klg jfdkGyL /fhgLlts bnsf] eljio 5}g / jr{:j /x―b}g eGg]
vfnsf] ;Qfl;g zlQmsf] b[li6sf]0fsf ;DaGwdf s]–s:tf] cfkm\gf]
b[li6sf]0f c+ufNg'ePsf] 5 <
à of] ;f]rfO d"ne"t?kn] g} unt xf] . oxf― jfdkGyL eGgfn]
sDo'lgi6nfO{ klg lnPsf] s'/f k|i6 5 . sDo'lgi6 jf jfdkGyL
cfGbf]ng nfdf] ;dob]lv rNb} cfPsf] ;+3if{ xf] / jt{dfg zf]if0f k|wfg
Joj:yfsf] cGt gx'―bf;Dd Tof] nuftf/ rln/xg] 5 / rln/xg' kg]{5 .
xfd|f] p2]Zo ljBdfg Joj:yfdf cfd"n kl/jt{g / qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{g
xf] . t}klg tfTsflns ?kdf xfdLn] ljsf; sfo{x?df klg nuftf/
hf]8 lbg] ub{5f}+ . qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng, ljsf; sfo{x?af6 a]Un}
cnu eP/ cufl8 a9\b5 / a9\g'kb{5 eGg] xf]Og . hxf―;Dd jt{dfg
;Qf / ;/sf/sf] d"nwf/df gcfpg] s'g} klg jfdkGyL /fhgLlts
zlQmsf] eljio 5}g eGg] ;f]rfOsf] k|Zg 5, Tof] cToGt xNsf,
cj:t'jfbL / xf:of:kb ;f]rfO xf] .
!)= cy{zf:qdf pRr lzIff -Pd=P=_ k|fKt ug'{ ePsf]n] oxf―sf] cfly{s
b[li6sf]0f s] s:tf] /x\of] < dfS;{jfbL cy{tGqsf] k"0f{ pkef]u /
kfngf g]kfndf s] slt x'g;Snf <
à Pp6f dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbLsf] x}l;otn] cy{zf:q;DaGwL d]/f] b[li6sf]0f
klg d"n ?kdf dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL g} ePsf] s'/f k|i6 5 . dfS;{jfbL
cy{zf:q Pp6f ljZjJofkL / ;fj{ef}d l;4fGt xf] . To;sf/0f ;+;f/sf
;a} b]zx?df To;sf] k|of]u x'g ;Sg] s'/f k|i6 5 . lgZro g}
a]Unfa]Un} b]zx?sf] ljlzi6 cfly{s l:yltcg';f/ To;sf] k|of]u klg
a]Unfa]Un} k|sf/n] g} x'g] ub{5 . ToxL s'/f g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df klg
;To xf] .
!!= oxf―sf ljrf/df dfS;{jfbdf k|lta4 gePsf u}/sDo'lgi6 bn, kf6L{,
JolQm s] s:tf k|ltlqmofjfbL, ;fdGtL, ju{zq' / 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL
zf]ifs x'g\ <
à ;dfhdf /fhgLlts zlQmx? a]Unfa]Un} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . pgLx?n] s'g
ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . To; cg';f/ g} pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts
rl/q ag]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ xfdLn] tLg
efudf af―8]sf 5f}+ . k|yd, ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kf6L{ . låtLo, b]zeQm /
hgtflGqs jfdkGyL zlQmx? / t[tLo, k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx? . g]skf
-d;fn_ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kf6L{ xf] . t/ o;sf] agfj6 d'Vo ?kdf
lgDgk"―hLklt ju{af6 cfPsf dflg;x?af6 ePsf] x'gfn] o;sf]
;+u7gfTds :j?k d'Vo ?kn] lgDgk"―hLjfbL k|sf/sf] g} 5 . g]skf,
qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL, g]skf ljKnj, dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{, g]skf -dfn]_,
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ cflb lgDg k"―hLjfbL ju{x?sf
/fhgLlts ;+u7gx? x'g\ . To;}n], logLx? b]zeQm, hgtflGqs /
jfdkGyL zlQmx? tyf ldq zlQmx? x'g\ . t/ cfkm\gf] lgDg k"―hLjfbL
rl/qcg';f/ pgLx?df 9'nd'n, cj;/jfbL / ;Demf}tfk/:t k|j[lQx?
klg x'G5g\ . ;fdGt, bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k"―hLklt ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ jf pgLx?sf] bnfnL ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] g]kfnL sfFu|];, /fli6«o
k|hftGq kf6L{, dw]zjfbL bnx? k|ltlqmofjfbL / b'Zdg zlQmx? x'g\ .
t/ a]Unfa]Un} /fhgLlts l:ylt / cfjZostfcg';f/ sltko
tfTsflns sfo{gLlts k|Zgx?df ldq zlQmx?l;t ;+3if{ jf b'Zdg
zlQmx?l;t klg sfo{ut Pstfsf] gLlt ckgfpg ;lsG5 . ldq
zlQmx?l;t ;+3if{sf] gLlt ckgfP klg Tof] Pstf–;+3if{–Pstfsf]
l;4fGtdfly cfwfl/t x'G5 eg] b'Zdg zlQmx?l;tsf] ;+3if{sf] gLlt
;+3if{–Pstf–;+3if{sf] l;4fGtdfly cfwfl/t x'G5 . To;/L
ldqzlQmx?l;t Pstfsf] kIf g} k|wfg x'G5 eg], b'Zdg zlQmx?l;t
;+3if{sf] kIf g} k|wfg x'G5 .
!@= g]kfndf @))& ;fnb]lv k6sk6s qmflGt / ljb|f]x eP . ltgsf]
k[i7e"ld / sfo{e"ldsfdf s'g sfnv08sf] / bnsf]nfO{ dxÎj
lbg'x'G5 < cyjf tL ;a}sf] e"ldsfnfO{ d"NoxLg 7fGg'x'G5 <
à a]Unfa]Un} sfnv08sf cfGbf]ngx?sf cfkm\gf a]Unfa]Un} ljz]iftf jf
sdhf]/L /x]sf 5g\ . @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?,
g]kfnL sfFu|];, /fhf / tTsfnLg ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] u7aGwgdf g}
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . To;sf/0f To;nfO{ xfdLn] qmflGt dfGb}gf}+ .
t}klg To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k /f0ffzf;gsf] cGt eof] / To;/L b]zdf
dxÎjk"0f{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{gx? eP . To;sf] Tof] ;sf/fTds kIf
lyof] . @)$^ jf @)^@–)^# sf cfGbf]ngx? P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ngx? lyP . ltgLx?sf] kl/0ffd:j?k @)$^ ;fndf lg/+s'z
/fhtGq / k~rfotL tfgfzfxL Joj:yf tyf @)^@–^# df ax'bnLo
Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgf, ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj / /fhtGqsf] cGt eP/
u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf h:tf P]ltxfl;s sfo{x? klg eP . t/ tL a'h'{jf
k|sf/sf cfGbf]ngx? g} lyP . To;sf/0f ltgLx?sf] dfWodåf/f b]zdf
cfd"n kl/jt{g x'g ;Sb}gYof] / ePsf] klg 5}g .
!#= tkfO{+sf] kf6L{sf] nIo / k|flKt s] xf] < oxf― h:tf] TofuL, /fi6«jfbL,
OdfGbf/ / ljj]szLn g]tfsf] g]tT[ jdf tkfO{+sf] kf6L{ lsg nf]slk|o /
Jofks x'g ;s]g <
à h:tf] ls klxn] g} xfdLn] :ki6 ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f bL3{sfnLg
p2]Zox? ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb x'g\ eg] clxn]sf] Go"gtd sfo{qmd
gof― hgjfb xf] . lgZro g} tTsfnLg ?kdf xfdLn] a]Unfa]Un} ;dosf]
l:yltcg';f/ cfkm\gf tfTsflns gLlt, sfo{qmd jf gf/fx? lglZrt
ub{5f}+ . s'g} kf6L{sf] zlQm slt Jofks x'g ;Sb5 < Tof] s'/f s'g}
a]nf s'g} kf6L{nfO{ ldNg] hg;dy{gn] g} lglZrt ub{5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf
gLlt jf sfo{qmdx? qmflGtsf/L eP klg To;cg'?k hgtfsf] r]tgf
p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g jf To; k|sf/sf] r]tgf p7fpg xfdLx? c;dy{ x'g]
u/]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;+u7g cfzf u/] hlt zlQmzfnL /
Jofks aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .
!$= oxf―sf] wd{;+:s[ltsf ;DaGwdf s] s:tf] dfGotf 5 <
à xfdLn] wd{dfly ljZjf; ub}{gf}+ . t/ s'g} vf; a]nfsf] hgtfsf]
r]tgfcg';f/ pgLx?n] s'g} wd{dfly ljZjf; ub{5g\ eg] Tof] pgLx?sf]
JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] ljifo xf] . xfdLn] ;fdGtL / k|ltlqmofjfbL
k|sf/sf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ lj/f]w ub{5f}+ / k|ultzLn, hgkIfLo ;+:s[ltsf]
ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5f}+ . t/ ;dfhdf hghLjgl;t hf]l8Psf] k|ultzLn
;+:s[lt klg ljBdfg x'G5 . xfdLn] To;sf] ;+/If0f ;Djw{g /
ljsf;df klg hf]8 lbG5f}+ . t/ ;+:s[ltsf] gfddf ;dfhdf km}lnPsf
s'/Llt, cGwljZjf; jf dlxnf, blnt jf cGo ljleGg hg;d"xx?dfly
cGofo, cTofrf/, pTkL8g ug]{ h:tf ;a} k|rngx?sf] xfdLn] lj/f]w
ub{5f}+ .
!%= cg]s wd{, ;+:sf/, ljZjf;, cGwljZjf;sf] hs8aGwdf k/]sf], ljb]zL
wd{ lqmlZrogsf] rfk a9]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] af/]df s] l6Kk0fL jf dt
/fVg'x'G5 <
à wd{nfO{ cf8 agfP/ s}of}+ kIfx?n] cfkm\gf k|ltufdL jf ;fd|fHojfbL
p2]Zox? k"/f ug]{ jf hgtfdfly s}of}+ cTofrf/x? ug]{ ub{5g\ .
O:nflds s§/kGyLx?n] wd{sf gfddf ;+;f/el/ g} cft+s dRrfO/x]sf
5g\ . bnfO{ nfdfn] af}4 wd{nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf]
k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu b'?kof]u ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf
/fhfjfbLx?n] lxGb" wd{nfO{ /fhtGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{
xltof/sf ?kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] ;To xf] ls g]kfndf
ax';+Vos hgtf lxGb" 5g\ . t/ To;sf ;fy} g]kfn Pp6f
ax';f+:s[lts, ax'eflifs, ax'hftLo jf ax'wfld{s b]z klg xf] . Tof]
cj:yfdf s'g} Pp6f wd{nffO{ /fHosf] wd{ agfP/ xf]Og,
wd{lg/k]Iftfåf/f g} ;a} wd{x?sf aLrdf ;b\efj / Pstf sfod /xg
;Sb5 . wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] cy{ ;a} wd{k|lt /Hosf] ;dfg gLlt / ;a}sf]
;+/If0f x'G5 . g]kfnsf ax';+Vos hgtf lxGb" eP klg wd{lg/k]Iftfsf
sf/0fn] pgLx?sf] wd{ddf s'g} cf―r k'Ub}g . h:t} ls ef/t . ef/t
wd{lg/k]If b]z xf] . t/ Tof] sf/0fn] Toxf―sf] lxGb"x?sf] wd{df s'g}
cf―r k'u]sf] 5}g . klZrdL ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?n] O;fO{ wd{nfO{
cfkm\gf] ;fd|fHojfbL p2]Zosf] k"lt{sf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{ u/]sf
5g\ . g]kfndf O;fO{ wd{sf] h'g 7"nf] k}dfgfdf k|rf/ eO/x]sf] 5 /
7"nf] ;+Vofdf rr{x?sf] klg lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf k5fl8
hgtfsf] O;fO{ wd{dflysf] cf:yfeGbf klg ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf]
;fd|fHojfbL p2]Zon] g} a9L sfd u/]sf] 5 . O;fO{ wd{sf] cf8df
g]kfndf ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] k|efj h;/L a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5, To;af6
g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / cv08tfdf uDeL/ vt/f k'Ug]
;Defjgf 5 . To;}n] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ k};f jf ljleGg
k|sf/sf k|nf]egx?sf cfwf/df g]kfndf O;fO{ wd{sf] h'g k|rf/ /
k|;f/ x'g] u/]sf] 5, To;sf] lj/f]w / e08fkmf]/df xfd|f] kf6L{n] hf]8
lbG5 .
!^= oxf―nfO{ dgkg]{ ;flxTosf/ / ;flxlTos s[lt s]–s] x'g\ <
à cGt/f{li6«o ;flxTodf d]lS;d uf]sL{sf] …cfdfÚ dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L
dgk5{ . hglzIff u[xåf/f k|sflzt uf]sL{sf] …cfdfÚsf] e"ldsfdf d}n]
Tof] pkGof;sf] lj:t[t JofVof / ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5' . g]kfndf
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn, l;l4r/0f >]i7, afns[i0f
;d, x[borGb| l;+x k|wfg cflb dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L dg kb{5g\ .
!&= g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df u'0ffTds C0ffTds s] s:tf] ult
cg'ej ug'{x'G5 <
à g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;Gbe{df ;j{k|ydtM of] pNn]vgLo 5 ls o;sf]
ljsf; w]/} kl5 z'? eof] / To;n] ubf{ To;sf] ljsf; klg pT;fxk|b
k|sf/n] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g, oBlk To;n] nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f h:tf
dxfg\ ;flxlTos lje"ltx?nfO{ klg hGd lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
;flxTodf nfdf] ;do;Dd ;fdGtjfbsf] c;/ k¥of] . To;n] ubf{v]l/
;flxTosf] ljsf;nfO{ sfkmL xb;Dd s'l07t u¥of] . t}klg g]kfndf
gjhfu/0f cfpg'sf ;fy} To;df k|ultzLn / hgkIfLo k|j[lQx? klg
b]vfkg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . cfhsf] xfd|f] ;flxTosf] d"ne"t cfjZostf k'/fgf]
k|sf/sf] ;+:s[lt / lk5l8Psf] r]tgfdf ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f xf] .
k'/fgf] lk5l8Psf] ;+:s[lt jf dfGotfx?sf cfwf/df Tof] sfo{ k"/f x'g
;Sb}g . To;sf nflu qmflGtsf/L b[li6sf]0f jf r]tgfsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . To; k|sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f jf r]tgfsf] lgdf{0f dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf]
cfwf/df g} ;Dej 5 . t/ ;+;f/df / g]kfndf klg zlQmzfnL aGb}
uPsf] k"―hLjfbL jf pkef]QmfjfbL b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0fn] g]kfndf
qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf] ;d"lrt ?kdf ljsf; x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;n]
ubf{ ;flxTonfO{ k|ultzLn / qmflGtsf/L ?k lbg] sfo{ klg k5fl8
k/]sf] 5 . k"―hLjfbL b[li6sf]0f Pp6f ktgzLn b[li6sf]0f xf] . To;n]
;dfh, /fhgLlt / ;flxTonfO{ klg ktgsf] lbzfdf g} n}hfG5 .
To;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;flxTosf] klg :j:y / pbLodfg ?kdf ljsf;
s;/L x'g hfG5 < t}klg cfhsf] xfd|f] d'Vo cfjZostf ljBdfg
;dfh Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g xf] . Tof] kl/jt{gdf d2t k'¥ofpg] ;flxTon]
g} ;dfhnfO{ pbLodfg lbzfdf n}hfg ;Sb5 . To;/L Tof] cfhsf]
;flxlTos dfq xf]Og, /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts cfjZostf klg xf] .
!*= oxf―n] cfkm\gf k'vf{sf] s'n j+zfg';f/sf] g]t[Tj / ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog
ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;fy} cfkm\g} lktfsf] ;fx"kf/fsf] Jojxf/sf] ljb|f]x klg
ug'{ePsf] xf] . o;df klg k|sfz kfl/lbg'x'GYof] ls <
à xfdLn] xfd|f k'vf{x?sf] s'g} Jojl:yt / ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog ug{
;s]sf 5}gf}+ . olt;Dd xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls xfd|f] j+z v; hfltl;t
;DalGwt 5 . v; hflt dWo Pl;ofsf] d];f]kf]6fldof, a]lanf]gaf6
lxGbs'z, sflZd/, u9jfn, s'dfpm x'―b} g]kfn cfPsf lyP . t/ xfd|f]
ufp―, cf]v/sf]6df cfpg'eGbf klxn] s'g 7fp―af6 cfPsf lyP < Tof]
s'/f cem};Dd yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn];Dd xfdLnfO{ cflwsfl/s
?kdf yfxf ePcg';f/ sl/a $%) jif{ klxn] k/; 3tL{sf] g]t[Tjdf
si7" h};L, lzj/fd dxt/f jfx'an] sfdL;d]tsf] 6f]nLn] cf]v/sf]6sf]
sf]6df sAhf u/]/, hxf― Tof] a]nf hf6 /fhfx?sf] /fHo lyof], Toxf―
sAhf u/]/ a;f]af; u/]sf lyP . To;kl5sf] pgLx?sf] Oltxf;
;fdfGo k|sf/sf] g} /x]sf] 5 . Psflt/, k|frLgsfnsf] Pp6f dxfg\
hflt, v; hflt, / csf{lt/, k/; 3tL{sf ;Gtfgx? xfd|f] ufp―df
a;]b]lvsf] pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] lj:t[t ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog u/]kl5 g}
o;af/] cflwsfl/s ?kdf 1fg x'g ;Sb5 . cf]v/sf]6 ljZjsf]if
kl/of]hgfcGtu{t cf]v/sf]6 / To;sf cf;kf;sf ufp―x?df a:g]
k/; 3tL{sf ;Gtfgx? / cGo hfltx?sf] cWoog ug{ s]xL k|oTg
ul/Psf] lyof] . To;/L cWoog ul/Psf k|f/lDes /rgfx? …cf]v/sf]6Ú
k':tsdf lbOPsf 5g\ . t/ Tof] cWoog cToGt k|f/lDes k|sf/sf] /
ckof{Kt 5 .
Ko"7fgdf @)!) ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 Toxf― ls;fg
cfGbf]ngsf] pef/ g} cfPsf] lyof] . ToxL l;nl;nfdf xfdLn]
lktfhLsf ;fdGtL zf]if0f / hfne]mnsf lj?4 klg ;+3if{ ug'{k/]sf]
lyof] .
!(= tkfO{+n] ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] /fhgLlts / ;flxlTos b]gnfO{ s]
s;/L :jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 < ls lt/:sf/ < atfOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
à g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf vf; u/]/ lg/+s'z /f0ffzf;gsf
lj?4sf] ;+3if{df, aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] dxÎjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf
/x]sf] 5 . ;flxlTos If]qdf vf; u/]/ pkGof;sf] If]qdf pgsf]
dxÎjk"0f{ b]g /x]sf] 5 . t/ pgsf s[ltx? a9L k|mfo8jfbL ljrf/åf/f
lgb]{lzt 5g\ . To;sf/0f pgsf] ;flxTon] k|ltlqmofjfbL wf/fsf] g}
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . t}klg snf / lzNksf b[li6sf]0fn] ltgLx? pRr
/x]sf] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] :jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .
@)= oxf― cfkm\gf] /fhgLltsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf aLkLaf6 k|efljt / k|]l/t
x'g'ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f s] slt ;To xf] / To; ljifodf s]
cleJolQm /fVg'x'G5 / aL=kL=nfO{ s;/L d"Nof+sg u/]/ lrgfpg'x'G5 <
à d cfkm\gf] k|f/lDes /fhgLlts hLjgdf aL=kL=åf/f k|efljt ePsf] lyPF
eGg] s'/f ;To xf]Og . @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng z'? ePkl5 g]kfndf
/f0fflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] pef/ cfof] . d To;åf/f k|efljt eP/ To;df
;fd]n ePF . csf{lt/, aL=kL= u[xdGqL ePkl5 pgn] h'g bdgsf/L
gLltx? ckgfP, vf; u/]/ ljBfyL{x?dflysf] bdg, To;af6 g]kfnL
sfFu|];dflysf] d]/f] cf:yf ;dfKt eof] / @))* ;fndf g} d}n] To;af6
-g]kfnL sfFu|];af6_ /flhgfdf lbPF . /f0fflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf aL=kL=sf]
dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf eP klg g]kfnL sfFu|];sf k|f/lDes b:tfj]hx?df
ef/taf6 g]kfn /fhglts b[li6sf]0fn] s[lqd k|sf/n] k[ys\ ePsf] 5
eGg] h'g ljrf/x? JoQm ul/Psf lyP, To;n] pgsf] -aL=kL=sf]_
ef/tk/:t ;f]rfOnfO{ g} atfp―bYof] / ToxL qmddf ;/bf/ k6]nn]
g]kfnnfO{ lghfdsf] x}b/fjfbnfO{ h:t} ef/tLo ;+3df ufEg'kb{5 eGg]
ljrf/ k|s6 u/]sf lyP . pQm b'a} kIfx?dfly ljrf/ ubf{ aL=kL=sf]
g]t[Tjsf] g]kfnL sfFu|]; / ;/bf/ k6]nsf] egfOdf 5b\d ?kdf s'g}
tfnd]n tf lyPg eGg] k|Zg k}bf x'G5 . To;/L /fli6«otfsf] b[li6sf]0fn]
ljrf/ ubf{ Tof] k|Zgdf aL=kL=sf] b[li6sf]0f ;xL lyPg eGg] d]/f] wf/0ff
/x]sf] lyof] . of] b[li6sf]0fn] aL=kL=sf] c? lj:t[t ?kn] d"Nof°g
ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 h:tf] nfUb5 . To;sf ;fy} /fhfl;t
d]nldnfksf] pgsf] ;f]rfOaf/] klg yk d"Nof°gsf] cfjZostf 5 .
@!= cfkm\gf s[lt -k':ts_x?df s'g s[lt lk|o dfGg'x'G5 <
à lgaGwx?df …xs]{Ú / sljtfx?df …u+ufsfj]/L PS;k|];ÚnfO{ d}n] ;a}eGbf
lk|o dfGb5' . tL b'a}dWo] klg kl5Nnf]nfO{ d}n] ;a}eGbf a9L lk|o
dfGb5' . Tof] sljtfl;t d]/f] ulx/f] efjgfTds ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 /
To;l;t d]/f hLjg / kf6L{sf klg s}of}+ s6', b'Mvb / dxÎjk"0f{
kIfx? hf]l8Psf 5g\ . t/ hLjgsf] Tof] ;a}eGbf cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf
klg d}n] kf6L{k|ltsf] k|lta4tfdf s'g} ljrng cfpg lbOg / d}n]
qmflGtsf uLtx? ufpg tyf ;kgf b]Vg 5fl8g . To;}n] Tof] sljtfn]
d]/f ;flxlTos s[ltx?dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L dxÎj /fVb5 .
@@= oxf― cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 ls <
à kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ldaf/] eGg'kg]{ s'/fx? w]/} 5g\ . t/ tLdWo] s'g
s'/fsf] rrf{ ug]{ Tof] 5'6\ofpg' ;lhnf] 5}g . s'g} vf; k|Zg p7]df
To;af/] s]xL k|sfz kfg'{ ;fob ck|f;f+lus x'g]5}g . t/ clxn] s'g}
vf; k|Zg gp7Lsg To;af/] a9L rrf{ ug'{ ;fob k|f;+lus / ;xL
klg x'g] 5}g .
@#= oxf―n] !! jif{;Dd k6sk6s u/L h]n oftgf a]xf]g'{ k¥of] . h]naflx/
klg cg]s cg]s b'Mv, si6 a]xf]g'{ kg]{ cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf s]xL eGg
rfxg'x'G5 ls <
à d k~rfotLsfndf ;jf ( jif{hlt h]ndf a:g' k/]sf] lyof] . k6sk6s
u/L d !! jif{ hlt h]ndf a;]sf] lyPF . @)@& ;fnsf] r}qdf h]naf6
lg:s]kl5 @)$^ ;fn;Dd e"ldut eP/ a:g'k¥of] . To;kl5 clxn];Dd
cw{e"ldut cj:yfdf 5' . cw{e"ldut eGg'sf] cy{ xf], ;/sf/af6 x'g}
jf/]G6 5}g . t/ kf6L{nfO{ k"/} e"ldut /fVg] xfd|f] gLlt 5 . kf6L{sf
k|jQmfx? ;fj{hlgs x'G5g\ . d]/f] kb, gfd / ljrf/x? ;fj{hlgs
x'G5g\ . t/ ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdx?df hfg] ulb{g . To;/L d k"/}
e"ldut klg 5}g / k"/} ;fj{hlgs klg 5}g . oxL cw{e"ldutsf]
cj:yf xf] . t/ of] ;a}nfO{ d}n] b'Mv / si6sf] cj:yf 7flGbg .
cfkm\gf] l;4fGt / cf:yfcg';f/ nuftf/ sfd ug{ ;Sg' b'Mv /
si6sf] cj:yf xf]Og . a? To; k|sf/sf sfdx? ubf{ ;'v, cfgGb
/ ;Gtf]if g} k|fKt x'G5 .
@$= h]nsf] s7f]/ aGbL hLjgsf cg'ej, cg'e"ltnfO{ st} lnlka4
ug'e{ Psf] 5 ls < eP s] xf] <
à h]n hLjgsf] cj:yfdf d nuftf/ cWoog ug]{ / n]Vg] sfdx?df
nfu]+ . Tof] a]nf n]v]sf s}of}+ k':ts, klqsf / n]vx? k|sflzt ePsf
5g\ . t/ :jo+ h]n hLjgsf cg'ejx?af/] d}n] s]xL n]v]sf] 5}g .
d}n] …e"ldut÷cw{e"ldutÚ zLif{sn] Pp6f k':ts n]Vg] of]hgf agfPsf]
5'. To;sf s]xL kl/R5]bx? klg n]lv;s]sf] 5' . t/ kf6L{sf
sfdx?sf] Jo:ttfn] ubf{ Tof] k':ts k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . slxn] k"/f
x'g]5 Tof] klg eGg ;lSbg . olb Tof] k':ts k"/f ug]{ df}sf kfPF eg]
To;df h]n hLjgsf cg'ejx? af/] klg s]xL k|sfz kfg]{ k|oTg
ug]{5' .
@%= s:tf] ;dfh / JolQmsf] hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s, ;kmn / pGgt dfGg'x'G5 <
oxf―sf s]xL dfGotf atfOlbg'eP kf7s nfeflGjt x'g] lyP . lsgeg]
oqf] nfdf] ;+3if{do r'gf}tLk"0f{ hLjg latfPsf *% jifL{o df]xgljqmd
l;+x :jo+ Ps bz{g, dxfsfJo jf a[xt\ cfVofg x'g'x'G5 .
à h:tf] ls d}n] dfly n]v]+ cfkm\gf]cfkm\gf] l;4fGt / cf:yfsf nflu
lg/Gt/ / b[9tfk"j{s sfd ug'{nfO{ g} d}n] ;fy{s, ;kmn / pGgt
hLjg dfGb5' . To;dfly To; k|sf/sf] l;4fGt / cf:yf ;Dk"0f{ b]z,
;dfh jf dfgj hfltnfO{ g} ;'vL / pGgt agfpg] p2]Zon] lgb]{lzt
x'G5 eg] To;sf] nflu cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ;dk{0f ug'{, Tof] ;a}eGbf
;fy{s x'G5 . cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg To;sf nflu ;dk{0f ug{ kfPsf]df
d}n] w]/} g} k|;Ggtf / uf}/jsf] klg cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . cfkm\gf] hLjgdf
d slt ;kmn ePF < Tof] uf}0f dxÎjsf] s'/f xf] . cfkm\gf] p2]Zosf]
nflu nuftf/ cufl8 a9\g' g} d]/f] bfloTj xf] eGg] d}n] dx;'; ub{5' .
d}n] cfzf / sfdgf ub{5' . hLjgsf] cGt;Dd d o;/L g} ljrlnt
geO{sg nuftf/ cufl8 a9\g' ;s"F . d}n] k'gh{Gd jf k/nf]sdfly
ljZjf; ulb{g . t/ To:tf] ;Defjgf eP c? ;os8f}+, xhf/f}+
hLjgx? klg cfkm\gf] p2]Zosf] nflu lbP/ ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f,
pTkL8g, cGofo, cTofrf/ / c;dfgtfaf6 d'Qm, :jtGq, ;'vL /
;'Gb/ dfgj ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]df Tof] d]/f nflu ;a}eGbf ;'Mv
/ k|;Ggtfsf] s'/f x'GYof] .
@^= ljb]lzg'kg]{ g]kfnL ljBfyL{, gjo'jf / sfdbf/ o'jfnfO{ s] eGg
rfxg'x'G5 <
à k|ydtM b]zsf] ul/aL / lk5l8Psf] cj:yfsf sf/0fn] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf
g]kfnLx? ljb]lzg' k/]sf] 5 . cToGt b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . ljb]zdf
knfogsf] oxL ult /x\of] eg] ;fob cfpg] bzsx?df g]kfnsf] ax'dt
hg;+Vof ljb]zdf a:g]5 . csf{lt/, ef/taf6 7"nf] ;+Vofsf] g]kfndf
cfudg eO/x]sf] 5 / pgLx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] gful/s agfpg of]hgfa4
k|sf/n] k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 . oL b'a} k|j[lQsf] kl/0ffd:j?k s]xL
bzsleq g} g]kfndf :jo+ g]kfnLx? cNkdtdf kg]{ vt/f uDeL/ x'―b}
uO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] /fhgLlts b'ikl/0ffd slt uDeL/ x'g]5 < Tof]
s;}n] klg ;lhn}l;t cg'dfg ug{ ;Sb5 . Tof]afx]s g]kfnsf lzlIft
;d'bfo vf; u/]/ gof― lk9Lsf ljBfyL{x?sf] ljb]zdf hfg]dfq
xf]Og,pt} :yfoL ?kn] a:g] k|j[lQ klg nuftf/ a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
To;/L Psflt/ b]zsf] >dzlQm / csf{lt/ b]zsf] af}l4s ;Dkbf
b'a}sf] ljb]zdf knfog x'―b} uO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k
eljiodf klg b]zsf] ljsf;sf ;Defjgf sd g} x'g] b]lvG5 . vf;
u/]/ cfd dflg;x?df / gof― kL9Ldf ;d]t ;Dk"0f{ b]z / hgtfsf]
pGglteGbf JolQmut hLjg / cfkm\gf] eljiodfly g} a9L Wofg lbg]
b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0fn] g} o:tf] cjfl~5t l:yltsf] lgdf{0f x'―b} uO/x]sf]
b]lvG5 . of] uDeL/ lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . o;k|lt ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;L /
lzlIft ;d'bfosf] klg Wofg hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . jf:tjdf ;a}
b]zjf;Lx?, d'VotM gof― kL9Ln] b]zsf] eljioaf/] lrGtf gu/Lsg
vfln cfkm\gf] JolQmut hLjg / cfkm\gf] eljioaf/] g} a9L Wofg lbg]
l;nl;nf a9\b} uof] eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k b]zsf] emg\kl5 emg\
b'u{lt x'―b} hfg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . To:tf] x'g glbg xfdLx? ;a}n]
vf; u/]/ gof― kL9Ln] a9L Wofg lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
@&= a9\bf] k|ljlw / oflGqsLs/0fsf] rfkn] ef]ujfb / :jfy{Gwtfsf] k|efjn]
;fdflhs, ;fd"lxs efjgf, cfbz{ / k|fs[lts :jefjdf cjd"Nog
ePsf] jt{dfg ljZjnfO{ s;/L cjnf]sg ug'{eO{ d"Nof°g ug'{x'G5 <
à a9\bf] k|fljlws / oflGqsLs/0f g} cfhsf] ljZjsf] d'Vo ;d:of
xf]Og . k|fljlws / oflGqsLs/0fn] dflg;sf] hLjg emg\ ;'vL / ;d[4
aGb} hfG5 . cfkm\gf] hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu dflg;n] hlt a9L >d
ug'{kb{Yof] jf csf]{ zAbdf hLjg lgjf{xsf] nflu g} cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{
hLjg latfpg'kb{Yof], To;sf] 7fp―df k|ljlw / oGqsf] ljsf;åf/f
dflg;n] sd >d u/]/ klg cfkm\gf] hLjg lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb5 / To;/L
ar]sf] ;doåf/f dflg;n] cfkm\gf] hLjg / ;dfhnfO{ w]/} g} ;'vL /
pGgt agfpg ;Sb5 . t/ clxn]sf] cGofok"0f{ jf zf]if0f k|wfg ;dfh
Joj:yfsf sf/0fn] k|ljlw / oflGqsLs/0fåf/f h]–hlt pknlAwx?
x'G5g\, To;dfly ;dfhsf d'6\7Le/ zf]ifs ju{x?sf] k|e'Tj sfod
x'G5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, pgLx?n] pGgt k|ljlw / oflGqsLs/0fnfO{
;d]t ;dfhdfly cfkm\gf] k|e'Tj sfod ug{ jf bdg / o'4sf nflu
;d]t k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . Tof] cj:yfdf To; k|sf/sf] cGofok"0f{
;fdflhs Joj:yf clxn]sf] d'Vo ;d:of xf] / To;nfO{ abNg'
clxn]sf] k|wfg cfjZostf xf] . ;dfhdf ljBdfg zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf
k|j[lQx?, c?dfly zf]if0f jf ptkL8g u/]/ ;'vL aGg vf]Hg]
k|j[lQx?sf sf/0fn] g} ;dfhdf ljs[t dfgl;stfsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
dflg;x?df hlt To; k|sf/sf k|j[lQx?df ;'wf/ jf ?kfGt/0f x'―b}
hfG5, Tolt g} ;dfhdf ;Rrf dfgjLo efjgfsf] ljsf; x'―b} hfG5 .
To;k|sf/sf] dfgjLo efjgfsf] pRr / ;Rrf ?k s] xf] < Pp6L
cfdfsf] pbfx/0faf6 Tof] s'/f ;lhn}l;t a'em\g ;lsG5 . Pp6L
cfdfn] lagf :jfy{ jf abnfdf s]xL k|fKt x'g] nf]e gu/Lsg cfkm\gf
;Gtfgx?sf] lgM:jfy{efjn] ;]jf ub{l5g\ . cfdfsf] ;Gtfgx?k|ltsf]
To; k|sf/sf] k|]dsf] hlt lj:tf/ x'―b} hfG5, b]zn] hlt a9L ;fd"lxs
/ ;fdflhs ?k lnb} hfG5 jf csf]{ zAbdf ha ;Dk"0f{ ;dfh jf
ljZj g} cfdfdo aGb} hfG5, ;Dk"0f{ ;dfh jf ljZj g} cfbz{ / pRr
aGg hfg]5 . Tof] cj:yfdf dflg;x?df pRr cfbz{, dfgjLo
dgf]lj1fgsf] lgdf{0f x'g]5 . Tof] cj:yfdf g} dfgj ;dfh, ;Dk"0f{
dfgj hflt ;'vL, ;d[4 / ;'Gb/ x'g]5 .
@*= g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;femf ;xsf/L hLjgz}nL / ;xh hLjgsf]
;+:s[lt;―u hf]l8Psf] /fhgLlts lrGtgnfO{ cfw'lgs ;dfhjfb;―u
s;/L hf]8\g] eGg] s'/fdf oxf― s] eGg'x'G5 <
à klxnf] s'/f t g]kfnL ;dfhsf] h'g ;femf / ;xh hLjgsf] ;+:s[ltsf]
s'/f ul/Psf] 5, Tof] jf:tljseGbf sfNklgs k|sf/sf] g} a9L 5 .
xfd|f] ;dfhdf y'k|} / uDeL/ k|sf/sf ljs[ltx? 5g\ . k|To]s kl/jf/
jf ufp―x?sf] hLjgsf] ;/;/L k|sf/n] d"Nof+sg ug]{ xf] eg] klg Tof]
s'/f k|i6 x'g]5 . dflg;x?sf] cfk;sf] ;DaGwdf k};f jf :jfy{sf]
d'Vo e"ldsf x'G5 . dflg;x?sf cfk;sf k|]d jf cfTdLotfsf
;DaGwx? klg k};f jf :jfy{df afwf k'Ug]lalQs} lau|g yfN5g\ .
afa'5f]/f, bfh'efO, lbbLalxgL, kltkTgL, 5/–l5d]sL cflbsf aLrdf
k};f jf :jfy{sf] nflu rNg] cGt/lj/f]wx?af6 Tof] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf
/xGg . oxf―;Dd ls k};f jf :jfy{sf] nflu cfk;df s'6lk6 ug]{, d'2f
dfldnf ug]{ jf xTof;Dd ug]{ ul/G5 . 3/3/df ;f;", a'xf/L, gGb
efph", h]7fgL, b]p/fgL, ;f}tfx? cflbsf aLrdf rNg] cGt/;+3if{, Ps
csf{sf lj?4sf] JolQmut 6Lsfl6Kk0fL cflbn] klg xfd|f] kl/jf/ jf
;dfhsf] ljs[t :j?knfO{ atfp―5g\ . To; k|sf/sf ljs[ltx?af6
/fhgLlt klg c5'tf] /x]sf] 5}g . xfdLn] cfhsf] o; k|sf/sf] ljs[t
dgf]j[lQdf kl/jt{g Nofpg k|oTg ug'{kb{5 / ToxL s'/f /fhgLltsf]
;Gbe{df klg ;To xf] . /fhgLltdf h'g :jfy{do jf ljs[t k|j[lQx?
b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . To;n] ubf{ b]zsf] ljsf; x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
oxf―;Dd ls To; k|sf/sf sdhf]/L jf ljs[ltx?sf sf/0fn] h'g
b]zx?df ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf eof], tL klg c;kmn eP/
uP . To; k|sf/sf bf]ifx?sf sf/0fn] s}of}+ b]zx?df nfdf] /
uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf; ePsf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] klg lj36g
jf ktg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L To; k|sf/sf] dfgl;stfdf ;'wf/ Pp6f
ljZjJofkL ;d:of xf] . 3/kl/jf/ / ufp―b]lv lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ ljZj To;
k|sf/sf ljs[t dgf]j[lQx?åf/f u|l;t 5 . ToxL sf/0fn] g} cfh
;Dk"0f{ ljZj czflGtsf] 3/ ag]sf] 5 . ToxL sf/0fn] 3/3/df s}of}+
emu8fx? x'g] ub{5g\ eg] 7"n7"nf o'4 / ljZj o'4x? klg x'g]
ub{5g\ . clxn] klg dfgjhflt To; k|sf/sf o'4x? / ljgfzsf]
d'vdf plePsf] 5 . t/ xfdL lg/fz x'g'x'―b}g / of] ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{
ljZjJofkL ?kdf km}lnPsf] cGofok"0f{ Joj:yf / To;sf sf/0fn]
pTkGg ePsf] b"lift / ljiffSt dfgl;stfnfO{ abNgsf] nflu ;+3if{
ug'{kb{5 . of] ;+3if{ sl7g cjZo 5, t/ c;Dej 5}g . ;fob To;sf
nflu xfdLn] k':tf}+k':tf jf o'uo'u;Dd ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ 5 . t/ of]
sf/0fn] xfdLn] cfzf ug]{ 7fp― 5 ls dfgj hfltsf] nuftf/
lgDg:t/af6 pRr:t/df ljsf; x'―b} uO/x]sf] 5 / To; cfwf/df
clxn]sf] cGofok"0f{ ;dfh Joj:yfsf] cGt x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdfly k"/f
ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 . dfly xfdLn] 3/, kl/jf/, ;dfh, /fhgLlt jf
:jo+ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf b]vfk/]sf ljs[ltx?sf] h'g rrf{ u¥of}+, Tof]
g} ;+;f/sf] d'Vo jf Psdfq kIf xf]Og . To;sf ;fy} ;dfhdf
ljBdfg ;a} cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts jf dgf]j}1flgs
ljs[ltx?sf lj?4 jf ltgLx?df ;'wf/ jf kl/jt{gsf nflu klg
;+;f/el/ g} ;+3if{ rln/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf of] ;fdflhs hLjgsf]
k|wfg / lg0f{ofTds kIf xf] / To;n] Pp6f gof― / cfbz{ ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{5 eGg] s'/fdfly xfdLnfO{ k"/f ljZjf; 5 . cGtdf
dfgjhfltsf] eljio cfzfdo / pHHjn 5 .
@(= jt{dfg sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/sf] ;DaGwdf oxf―sf] b[li6sf]0f <
à ;j{k|ydtM xfdLn] of] :ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ ls jt{dfg ;/sf/ sDo'lgi6
;/sf/ g} xf]Og . dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL l;4fGtx?af6 ljrlnt ePsf
k"j{ Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|x? blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL ;+u7gx?
lyP . To;sf/0f ltgLx?sf] d]naf6 ag]sf] ;+u7g sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x'g
;Sb}gYof] / xf]Og klg . ha g]skf g} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ xf]Og eg]
To;sf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] ;/sf/ klg sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/ gx'g] s'/f k|i6
5 . g]skf sDo'lgi6 geP klg Tof] b]zeQm, hgtflGqs / jfdkGyL
;+u7g xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] klxn] g} :ki6 ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . t/ To;sf]
rl/q 9'nd'n, cj;/jfbL / ;Demf}tfk/:t k|sf/sf] 5 . To;sf]
g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] h'g k|sf/sf] sfo{z}nL ckgfPsf] 5, Tof] klg
cToGt c;Gtf]ifhgs k|sf/sf] 5 . To;n] b]zsf] ljsf;df klg
;Gtf]ifhgs k|sf/n] sfd ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . b]zdf anfTsf/, xTof,
e|i6frf/ a9\b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . g]skf, g]sf, /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{,
dw]zjfbL cflb h:tf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+u7g xf]Og / u0ftGq /
wd{lg/k]Iftfk|ltsf] To;sf] c8fg ck]Iffs[t k|ultzLn 5 . t/ To;sf]
g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf] unt k|sf/sf] sfo{k|0ffnLaf6 k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{
an k'lu/x]sf] 5 / :jo+ jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] gLltsf sf/0fn] klg
u0ftGqsf] cfwf/ sdhf]/ x'―b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;+3Lotfsf sf/0fn] klg
b]zsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / cv08tfdf uDeL/ cf―r k'lu/x]sf]
5 . /fhfjfbLx?n] u0ftGq / wd{lg/k]IftfnfO{ ;dfKt ug{sf] nflu
cleofg rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo ;fd|fHojfbn] klg Psflt/ g]kfnsf]
/fli6«otfsf lj?4 / csf{lt/ u0ftGq / wd{lg/k]IftfnfO{ ;dfKt ug{sf]
nflu g]kfnsf /fhfjfbLx? tyf k[ystfjfbLx? -dw]zjfbLx?_nfO{
d2t ul//x]sf] 5 . To; k|sf/sf] k[i7e"lddf, Psflt/, jt{dfg
;/sf/sf ;a} unt gLltx?sf lj?4 ;Demf}tfxLg / b[9tfk"j{s ;+3if{
ug]{ / csf{lt/ /fli6«otf, u0ftGq, wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] /Iff tyf ;+3Lotfsf
lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ xfd|f] gLlt x'g'kb{5 .
#)= cGTodf d}n] ;f]Wg 5'6fPsf] / oxf― :jo+n] eGg rfx]sf] yk c? s'/f
eP elglbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
à cGtdf d}n] Pp6f s'/fk|lt ;a} kf7sx?sf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{
rfxG5' . cfh b]z uDeL/ k|sf/sf] ;+s6sf] d'vdf plePsf] 5 .
u0ftGq / /fli6«otf b'a} vt/fdf 5g\ . csf{lt/ dflg;x?sf] Wofg
b]zsf] cufl8 b]vfk/]sf] ;+s6 jf b]zsf] eljiok|lt eGbf a9L cfkm\gf
JolQmut ;d:ofx?k|lt g} hfg] u/]sf] 5 . To;dfly b]zdf, ljb]zdf
knfogsf] k|j[lQ tLa| ultn] a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} uDeL/
vt/fsf ;+s]tx? x'g\ . To; k|sf/sf vt/fx?af6 b]znfO{ arfpg
xfdLx? ;a}sf] Wofg hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
)))
;Q/L ljdz{
 8f= t'n;L e§/fO{
sf7df8f}+
cfhb]lv ;Q/L nfu]F . cyf{t\ @)&% k'; # ut]sf lbg o; wtL{df k|j]z
u/]sf] pGfG;Q/L k"/f eP5 . To;f] t cfdfsf] ue{;Fusf] k|j]znfO{ hf]8\bf t
;Q/L k"/f eOof] . olt a]nf ;Q/Laf/] rrf{ ug{ dg nfUb} 5 . x'g t
;Q/L nfu]/ s] eof] / < lsg rrf{ ul//xg'k¥of] / < o; ljZjdf egf}+,
g]kfns} dfq s'/f ubf{ klg clxn] cyf{t\ o; jif{ ;Q/L nfu]sf / ;Q/L
k'Ug]x? nfvf}+ 5g\ . ltg}dWo]sf] Pp6f d ;Q/L nfUbf s] gofF eof] / Û
dfG5] hGd]kl5 qmdzM pd]/ kf/ ub}{ hfG5 . :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] of] .
æn x} legfh' xf} Û ca t a]+;Laf6 3/ k'Ug d'l:sn kg{ yfNof] . …;f7L
xftdf nf7L ÛÚÚ eGof t s'/f] l7s} kf] /5 . n6\7L 6]Sg'kg]{ eof] . psfnf]
lxF8\bf :ofF:ofF bd a9]/= = = . vf]sL klg nfU5 . lbg uP5g\ ul/vfg] ca .
l;s'jf / cfFug s'g]{ lbg cfP5g\ xf} .Æ ;f7L jif{cl3 cf];]df xfd|f hLjf;Fu
cfxfn8fF8] afa}n] eg]sf] s'/f clxn] ;lDemFb} 5' . Tof] a]nf b; a;]{ d}n]
;f7L nfu]sf cfxfn8fF8]nfO{ j[4 7fg]sf] lyPF . ;Q/Lg]/sf hLaf t emg\
dxfj[4 g}= = . tL b'O{ hgfsf] a'9\of}nL ukm ;'Gbf To; a]nf 5Ss k/]sf]
lyPF .
To;a]nf ;f7L jif{sf JolQmsf] Tof] egfO, clg ;Q/Lsf d]/f hLjfsf] j[4Tj
oltv]/ d]/f] lbdfudf 3'ld/x]]sf] 5 . To;a]nf ;f7L g} d]/f lglDt cfZro{sf]
s'/f lyof] . s] ca d Tolt a]nfsf ;Q/Lsf d]/f xh'/af h:t} j[4 ePF
t < t/ cfkm"nfO{ j[4 egfpg] kIfdf 5}g . t/ klg ;Q/L nfu]s} x'F .
cfkm" kfFr nfu]sf] jif{ >Lk~rdLsf lbg lktfhLn] sfnf] kf6Ldf b"wv/Ln] s
v== = n]v]/ km"ncIftfåf/f k"hf ug{ nufpg'ePsf] ;Demgf klg tfh} 5 .
To; lbgotf ljut k};6\7L jif{sf d'Vo 36gfx? d]/f] dg–dl:tisdf el/Ps}
5g\ . o;f] ;lDemFbf cfkm"nfO{ yfxf kfpg yfn]s} k};6\7L jif{ eof] eg]kl5
yf]/} xf]Og . lbg, /ft, dlxgf, jif{, bzs x'Fb} ;ft bzs ;do . clg
;f7L nfUg' eg]sf] a'9\Øf}nLdf k|j]z ug'{ xf] eg] emg\ ;Q/L t a'9f] x'g] eof] .
t/ d]/f] dg a'9\Øf}nL :JfLsf/ ug{ tof/ 5}g . clxn];Dd pNn]v ug{nfos
s]xL sfd klg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . w]/} sfd ug{ afFsL 5 . ev{/ t gofF gofF
sfd ug{ / gofF gofF ljifodf n]Vg ;f]Rt} 5' .
nf]stflGqs ;ª\3Lo u0ftGq g]kfn ev{/ afd] ;b}{ 5 . emg\ gofF g]kfn
s:tf] x'g] xf] . x]g}{ afFsL 5 . dnfO{ cfkm\gf] cf];]ufpF df]6/df k'Ug] OR5f
5 . cf];]ufpFsf 3/3/df kfgL, lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g, g]6 rn]sf] b]Vg} afFsL
5 . l3ln{ªdf r9]/ kfyLe/f k'Ug] dg 5 . Tof] x'g afFsL g} 5 .
– b; jif{df b; xhf/ d]3fjf6 lah'nL aGg] ePsf]n] kmfjfvf]nfsf] efudf
klg ;o d]ufjf6 t k5{ g} xf]nf . d}n] cfkm" s]6fs]6L 5Fbf 9f]8 /
tLt]kftLsf lemqmf]sf] pHofnf]df k9]sf] s'/f ubf{ ;xl/ofx?nfO{ xfF;f]
p7\g ;S5 . t/ Tof] s'/f ;To lyof] . cfh klg ToxfF p:t}p:t} 5 .
To;sf/0f klg gofF g]kfn – u0ftGq g]kfnsf a]nf cf];]df lah'nL
emndNNf ePsf] s'/f ;f]Rg' :jfefljs} xf] .
– cfkm" ;Q/L k'u]/ klg s:ff] olt klg g;f]Rg' t Û cfkm\gf] ljutaf/] s]xL
eGg dg nfu]sf] 5– o; 38Ldf . dkfO{ ag]sf] rflxF xf]Og lg .
To;}To;} ;Q/L ;lDemFbf leq}b]lv s:tf]s:tf] nfu]/ cfpF5 . clg s]xL
eGg klg dg nfu]sf] 5 .
– cfkm\gf] hLJfgaf/] cfkm}Fn] s] eGg], slt eGg] < lgs} cK7Øf/f] ePsf] 5 .
x'g t cfkm\gf] hLjgaf/] cfkm}+ ge6ØfP c? s;}n] rf;f] /fv]/ elgb]nf
eGg] klg 5}g . cfhsf] sDKo'6/] ;dodf km';{b kfpg g} ufx|f] 5 .
s;nfO{ ;'gfpg], s;n] ;'Gg] / ;'gfP/ pknlAw s] x'g] < lx;fan] rNg]
u5{g\ cfhsfx?, km]l/ ;a} s'/f a]km';{b 5g\ . ;a}nfO{ wfjf 5 .
P;PdP;leq ;a} s'/f cfpg'kg]{ o'udf nfdf] uGyg ;'Gg' klg s;/L <
xh'/afn] …Psfb]zdf ;'gs];f| /fgL== =Ú gfltnfO{ Pp6f syf ;'gfpg] ;doel/df
ofgn] k[YjLsf] kl/qmdf ul/;S5 . cf];]sf] 9fF83/] sfG5f] ;fªdfu' k'u]/ 3/
gcfOk'Ub} dfOsn Hofs rGb|nf]s k'u]/ kmls{;S5 . zflGt;]gfdf ;'8fg
k'u]sf xjNbf/ /gaxfb'/n] cfkm\gL dfofn'nfO{ Ps ldg]6d} cfkm\gf] o'4syf–
dgf]Joyf ;'gfO;S5 .
plxn] h:tf] cfkm\gf] anjL/]nfO{ …rLlTyÚ k7fpg sfG5L /fO{gLn] ;flxFnf
k'/]tsxfF Ps v]tfnf] ;3fO{sg lr7L n]vfO/xg' kb}{g . afa'nfO{ PskN6
lgx'/]/ v'§fdf 9f]u'~h]n b;kN6 …xnf] 8\of8Ú eg]/ xft ldnfpg ;lsG5 .
;a} …;6s6Ú . o:tf] ;6s6] ;°6sf] a]nfdf, a]km';{bsf] If0fdf cfkm\ga" f/]
n]Vbf kl9lbg], a'lemlbg] JolQm kfpg ufx|f] 5 .
t/ klg s]xL t eGg} k¥of] . >f]tfn] dg gk/fP klg Psf]xf]/f] efif0f 5fF6\g]
afgL xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ kl/;s]s} 5 . km]l/ cfkm\gf] dgsf] ax kf]Vtf dg
xn'Ëf] x'G5 eG5g\ cg'ejLx? . o:tf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ lsg 5f]8\g' <
tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf] kmfjfvf]nf, cf];] ufpF k'Vof}{nL ynf] xf] . lj=;+= !*^%
lt/ cf]vn9'Ëfsf] ufDgfª6f/af6 kz'kltgfy e§/fO{Nf] tfKn]h'ª t]Nnfa'ª
rfFu] uP/ cfkm\gf] af;e"ld agfP5g\ . pgLkl5sf rf}yf k':tfsf k+=
lzjlglwn] lj=;+= !(&*df kmfjfvf]nf cf];]df kfOnf /fv] . pgsf ;ft hgf
5f]/fdWo] dflxnf xfd|f lktfhL k+= 6]sgfy cfkm\gf] hLljsfsf] vf]hLsf qmddf
w]/} 7fpF a;f]af; ub}{ gjf}+ kN6sf] a;fOF;/fOdf @)@# ;fndf emfkfsf] bds
k'u]kl5 l:y/ x'g'ef] / ToxLF @)%^ df pxfFsf] b]jx;fg ePsf] xf] .
xfd|f] To; kl/jf/sf] cleefsTj cfdfn] ;DxfNb} cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfdf
klg @)&% j}zfv @& sf lbg k/nf]s x'g'eof] .
lj=;+= @))^ k'; # ut] zlgaf/–hGdl6kg ePsf] afx| hgf ;GtfgdWo]sf]
h]7f] d t'n;Lk|;fb e§/fO{ x'F . clg qmdzM efOalxgLx? –sdn/fh, 8f=
uf]ljGb/fh, O{Zj/Lk|;fb, kb\dfb]jL, gf/fo0f, rGb|f, uËf, dfwjf, vu]Gb|,
zlzsnf / b]j]Gb| x'g\ . oL ;a} cfcfkm\gf] If]qdf ;+nUg eP/ hLjg
bf}8fO/x]sf 5g\ .
/g], sfn], x/], 6Ls];Fu kf6Ldf b"wv/Ln] s–v n]Vbfsf] d]/f] ;do ev{/}
lat]em}F nfU5 .
æ5 av{d} r08L d'vfu|] kf/]sf 5g\ xfd|f kl08t gfgLn] . xf]Og xf}, dfG5] tf
lah'nL g} lgl:sP . Æ
– /fhfvs]{ a"9f dfG5]sf] af]nL ;lDemPs} 5' . b; jif{s} pd]/df
clUg:yfkgfb]lv j|taGw;Ddsf sd{sf08, xf]8frqmx? xh'/af;Fu
kl9l;WofP/ sfG5f sfsf;Fu cg'jfb / n3'sf}d'bL k9\g yfn]sf] ;Gbe{
tfh} 5 . P3f/ jif{s} pd]/df k''/f0fsf] hUu]df a;]/ k':ts} gx]/L hUu]
u/fpg ;Sg] d]/]f Ifdtf b]v]/ w]/}af6 k|z+;f kfPsf] xF' .
– cf7 jif{sf] pd]/b]lv tfKn]h'ª ;b/d'sfdsf] efiff kf7fzfnfdf a;]/
cWoog . dfdfª\v]af6 sIff kfFr ptL0f{ u/]kl5 d]bLa'ª ;+= df= lj=df
sIff gf};Dd cWoog . @)@!–@@ Ps jif{ hlt hgsk'/sf] dl6xfgL
a;f]af; . d]/f] afNoflszf]/fj:yfsf] hLjgqmd oxL xf] .
@)@#–@)#@ ;fndf agf/;df cWoog . ;+:s[t / /fhgLltzf:qdf
:gftsf]Q/, l8Knf]df / @)$@ df efifflj1fgdf ljBfjfl/lw -kLPr\=8L=_ . d}n]
cf}krfl/s lzIffsf lglDt latfPsf ;do log} x'g\ .
@)@^ b]lv hgg]tf aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] agf/; lgjf{;g hLjg latfpg
yfNg'ePkl5 / pxfF;Fu ;Dks{ ePkl5 ljBfyL{ /fhgLltdf ;lqmotf .
@)@*–@)#) df agf/; 5fq kl/ifb\sf] cWoIf . @)#! b]lv @)$@ ;Dd
g]lj;ª\3sf] ;Nnfxfsf/, t?0f k':tsfno, agf/;sf] ;+of]hs . g]kfnL
sf+u]|;sf] d'vkq t?0fsf] ;Dkfbsd08n–;b:o . g]kfnL sfª\u|]; k|rf/
k|;f/ ;dlt;Fu ;Da4tf .
k|hftGq k'ga{xfnLsf lglDt g]kfnL sf+u]|;åf/f ;~rflnt k|hftflGqs
cfGbf]ngdf ;ef, ;Dd]ng, clwj]zg cflbdf ;lqmo ;+nUg . g]kfnL sfFu]|;
s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ k|;f/ ;ldlt–;lrj, ;+of]hs,cg'udg / d"Nof°g ;ldltsf]
;b:o–;lrj Pjd\ s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f cflb;Fu ;Da4 ljleGg bfloTj k"/f
u/]sf] s'/f klg olt a]nf Oltxf; alg;s]sf] 5 .
k|d'v ;Nnfxfsf/–/]l8of] g]kfn @)$& . dxfk|aGws, ;femf k|sfzg @)$(–
)%!, cWoIf @)%^ . sfo{sf/L cWoIf uf]/vfkq ;+:yfg @)%@–@)%# .
;b:o;lrj– g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg @)%^–)^! . Ps bh{ghlt
ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf;Fu cfa4 /x]/ ljleGg k|zf;lgs / ;fdflhs sfo{
;Dkfbg u/]sf] s'/f klg :d[ltdf ;Lldt eO/x]sf 5g\ . olt a]nf ;lDemFbf
hLjgsf] nIo olt dfq klg xf]Ogh:tf] nfU5 .
ljjflxt 5' . 5ØfnL; jif{sf] bfDkTo hLjg clt /fd|f] 5 . kfl/jfl/s
bfloTj Pj+ j}jflxs hLjg ;kmn nfU5 . clwsf+z bDktLx?sf ljifd
cj:yf b]Vbf d cfkm"nfO{ Hofb} s[tfy{ 7fGb5' . kTgL ;'wf dfWolds txdf
cfbz{ lzlIfsf ag]/ cjsfz lnPsL 5g\ . 5f]/f k|df]b, 5f]/L dgLiff / k|ef
tLg hgfn] Pp6f lglZrt cWoog k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . tLgj6}sf] ljjfx
eO;s]sf] / ;Gtfg nfe;d]t ul/;s]sf 5g\ . k|df]b–/lZdsf ;f}Do / ;f}o{,
dgLiff–ljgf]bsf dfg; / ljgd| Pj+ k|ef–clgnsf clk{t–;Gtlt 5g\ .
;+of]un] d]/f] zf/Ll/s ;+/rgfleq klg o; ldlt;Dd Tolt w]/} 3'gk'TnL
nfu]sf] 5}g . t/ of] s'/f cb[Zo zlQmsf sfgdf rflxF gk/f];\ .
k|To]s JolQmsf] JolQmTj / hLjgz}nL km/s km/s x'G5 . Pp6fsf] csf{;Fu
ldNb}g . ;a} Pp6} vfnsf] x'g] xf] eg] ;dfh g} aGb}g .
JolQm JolQmdf km/skm/s cfsf+Iff, OR5f, sfdgfx? x'G5g\ . OR5f Pp6f
afnsdf klg x'G5, j[4df klg x'G5 . OR5f sfdgf gx'g] t dflg; g}
sxnfpFb}g . hLjgqmddf qmdzM cfsfª\Iffx? klg a9\b} hfG5g\ . ;do,
kl/j]z, kl/l:ylt / cj;/sf cfwf/df s]xL OR5f sfdgfx? k"/f eP klg
w]/}h;f] cw"/} /xG5g\ .
olb dflg;n] ;f]r]sf] ;b}j k'Ug] xf] eg] pm o; wtL{df gc6fpg] x'G5 .
To;sf/0f dflg;sf w]/}h;f] rfxgf ;w} cw"/f / ck"/f x'g] ub{5g\ . of]
klg ;Gtf]if lng] cfwf/ xf] .
k9]/ 7"nf] dfG5] aGg] OR5f lyof] . yfxf lyPg s:tf] 7"nf] dfG5] algg] xf]
eg]/ . k|j]lzsf pQL0f{ u/]kl5 vl/bf/ hflu/ vfg] ;Nnfx klg kfPFy]+ .
k9\b} uPF / Pp6f lglZrt 6'Ëf]df k9fOnfO{ k'¥ofPF klg .
k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL /fhgLlts ;ª\3if{df nfu]kl5 hflu/df]x x6\b}
uof] . k|hftGq k'ga{xfnLkl5 r'gfa n8]/ ;f+;b dGqL aGg] OR5f hfu]sf]
klg xf] . t/ sxfFlg/ h'Ogf] v'l:sof], yfxf 5}g . Tof] qmd clxn] :ylut
ePsf] 5 . ;Fu}sf ;fyLx?n] dGqL ag]/ gfd, bfd / w]/} yf]s sdfPsf
5g\ . t/ d cfkm" eg] o;}df ;Gt'i6 g} 5' .
;do;Fu} ;Demf}tf ug'{k5{ k|To]sn] . lrGtf 5}g . ;f]r]/, lrGtf u/]/ rfxgf
k"/f x'Fb}g . tfTsflns, ;d;fdlos ljifonfO{ :jLsfb}{ hfg'k5{ . ljZjf; /
cfzfdf hLljt /x]sf] x'G5 dfG5] .
b'u{d ufpFsf] ;fdfGo kl/jf/df hlGdPsf] x'F . 5f]/f5f]/L–kl/jf/sf] k|fylds
cfjZostf 5fgf, gfgf / vfgf s;/L k"/f ug]{ eg]/ lrGtfu|:t ufpFn]
hghLjg / kl/j]zdf hlGdg]– x'ls{g] afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] eljioaf/] s:tf]
t:jL/ lvRg ;s]sf] x'G5 / <
;ft jif{sf] x'Fbf klxnf]kN6 ;b/d'sfd k'u]/ zlgaf/] xf6sf] eL8 b]Vtf cs}{
b'lgofF, cs}{ ;+;f/df k'u]sf] ;kgfh:t} s:tf]s:tf] cgf}7f] cg'ej u/]sf] s'/f
cfh klg tfh} 5 .
;b/d'sfdd} a;]/ k9\g yfn]kl5 ;xl/of / ufpFn]aLrsf] b"/L yfxf x'Fb}
uof] . ;xl/of ;dsfnLg ljBfyL{sf] nfQL / 3'Rof{OF vfFb}vfFb} klg h;f]t;f]
cfkm\gf] k9fO cl3 a9]sf] ;lDemFbf wGg olQsf]] eOP5h:tf] nfU5 .
sIff ;ft;Dd k9]sf Rofª\yfk'u8Lsf ;'jf; pk|]tLsf] gfr, ufg Ifdtf /
km"lt{kmftL{ b]Vtf cf]xf] Û olt 7"nf] dfG5] x'g kfP eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] .
bflh{lnªsf b;kf; u8L :s'nsf /fO{ ;/h:tf] x'g] ;s]= = eGg] klg nfu]sf]
xf] . k|j]lzsf;Dd k9]sf u'/mk|;fb uf}td klg pbfx/0fLo nfUy] . qmdzM
o:tf w]/} s'/f 5'6\b} uP .
;fg} 5Fbfb]lv g} lktfhLn] xfdLnfO{ uf]7fn] sfd / v]tLkftLaf6 cnu
/fVg'ePsfn] k9\g'k5{ eGg] r]tgf cª\s'l/t ePsf] xf] . To;} sf/0f k9fO;Fu}
c;Gt'li6 klg a9\b} uof] . k9fO / Jofjxfl/s kIf a9\b} hfFbf c;Gt'li6
klg ljsl;t x'Fb} hfFbf]/x]5 . cf];]df cyjf Rofª\yfk'df g} ;Lldt /x]sf] eP
o; hLjgn] c;Gtf]if ug]{ df}s} kfpg] lyPg xf]nf .
@)#^ df klxnf]kN6 /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ b]v]y]+ . xfd|f] /fhwfgL ef/tLo 7"nf
;x/ / /fhwfgLsf] t'ngfdf w]/} cljsl;t / ;fdfGoem}+ nfu] klg uf}/j
dfg]y]F cfkm\gf] /fhwfgL k'Ug kfpFbf . clg @)$@ b]lv oxL /fhwfgLnfO{
a;f]af;s]Gb| agfPsf] 5' . al;/x]sf] 5' . ;x/df]x gx'Fbf klg a;]s} 5' .
cem} klg ;xl/of aGgrflxF ;s]sf] 5}g .
b]zsf clwsf+z lhNnfdf k'u]sf] 5' . ljsl;t ljZjsf sl/a bh{g d'n's
klg b]lv;s]sf] 5' . g]kfn klg log} ljsl;t b]zh:t} x'g ;s] cxf Û
s:tf] x'GYof] eGg] ;f]Rby]F . olt a]nf klg ;f]lr/x]s} 5' .
æcfkm"n] eg]h:t} zf;g;Qf rnfpg] xf] eg] kGw| jif{leq k|To]s g]kfnLn]
cfkm\g} 3/hUuf hf]8\g ;Sg]5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og ef]hg, j:q / cfjf;n]
;';lHht x'g]5 . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9fpg / /f]uLnfO{ cf}iflw Joj:yf ug{
;Sg]5 . g]kfn zfGt, ;d[4 eP/ ljZjs} Pp6f gd"gf d'n'ssf ?kdf
:yflkt x'g]5 .Æ
sl/a krkGg jif{cl3 aL=kL=n] cfkm" k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf eg]sf] s'/fdf,
oxL ljZjf; / cfzfdf aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] l;4fGt, cfbz{ / dfu{bz{gdf
cf:yfjfg\ /xFb} d'n'ssf lglDt cfkm"n] ;s]sf] of]ubfg klg lbFb}cfPsf] x'F .
oltsf w]/} jif{kl5 klg xfd|f] ;dfh cefj, clzIff, /f]u / ljleGg
;d:ofaf6 plQs} h]lnPsf] 5 . a]/f]huf/L / knfogdfq} htftt} b]lvG5 .
d]/f] vf; n]vg Oltxf; t eGg ufx|f] 5, t}klg @)!( ;fndf tfKn]h'ªdf
sIff & df k9\bf ljBfyL{ k|ltof]lutfsf ;Gbe{df Pp6f sljtf n]v]sf] lyPF .
Tof] sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf ;'gfOPsf] lyof] / bf];|f] eP/ $ gDa/sf] vftf /
6]sf] snd k|fKt u/]sf] s'/f cfh klg ;Demgf 5 . To;kl5sf] qmddf
;fdfGotof n]Vb} uOof] / 5flkPsf] rflxF @)@% ;fndf syf 5flkof] …ToxL
/x]5Ú zLif{sdf ;dk{0f eGg] klqsfdf . To;kl5 clxn];Dd ljleGg ljwfsf
8]9 bh{g s[ltx? 5flkPsf 5g\ . Tolt g} ;ª\Vofdf k|sfzgsf lglDt
tof/ kfl/Psf 5g\ . n]Vg] qmd lg/Gt/ 5 .
d]/f] Ond g} n]Vg] ePsf] 5 . aLrdf ;+of]ujz kqsfl/tfdf klg cfkm"nfO{
;+nUg ug'{k¥of] . of] rflxF clnslt k]6 kfNg] qmddf g} xf] . @)$! ;fnlt/
d /fhwfgL ;Ktflxsdf ;+nUg ePF, To;n] ubf{ d]/f] kqsfl/tf n]vg klg
cufl8 a9\of] . clxn] klg d n]lv/x]sf] 5' – ;fKtflxs / b}lgsx?df .
d]/f] n]vgdf vf;} s;}sf] k|]/0ff 5}g .
n]vgaf/] d]/f] cs}{ wf/0ff 5 . of] s;}n] nufOPsf] ljifo xf]Og . n]vs
cfkm}Fn] g} cfkm\g} nflu ;'? u5{ . sf]xL h'jf–tf; v]n]/ ;do latfpF5g\ jf
c? s'g} sfddf nfU5g\ . To:t} tl/sfn] Pp6f efjgfTds cleJolQm ePsf]
cyjf efj's JolQm n]vglt/ nfU5 . n]vg klg p;sf] Pp6f lbgrof{h:t}
x'G5 . n]Vt} hfg] / cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'/fx? ;dfhnfO{ lbFb} hfg] sfd xf]
of] . pBf]udf jf ljsf; lgdf{0fdf olt nufgL u/]sf] 5, o;af6 olt
pTkfbg x'g'k5{ eGg] x'G5 t/ n]vg If]qdf To:tf] s'g} dfkb08 x'Fb}g .
n]vg eg]sf] d"Nofª\sg tyf k'/:sf/sf nflu cQflng'kg]{ ljifo klg
xf]Og .
snd;Fu ;w}+el/ g} cToGt ulx/f] ;DaGw /fv]sf] x'G5' . casf] d]/f] clei6
snd g} xf]nfh:tf] 5 . d}n] o:tf uGyg u/]/ d"n s'/f] g} 5f]8]5' . of]
d"n s'/f xf] – ;Q/L nfu]sf] k|;Ë . clg hLjg / hLjgsf] nIo yfxf
kfpg'kg]{ s'/f .
hLjgsf] s'/f ubf{ hLjg / hLjgsf] arfOaf/] ;f]Rbf k'/fgf cg'ejLsf
ljrf/x? klg a'‰g'kg]{ x'G5–
æd slt lbg afFr]F, uj{ o; s'/fdf xf]Og, s;/L afFr] o; s'/fdf x'g'k5{ . Æ
a]nLsf] egfO dgg ubf{ c? klg y'k|} ljrf/x? cufl8 cfpF5g\ –
æg/fd|f] sfd u/]/ cyjf lgl:qmo eP/ nfdf] ;do afFRg'eGbf pQd sfd u/]/
yf]/} ;do afFRg' /fd|f] xf] . Æ –rf0fSo
æcfkm\gf nflu t ;a} afFR5g\ . o:tf] arfO lg/y{s xf]–kz'sf] arfOh:t} .
kl/jf/, aGw'afGwj, ;dfh / /fi6«n] g} gfd lng], k|z+;f ug]{ sfo{ u/]/ afFRg
;Sg' g} ;fy{s hLjg xf] . Æ k~rtGq
æhLjg Pp6f syf xf] . slt nfdf] xf]Og, slt /fd|f] eGg] . Æ –;]g]sf
ædfgjhLjg cg'ejsf] zf:q xf] . Æ– ljgf]jf efj] .
æc?sf] hLjgsf] cWofF/f] x6fpg ;Sg] eP/ afFRg' oyfy{ arfO xf] . pBd /
sd{xLg arfO d'bf{;dfg xf] . Æ– sfnf{On
hLjgaf/]sf] vf]hL dfgj;[li6;Fu} ePsf] xf]nf . k|frLg j]b, pklgifb\, k'/f0f,
dxfef/t, /fdfo0f, uLtf, afOan, s'/fg, af}4u|Gyx? k|foM ;a}lt/ dflg; /
hLjgaf/]sf] vf]hL e]l6G5 . k|frLg Clifd'lg, 1fgL, WofgL, slj, n]vs
;a}n] hLjgaf/], dflg;sf st{Joaf/] n]v]sf 5g\ . slxNo} klg kf/ gnfUg],
hlt vf]h u/] klg g6'lËg] ljifo /x]5 dflg; . slxNo} glrlgg] / ga'lemg]
/x]5 dflg; . ;Dk"0f{ zf:q / u|Gyx?df hLjgsf] dxÎj / nIoaf/] vf]hL
ePsf] kfOG5 . ;'s/ft, Kn]6f], c/:t', sflnbf; x'Fb} jt{dfg df]xg sf]O/fnf,
ljgo /fjn;d]tn] hLjgs} vf]hL u/]sf lyP .
æxfdL hulGgoGtf, hut\stf{, lbJo u'0fo'Qm O{Zj/sf] Wofg ub{5f}F h;n] xfd|f]
a'l4nfO{ pQd sd{df nufpF5 .Æ
sfd ubf{ub}{ ;lqmo–lg/f]uL /xFb} Ps ;o jif{ afFRg] OR5f ug'{k5{ .
dfgjhLjg eg]s} sd{do hLjg xf] . oh'j]{b–$)÷@ k9]kl5 eg] ;Q/Lsf]
b'vfO s]xL sd eP/ 9'Ss nfU5 .
æx] stf{ Û ltdL ljutdf ul/Psf sd{sf] :d/0f u/ . clg /fd|f / c;n
sfd ub}{ afFsL hLjg latfpm .Æ ;fdj]b (%$ af6 yfxf eof] . ljutsf]
;Demgf ug}{kg]{ /x]5 . clg ;'wfb{} hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . cfhsf] efiffdf
cfTdfnf]rgf ug'{kg]{ /x]5 .
æcfkm\gf ljrf/ afF6\g'df ;'v 5 . c;kmntfnfO{ r'gf}tL 7fg]/ sxfFg]/ q'6L
eof] ;RofP/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ .Æ
æhLJfg?kL gbLsf] dfu{ s7f]/ r§fgn] el/Psf]] x'G5 . t/ wL/ / jL/ ag]/
w}o{;Fu cl3 a9\bf dxf;fu/ e]l6G5 .Æ CUj]b ^÷!*÷@, !)÷%#÷* sf oL
plQmx? k9]kl5rflxF w]/} ;fGTjgf kfPsf] 5' .
o;/L slxn]sfxLF hLjgsf af/]df ;f]Rg] u5'{ . x'g t of] 5'§} ljifo xf] .
hLjgaf/] ;f]Rg] bfz{lgs kIf xf] . clxn]sf] ef]ujfbL o'udf Jofjxfl/s
kIfsf nflu ;'v, ;d[l4, zflGt, ;b\efj oL ;a} ef]u]/ ;'v;on;Fu /fd|/L
afFRg ;Sg' cyjf hLjgsf] af/]df h]hlt u/] klg ;a} e|d / ldYof eGg]
s'/f bz{gdf cfpF5 . hLjg jf:tjdf s]xL klg xf]Og .
ljZj;[li6qmddf hLjg Psl5gsf] kfx'gf xf] . Pp6f hLjgn] jf:tjdf s]xL
klg u/]sf] jf ug{ ;s]sf] h:tf] nfUb}g . To;sf/0f h]hlt ul/G5, Tof]
olt u/]F, plt u/]F eGg' oL ;a} cfkm\gf] cyjf kl/jf/sf] nflu xf] . oL ;a}
:jfy{k"0f{ u/fO x'g\ . olQ xf] ls dfG5]n] hGd]kl5 s]xL ug'{k5{ . ;s];Dd
c?sf nflu s]xL ug{ ;lsof];\ .
hLjg Pp6f dxÎjk"0f{ pknlAw xf] . o; hLjgsf af/]df u'gf;f] ug'{,
vf]hLlgtL u/]/ x'Fb}g . of] s'/f hfGbfhfGb} nlDsg]n] hLjgaf/] ;f]r]/
lg/Yf{s ;do latfpg' x'Fb}g . of] s'/f yfxf eP/ klg ljutlt/
nlDsxflnG5 . ædflg;sf OR5fcfsf+Iffsf] ;Ldf gx'g] /x]5 . t/ cfkm}F
;Lldt aGb} hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . Æ
bL3{hLjgsf lglDt z}zjsfn lrGtfd'Qm / of}jgsfn :jR5Gb x'g'k5{ .
cyf{t\ oL husf 9'Ëf x'g\ eG5g\ . oL b'a} a]nf cfkm\gf To:tf lyPgg\ .
;'ljwfhgs hLjg;Fu} si6bfoL sfo{af6 d'lQm g} a'9\ofO{F /f]Sg] pkfo x'g\ .
To;f] t olt a]nf dg'iosf] cfo'j[l4df ljZj :jf:Yohut\ g} nfu]sf] 5 .
clg ljZjsf w]/} d'n'sx?df h]/f]G6f]nf]hL -j[4zf:q_ cWoog s]Gb|x?
vf]lnPsf 5g\ . a'9\ofOF / o;sf] lg/fs/0fsf] pkfoaf/] wdfwd sfd
eO/x]sf] 5 . d]/f] klg lhhLljiff To;tkm{ 9lNsFb} 5 .
ædfG5]sf] rfnL;kl5 cfFvf sdhf]/ x'g yfN5 . :d/0fzlQm 36\5 . clg
krf;kl5 sfdsf] zlQm sd x'G5 . ;f7Lb]lv t :jfb / kfrg b'a} zlQm
36\5 . dgf]e|+; /f]u nfU5 . cem ;Q/L kl5 t k|foM ;a} OlGb|ox? lzlyn
x'G5g\ . clg cfNt;fOd/-;l7of/f]u_ eGg]n] e]6\5 . Æ
o:tf] ;'g]kl5 emg\ cflQG5', eml:sG5' . uP5 hLjg . Joy}{ eP5 . dg
sxflnG5 . t/ s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] . o; ;Q/LnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsFb}g . k|s[ltsf]
clgjfo{ cfjZostf lyof] of] . ;Q/L cfOk'Uof], e]6\of], ca :jLsfg}{ k5{ .
dfG5]nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] a]nf sf]xL klg ;fyL x'Fb}g . ;'vL–v';L ePsf
a]nf dfq ;fyLx?sf] eL8 nfU5 . ;fyL eP/ dfq} klg x'Fb}g, dd{1 ldq
klg x'g'k5{ eG5g\ .
olt a]nf of] ;Q/Ldf sf] ;fyL aGnf / ca < o:tf] a]nf ;fyL aGg] eg]sf]
dlGb/df :yflkt kTy/sf d"lt{x? dfq x'g ;S5g\ . ;Q/L k'u]kl5sfx?sf]
7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] cfkm\gf] s'/f] ;'lgbg] dfG5]sf] cefj xf] . ;a} Jo:t
x'G5g\ . w]/} s'/f ;'gfpg dg nfU5 t/ ;'lglbg] sf]xL klg x'Fb}g . PSn}
s'l07t eP/ a:g'k5{ . t/ d}n] rflxF of] ;d:of gcfcf];\ eg]/ a]n}b]lv
cWoog / n]vgnfO{ cfkm\gf] cltlk|o / dd{1 ldq agfPsf] 5' .
w]/} cg'ejLn] atfPsf 5g\– hLjg Pp6f Jofkf/ xf]– ;jf]{Rr Jofkf/ . t/
;+;f/sf ax';ª\Vossf] hLjgJofkf/ ;w}+ ;w}+ rn]sf] lyof] / 3f6fdf
rln/x]sf] x'G5 . dfG5]sf] hLjg ;w}+ kL8f, b'Mv, lrGtf, cefj, ;Gqf; /
c;'/Iffaf6 u|:t x'G5 . aflx/ x]bf{ h:tf] b]lvP klg dfG5] ;du|df b'MvL
k|f0fL xf] . jt{dfg ;dodf ;w}+ tLtf] x'Fbf ctLtlt/ kmls{P/ dg axnfpg]
u5{ dfG5]n] . oxfF klg o;} ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] .
;Q/L nfUbf klg d cfkm"nfO{ ck"0f{ 7flg/x]sf] 5' . c;Gtf]if kf]lv/x]sf] 5' .
t/ c?;Fu, s;};Fu xf]Og–cfkm};Fu, cfkm}leq . hLjgsf] ;f/tÎj a'em]/
afFsL ;do ;fy{s latfpg] ;r]ttfrflxF of] ;Q/L k|j]z;Fu} a9\b} 5 .
æhLjgsf] ;fy{stf s'g} p2]Zok|flKtsf lglDt k|lta4tfdf lge{/ ub{5 .
dflg; cfkm\gf] ;°Nk / cf:yfn] oyfy{df dflg; x'G5 .Æ
rfnL; jif{cl3 d]/f] 8fo/Ldf dxfdfgj aL=kL= sf]O/fnfn] pQm jfSo
n]lvlbg'ePsf] lyof] . clxn] o;sf] cy{ a'‰g] k|of;df 5' . hLjgsf] o;
;Q/L k|j]z;Fu aNNf hLjgsf] ;fy{stfaf/] vf]hL ug'{kg]{ a'l4 knfpFb} 5 .
hLjgsf] pj{/ a]nf lalt;s]kl5 ;fy{s hLjg vf]h]/ kf] s] ug'{ < Ps}
r]f6L cg]sf}F k|Zgx? t]l;{Psf 5g\ o; ;Q/L k|j]z;Fu} .
;Q/L jif{ k|j]zsf] kL8fn] /GylgP/ tkfOF{x? ;dIf d}n] w]/} uGyg kf]v]F .
x'g t tkfOFx? sltn] ;Q/L kf/ ug'{ePsf] xf]nf . slt ;Q/Llt/ nlDsFb}
x'g'xf]nf . tkfO{+x?nfO{ rflxF d]/f] ;Q/Ln] kSs} 3f]Rnf . t/ o'jfx? eg]
o:tf] ;Q/Lsf] s'/f] dgdf gNofO{ cfkm\gf] k|ultkydf nlDs/xg'x'g]5 .
)))
ls/0f k':tsfno
tD3f;, u'NdLaf6
Ps bh{geGbf a9L k':tsx¿ k|sflzt
ePsf 5g\ . u'NdLaf/] hfgsf/L k|fKt
ug{ oL k':tsx¿ vf]hL vf]hL k9\g'xf];\ .
sfJodflnsf k9]kl5
 bLg kGyL
tD3f;, u'NdL
clxn] g]kfndf ;+:s[t efiff k9\g], n]Vg] JolQm cToNk 5g\ . To;df klg
/fd|/L efiff–Jofs/0f hfGg], n]Vg] ;[hgfTds k|ltef ePsf / hfFu/ ePsfx?
gu0o 5g\ . ltg} gu0o JolQmdWo] Ps x'g\ 8f= nIdLsfGt kGyL . pgL
/fi6«efiff g]kfnL / ;'/ef/tLdf ;dfg ?kdf ;'dw'/ sljtfsf wf/f
aufpF5g\ . slj kGyLdf Jo'TklQ, cEof; / k|ltef ;a} h'6]sf 5g\ . pgdf
ljåQf / k|ltef j+zk/Dk/f /
;/:jtLsf] j/bfgaf6 k|fKt ePsf]
k|tLt x'G5 . ;fg} pd]/af6 sljtf
/rgf ug]{ /mlr / ;fdYo{ ePsf
slj kGyLsf sljtfx? kl/is[t,
zf:qLo Pj+ snfTds u'0fn]
kl/k"0f{ 5g\ . pgsf k|foM
sljtfx? k"jL{o j}lbs
cfo{;+:s[ltsf] cfbz{kydf
rN5g\ . ev{/} slj nIdLsfGt
kGyLsf] ;+:s[t efiffdf ;[lht
sfJos[lt …sfJodflnsfÚ ls/0f
k':tsfno tD3f;, u'NdLaf6
k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL
;+:s[t sfJok/Dk/fdf o;
s[ltnfO{ Pp6f ljlzi6 pknlAwsf]
?kdf lnOg]5 eGg] cfzf u/f}+ .
u'NdL, w'sf]{6cGtu{t a8frf}/df ;'kl7t kGyLs'ndf hGd]sf nIdLsfGt kGyL
k"jL{o efiff, ;+:s[lt Pj+ wd{zf:qsf w'/Gw/ ljåfg\, :ki6jQmf, ;TofGjoL,
ljrf/jfg\ / k|ltef;DkGg sfJo;|i6f x'g\ . pgL Jojxf/df cToGt ;/n /
cfrf/df lgi7fjfg\ cfl:ts 5g\ . cfkm\gf ;'of]Uo dxfslj lktf k+= eLdsfGt
kGyLsf Ho]i7 k'q nIdLsfGt lktfem}+ sfJo;[hgdf bQlrQ / ;fdYo{zfnL
5g\ . k|To]s If0f ljBfJo;gL logL ;flxTo;fwgfdf tNnLg /xG5g\ . ;+:s[t
efiffsf dxfslj sflnbf;, ef/lj, jfNdLls Pj+ cfkm\g} lktf eLdsfGtaf6
k|efljt nIdLsfGt kGyLsf sljtfdf g]kfnL slj n]vgfy kf}8\ofndf em}+
kl/isf/jfbL k|j[lQ emlNsG5 . slj kGyLn] ljBfyL{ sfnaf6} sljtf n]Vg]
;fwgf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgL tTsfnLg g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgåf/f
cfof]lht sljtf dxf]T;jdf b'O{–b'O{ kN6 k'/:s[t ePsf 5g\ . pgn]
;flxTo;[hgsf nflu hot' ;+:s[td\ ;flegGbg k'/:sf/, s'nrGb| :d[lt
k'/:sf/, dxfslj >Lxif{ k'/:sf/sf ;fy{ cGt/f{li6«o ;+:s[t Pj+ g]kfnL
;flxTo;Dd]ngdf ;Ddfg Pj+ k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . dx]Gb| ljBfe"if0f …sÚ
Pj+ lq=lj= bL3{;]jf kbsaf6 lje"lift kGyLsf g]kfnL Pj+ ;+:s[t efiffdf $
j6f df}lns / $ j6f cg"lbt s[ltx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . cg]s
kqklqsfx?df pgsf c;+Vo n]v, /rgf, sljtfx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
pgn] g]kfnL sfJo Ct'ljrf/ / k|fs[t kf]v/fsf] ;jf{Ë ;'Gb/ / dgd'Uwsf/L
cg'jfb sfJodo?kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . nfdf] ;do lzIff;]jfdf latfPsf
pgn] g]kfnL / ;+:s[t ;flxTodf Pd\=P=, wd{zf:q / bz{gzf:qdf cfrfo{ Pj+
j}lbs wd{;+:s[ltdf ljBfjfl/lw u/]sf 5g\ . pgL wd{zf:q, ;flxTozf:q,
Jofs/0fzf:q / Hof]ltifzf:qsf kf/Ët ljåfg\ dfq xf]Ogg\, k|ltefjfg\
sfJo;|i6f klg x'g\ eGg] l;4 ePsf] 5 .
slj nIdLsfGt kGyLsf] …sfJodflnsfÚ ;+:s[t efiffdf ;+/lrt sfJo /
sljtfsf] ljzfn ;+u|x xf] . o;df Ps Znf]ssf :km'6 kBb]lv ^()
Znf]s;Ddsf sfJofsf/ kB/rgfx? ;dflji6 5g\ . o;df rf/ pGd]if 5g\ .
k|yd pGd]ifdf d+unfr/0f;lxt @# j6f sljtf 5g\ . låtLo pGd]ifdf ;–
;fgf ^^ j6f sljtfx? 5g\ . t[tLo pGd]ifdf (# j6f km'6s/ sljtf 5g\ .
rt'y{ pGd]ifdf …:j–kl/roÚ, …nIdLj}ejd\Ú, …;f/:jtj}ejd\Ú, …huHhggLj}ejd\Ú /
…j+zbz{gd\Ú gfds v08sfJofsf/ nfdf sljtf 5g\ . kl/lzi6cGtu{t ljleGg
kBfTds efj;3g clegGbgkqx? 5g\ h;df ljåfg\ ;|i6fx?k|lt
ljgd|tfsf;fy ;Ddfg JoQm ePsf 5g\ . o; …sfJodflnsfÚ df plgPsf
!*% j6f sljtfsf y'Fufx?df hDdfhDdL tLg xhf/ hlt Znf]s?kL kqx?
5g\ . ;+u|xsf ;a} sljtfx? 5Gbf]a4 5g\ . ltgdf 8]9 bh{g hlt 5Gbsf
k|sf/x? k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . k|foM sljtfx? cfo{;+:s[lt, cfo{dof{bf, j}lbs
wd{;+:s[lt, ;bfrf/, eujTelQm, lkt[dft[elQm, ljBf, ljgo, elQm,
;b\Jojxf/, cWofTd, cfl:tstfk|lt ;dlk{t 5g\ . Jofs/l0fs z'4tfdf slj
;r]t b]lvG5g\ . Jofs/l0fs ljrng, j}rfl/s :vng / 5Gbf]e+u st}
ePsf] b]lvGg . o; ;+u|xsf sljtfx?df l5r/f dgf]j[lQsf t'R5 efjx?
st} JoQm ePsf 5}gg\, pbfQ Pj+ zfZjt efjx? JoQm ePsf 5g\ .
k|:t't ;+u|xsf ;a} sljtfx? snfTds ?kdf pTs[i6 g} 5g\ . kl/isf/jfbL
k|j[lQ c+ufn]sfn] :jR5GbtfjfbL sljtfdf em}+ efj, efiff / ljrf/df t/ntf
Pj+ ljrng x'g] s'/} ePg . slj kGyLsf] sfJodfu{ kl/isf/, g}ltstf,
dof{bf, cf}kb]lzstf / cfo{cfbz{sf] /fhdfu{ xf], o; /fhdfu{df :jR5Gbtf,
c/fhstf, cgLZj/tf, k/Dk/fk|ltsf ljb|f]xh:tf l5r/f k|j[lQx? l6Sg
;Sb}gg\ . bf]if/lxt / u'0f;lxtsf zAbfy{nfO{ sfJo dfGg] kl/kf6LnfO{
c+uLsf/ u/]/ n]lvPsf slj kGyLsf ;+:s[t sljtfx?sf] snfTds kIf
pTs[i6 5, /LltsfnLg sljtfdf em}+ sfJorft'/L k|an 5 . efjnfO{ eGbf
zAbrft'o{ / cy{rft'o{df Wofg lbg] sfJorft'/L oxfF 5 . zf:qLotf Pj+
kl/isf/nfO{ sljn] lgs} Wofg lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF cfn°fl/stf k|z:t 5 .
Pp6} kBdf Zn]if, pkdf / Joª\Uof]lQmsf] k|of]u slt dgd'Uwsf/L 5 . x]/f}+ –
;'zLnf ;/;f Zofdf g–jf–kL–g kof]w/f
e"oft\ j;'dtL /fdf sfi7d08k e"l/j . .
o:t} csf]{ Znf]sdf zf;sx?sf b'i6tf / e|i6tfn] hghLjgnfO{ s;/L
lk/f]n]sf] 5 eGg] lrq0f ub}{ cg'k|f; cn°f/sf] k|of]u slt ;'Gb/ / slt
ljrf/f]Q]hs 5 Û x]/f}+ –
b'i6] /fl1 Sj k|hfgf+ ;'v+ :oft\
rf}/f b'i6f e|i6d'Vof ejlGt .
bLgfM lvGgfM lSni6tf+ oflGt lzi6fM

x[i6f:t'i6fM k'i6tf+ oflGt b'i6fM . .
oL kBx? pbfx/0ffy{ k|:t't ul/Psf x'g\ . …sfJodflnsfÚ df o:t}
ljrf/f]Q]hs Znf]sx? el/k"0f{ 5g\ . …sfJodflnsfÚ sf] z}nL kIf pTs[i6
5 . ;fgf] ;fwgfaf6 o:tf] snfTds prfO 5'g ;lsb}g . sljtfx?df
lgs} uxg / ;3g ljrf/x? k|s6 ePsf 5g\ – 7"nf] Jo'TklQ, cEof; /
k|ltefsf] ;+of]hgaf6 of] ;Dej ePsf] 5 eGg] efjs kf7sn] a'em\g ;S5 .
sljtfx?df ljifosf] Jofks ljljwtf 5 . d+unfr/0fb]lv cWofTd, bz{g,
wd{;+:s[lt, lkt[dft[elQm, :jljrf/, ;bfrf/, ljBf, ljgd|tf, ;Gtf]if, ;/ntf,
;To, ;b\u'0f, cfl:tstf, ;dfh, gLlt, j+zj0f{g, b]zk|]d, u|Gykl/ro,
JolQmkl/ro, ldqk|z+;f, j}jflxs lgdGq0ffsf ljifo;d]t snfTds?kdf
o;df k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . sljtfdf /;ljljwtfsf] sdL 5 . k|foM sljtfx?
k|;fb u'0f, j}beL{ /Llt / zfGt /;n] el/k"0f{ 5g\ .
…sfJodflnsfÚ leqsf ;d:t sljtfx? k"0f{tM kl/dflh{t / kl/is[t 5g\ .
ltgdf ;'b[9 k|f}9tf 5 . r~rn efj'stfsf] k|j]z ToxfF 5}g . zf:qLotf,
kl/isf/, g}ltstf, dof{bf, pTs[i6tf h:tf s'/fn] …sfJodflnsfÚ k"0f{tM
kl/isf/jfbL 5 . ;+:s[t efiffdf /lrt ;';+:s[t efjn] o'Qm oL sljtfdf
;+j]u xf]Og, ;':ki6 ljrf/ 5g\ . …sfJodflnsfÚ sf sljtfsf] ljrf/kIf :ki6
5 . j]b, k'/f0f / wd{zf:qcg'df]lbt ;+:s[lt / cfrf/ljrf/k|lt sljsf]
c6'6 >4fefj b]lvG5 . cWofTdjfbL cfl:ts bz{gaf6 pgL k|efljt 5g\ .
…sfJodflnsfÚ k9]kl5 nfU5 – slj g}ltstfsf kIfdf 5g\, ;Tosf] kIfdf
5g\, ;/ntf / ;bfrf/sf] kIfdf 5g\ . g}ltstf / ;bfrf/sf] v8]/L k/]sf]
o; o'udf …sfJodflnsfÚ sf k|To]s k'ikx? cfz / rfv nfUbf 5g\ .
sljtfdf st} klg sljsf] cx+efj b]lvGg, ;j{q ljgd|tf, ;/ntf,
cfl:tstf dfq b]lvG5 . :jkl/ro, j+zkl/rodf klg st} cx°f/ 5}g,
;j{q cu|hk|lt cfb/efj, :jwd{ / ;+:s[ltk|lt >4fefj k|s6 ePsf 5g\ .
sljdf d]wf, k08f / k|ltefsf] cg'kd ;+of]uljgf o:tf] ;fy{s s[ltsf] pbo
;Dej lyPg . o;df hlt sfJo–sljtfx? 5g\ tL ;xh 5g\, sgLs'yL
n]lvPsf xf]Ogg\, cj:yf ljz]ifdf :km'/0f eO{ :jfGtM ;'vfo /lrPsf k|tLt
x'G5g\ . ;+:s[t 5Gbdf ljz]ifflwsf/ /fVg] sljn] sljtfnfO{ dgdflkms
grfPsf 5g\ . sljsf v08sfJofsf/ /rgfx? lgs} k|f}9 5g\ .
…nIdLj}ejd\Ú cfsf/sf b[li6n] o;df ;dflji6 sfJodf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 5 .
:t'ltsfJo eGg ;lsg] of] sfJos[lt ;flxlTos b[li6n] lgs} snfTds 5 .
ljleGg cn+sf/x?sf] k|of]un], plQmj}lrœon], elQmefjn], zfGt/;sf] k|of]un]
sfJo lgs} x[bo:kzL{ 5 . dftf dxfnIdLsf] ;jf{Ë j0f{g;fysf] :t'lt lgs}
/f]rs 5, dfld{s 5 / elQm/;n] cf]tk|f]t 5 . csf]{ k|aGwfTds sfJos[lt
…:jkl/roÚ cfkm\g} hLjgj[QfGt xf] . …:jkl/roÚ eP klg o;df t[tLo k'/mif
syg k4ltsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . o;df sljsf] ;du| hLjg ;f/;+If]kdf
JoQm ePsf] 5 . o;df 3/ / dfjnLtkm{sf cu|h dfGoj/x?sf] gfdf]Nn]v
5 . o;df hGde"ldsf] k|fs[t ;f}Gbo{ lrlqt 5 . lktfdftfk|lt cToGt
elQmefj 5 . u'/mx?k|lt cfb/ / >4fefj 5 . ljåfg\ eO{sg klg æcfkm"
kf/Ët x'g g;s]sf] u'/ms[kfaf6 lsl~rt\ n]Vg l;s]sf]Æ h:tf gd|tf k|bz{g
ug'{ sljsf] pRr ;+:sf/sf] kl/rfos ag]sf] :ki6 5 . sljn] o;df
cfkm\gf] cWoog, k]zf, n]vgsfo{, /mlr / lgi7fsf af/]df klg rrf{ u/]sf
5g\ . o;df tLy{ofqf / kfl/jfl/s lrq0f klg 5g\ . of] s[lt sfJofTds,
;'dw'/ / ljgd|tfk"0f{ 5 . sfJodflnsfd} plgPsf] csf]{ sfJos[lt …;f/:jt
j}ejd\Ú xf] . o;df !)( Znf]s /x]sf 5g\ . ljBfsL b]jL ;/:jtL, lktfdx
b]jLk|;fb / lktf eLdsfGtsf] :d/0fk"j{s k|f/De ePsf] o; sfJodf rf/
v08 5g\ / ltgdf hDdfhDdL !)( Znf]s 5g\ . k|yd v08df cfkm\g}
OR5fx? k"/f xf]pmg\ egL k|fy{gf ul/Psf] 5 . bf];|f] v08df …g]kfnlrqd\Ú 5
h;df g]kfnsf] ljut / jt{dfgsf] ;hLj lrq lvlrPsf] 5 . o; v08df
jt{dfg g]kfnsf] b'/j:yfsf] klg lrq0f 5 . bnLo Joj:yfn] NofPsf
lj;+ult / ljs[ltdfly o;df tLj| JoËo klg b]lvG5 . o; sfJodf jt{dfg
o'usf] lj;+ut lrq lrlqt 5 . h:t} M
/f]uftf{ b'lvgM ;lGt gf}ifw+ gf}ifwfnoM .
lrlsT;s:tq gfl:t sy+ hLjlGt /f]lu0fM <..
×
g]kfn:o wg+ /Do+ jg+ xl/tzf]letd\ .
k':ts] k7gLo+ tb\ jg+ kl/0ft+ wg] ..
×
bnxLgM sy+ lti7]b\ < bnxLgZrn]t\ syd\ <
bnxLgZr ls+ s'of{t\ < bnxLgf] g hLjlt ..
×
pb]lt lgb{nM ;"of]{ hn+ jxlt lgb{nd\ .
;"o{:tfk+ hn+ zLtdk{o]t] lg/Gt/d\ ..
…;f/:jt j}ejd\Ú sfJosf …jfUj}ejd\Ú / …c/mGwtL;+:tjMÚ eGg] t];|f] / rf}yf]
v08df ljBfsL b]jL ;/:jtL / c?GwtLsf] lgjf; dfG5]sf] lhe|fdf x'G5 .
dfG5]sf] lhe|faf6 jf0fL k|s6 x'G5 . To:tf] ljBfsf] lgjf;:yndf /S;L–
df;'n] xf]Og, b"w / £o"n] eg'{k5{ eGg] efj /x]sf] 5 . sfJodflnsfd}
;°lnt csf]{ k|aGw sfJo …huHhggL j}ejd\Ú xf] . o;df k|f/Dedf
…k'/f]jfrÚ, …pkqmdÚ ;lxt ;ft ;u{ 5g\ . cGtdf pk;+xf/ 5 . o;df
huHhggL dxfzlQmsf] sfJofTds :t'lt /x]sf] 5 . lzjzlQmsf] ?kdf
lrq0f :tjg ubf{ g]kfnsf] lrq0f klg ;'Gb/ z}nLdf ul/Psf] 5 . sljn]
cfl:tstfl;t} b]zelQmsf] efjgfnfO{ klg d"t{ ?k lbPsf 5g\ .
o;} ;+u|xdf sljsf] …j+zbz{gd\Ú gfds k|aGwsfJo klg /x]sf] 5 . o;df
…cfd'vd\Ú, …dËnd\Ú sf cltl/Qm rf/ ;f]kfg 5g\ h;df #*% Znf]sx? /x]sf
5g\ . …cfd'vd\Ú df j+zj0f{g ug{ k|f/De u/]sf] ;"rgf 5 eg] …dËnd\Ú
dËnfr/0f xf] h;df ;j{k|yd lktf eLdsfGt / dftf gLndfofnfO{
lzjzlQm:j?k dfg]/ k|blIf0ff ug]{ OR5f JoQm ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] j+zk|lt
cfb/ >4fefjaf6 sfJo k|f/De ePsf] 5 . o; sfJodf lktfk'qLsf]
k|Zgf]Q/af6 j+zj0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . k|yd ;f]kfgdf h]7L 5f]/L elQmsf k|Zgsf]
pQ/ lbb} ef/åfh uf]qLo j+zk/Dk/f / kGyL y/sf] pTklQsf] j0f{g 5 .
låtLo ;f]kfgdf dflxnL 5f]/L efjgfsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbb} slj lktfn]
ef/åfh uf]qLo kGyL–jfUn]sf xfFufla+ufx?sf] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . t[tLo
;f]kfgdf ;flxnL 5f]/L ;fwgfsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbb} sljn] a8frf}/]
kGyLx?sf] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . o;df cfkm\gf lktf eLdsfGt, lkt[Jo gLnfDa/
/ z]v/gfysf ljåQf / k|Vofltsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . rt'y{ ;f]kfgdf sfG5L
5f]/L r]tgfsf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lbb} sljn] ljleGg :yfgdf 5l/Psf
kGyLx?sf j+zsf] j0f{g ub}{ cGtdf tD3f;] kGyLx?sf] j+zlj:tf/sf] j0f{g
u/]sf 5g\ .
o; ;fgf] l6kf]6df …sfJodflnsfÚ sf] ;dLIff ;Dej 5}g . ;fdfGo kl/rosf]
nflu hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;'/ef/tLdf sfJofTds ?kdf k|:t't …sfJodflnsfÚ
n] k|frLgtf / cfw'lgstf b'a}nfO{ ;DemfPsf] 5 . o;n] w]/} ljifoj:t'
;d]6]sf] 5 . ljifox? ;fwf/0f klg 5g\ t/ sljtfx? ;fwf/0f 5}gg\ .
o;df ;°lnt ;a} sljtfx? kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t 5g\ / ltgn] gLlt,
;b\efj / wd{sf] af6f] atfPsf 5g\ . :jj+z, :jhflt, :jb]z, :jwd{k|lt
cfb/efj, lkt[elQm / cfWoflTdstf o; s[ltsf j0o{ ljifo x'g\ eGg
;lsG5 . sljsf] efiffdf clwsf/, zf:q1fg, ;[hg ;fdYo{n] :jtM sljsf]
j}b'io k|s6 x'G5 . sljtf k9\bf sflnbf;, ef/lj / jfNdLlssf] :d/0f
x'G5 . ;xhtf, cfn°fl/stf, sfJorft'o{, bfz{lgstf / cfl:ts efj slj
kGyLsf pNn]vgLo kIf x'g\ . ljBfb]jLn] ;bf pgnfO{ j/bfg lbO/x"g\ .
nIdLb]jLn] pgnfO{ ;bf oz, P]Zjo{ k|bfg ul//x"g\, huHhggLn] ;bf
pgnfO{ :j:y agfpmg\ eGg] sfdgf ub}{ ;bf pgsf dgd'Uwsf/L sljtf
k9\g kfO/x"F eGg] OR5f;fy sljsf] ;':jf:Yo / bL3{hLjgsf] nflu
huGgLoGtf;Fu k|fy{gf u5'{ .
)))
sf7df8f}+ / a'6jnsf …xfd|f] k'/miffy{{Úsf :yfoL / cfhLjg
u|fxsx?n] lgDglnlvt k':ts k;naf6 cfkm\gf] kl/ro–
kq b]vfP/ ljj/0f n]vfO{ …xfd|f] k'/miffy{{Ú klqsf a'em]/
n}hfgsf nflu xfdL cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
e08f/L a'S; P08 :6]zg/Lh lxdfno a'S; xfp;
eQmk'/ a;:6k glhs} dl0fky, ldngrf]s, a'6jn–!!, ?kGb]xL
afuahf/, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g g+= )&!–%$!))(
kmf]g g+= $@$!$*%÷@^)()^
xfd|f] k'/miffy{ -q}dfl;s_

ls/0f k':tsfno, tD3f;, u'NdL
lhGbuL
 ljgf]b g]kfn
kf]v/fyf]s, kfNkf
eo+s/ h+3f/,
sxfnL nfUbf uN5]+8f
8/nfUbf eL/,kx/fx?,
Ps kl5 csf]{ u/L,
kf/ ub}{ prfO r'Dbf,
cufl8,
cefjsf r'r'/fx?,
oxL t xf] lhGbuL xfdLn] ef]u]sf],
oxL g xf] lhGbuL xfdLn] a'em]sf] .
t/
em]Nb}em]Nb} log} ;a,
ha k'uL g} ;lsof] ToxfF;Dd eg],
lsg cQflng' <
lsg xtfl;g' <
oxL xf] lhGbuL
oxL xf] lgolt,
xfF:g'k5{ log};Fu,
afFRg'k5{ log}aLr,
/dfpg'k5{ log};+usf] ;xofqfdf
v} s] g} kf] 5 / Û
o;sf] csf]{ ljsNk <
cflv/,
;+3if{sf] csf]{ gfd t xf] lhGbuL .
)))
afns[i0f ;dsf] …d's'Gb OlGb/fÚ
gf6sdf /; ;+/rgf
 8f= z+s/k|;fb u}/]
pk–k|fWofks M lqe'jg ax'd'vL SofDk;,
tfg;]g, kfNkf
!=!= n]vs kl/ro
g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|yd cfw'lgs gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;dsf] hGd lj=;+=
!(%( ;fn df3 @$ ut] ;d/ zdz]/ / sLlt{/fHonIdLsf k'qsf ?kdf
1fg]Zj/ sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] -e§/fO{, @)$) M @!*_ . tTsfnLg b/af/
xfO :s"naf6 sIff bz;Ddsf] cWoog u/L snsQfaf6 Dofl6«s pQL0f{
u/]sf ;dn] lqrGb| sn]haf6 cfO=P:;L= ;Ddsf] cf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt
u/] . kfl/jfl/s k/Dk/fcg';f/ ;}lgs ;]jfdf ;+nUg x'g'k/]sf]n] pgn]
cf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;s]gg\ tfklg :jfWoogsf] ann] 1fg,
lj1fg / snfsf] If]qdf /fd|f] bIftf xfl;n u/] . ;dsf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf /
g]kfnL ;flxTosf] If]qdf pgn] u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnon] ;flxTo ljBfjfl/lw -ljz]if pkflw, @)@(_ k|bfg u¥of] -pxL_.
g]kfnL ;flxTodf gf6\o;d|f6\sf] pkflwåf/f lje"lift ;dn] bh{gf}F k"0ff{°L
gf6s tyf Psf°L gf6sx? l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . lr;f] r'Nxf] h:tf]
dxfsfJo n]v]/ k|of]ujfbL dxfsljsf] ?kdf :yflkt ag]sf ;d g]kfnL
sljtfsf] If]qdf kl/isf/jfbL bfz{lgs sljJolQmTjsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5g\ .
cfw'lgs g]kfnL lgaGwsf] If]qdf j:t'k/s lgaGw n]vgsf cu|0fL ;|i6fsf
?kdf kl/lrt ;d oyfy{jfbL syfsf/, cg'jfbs tyf ;dLIfs x'g\ . g]kfnL
;flxTosf] ;]jf u/]afkt ;dnfO{ ;femf k'/:sf/ -@)@*_, uf]/vf blIf0fafx'
-@)@*_, lqe'jg k'/:sf/ -@)@(_, k[YjL k|1f k'/:sf/ -@)#%_ åf/f ;Ddflgt
ul/Psf] 5 -n'O6]n, @)%$ M !#(_ .
afns[i0f ;dsf] ;flxToofqfsf] yfngL sljtf n]vgaf6 ePsf] xf] .
tTsfnLg b/af/sf] gf6\od~rLo jftfj/0faf6 k|efljt ;d gf6s n]vgdf
cfslif{t eP / o;} ljwfaf6 cfk"mnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTodf :yflkt ug{ ;kmn
eP . /rgfsf b[li6n] pgsf] klxnf] gf6s ldlngb xf], h'g k|sflzt x'g
;s]g . ;dsf] bf];|f] gf6s tfg;]gsf] em/L xf] . !(&( df n]lvPsf] of]
gf6s @)@& ;fndf dfq k|sflzt eof] . n]vgsf b[li6n] ;dsf] t];|f]
gf6s d'6'sf] Joyf k|sfzgsf b[li6n] klxnf] xf] . !(*^ ;fndf k|sflzt of]
gf6s Psflt/ afns[i0f ;dnfO{ gf6ssf/sf] ?kdf lrgfpg] klxnf]
cf}krfl/s s[lt xf] eg] csf]{lt/ g]kfnL gf6snfO{ cfw'lgssfndf k|j]z
u/fpg] tyf g]kfnL gf6sdf klZrd]nL b'MvfGt gf6\ok|j[lQnfO{ leqØfpg]
klxnf] df}lns gf6s xf] . o; gf6sn] afns[i0f ;dnfO{ k|yd cfw'lgs
gf6ssf/sf] ?kdf lrgfPsf] 5 . k"jL{o gf6\o k|j[lQsf] b[li6sf]0fn] k|Xnfb
-!((%_ ;dsf] ;jf{lws nf]slk|o gf6s xf] eg] k|]dlk08 -@))(_ kfZrfTo
b'MvfGt dxfgf6ssf] ?kdf ;jf{lws rlr{t 5 . pgnfO{ g]kfnL gf6ssf]
If]qdf :yflkt ug]{ cGo rlr{t gf6sx?df w|'j -!(*^_, d's'Gb OlGb/f
-!(($_, cGwj]u -!((^_, eQm efg'eQm -@)))_, d -@))^_, cd/l;+x
-@)!)_, tndfly -@)!!_, cldt jf;gf -@)!^_, eLd;]gsf] cGTo -@)##_,
df]tL/fd -@)##_, :jf:gLdfG5] -@)#$_, pm d/]sL 5}g -@)#%_ k"0ff{°L x'g\
eg] Psf°Ltk{m af]S;L -!(((_, et]/ -@)!)_, tkf]e"ld -@)!$_, rf/ Psf°L
-@)@)_, df6f]sf] ddtf -@)@^_, la/fdL / s'/mjf -@)@&_ k|sflzt 5g\ .
ax';ª\Vos gf6\os[ltx?sf] n]vg tyf k|sfzg u/]sf ;dsf gf6\os[ltx?
ljljwtfn] o'Qm 5g\ . pgsf gf6\os[ltx?nfO{ cfofdsf b[li6n] k"0ff{°L /
Psf°Ldf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . nosf b[li6n] ;dsf gf6sx?nfO{ uB /
kB gf6sdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; cfwf/df k|Xnfb cflb kB /
k|]dlk08 cflb uB gf6scGtu{t kb{5g\ . logsf d's'Gb OlGb/f cflb
sltko gf6sdf uB kBsf] ld>0f kfOG5 . cGTosf b[li6n] ;dsf
gf6sx? ;'vfGt / b'MvfGt k|j[lQsf b]lvG5g\ . k|Xnfb, d's'Gb OlGb/f
cflb ;'vfGt gf6s x'g\ eg] d'6'sf] Joyf, k|]dlk08 cflb b'MvfGt gf6s
x'g\ . ljifosf b[li6n] logsf gf6sx? tLg k|s[ltsf 5g\ – P]ltxfl;s
-h:t} M eLd;]gsf] cGTo, cd/l;+x cflb_, kf}/fl0fs -h:t} M k|Xnfb, w|'j
cflb_ / ;fdflhs -h:t} M d'6'sf] Joyf, d's'Gb OlGb/f cflb_ . ;dsf
gf6\os[ltx?nfO{ cem ;"Id ?kdf klg ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .
!=@= s[lt kl/ro
;dsf gf6sx?dWo] d's'Gb OlGb/f k"0ff{°L gf6s xf] . n]vgsf b[li6n] kfFrf}F
/ k|sfzgsf b[li6n] t];|f] ;dsf] of] gf6s !(($ ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf]
xf] . ;fdflhs ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eP/ n]lvPsf] of] gf6s k|sfzgsf
b[li6n] g]kfnL ;flxTos} klxnf] cfw'lgs ;'vfGt gf6s xf] -;'j]bL, @)%( M
(!_ . kfFr c°df ljeQm o; gf6sdf klxnf] c°df tLg, bf];|f] c°df tLg,
t];|f] c°df kfFr, rf}yf] c°df rf/ / kfFrf}F c°df tLgj6f u/L hDdf
c7f/j6f b[Zox? 5g\ . k|To]s b[Zodf d~r;+/rgfsf] ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v
ul/Psf] o; gf6sdf uB / kB b'a} efiffsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
!=#= /;l;4fGt
;flxTo l;h{gfsf ljleGg k|of]hgx?dWo] Pp6f dxÎjk"0f{ k|of]hg kf7snfO{
cfgGb k|bfg ug'{ xf] . gf6ssf] ;Gbe{df cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ kf7sx? geO{
bz{s x'G5g\ . cleg]tf cleg]qLx? -cyf{t\ gf6\osnfsf/÷kfqx?_ n]
clegosf] dfWodaf6 bz{sx?nfO{ cfgGb k|bfg ub{5g\ . /Ëd~rdf
kfqx?n] ug]{ clegoaf6 pTkGg x'g] k|]d, 3[0ff, qmf]w, ljt[i0ff, eo cflbnfO{
k"jL{o gf6\ozf:qdf /; elgPsf] 5 . k"jL{o gf6\o -sfJo_ zf:qdf /;sf]
lj:t[t ljj]rgf u/L /; l;4fGtsf] :yfkgf ug]{ k|yd cfrfo{ e/td'lg x'g\
-pkfWofo, @)%% M !(_ . k"jL{o sfJozf:qLx?n] gf}j6f /;sf] rrf{ u/]sf
5g\ M– z[ª\uf/, xf:o, s/m0f, /f}b|, jL/, eofgs, cb\e't, jLeT; / zfGt .
oL /;x?dWo] sltko /;x?sf e]b pke]bx?;d]t b]vfOPsf 5g\ . e/t
d'lgn] /;lgiklQnfO{ g} gf6\ol;h{gfsf] k|d'v p2]Zo dfg]sf lyP t/
cfw'lgs ;flxTo l;4fGtx?df k|ToIf ?kdf /;nfO{ dxÎj lbOPsf] /
/;s]lGb|t gf6\o;dfnf]rgf ul/Psf] b]lvFb}g -pkfWofo, @)%) M ^#_ .
gf6\os[ltsf] ;dLIffsf qmddf /; l;4fGtnfO{ dxÎj glbOP klg /;ljxLg
gf6\ol;h{gf x'g ;Sb}g -pxL_ . s'g} klg gf6sdf Ps jf cg]s /;x?
k|ltkfbg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . sltko gf6sdf Psflws /;x? cËL /;sf]
?kdf k|ltkfbg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ tfklg k|foM gf6sx?df s'g} Ps /; cËL
/; / cGo s]xL /;x? cË /;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 .
!=$= d's'Gb OlGb/fdf z[·f/ /;
;dsf gf6sx?dWo] /;k|ltkfbgsf b[li6n] …d's'Gb OlGb/fÚ gf6ssf] ljz]if
dxÎj 5 . gj/;x?dWo] k|foM w]/}h;f] /;x?sf] k|of]u ePsf] o; gf6sdf
z[Ëf/ /; cËL /;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] 5 . gf6ssf d'Vo kfq d's'Gb
/ OlGb/fsf] j}jflxs ;DaGw / OlGb/fsf] d's'Gbk|ltsf] PstkmL{ k|]d o;
gf6ssf] k|d'v kIf xf] . To;sf/0f of] gf6s z[Ëf/ /;k|wfg aGg k'u]sf]
5 . d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf k|o'Qm z[Ëf/ /;nfO{ ljk|nDe z[Ëf/ tyf
;Def]u z[Ëf/ b'a} sf]0faf6 x]g'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . of] gf6s ;+of]ufGt gf6s
ePsf]n] o;df ;Def]u z[Ëf/sf] k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 . jiff}{Fb]lv la5f]8
ePsf kltkTgL d's'Gb / OlGb/fsf] ldng gf6ssf] ;Def]u z[Ëf/ xf] . of]
gf6s ;+of]ufGt eP/ klg gf6snfO{ ljk|nDe z[Ëf/ /;k|wfg gf6s dfGg'kg]{
x'G5 . z[Ëf/ /;sf] :yfoLefj k|]d xf] . k|]d d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6ssf] d]?b08
xf] . h;nfO{ gf6sdf OlGb/fsf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . OlGb/fsf]
d's'Gbk|ltsf] k|]d pRr txdf k'u]/ elQmsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf]
klt d's'Gbn] s'g} jf:tf gu/]/ lt/:s[t ubf{ klg d's'Gbsf] cfk"mk|ltsf]
lt/:sf/k"0f{ Jojxf/sf] jf:tf g} gu/L d's'Gbk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] k|]dnfO{ crn,
cljrlnt / b[9 /fVg] OlGb/fsf] k|]d PstkmL{ k|]dsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
d's'Gb pRr lzIffsf] nflu snsQf hfg' / OlGb/fnfO{ s'g} jf:tf gug'{,
OlGb/fn] cfkm\gf] ;fdLKodf gePsf] / cfk"mk|lt s'g} jf:tf gug]{ d's'Gbk|lt
b]vfPsf] k|]d ljk|nDe k|]d xf] . k"jL{o ;flxTozf:qdf s/m0f /;nfO{ z[Ëf/
/;sf] lj/f]wL u'0f dflgPsf] 5 -pxL, ^#_ tfklg d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf
OlGb/fsf] d's'Gbk|ltsf] PskIfLo k|]dn] sf/ml0fs cj:yfsf] l;h{gf u/]sf]
5 . h;n] ubf{ o; gf6sdf s/m0f /; z[Ëf/ /;sf] ;xof]uL ag]/ k|:t't
ePsf] 5 .
!=$=!= ljk|nDe z[Ëf/
gf6ssf] cf/Deb]lv g} d's'Gbk|lt OlGb/fsf] pRr k|]d / d's'Gbsf]
OlGb/fk|ltsf] a]jf:tf b]vfOg', d's'GbnfO{ 3/ kmsf{P/ OlGb/fnfO{ cfkm\gf] k|]d
k|fKt ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfOlbg] ejb]jsf] k|oTgnfO{ d's'Gbn] ;xh ?kdf
:jLsf/ gug'{, OlGb/fsf] k/LIf0f u/]/ pm pQL0f{ x'g ;s]df dfq :jLsfg{
tof/ x'g', OlGb/f x/]s k/LIf0fdf pQL0f{ x'Fb} uPkl5 emg\eGbf emg\ s7f]/
k/LIff lng'h:tf gf6sLo 36gfx?df OlGb/fsf] k|]d emg\eGbf emg\ a9L
vfl/P/ b]lvPsf] 5 . OlGb/f k|]d k/LIf0fdf pQL0f{ x'Fb} uPkl5 Unflgaf]w
u/]sf] d's'Gbn] pN6} k|folZrQsf] gfddf hf]uL eP/ hLjg latfpg] ljrf/
JoQm ug'{ / OlGb/fnfO{ v's'/L k|xf/ u/]/ cfk"mnfO{ dfg{ k|]l/t u/]sf
36gfx?, OlGb/fn] xltof/ k|of]u u/]/ d's'GbnfO{ 3fOt] t'NofOlbg'n]
gf6sdf ljof]ufGtsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ k|ltIf0f tLa| ?kdf ljsl;t u5{ .
To;sf/0f o; gf6snfO{ ljk|nDe z[Ëf/ /;k|wfg gf6s dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .
o; gf6sdf OlGb/fn] d's'GbnfO{ slt dfof u5]{ eGg] s'/f sltko 7fpFdf
OlGb/fsf] s'/f / Jojxf/af6 k|s6 ePsf] 5 eg] sltko 7fpFdf cGo kfqsf]
dfWodaf6 k|:t't ePsf] 5 .
d's'Gb;Fusf] ljof]usf] sf/0f pTkGg OlGb/fsf] cj:yfk|lt lrlGtt OlGb/fsf
;;'/f -d's'Gbsf lktf_ ?kgf/fo0f o:tf] eG5g\ – æz[Ëf/sf] h'g;'s} j:t'
xf];\, p;sf] hLp 5'g]lalQs} hf]uL b]lvG5–n'ufsf] /ftf] /Ë . p;n] nfpg]
lalQs} u]? x'G5 . p;sf] lgwf/sf] l;Gb"/ lje"lt b]lvG5 . p;sf] 3fF6LnfO{
a]gf{;fy dfnfsf] d'uf /mb|fIf aGb5g\, t/ pm rflxF hf]lugLsf] emf]nLleq
n's]sf] kljq z[Ëf/ h:t} b]lvG5]Æ -;d, @)%% M &_ . kltljof]usf] lrGtfn]
ljof]lugL ag]sL OlGb/fsf] cj:yfsf ljifodf ?kgf/fo0fsf] of] cleJolQm
hLjGt 5 . of}jgfj:yfdf kltsf] ;flGgWo, dfof÷k|]d kfpg'kg]{df pN6}
kltaf6 lt/:s[t ag]/ klg kltk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] k|]d /lQe/ sd x'g glbg'n]
ljof]udf hn]sL OlGb/fsf] hLjg kltk|]dL ljof]lugLaf6 klteQm of]lugLdf
kl/0ft aGg vf]h]sf] 5, h;n] ubf{ z[Ëf/ hf]uLh:tf], /ftf]/Ësf] n'uf
u]?h:tf], l;Gb"/ lje"lth:tf], d'ufsf] dfnf /mb|fIfh:tf] b]lvg k'u]sf] 5 t/
To:tf] elQmdf ljn'Kt hf]uLsf] emf]nLleq OlGb/fsf] kltk|]d / p;s} k|tLIff
ul//x]sf] z[ª\uf/ n's]sf] 5 .
OlGb/f d's'GbnfO{ cf}wL dfof u5]{ . OlGb/fsf] d's'Gbk|lt slt dfof 5 eGg]
s'/f /fdfo0fsf] k':tsleq p;n] d's'Gbsf] t:jL/ /fVg'af6 klg :ki6
x'G5 . k':tsleqsf] /Ë p8]/ glrlgg] ePsf] pQm t:jL/nfO{ ;°]t ub}{
ejb]j eG5g\–
s]xL cfsf/n] dfG5] xf] ls z°f 5, TolQ xf],
gq sfuh xf] vfln cyjf t;jL/ xf], -pxL M !)_
o; cleJolQmaf6 Tof] t:jL/sf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 eGg] ;xh ?kdf a'‰g
;lsG5 . ejb]jsf] egfOsf] k|To'Q/df ?kgf/fo0fsf] cleJolQm, æk/Gt'
OlGb/f cfkm\gf] d's'Gb o;df ;kmf b]VbL xf]Æ -pxL_ . af6 OlGb/fsf]
d's'Gbk|ltsf] k|]dsf] prfOnfO{ lrgfpF5 . kltk|]ddf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sL OlGb/fnfO{
klt d's'Gbsf] ;'Gb/ t:jL/ rflxFb}g a; Pp6f sfuhsf] 6'qmf hf] slxNo}
d's'Gbsf] t:jL/ lyof] To;}nfO{ d's'Gbsf] ;'Gb/ t:jL/ dfg]/ c?af6 n'sfP/
/fVg' kltk|]dsf] pRr k|:t'lt xf] . 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn] ;~r} 5 < egL ;f]4f
æolb ;~rf] 5 pxfFnfO{ eg] ;a, ;+;f/nfO{ ;~r} 5Æ -pxL M %&_ eGg'n]
OlGb/fsf] k|]d d's'Gbk|lt slt ulx/f] 5 eGg] k|:6 x'G5 .
OlGb/fsf] cj:yf a'‰g] p2]Zon] p;sf] sf]7fdf uPsf ejb]j / OlGb/fsf]
s'/fsfgLsf qmddf d's'Gbn] cfk"mnfO{ jf:tf gu/]sf] egL ejb]jnfO{ b'Mv];f]
kf]V5] . æs] ug]{ t ltdL egÆ egL ejb]jn] k|Zg ubf{ ækfP hfGy]F pxLF cfk}mÆ
-pxL M !@_ eGg] OlGb/fsf] cleJolQmdf OlGb/f d's'GbnfO{ e]6\g slt cft'/
5] eGg] k|i6 x'G5 . s'g} klg k|]dLsf jf kTgL ha k|]dL jf klt ljof]udf
Jofs'n x'G5g\, pgLx?nfO{ sltv]/ -sltl56f]_ k|]dL÷kltnfO{ e]6'F eGg]
WofpGgf x'G5 . pko'{Qm OlGb/fsf] d's'GbnfO{ e]6\g] cft'/tf klg ToxL cj:yf
xf] .
kltljof]un] cfxt OlGb/fsf] bogLo cj:yf b]Vg g;sL d's'GbnfO{ vf]h]/
Nofpg] lg0f{o u/L lxF8\g nfu]sf ejb]jn] s] ;Gb]z k7fpF5\of} < egL ;f]4f
s]xL gaf]n]/ vf6df 3f]K6f] k/L /f]PsL OlGb/fnfO{ b]v]/ æe}uf] of] cfF;' g}
xf]nf ltd|f] ;Gb]zsf] d;LÆ -pxL M !@_ eGg'n] OlGb/f d's'GbnfO{ slt dfof
u5]{ eGg] ejb]jn] ;d]t /fd|f];Fu a'e]msf 5g\ eGg] b]lvG5 . lk|o kltnfO{
;Gb]z k7fpg g;sL 3f]K6f] k/L ?g'n] klt ljof]usf] kL8f / b'Mv
OlGb/fnfO{ slt 5 eGg] b]lvG5 .
OlGb/f;Fu labf dfuL ejb]j sf]7faf6 lgl:sPkl5 PSnL OlGb/f eG5]–
tkfO{FnfO{ ;~r} 5 < s] of] ;f]wL k7fpg],
oxfF dnfO{ ;~r} 5, ls of] egL k7fpg] <
s]xL n]vL k7fpFm of vfln of] d'vn] s'/f,
ls b'a} ls b'a} afb, s] ;+rf/ k7fpg] < -pxL M !$_
klt d's'Gbn] lt/:sf/ ubf{ klg lemgf] cfzf af]s]/ afFr]sL OlGb/fn] ;dfrf/
k7fpg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo b]lVbg cyf{t\ p;nfO{ nfUbf] xf] e]6\g} kg]{ a]nfdf
klg s]sf] ;dfrf/ < 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn] OlGb/fsf] cfk"mk|ltsf] k|]ddf ljrng
Nofpg] k|of;df p;sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] k|z+;f u/]/ z[Ëf/ ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{
kTgLsf] z[Ëf/ ;j{:j g} klt xf] eGg'n] OlGb/fsf] kltk|lt slt dfof 5 eGg]
b]vfpF5 . OlGb/fsf] ækltelQm t db}{g kfkL klt eP klgÆ -pxL M (@_
eGg'n] klg p;sf] d's'Gbk|ltsf] dfof / df]xnfO{ lrgfpF5 . x/]s JolQmn]
c?nfO{ cfkm\g} hLjg / b'Mv–;'v;Fu hf]8]/ x]b{5 . OlGb/fsf] nflu
hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] b'Mv kltljof]u xf] . To;sf/0f sf]7fdf /fVg
NofPsf] r/fnfO{ p8fP/ :jtGq agfpFb} ænf}, hf, t, hf hxfF t]/f Kof/f
5g\, hf ;'uf klg, hfcf] ;a}Æ -pxL M &^_ eG5] . 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn]
OlGb/fsf] kltk|]dnfO{ ljrlnt ug{ nfv k|oTg ubf{ klg a? dg{ / dfg{
tof/ x'G5] t/ cfkm\gf] kltk|ltsf] k|]dnfO{ ;'/lIft /fV5] . gf6sdf
OlGb/fåf/f bzf{OPsf oL ;Dk"0f{ k|]dx? d's'Gb;Fusf] ljof]ufj:yfdf s]lGb|t
5g\ / PstkmL{ k|]dsf] ?kdf k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f gf6sdf k|:t't
ul/Psf] OlGb/fsf] o; k|sf/sf] kltk|]dnfO{ ljk|nDe z[Ëf/ eGg' pko'Qm
b]lvG5 .
!=$=@= ;+ef]u z[Ëf/
OlGb/fsf] klt d's'Gb;Fusf] ljof]u eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|f/De eO{ clGtd
b[Zosf] dWo;Dd klg k|]dldng gePsf] / x/kn OlGb/fnfO{ d's'Gbsf] k|tLIff
/x]sf] of] gf6s ljk|nDe z[Ëf/k|wfg gf6s xf] eg] gf6ssf] cGt ;+of]u
z[Ëf/df ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] ;tLTj / klt k|]dsf] /Iffsf nflu OlGb/fn]
v's'/L k|xf/ u/]kl5 ejb]jn] æxf] x} ltd|f] d's'Gb Tof]Æ -pxL M !!*_ eGb5g\
/ d's'Gb OlGb/fsf] ldng x'G5 . 3fOt] eP/ vf6df ;'t]sf] d's'Gbsf] cufl8
vf6d'lg a;]/ æb'v]sf] s] sd ef] < ls 5 plQs} < clueGbf b'v]sf] kf] 5
ls <Æ -pxL M !@#_ eGg] cleJolQmdf cfOk'Ubf OlGb/fsf] k|]d ;Def]u k|]ddf
kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . d's'Gbsf] 6fpsf]df nfu]sf] 3fpdf ;°]t ub}{ kfSg] kf] xf]
ls egL OlGb/fn] lrGtf JoQm ubf{ d's'Gbn] –
of]
3fp d]/f] ltdL g} xf}, kfsL lbSs eof} eg]
d afFRg] 5}g, clxNo} ltdL zfGt /Xof} eg]
lgsf] eO;Sof] -pxL_
eGg] cleJolQmdf Psflt/ d's'Gbn] OlGb/f;Fu u/]sf] Jojxf/k|lt cfTdUnflg
u/]sf] af]w x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ OlGb/fnfO{ dfof u/]/ v';L /fVg] k|oTg u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . OlGb/fn] –
k'tnLsf kv]6fe}Fm eP/ b'O{tk{msf
ca xfdL ;Fu} lxF8\g] s}n] klg g5'l§g]
x} t < -pxL M !@$_
eGg'df hLjgel/s} nflu ;+of]usf] k|:tfj 5 . gf6ss} clGtd ;+jfbsf]
?kdf k|of]u ePsf] OlGb/fsf] cleJolQmdf –
d xftn]
k"mn n]Vg', tkfO{Fsf] cfªdf, s'g k"mn xf]
lrGgf];\ x} -pxL M !@%_
eg]sL 5 . o;af6 OlGb/f ljleGg axfgfdf d's'GbnfO{ :kz{ ug{ rfxG5] /
hLjgsf] nfdf] cjlw;Dd vk]sf] ljof]u kL8fnfO{ ;dg ug{ rfxG5] eGg]
a'lemG5 .
!=%= /f}b| /;
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf cª\uL/;sf] ?kdf z[Ëf/ /;sf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 eg]
ljleGg ;Gbe{df cGo /;x?sf] ;d]t k|of]u ePsf] 5 . o; gf6sdf
ljleGg 7fpFdf /f}b| /;sf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . gf6sdf ;j{k|yd 5f]/fåf/f
lt/:s[t a'xf/L OlGb/fsf] bogLo cj:yfnfO{ b]v]/ d's'GbsL cfdf wgdtL
d's'Gbk|lt qmf]lwt x'lG5g\ . 5f]/f]nfO{ hGdfP/ oxL x'G5 eGg] yfxf ePsf] eP
of] cj:y} cfpg lbg] lyOgF eGb} wgdtL elG5g\ –
b'Mv 5f]/f x'ls{Pkl5
lbg] cjZo x'g\ eGg] yfxf dfq eP klg
/;flbx? vfP/ lsg b"w a9fpFy]F Û
/Qm l;4ØfpFy]F b"w} agfO{, clg db{y]F
Ps}rf]6L 5'6fP/ b"w dftf b'a} -pxL M !#_ .
d's'GbnfO{ vf]Hb} snsQf k'u]sf ejb]jnfO{ ha d's'Gbsf ;fyLx?n] e]6\g
glbP/ cfn6fn ug{ yfNb5g\ ejb]j pgLx?;Fu l/;fpF5g\ . d's'Gbsf] ;fyL
/d]zn] d's'GbnfO{ w]/} /S;L gvfg ;Demfpg] u/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ubf{ ejb]j
l/;fP/ Joª\Uo ub}{ eG5g\ –
æo:tf] ldqtfsf] lglDt tkfO{Fsf] 3/nfO{ ;d]t ;fi6fË b08jt\ 5Æ -pxL M
@$_ . ef]ln e]6\g ;lsg] d's'Gbsf] ;fyL o';'kmsf] s'/f ;'g]/ l/;fPsf ejb]j
eG5g\, æltdLx?nfO{ cfh, xfdLnfO{ ef]ln < ltdLx? leq, xfdL aflx/ <
d's'GbnfO{ oxfF k7fOb]p ls xfdL leq cfpF5f}F ls va/ kf;{n g]kfnd}
lkmtf{ lnP/ hfG5f}FÆ -pxL M @@_ . /fhfdtLn] d's'Gb slxn] cfpnfg\ egL
k|Zg ubf{ wgdtL q'm4 x'Fb} –
b}j hfgf];\, ls To} hfgf];\ xf] xfdL lhpFb} eP
kms{nf, ;a d'bf{ g} eP s] sfd kms{g Û
pm dfq} ;'vn] afFr] eOxfNof] lg b]z g}
8'af]:g p;nfO{ s] vfFrf] Û -pxL M $%_ elG5g\ .
5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn] d's'Gbs} ;fyL ag]/ OlGb/fsf] cufl8 cfO{ ha k|]d k|:tfj
/fVb5 ta OlGb/f l/;fpF5] / eG5] –
cfh;Dd tkfO{Fdf d]/f] elQm lyof] lktf
h:t} g} nfUbYof] dL7f] af]nL jrgn] ;w}F
ca Tof] d"lt{df b]V5' od/fh eo°/
;a elQm 89\of] d]/f] -pxL M (@_ .
OlGb/fnfO{ kltk|]daf6 ljrlnt agfpg] k|oTgdf ha d's'Gb gfgfy/L k|nf]eg
b]vfP/ kmsfpF5, OlGb/f l/;fP/ d]/f] klt lxF8\g] of] kljq 7fpFdf tkfO{F
kfkLn] gs'Nrgf];\ . d}n] kfk ;'g]F ca k|folZrQ u5'{ eG5] . OlGb/fnfO{
ljrlnt agfpg d's'Gb hlt k|oTg ub}{ hfG5 / hlt–hlt gofF s'/fx?
agfP/ eGb} hfG5 OlGb/f 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbk|lt Tolt l/;fP/ q'm4 x'Fb}
hfG5] . k|f/Dedf kltldq ePsf] gftfn] cToGt} cfb/k"j{s tkfO{F eg]/
;Daf]wg ug]{ OlGb/f qmf]wsf] k/fsfi6fdf k'U5] / …tFÚ egL ;Daf]wg ug{
yfNb5] –
s/fOlbG5' r08fn, 3/} k'm6\g] lx;fan]
xfjfdf lah'nL kg]{ u/]/ ca, leqsf]
es'08f]df baL zq' cfPsf] xf];\, lrGx]F, lsg
cg'xf/ n'sfP/ efu\ t]/f] kfklk08sf],
hf,hf,hf,hf -pxL M (%_ .
d's'Gbsf] d tFnfO{ wf]sf lbG5' eGg] cleJolQmsf] k|ltjfbdf OlGb/f eG5] –
dnfO{ tF
kfkLn] lbg s] ;Snf;\, wf]vf g} sd{df eP
d cfk}m vfG5' Tof] vf]:g tF ;Sb}gg\ -pxL_ .
o;/L gf6ssf] k|f/Dedf d's'GbsL cfdf / ejb]jsf] qmf]w b]lvG5 eg]
gf6ssf] cGTolt/ 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbk|lt OlGb/fsf] qmf]w b]lvG5 . gf6sdf
k|foM ;a} qmf]wsf] s]Gb| d's'Gb ag]sf] 5 . o;/L o; gf6sdf /f}b| /;sf]
k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
!=^= jL/ /;
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf jL/ /;sf] klg k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 . jL/ /;sf
rf/j6f e]b -o'4jL/, bfgjL/, bofjL/, wd{jL/_ dWo] d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6ssf]
ejb]j bofjL/ kfq xf] . OlGb/fsf] cj:yfnfO{ b]v]/ ejb]jn] OlGb/fnfO{ æ===
d} hfG5', kQf lnG5', oxfF clg ;Fu} lnP/ kms{G5'Æ -pxL M !@_ eGg' /
?kgf/fo0f tyf wgdtL;Fu æhfg] ePF tkfO{Fsf] 5f]/fsf] vf]hdf d t ToxLF
otfptf xf]nfg\ lnP/} cfpF5' oxfFÆ -pxL_ eGg] cleJolQmdf ejb]jsf]
bofzLn rl/qsf] kl/ro kfOG5 .
d's'Gb;Fu e]6 ePkl5 d's'Gbn] 3/ kms{g gdfGbf p;sf x/]s s'ntsf]
k|ltjfb ug]{ ejb]jsf] ljrf/ jL/f]lrt 5 . /S;LnfO{ kz'kltsf] hnn] lkmsf
kfg]{, /08Lsf] uLtnfO{ j]bWjlgn] a];'/f kfg]{ ejb]jsf] ljrf/ ;fx;k"0f{ 5 .
d's'Gbsf] g]kfn uP/ OlGb/fsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ / OlGb/fdf ;fgf];Dd klg
rfl/lqs q'l6 b]lvPdf ;w}el/sf] nflu snsQf kms{g] k|:tfjnfO{ ejb]jn]
OlGb/fsf] rl/qdfly ljZjf; u/]/ :jLsfg'{ ;fx;k"0f{ 5 . 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn]
ltdLn] cfkm\gf] of}jg To;} gkmfn eGbf o'jsx? b]zsf nflu cfˆ gf] of}jg
;dk{0f ub{5g\ eg] o'jtLx? ltg} o'jssf nflu of}jgsf] aln lbG5g\ eGb}
cfk"mn] hLjge/ d's'Gbsf] k|tLIff ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{ ;fx;k"0f{ 5 . d's'Gb
OlGb/f gf6sdf jL/ /;n] pTsif{ Tolta]nf kfpF5 hlta]nf cfkm\gf] ;Tj
hf]ufpg OlGb/fn] d's'GbnfO{ v's'/L b]vfpFb} df5'{ eG5] / v's'/L k|xf/ u5]{ .
of] Pp6L gf/Lsf] jL/f]lrt rl/q xf] . o;/L o; gf6sdf jL/ /;sf] ;d]t
k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 .
!=&= jLeT; /;
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf jLeT; /;sf] klg k|of]u ePsf] 5 . /d]zsf] 3/df
ljr]t cj:yfdf e]l6Pkl5 d's'GbnfO{ sf]7fdf NofP/ /fv]sf] csf]{lbg pN6}
d's'Gbn] /S;L lkpg k|:tfj u/]kl5 ejb]jn] 3[0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn] OlGb/fnfO{ d's'Gbk|lt ljt[i0ff pTkGg ug{sf nflu
skf]nslNkt 36gf ;'gfpF5 . pm eG5 –
pm Pslbg 8]/fdf kms]{g, lsg xf] egL
vf]Hb} uPF ;w}F hfGYof] hxfF Tof] cGwsf/df
nfUof] 7Ss/ v'§fdf, ;nfO{ h]ad} lyof],
afn]F, b]v]F ToxfF xfd|f] d'bf{t'No d's'Gbsf]
d'v rfl6/x]sf] 5 sfnf] s's'/n] d t
/S;Lsf] uGwn] Psl5g a]xf]z g} ePF -pxL M ^)_ .
!=*= s/m0f /;
Pp6f /S;Ln] ljr]t dfG5]sf] d'v s's'/n] rf6\g' 3[0ff / ljt[i0ffsf] r/d
pTsif{ xf] . To;sf/0f o; cleJolQmnfO{ jLeT; /;sf] pQdf]Qd gd'gf
dfGg ;lsG5 .
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6ssf] ljleGg 7fpFdf s/m0f /;sf] klg k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
gf6sdf OlGb/fsf] hLjgsyf / of}jgsf] Joyf g} o; gf6ssf] k|d'v
sf/ml0fs kIf xf] . d's'Gbsf] 3/ gkms{g] lr7L cfpg' / 5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn]
d's'Gbsf] ljnf;Lk"0f{ gsf/fTds rl/q lrq0f ug'{n] OlGb/fsf] cj:yf a9L
sf/ml0fs aGg k'u]sf] 5 . /fhfdtL;Fusf] ;+jfbdf OlGb/fn] eg]sf oL
cleJolQmx? cToGt} sf/ml0fs 5g\ –
aHo}, xfd|f] huTdf hlt b'Mv 5g\
:jf:gLdflg;sf k]jf, bfOhf] x'g\ ;a}, hlt
nf]Ug]dflg;sf b'Mv cfOkb{5 Tof] klg
rf]/L df;L rnfPsf xfd|} k]jf / bfOhf]
x'g\ tL . ljjfxdf nf]Ug]dfG5] xfF;]/ lxF8\b5g\ .
xfdL cfF;' lemsL eG5f}F lx8\g] ;fOtsf] 38f
kfj{tLsf] ue{af6 AofPb]lv ToxL lbg
:jf:gLdfG5]x?nfO{ lrg]sf] x'G5 b'Mvn],
5fofF h:t} lk5f u5{ Tof] b'Mv a? ;fFemdf

5fofF lkmsf x'Fb} hfG5 cFWof/f]df lanfpF5,
b'Mv emg\ ;fFemdf kf]N5 cFWof/f]df hnfpF5, -pxL M $#_ .
5b\de]ifL d's'Gbn] d's'Gbsf gsf/fTds s'/f ;'gfP/ ltdL /f]of} < eGbf sxfF
/f]PF < eGb}t; OlGb/f /f]Psf] cj:yf gf6ssf] sf/ml0fs kIf xf] . rf}yf]
c°sf] bf];|f] b[Zodf lg/fz OlGb/fn] r/fx? p8fPkl5 JoQm u/]sf]
cleJolQmdf s/m0f/;sf] k|of]u 5 ;fy} /fhfdtL / OlGb/fsf] ;+jfb
sf/ml0fs 5 . ;du|df of] b[Zo g} s/m0f/; k|wfg 5 .
!=(= eofgs /;
o; gf6sdf eofgs /;sf] klg k|of]u ePsf] 5 . ejb]j / k'gfrf
d's'GbnfO{ vf]Hb} /d]zbf;sf]df k'U5g\ t/ ToxfFsf] jftfj/0fn] ql;t ejb]j
k'gfrfnfO{ eG5g\, æHofk" oxfFsf] xfjf 7Ls 5}g, cf 9f]s}g]/ a;f}F . v's'/L
Ps cª\u'n hlt aflx/ lemls/fv\Æ -pxL M @@_ . o; cleJolQmn] ejb]jsf]
dgdf tTsfnLg jftfj/0fnfO{ b]v]/ pTkGg eosf] k|:t'lt b]lvG5 .
d's'GbnfO{ g]kfn kmsf{pg] qmddf /]nj] :6]zgdf d's'Gbsf ;fyLx?nfO{ ;°]t
ub}{ –
xfdLx? ptf af6f] gnfu];Dddf logL
nfdv'§]x?af6 8/} x'G5 cg]s 5g\
/f]usf w/tL nLvf lha|fdf, /f]u xf];\ gxf];\
cjZo r':t5g\ /Qm r':g kfP eg] klg -pxL M #&_ .
eg]sf] cleJolQmdf ejb]jsf] dgdf st} d's'Gbsf ;fyLx?n] p;nfO{
e8\sfP/ eufpg] x'g\ ls, d's'Gb 3/ hfg gdfGg] xf] ls eGg] eo l;h{gf
ePsf] b]lvG5 . d's'Gbn] k6sk6s OlGb/fsf] k/LIf0f u/]sf] b]]v]/ OlGb/f
st} kml;lbg] xf] ls eGg] eo ejb]jsf] dgdf l;h{gf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
v's'/L af]s]/ /flt OlGb/fsf] sf]7fdf k'u]sf] d's'GbnfO{ OlGb/fn] v's'/L k|xf/
u/]kl5 s]xL clgi6 x'G5 ls eGg] 8/n] ejb]jn] æOlGb/f, OlGb/f dnf{
v's'/L vf]; em§ g}Æ -pxL M !!*_ eGg'af6 d's'Gbsf] cfr/0f b]v]/ st}
b'3{6gf x'g] xf] ls eGg] eo ejb]jsf] dgdf ePsf] a'lemG5 .
!=!)= zfGt /;
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf st}st} zfGt /;sf] ;d]t k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 .
3/ lal;{Psf] d's'Gbsf] :jefjaf6 lrlGtt ?kgf/fo0f / wgdtLnfO{ ;fGTjgf
lbg ejb]j eG5g\, æljBfyL{x? cWoogdf /dfpFbf 3/ lal;{lbG5g\Æ -pxL M
!#_ . To;}u/L sfzL hfg gkfP/ c;Gt'i6 ePsL /fhfdtLnfO{ ?kgf/fo0f
/ a"9fn] /fli6«otfsf] dxÎj atfPkl5 æg]kfnaf6 ;f]e}m :ju{wfd hfG5' cGt
st} hfGgÆ -pxL M !)&_ eGg] /fhfdtLsf] cleJolQmdf zfGt /;sf] k|flKt
b]lvG5 .
æafns[i0f ;dsf ;'vfGt gf6sdf xf:otÎjÆ zLif{ssf] n]v -;'j]bL, @)^) M
!$)_ df b]jLk|;fb ;'j]bLn] xf:otÎjsf dfWodaf6 ;dsf s]xL gf6sx?sf]
t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ub}{ æd's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf gfos d's'Gb = = sf] rl/qdf
:jefjut xf:of:kbtf aflx/} 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vf kb{5Æ -pxL_ eg]sf 5g\
;fy} d's'Gbsf] rl/qdf ;txL / pQfpnf] b]lvg] x'Fbf k|x;g / ljb|'k xf:o
:j?ksf] xf:osf] l;h{gf ePsf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ -pxL_, t/ æzf/Ll/s,
dfgl;s / eflifs ljs[lt jf lj;Ëltaf6 xf:o/; pTkGg x'G5Æ -pkfWofo,
@)%% M %(_ eGg] xf:o/;sf] dfGotfcg';f/ ;du| d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf
st} klg xf:o/;sf] k|of]u ePsf] b]lvFb}g / cem d's'Gbsf] rl/qaf6 t
xf:o /;sf] l;h{gf x'g} ;Sb}g . d's'Gbsf] :jefj / rl/qn] bz{ssf] dgdf
d'VotM b'O{ k|sf/sf] :yfoL efj hflu|t x'g ;S5 3[0ff / qmf]w, t/
d's'Gbsf] rl/qnfO{ b]v]/ bz{s xfF:g] cj:yf st} klg b]lvFb}g .
!=!!= lgisif{
k"jL{o ;flxTo l;4fGtsf gj/;dWo] d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6sdf z[Ëf/ /; cËL
/;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] 5 / s/m0f, jL/, /f}b|, zfGt, jLeT; / eofgs
/;x? cË -;xfos tyf uf}0f_ /;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . o;
gf6sdf xf:o / cb\e't /;sf] k|of]u ePsf] b]lvFb}g .
;du|df /; ljwfgsf sf]0faf6 d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6ssf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ s]
b]lvG5 eg] o; gf6sdf z[Ëf/ /; k|wfg /;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
h;dWo] ljk|nDe z[Ëf/ /; o; gf6ssf] cËL /; xf] . ;+ef]u z[Ëf/
gf6ssf] ;dflKt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cGo s]xL /;x? -s/m0f, /f}b|, jL/,
eofgs, jLeT; / zfGt_ ;xfos÷cË /;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ .
;dsf gf6\os[ltx?dWo] d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6snfO{ /;ljwfgsf] sf]0faf6
pTs[i6 gf6\o/rgfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . Pp6} gf6sleq k|foM w]/} /;sf]
;dfj]z ug{ ;Sg' o; gf6ssf ;Gbe{df afns[i0f ;dsf] dxÎjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
;Gbe{;"rL
pkfWofo, s]zjk|;fb -@)%)_, ljrf/ / JofVof, sf7df8f}+ M ;femf k|sfzg.
-@)%%_, k"jL{o ;flxTo l;4fGt, sf7df8f}+ M ;femf k|sfzg .
e§/fO{, 36/fh, -@)$)_, k|lte} k|ltef / g]kfnL ;flxTo, sf7df8f}+ M g]zgn
l/;r{ Pzf]l;P6\; .
n'O6]n, vu]Gb|k|;fb, -@)%$_, g]kfnL Psf°L, sf7df8f}+ M ljBfyL{ k':ts
e08f/ .
;d, afns[i0f, -@)%%_, d's'Gb OlGb/f, sf7df8f}+ M ;femf k|sfzg .
;'j]bL, b]jLk|;fb, ægf6sLo kmnk|flKtsf b[li6n] ;dsf s]xL b'MvfGt
gf6sx?Æ, ul/df, -jif{ @!, c° #, kmfu'g, @)%(_, k[= *^–(@ .
æafns[i0f ;dsf ;'vfGt gf6sdf xf:otÎjÆ, ;d ztjflif{sL, g]kfn /fhsLo
k|1f–k|lti7fg, @)^), k[= !#&–!$$ .
)))
u'NdLs} uf}/j …ls/0f k':tsfnoåf/f k|sflzt …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf]

lg/Gt/tf, ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu d·ndo sfdgf k|s6
ub{5f}+ .
Go" z}nhf sdl;{on ;]G6/

tD3f;, u'NdL
yf]kf, yf]kf u/]/ ufu|L el/G5Ù tkfO{+n] yf]/} yf]/} hDdf ub}{ uP klg w]/} x'G5 .
lgoldt ?kdf art ug]{ afgL a;fnL ;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kfg'{xf];\ .
n'lDagL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

/fddlGb/nfOg, a'6jn–^, ?kGb]xL
kmf]g M ±(&&–&!–%$@)&@, %$^^&@, km\ofS; g+= M ±(&&–&!–%%))&@
E-mail : lumbinis@yahoo.com, lumbinicop@gmail.com
sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:q / dfS;{sf] k―"hL
 8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL
k|fWofks–a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;
?kGb]xL
sfn{ dfS;{
sfn{ x]gl/s dfS;{ hd{gLsf] Ps dWod juL{o ox"bL kl/jf/df lj=;+= !*&%
-O{=;+= !*!*_ df hGd]sf lyP . pgsf] lktfsf] gfd x]gl/s dfS;{ / cfdfsf]
gfd x]gl/Pt lk|;au{ lyof] . pgL 5 jif{sf xF'bf tTsfnLg hd{g ;/sf/n]
ha/h:tL pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ O;fO{ agfOlbPsf] lyof] . wd{ kl/jt{g gu/]df
pgsf lktfsf] hfuL/ hfg] eon] To; kl/jf/n] wd{ kl/jt{g u/]sf] lyof] .
:jo+ dfS;{n] wd{u'/m -kmfb/_ x'gsf nflu nfdf] cWoog u/]sf lyP . dfS;{
Hofb} cWoogzLn / vfglkg, njfOvjfOdf a]jf:tf ug]{ nfk/jfx k|s[ltsf
JolQm lyP . h;nfO{ hLjgsf] x/]s ptf/ r9fjdf Ps cfbz{ kTgLn] em}+
h]gLn] ;fy lbPsL lyOg\ . h'g pgsf] ;xkf7L lyOg\ . b'a}n] wd{zf:q ;Fu}
cWoog u/]sf lyP . dfS;{n] cfkm"eGbf rf/ jif{ h]7L h]gL -hf]cfgf ayf{
h"nL h]gL jf]g j]:6kmn]g_ ;Fu lj=;+=!*(@ df ljjfx u/]sf lyP . ;'Gb/
tyf ;'zLn h]gL hd{gLsf] Ps ;DkGg / /fhgLlts kl/jf/sL 5f]/L lyOg\ .
pgsf ;ftj6f 5f]/f5f]/L hGd]sf lyP . u/Lasf b]jtfsf] ?kdf k|l;4
dfS;{sf] hLjgnfO{ k|l;4 agfpg] JolQm Pª\u]N; x'g\ h'g :jo+ klg Ps
7"nf pBf]uklt lyP . wd{sf] lj/f]w u/]sf dfS;{sf ljrf/ pgsf
cg'ofoLx?nfO{ wd{zf:qeGbf sd 5}gg\ .
dfS;{ Ps bfz{lgs x'g\ . oBlk Tof] bz{g /fv]afkt pgn] hd{gL 5f]8\g'
k/]sf] lyof] / nfdf] ;fdGtL k/Dk/f ePsf] b]z la|6]gdf pgn] lgjf{l;t
hLjg latfPsf lyP . hxf― lj=;+=!($) df lne/ SofG;/af6 pgsf] d[To'
ePsf] lyof] . aln{g k/vfn geTs―bf;Dd k"jL{ hd{gLdf ToxfFsf] 7"nf gf]6df
dfS;{sf] t:jL/ c+lst ul/GYof] . aln{gdf dfS;{sf] Ps :df/s agfOPsf]
5.
bf; Soflk6n ;+If]kdf
dfS;{sf] k|l;4 ePsf] d'Vo k':ts k"FhL xf] . h;df pgn] j:t'sf] d"Nodf
>dsf] efu / To;eGbf cltl/Qm l;h{gf ePsf] d"Nosf] l;4fGtsf] j}1flgs
JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . cy{zf:qLx?n] k"―hL k':tsnfO{ Ps pRr sf]l6sf]
cy{zf:qsf] ?kdf cWoog u5{g\ t/ /fhgLlt1x?n] pgsf] /fhgLlts 5lj
/ sDo'lgi6 d]lgkm]:6f]nfO{ a9L dxTÎj lbG5g\ . dfS;{sf] cfly{s ljrf/nfO{
b'O{hgfsf] a9L k|efj k/]sf] b]lvG5– P8d l:dy / 8]le8 l/sf8f]{ . >d /
k"FhLsf] ;DaGwsf] JofVof P8d l:dysf cfly{s cjwf/0ffx?sf] JofVof g}
xf] . dfS;{sf] cltl/Qm d"No / cgflh{t cfosf] cjwf/0ff l/sf8f]{sf] nufg
l;4fGtsf] lj:t[t / j}1flgs JofVof xf] . s]G; / :ofDo'N;gn] dfS;{sf
cfly{s ljrf/sf cfwf/ Snfl;sn l;4fGt x'g\ eg]sf 5g\ . t/ dfS;{sf
ljrf/ df}lns dfGg]x?n] oL ljrf/sf] cfwf/df ?; / rLgdf ePsf
qmflGtsf] pbfx/0f lbg] u5{g\ .
dfS;{sf cfly{s ljrf/ bf; Soflk6n eGg] k':tsdf kfOG5 . hd{g efiffsf]
zAb bf; Soflk6nsf] c+u|]hL ;dfgfGt/ xf] b Soflk6n cyf{t\ k"―hL .
pgn] lj=;+=!*(* df k|frLg /f]dg ;f+:s[lts bz{gdfly ljBfjfl/lw u/]sf
x'g\ . lj=;+=!(!^ df dfS;{n] h'g lqml6s h'/ kf]lnl6sn Osf]gf]dL
-/fhg}lts cy{zf:qsf] cfnf]rgf_ k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf lyP . o;sf]
lj:t[t ljifo j:t'nfO{ kl5 pgn] k"―hL efu Ps, efu b'O{, efu tLgsf]
?kdf n]v]sf x'g\ . dfS;{sf] hLjgsfndf k"+hLsf] k|yd efu k|sflzt eof]
eg] cGo b'O{ efunfO{ pgsf wgL ldq Pª\u]N;n] pgsf] d[To'kl5 k|sflzt
u/]sf x'g\ .
dfS;{sf] hd{g ;+:s/0fsf] k':tssf] k"/f g]kfnL cg'jfb o; k|sf/ x'G5–
k"―hL M /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] cfnf]rgf . o;sf] klxnf] hd{g ;+:s/0f
lj=;+=!(@$ df k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] kf―r jif{kl5 klxnf] cg'jfb
k|sflzt eof] k|m]Gr efiffdf . o; ;+:s/0fsf] k|fSsygdf pgn] k|m]Gr
gful/sk|lt cfkm"nfO{ ljz]if ;dlk{t -l8jf]6]8_ atfPsf 5g\ . o;sf] c+u|]hL
;+:s/0f lj=;+=!($$ df / bf];|f] hd{g ;+:s/0fdf s]xL ;+zf]wg ;lxt
k|sfzg u/]sf 5g\ . Pª\u]N;n] o;nfO{ ;+zf]wg ub}{ lj=;+=!($& df k'gM
k|sflzt u/] . d:sf]af6 lxGbL ;+:s/0f k|sfzg eof] . clxn] o; k':tssf]
g]kfnL cg'jfb klg pknAw 5 .
o;sf tLg v08sf] ljifoj:t' lgDgk|sf/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] pgsf]
k':tssf] ljifoj:t' :ki6 x'g hfG5 –
-s_ k"“hL k|yd efu
!= j:t' / d'b|f @= d'b|fsf] k"FhLdf ?kfGt/
#= cltl/Qm d"Nosf] lgdf{0f $= lg/k]If / ;fk]If cltl/Qm d"No
%= Hofnf ^= jt{dfgdf k"FhL ;+ro
&= k|frLg sfndf k"FhL ;+ro
v_ k"“hL låtLo efu
!= kF"hLsf] ;+/rgf @= k"FhLsf] sf/f]af/
#= ;fdflhs k"―hLsf] k'gp{Tkfbg / kl/rqm0f
u_ k"“hL t[tLo efu
!= cltl/Qm d"No / gfkmf cfh{g
@= gfkmfsf] cf};t b/
#= gfkmfsf] b/df x|f;f]Gd'v k|j[lQ
$= j:t' k"FhL / d'b|f k"FhLsf] Jofj;flos k"FhL / df}lb|s sf/f]af/
k"+hLdf ?kfGt/0f
%= gfkmfsf] Aofh cfo / k"FhLut gfkmf cfodf ?kfGt/0f
^= cltl/Qm gfkmfsf] nufg cfodf ?kfGt/0f
3_ k“"hL rf}yf] efu
dfS;{n] d[To'sf jif{ lj=;+=!($) df kF"hL efu $ sf] n]vg k|f/De u/]sf
lyP . t/ Tof] ck"0f{ /x\of] . To;nfO{ cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGt -Yof]/L ckm
;Kn{; Eofn'_ sf] gfdn] sfn{ sfpT;sLn] ;Dkfbg u/L k|sflzt u/]sf
x'g\ . To;}n] dfS;{n] k"―hLaf/] n]v]sf s]jn tLg v08 dflgPsf 5g\ .
dfS;{sf cfly{s ljrf/nfO{ ;+If]kdf lgDg k|sf/n] JoQm ug{ ;lsG5–
!= åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] l;4fGt
b'O{ ljk/Lt ljrf/sf] cGtå{Gån] t];|f] ljrf/ hGdG5 eGg] dfS;{sf] cjwf/0ff
5 . dfS;{n] of] cjwf/0ff xLu]nsf] l;4fGtaf6 lnPsf x'g\ . xLu]nsf
cg';f/ dfgj r]tgf ;[li6sf] jf:tljs ;[hgstf{ xf] . r]tgf / ef}lts
;+;f/sf] åGåfTds :j?kn] lg/Gt/ ;[li6sf] ljsf; x'―b} hfG5 . t/
xLu]nsf] ljk/Lt dfS;{n] ljrf/nfO{ Ps ef}lts tÎj dfGb5g\ . dfS;{sf
cg';f/ ef}lts ;+;f/ g} ljrf/df k|ltlalDat x'G5 . b'O{ ljk/Lt ljrf/af6
t];|f] ljrf/ pTkGg x'G5 . gof― s'/f l;h{gf x'g b'a}df cGtå{Gå x'g} k5{ .
cyf{t\ yLl;; / To;sf] PG6L yLl;;af6 h'g gof+ s'/f pTkGg x'G5, Tof]
l;GyLl;; xf] . s]xL ;dokl5 To; l;GyLl;;sf] ljk/Lt csf]{ PG6L yLl;;
pTkGg eO{ b'a}df lqmof / k|ltlqmof x'G5 . clg km]l/ csf]{ l;GyLl;;
pTkGg x'G5 . ;[li6df of] k|lqmof rln/xG5 . t/ pgsf] Pp6f dfGotf s]
5 eg] of] k|lqmof ;fDojfb gcfp~h]n;Ddsf nflu dfq xf] / To; kl5
s'g} PG6LyLl;; pTkGg x'―b}g .
@= pTkfbg ;+/rgf / pTkfbg rqm
s'g} klg ;dfhdf ;fdflhs ;DaGw Toxf―sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLn] lgwf{/0f
ub{5 . 3/]n' pBf]u / k/Dk/fut pTkfbg k|0ffnLn] ;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg
k|0ffnL lgdf{0f eP h:t} d]zLgx?sf] cfljisf/;Fu} cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'ghfG5 . o;n] dflg;x?sf] cfk;L ;DaGwdf qmflGtsf/L
kl/jt{g NofOlbof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu 7"nf sf/vfgf lgdf{0f x'gf;fy sfd
ug]{ ;do, :yfg OToflbdf tLj| kl/jt{g eof] . cf}Bf]lus zx/ ag] .
>ldsx? Ps :yfgdf hDdf eP/ a:g'kg]{ eof] . pgLx? kl/jf/af6 6f9f
x'g k'u] . sf/vfgfsf dflnsx? klg x'g] ePsf]n] >lds / pBf]ukltsf
aLrsf] Ps gofF ;DaGw :yflkt x'g uof] . o; pTkfbg Joj:yfnfO{ pgn]
k"―hLjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] gfd lbP . dfS;{jfbL cy{zf:qdf cflbd
;fDojfb, ;fdGtjfb, k"―hLjfb OToflb zAbn] ljlzi6 pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ g}
;+s]t u5{ . of] rqm ;fDojfbaf6 k|f/De eO{ ;fDojfbdf cGt x'G5 .
#= cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGt
dfS;{n] cfkm\gf] l;4fGtdf cltl/Qm d"Nosf] lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf 5g\ .
cltl/Qm d"Nosf] d"n cjwf/0ff P8d l:dyn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf x'g\ . To;}
u/L d"Nosf] nfut l;4fGtsf] ljsf; l/sf8f]{n] u/]sf x'g\ . log}
cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df pgn] ul0ftLo pbfx/0f;lxt cltl/Qm d"Nosf] JofVof
u/]sf 5g\ . dfS;{sf cg';f/, pTkfbgsf] k|d'v ;fwg >d xf], k"―hL To;sf]
;xof]uL dfq xf] . lagf >d pTkfbg x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] pTkfbgaf6 k|fKt
cfosf] ;aeGbf a9L lx:;f >dsf] x'G5 . k"+hLkltn] s]xL gu/L pTkfbgsf]
efu k|fKt u5{ . oxf― Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/f s] eg] cfw'lgs cy{zf:qdf >d
afx]s e"ld, k"―hL / pBdsf] lx:;f klg ;dfj]z x'G5 eGg] dflgG5 . tyf
k|To]ssf] lx:;f ;LdfGt pTkfbstfsf] cfwf/df k|bfg ug'{k5{ eGg] dflgG5 .
$= ju{ ;+3if{sf] l;4fGt
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] pk;fWo xf]– ju{ ;+3if{ . o;sf ;fy} pTkfbg
;+/rgfsf] ;DaGw / cltl/Qm d"Non] ubf{ >lds / k―"hLklt aLrsf] cGt/
a9\b} hfG5 . åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ b'a} ju{aLr h'g åGå
:jfefljs ?kdf pTkGg x'G5 To;nfO{ pgn] ju{;+3if{ gfd lbPsf 5g\ .
>lds ju{ Ps h'6 ePdf ju{;+3if{df >ldssf] ljho lglZrt x'G5 .
>ldssf] ljhokl5 ;jf{xf/fsf] h'g clwgfosTj :yflkt x'G5, To;} ju{
;+3if{ ;dfKt x'G5 . of] cj:yf cfPkl5 ju{xLg ;dfhsf] :yfkgf x'G5 .
dfS;{n] o:tf] ju{ ;+3if{ k"+hLjfbL b]zdf x'g] eljiojf0fL klg u/]sf lyP .
x'g t, pgn] u/]sf] Oltxf;sf] cfly{s JofVof cfsif{s 5 t/ Tof] ck"0f{ /
Psfª\uL 5 . lsgeg] ;dfhsf] ult ;/n/]vLo x'Fb}g t/ s] klg ;To xf]
eg] dfS;{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ kG5fP/ klg Oltxf; Psfª\uL x'g hfG5 .
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbn] Pp6f ;To s] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] b'O{ ljk/Lt
zlQmx?sf] ;dGjo g} ljZj lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ xf] . k"FhLjfbsf cGTosf]
pgsf] cjwf/0ff eg] ;To 7xl/Pg . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf k―"hLjfbL cy{tGq
cfkm\gf] gofF :j?kdf emg\ alnof] eof] . Tof] cfGtl/s zlQm ;fDojfbL
cy{tGqdf b]lvPg . d"No lgwf{/0fsf] >d l;4fGt cy{zf:qdf ck"0f{
dflgG5 . To;} u/L lgAof{hL n]gb]g ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f ;fDojfbL b]zx?df
klg cdfGo 5 .
;f/f+z s] xf] eg] sltko sdhf]/Lsf afjh"b dfS;{sf] ljrf/n] cy{zf:q,
;dfhzf:q, /fhgLltzf:qsf 36gfx?sf] JofVofsf nflu bfz{lgs cfwf/
k|bfg u5{ .
sf}l6No
sf}l6Nosf] jf:tljs gfd, hGd :yfg / hGd ldltaf/] ljåfg\x?df ljjfb
kfOG5 . af}4 ;flxTon] pgnfO{ tIflznf lgjf;L dfg]sf] 5 . sf}l6Nosf]
lzIff bLIff tIflznfdf ePsf] lyof] / kl5 pgL ToxL+ cy{zf:qsf cfrfo{
ePsf lyP . sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qcg';f/ pgsf] vf; gfd lji0f'u'Kt xf] .
sfdGbssf cg';f/ s'6n j+zdf hGd]sf]n] sf}l6No / r0fssf] 5f]/f ePsf]n]
rf0fSo gfd /xg uPsf xf] . hLjgLsf/x?sf cg';f/, duwsf] /fhf gGb
Ps zlQmzfnL t/ cGofoL /fhf lyof] . h;sf] Jojxf/af6 ;fdfGo
dflg;x? cToGt c;Gt'i6 lyP . ;fdfGo dflg;x?sf] efjgfsf] k|ltlglwÎj
ub}{ cTofrf/L gGb j+z ;dfKt ug]{ zky lnPsf rf0fSon] rGb|u'Kt df}o{nfO{
lzio agfO{ Pp6f ;+u7g v8f u/] . rGb|u'Kt df}o{ /fhf ePkl5 Ps
ljzfn, ;DkGg / alnof] duw ;fd|fHo :yfkgf eof] . rGb|u'Ktsf] gflt
;d|f6\ czf]s Oltxf; k|l;4 /fhf x'g\ . Oltxf;sf/x?n] czf]ssf] ;fd|fHo
k"j{df cf;fdb]lv, klZrddf ckmuflg:tfg;Dd / pQ/df sZdL/b]lv blIf0fdf
sln+u;Dd km}lnPsf] lyof] eg]sf 5g\ . o; ;fd|fHosf] /fhwfgL kf6lnk'q
cyf{t\ k6gf lyof] . lj=;+= $))–#)) lj=k"= :yflkt o; ;fd|fHosf] l:y/tf /
;DkGgtf cy{zf:q k':tssf l;4fGtx?df :yflkt ePsf] xf] eGg'df cTo'lQm
x'g] 5}g .
pgL cljjflxt lyP . To; b[li6n] pgnfO{ b'Mvdf ;fy lbg] ghLssf]
kfl/jfl/s dflg; sf]xL lyPg . x/]s sfo{sf nflu pgL PSnf] lyP .
pgnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] t cfkm"n] dfgL cfPsf] l;4fGtk|lt . pgsf] wg
eg]sf] s]jn 1fg lyof] . s'g} wgL dflg; pgsf] ;fydf lyPg . cfkm\gf]
;dosf] ;aeGbf alnof] zf;s;+u b'ZdgL ug]{nfO{ s;n] ;fy lbGYof] / <
hLjgsf] cGtdf cfkm\gf] ;aeGbf lj/f]wL JolQmnfO{ dGqL kb lbP/ :jo+
;+Gof; lnO{ Ps ;fgf] s'6Ldf cfkm\gf hLjgsf clGtd lbg latfP eGg]
ljj/0fn] rf0fSo sNkgftLt cgf}7f] JolQmTj ePsf] dflg; ePsf] :ki6
x'G5 .
sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:q – ;+If]kdf
ctLtdf cy{zf:q -/fhgLlts cy{zf:q_ Ps k|ltli7t ljBf /lxcfPsf] lyof]
/ cg]s cfrfo{x?n] ;+:s[tdf cy{zf:q gfd u/]sf u|Gyx? /rgf u/]sf
lyP eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qdf plNnlvt ax'jrg zAb
cy{zf:qfl0f zAbaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . t/ tL s'g} u|Gy pknAw 5}gg\ . k'/fgf
u|GydWo] sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:q dfq pknAw 5 . sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qsf] ljifo
j:t' JofVof ug]{ qmddf cfrfo{ sf}l6Non] !!@ :yfgdf k"jf{rfo{x?sf] syg,
l;4fGt, ljZn]if0f, / pbfx/0fx? k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . cf}zg; / ef/åfhsf]
gfd ;ft k6s, a[x:klt, j}zfnfIf, / k/fz/sf] gfd 5 k6s, dg',
jftJoflw, / lkz'gsf] kf―r k6s, sf}0fkbGtsf] rf/ k6s, afx'bGtLk'q /
cfDeLsf] gfd Ps Ps k6s ;Gbe{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cGo c1ftgfd
cfrfo{x?nfO{ d]/f] cfrfo{, cfrfo{ jf cGo egL pNn]v 5 . o:tf
cfrfo{x?sf] gfd %( k6s pNn]v 5 .
cg'jfb / JofVof
lj=;+= !(%( df d};"/ /fHosf Ps a|fx\d0fn] ef]hkqdf n]lvPsf] / e§
:jfdLsf 6Lsf;lxtsf] ;+:s[t efiffsf] Ps u|Gy cf]l/PG6n nfOa|]/LnfO{
a'emfPsf lyP . -of] k':ts cfh klg To; k':tsfndf ;'/lIft 5 ._
k':tsfnosf tfTsflns cWoIf 8f=/mb|kQgd\ Zofdzf:qLn] d};"/sf /fhf
af]l8of/sf] cfly{s ;xof]un] ;ft jif{sf] ;Dkfbgkl5 z'4tf ;fy o;sf]
k|sfzg u/] . pgn] g} lj=;+= !(&@ df klxnf] k6s o;sf] c+u|]hL cg'jfb
k|sflzt u/] . lj=;+=@)!^ df sfNofgf]jn] ?;L efiffdf o;sf] cg'jfb u/] .
oL k':tsx?sf cltl/Qm lxGbL, hd{g, O6flnog / cGo efiffx?df o;sf]
cg'jfb k|sflzt eof] . o;/L nueu %)) jif{;Dd c1ft /x]sf] Ps
dxTÎjk"0f{ u|Gy / kf}/:To bz{gsf] Ps ljifo k'gM ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Ldf
cfof] . To;kl5 o"/f]k / cd]l/sfdf o; u|Gysf] tLj| k|rf/ eof] . g]kfndf
cy{zf:q gfds o; cg'kd u|Gysf] ;Dk"0f{ cg'jfb lj=;+=@)@$;fndf g]kfn
/fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fgaf6 k|sflzt eof] . o;df nueu ()) k[i7 5g\ .
of] ljzfn u|Gy !% v08 cyf{t\ clws/0fdf ljeflht 5 . k|To]s
clws/0fdf cg]s cWofox? 5g\ . sf}l6Non] ;'?b]lv cGt;d k|s/0fnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5g\ . o;/L sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qdf hDdf !*) k|s/0fx?
5g\ . sf}l6Non] cfkm\gf] u|Gydf ^))) Znf]ssf] lgaGw /rgf ul/Psf]
atfPsf 5g\ t/ clxn];Dd k|fKt ljleGg ;+sngx?sf] Znf]s ;+Vof #*) /
hDdf ;"q ;+Vof s/La $*)) x'g cfpF5 . sf}l6Non] cfheGbf @#))
jif{eGbf cl3 n]v]sf] /fhgLlt / cy{zf:q;DaGwL of] ljzfn u|Gy lj=;+=!%))
;Dd k|rlnt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+:s[t efiffdf dfq o;sf kf―r k|sf/sf 6Lsf
-JofVof_ pknAw 5g\ .
cfkm\gf] u|Gysf] k|f/Dedf sf}l6No cfrfo{ z'qm / cfrfo{ a[x:kltsf] k|lt
s[t1tf 1fkg ub}{ ;a} ljBfnfO{ rf/ efudf ljefhg u/]sf 5g\–
!= cfGjLlIfsL – cfGjLlIfs ;a} zf:qx?sf] uxgtfdf k|j]z ug{;Sg] 1fgsf]
k|sfz xf] . o;n] s'g} ;d:ofsf] ljZn]if0f / ;dfwfgsf j}1flgs pkfox?
k|:'tt ug'{sf ;fy} cWoogsf] ljifoj:t'df plrt s] xf] / s'g s'/f plrt
5}g Tof] 5'6\6Øfpg] cfwf/ klg k|bfg u5{ .
@= qoL – qoLcGtu{t lgDglnlvt tLg j]bx? kb{5g\–
-s_ CUj]b -v_ oh'j{]b -u_ ;fdj]b
o;sf cltl/Qm pgn] Oltxf;j]bsf] klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
#= jftf{ – sf}l6Nosf] ljrf/df jftf{zf:qsf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' s[lif xf] . o;sf
;fy} kz'kfng / jfl0fHonfO{ klg pgn] jftf{df ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . o;
ljj/0fn] s] :ki6 u5{ eg] /fhsLo cy{Joj:yf ljifodf k|frLg sfndf
pTs[i6td n]vg sfo{ pknAw lyof] . s[lif, kz'kfng, jfl0fHo, /fhsLo
ljQ, /fhsLo / lghL pBd Joj:yf, cfly{s k|zf;g OToflb cg]s cfly{s
If]qsf] lj:t[t / j}1flgs ljZn]if0f oL cWofox?df ul/Psf] 5 .
pgn] /fHosf #^ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfd / st{Josf] af/]df pNn]v u/]sf
5g\ . cfGtl/s / j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf ;fy} e"ld Joj:yf, k"―hL nufgL
OToflbåf/f /fli6«o cfodf j[l4 ug]{ ljifox? pNn]v 5 . s/ ;+sng ug]{
zf}lNss, s/ ljefu k|d'v,tyf s/f/f]k0fsf lgodsf af/]df ;"Id ljj/0f
lbOPsf] 5 . a9L sf]ifsf] cfjZostf kbf{ lng' kg]{ /fhsLo lg0f{ox?,
/fhsLo sf]if n]vfª\sgsf ljlw, kmfOln+u k|0ffnL / lgodx?sf af/]df
ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . o;afx]s Hofnf, Aofh / gfkmfsf ;}4flGts / sfg"gL
;dfwfgx? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
$= b08gLlt – /fHosf] k|flKt, k|fKt /fHodf nf]s sNof0fsf/L sfd, cfly{s
k|ult, cGo /fi6«;+u ;lGw / lju|xsf gLltx? atfpg] zf:qnfO{ b08gLlt
elgPsf] 5 . sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qdf /fhsfhsf] b[li6n] zf;ssf Jojxf/ /
st{Jo, dGqL, k'/f]lxt, /fhsLo kbflwsf/L, /fhb"t / u'Ktr/ lgo'lQm
;DaGwL ljifosf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . o;df hgkbx?sf] :yfkgf, lsNnf
lgdf{0f, /fhsLo kbflwsf/Lsf rfnrngsf] k/LIff, ;]gf, s[lif, pBf]u
cflbsf k|d'v clwsf/Lx?sf] sfd / st{Josf af/]df pNn]v 5 . o;sf
;fy} ;'ul7t / cg'zfl;t cfGtl/s k|zf;g;DaGwL ljifox?sf] j0f{g 5 .
zflGt ;'/IffnfO{ sf}l6NoLo cy{zf:qdf /fHosf] ;jf{lws dxÎjk"0f{ sfd
atfOPsf] 5 . cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo, ;]gf, /Ifs, /
u'Ktr/ lgsfox?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . wd{zf:qdf cfwfl/t ljlw
;+lxtfsf] ljj/0f tyf gfkmfd'vL Jofkf/L, czflGt dRrfpg] ck/fwL,
k|hfkL8s sd{rf/L cflb ;dfhnfO{ s06s tTÎjx?nfO{ bl08t u/L tx
nufpg] lgodx?sf] j0f{g 5 .
pk;+xf/
sf}l6No / dfS;{ b'a}n] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] bz{gdf Ps ;dfgtf 5 Tof] s] eg]
b'a}n] ef}lts ;'vnfO{ nIo dfg]sf 5g\ . t/ b'a}df cGt/ s] 5 eg] ef}lts
;'vsf s'/f ubf{ sf]l6Non] wd{nfO{ ;w}+ Wofgdf /fv]sf 5g\ . t/ alnof]
/fHo;Qf b'a}sf] ceLi6 xf] . dfS;{n] s]jn ;jf{xf/fsf] clwsf/ :yfkgfdf
Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf 5g\ eg] sf}l6Non] ;dfhdf rlncfPsf k/Dk/f tyf
wgL ul/a b'a}sf lxtnfO{ To;a]nf;Dd ;+/If0f u/]sf 5g\ ha;Dd oL
/fHosf lxt;+u aflem+b}gg\ .
dfS;{ / sf}l6Nosf] t'ngf ubf{ s] s'/fdf klg Wofg lbg'kb{5 eg] dfS;{
Ps bfz{lgs dfq x'g\ . cfkm\gf l;4fGtx?nfO{ pgn] cfkm}+ k|of]u u/]/
k/LIf0f ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . dfS;{sf] bz{gnfO{ n]lggn] w]/} kl5 k|of]udf
NofPsf x'g\ . t/ sf}l6No bfz{lgs dfq xf]Ogg\ . pgL Kn]6f] / Pl/i6f]6n
h:t} /fhwd{sf k|0f]tf, tIflznf ljZjljBfnodf cy{zf:q ljifosf k|d'v
cfrfo{ tyf ;fdflhs bz{gsf/ dfq xf]Ogg\, cfkm\gf l;4fGtsf] ;kmn
k|of]ustf{ klg x'g\ . pgn] rGb|u'Kt df}o{nfO{ /fHo l;+xf;gdf /fv]/ cfkm\gf
cfly{s / /fhg}lts l;4fGtsf] ;kmn k|of]u u/]/ Ps alnof] / ljzfn
;fd|fHo v8f u/] . oL ;a}sf ;fy} pgL cfo{ ;+:s[ltsf] /Iffy{ z:q /
zf:q b'a}sf] p4f/ ug]{ Ps ;}lgs, ;]gfklt, / of]b\wf h:t} s}of+} k6s
hLjg hf]lvddf xfn]/ sfd ug{] sfo{stf{ klg x'g\ .
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lzIfs ;kgf
 lzjz/0f 1jfnL
rf/kfnf, u'NdL
lbgx'F d}n] ;kgf b]V5' lzv/ r9]sf]

sfnL x} u+uf n8La'8L v]Nb} rqmfsf/ au]sf] .
lbP/ xfDnfO{ zflnu|fd ltDn] kljq kf/]sf]
Hof]ltsf] d;fn af]s]/ lx8L pHofnf] 5/]sf] ..
@
;kgf vf]Hb} lx8]sf xfdL /f]lsg' k/]sf]
j/ / kLkn rf}tf/f d'lg 1fg 5 /f]k]sf] .
ltdL g} ;S5f} l6kg eGg] dnfO{ 5 nfu]sf]
To;}n] eG5' l6k x} ltd|} dgleq} n]v]sf] ..
#
s[i0f x'g\ u'/m ;a}sf xfd|f zflnu|fd s'b]sf
xfdL xf}+ r]nf sflnu9 h:tf r]tgf 5/]sf .
;kmn x'G5f+} Pslbg g Pslbg sd{df h'6]sf
cfTd}df ljZjf; x'g' g} k5{ ;a}n] eg]sf ..
$
ckdfg ef]Ub} pk]Iff ef]Ub} 1fg g} afF8]sf
xf/]sf 5}gf}+ efu]sf 5}gf}+ 86]/ n8]sf .
sfFwdf sfFw ldnfO{ xfDn] sd{df v6]sf
;Ddfg u5f}{ ltdL xf} r]nf eljio af]s]sf ..
%
;kgf oxL b]v]sf] d}n] ;a}nfO{ ;'gfsf]
lzv/ r'dL kms{g] lgod ;a}sf] agfsf] ..
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dxfef/tsfnLg gf/L lzIffsf] cj:yf
/ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fdf lzIffsf] k|efj
 dg ulx/]
tfg;]g, kfNkf
wd{u|Gycg';f/ elgG5– gf/Lljgf 3/ cfuFg cw"/f] x'G5 . u[x0fL ljxLg 3/
h+un h:tf] x'G5 . j}lbs sfndf dlxnf k"0f{ :jtGq lyP . gf/Lx? klg
u'/ms'ndf lzIff lnGy] . a|Xdro{ clgjfo{ lyof] / ;xlzIffsf] k|rng lyof] .
j}lbs sfnsf ljåfg\ :qLx?df ljZjj/f, ckfnf, 3f]iff, nf]kfd'b|f, d}q]oL /
ufuL{ x'g\ . logLx?nfO{ Clifs} pkdf lbPsf] kfOG5 . CUb]jdf -cuT:o
d'lgsf ;fy_ nf]kfd'b|f !&( Crfsf /rlotf lyOg\ .
3f]iffsf] cem} pNn]Vo of]Ubfg kfOG5 . 3f]iff s'i7/f]uaf6 kLl8t lyOg\ .
pgn] CUj]bsf] k':ts ;+Vof !) sf] k"/} b'O{ cWofo n]lvg\ h;df k|To]sdf
!$–!$ Znf]s lyP . j}lbs sfnsL dxfg\ bfz{lgs ufuL{ tTsfnLg ldlynf
/fhf hgssf] b/af/s} gj/TgdWo] Ps lyOg\ . j]bsf cg]s Crfsf
/rgfsf ;fy} pgn] ufuL{ ;+lxtf gfds k':ts klg n]lvg\ . j]bsf] /rgfsf]
cf/De @))) O{=k"= af6 z'? ePsf] dflgG5 . klxnf j]bsf] # efu u/] .
CUj]b, oh'{j]{b, ;fdj]b, logLx?nfO{ j]bqoL klg elgG5 . j]bsf] ljefhg
/fdsf] hGd x'g'k"j{ k'?/jf Clifsf] ;dodf ePsf] lyof] . kl5 cyj{ j]bsf]
;+sng Clif cyj{åf/f eof] . s[i0fsf] ;dodf cfP/ j]bJof;n] j]bnfO{
lnlka4 u/] .
dxfef/tsfnLg ;dodf cfdfsf] gfdaf6 ;Gtfgx? lrlgbf Tolta]nf uf}/j
ul/GYof] . kfFr kf08j kf08'k'qeGbf a9L s'GtLk'q of sf}Gt]o eg]/ lrlgP .
b|f}kbL dxfef/tsL ;a}eGbf rlr{t kfq x'g\ . o'lwli7/n] b|f}kbLnfO{ h'jfsf]
bfpdf /fVg' / ;efdf pgsf] ckdfg ePsf 36gfn] km]l/ dlxnfnfO{
;Ddfghgs l:yltdf /fv] klg j:t';/x Jojxf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . oxL
k|;Ëdf eg] dlxnfx? r]tgzLn lyP lsgls b|f}kbLsf] rL/x/0f ubf{ gf/L
hfltsf] ;Ddfg / cfTd;Ddfgsf] s'/f ufGwf/Ln] ;zSt ?kdf p7fPsL
lyOg\ . clwsf/;Fu} st{Josf w]/} s'/fx? klg 5g\ dxfef/t u|Gydf . s0f{n]
cfkm\gL cfdfnfO{ pgsf] pQ/bfloTj af]w u/fPsf] klg kfOG5 .
dxfef/tsfnLg ;dosf dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] ljjfxsf nflu :joDj/
dlxnfsf] /f]hfOcg';f/ g} x'g] uYof]{ . To; ;dodf klg gf/LjfbL k'/mif
lyP . cfTd;DdfgnfO{ dxÎj lbPsf] klg kfOG5 . h:t} b|f}kbLsf] ljzfn
;efdf ;f/L tfGg] k''/mif lyP eg] a]OHht x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] s[i0f klg k'/mif
g} lyP . lzIff u'/ms'n k|0ffnLaf6 lbg] ul/GYof] . lzIff wd{df cfwfl/t
lyof] . o;/L x]bf{ tTsfnLg ;do gf/LlzIffsf] Jofks k|rf/–k|;f/ klg
lyPg . ;du| gf/Lsf nflu pko'Qm lzIff Joj:yf g/x]sf] kfOG5 .
cf}krfl/s ?kdf gf/L lzIffsf] ;'?jft geP tfklg cf>ddf uP/
u'/mx?af6 lzIff lng] k|rng eg] sfod g} lyof] . oL t eP tTsfnLg
;dosf] lzIffsf] cj:yf h'g sdhf]/ g} dflgG5 . dlxnfx? w]/}h;f]
3/leq} /xGy] t/ ;DkGg ju{sf dlxnfx? eg] Tolt a]nf klg lzlIft /
bLlIft ag]sf] kfOG5 .
cfh @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/ klg dlxnfx? k5fl8 k/]sf] cj:yf b]lvPsf]
5 . hlt k9]n]v]sf eP klg 3/sf sfdsfhdf ;Lldt /fVg] k/Dk/f 5 .
5f]/L eg]kl5 e|"0fd} xTof ug]{ ljs[t kIf;d]t ;dfhdf JofKt 5 . gf/L k'/mif
b'an
} fO{ lzIff clgjfo{ ul/Psf] lzIff k|0ffnLdf ljutsf] t'ngfdf w]/} g} k|ult
ePsf] dflgP tfklg dlxnf x/]s If]qdf cem} ;zSt x'g ;s]sf] l:ylt
5}g . t;y{ lzIff clgjfo{ g};lu{s agfOPsf] 5 . lzIffn] g} dlxnfnfO{
;zStLs/0f ub{5 .
lzIffs} dfWodaf6 dlxnfx? ;+;f/sf pRr tx;Dd k'Ug ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
kfls:tfgsL k|wfgdGqL a]g/hL e'§f], ef/tsL k|wfgdGqL OlGb/f ufGwL,
a+unfb]zsL vflnbflhof k|wfgdGqL eP . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klg ;fxgf
k|wfg, zf/bf >]i7, 8f=cf/h' /f0ff, lgndb]jL nufotsf dlxnfx? lzIffn] g}
k|ltli7t aGg k'u]sf 5g\ tfklg cem} 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf lje]b /x]sf] 5 .
5f]/LnfO{ ;/sf/L :s'n 5f]/fnfO{ af]l8{ª :s'n k9fpg] ;+:sf/ k"0f{ ?kdf
x6]sf] 5}g . cem} klg dlxnf k/lge{/tfdf /xg' k/]sf] 5 . cln cln
lzlIft ju{sf eP klg a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofn] ubf{ dlxnfn] cGofo, cTofrf/,
3/]n' lx+;f em]Ng'k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ dlxnfnfO{ ;zQmLs/0f ug{ h?/L
5 . lzIffn] g} cfTdlge{/ agfpFb} cFWof/f]af6 pHofnf]lt/ n}hfG5 . cfkm\gf]
hLjgsf] nflu ax; ug{ ;Ifd agfpF5 . ef}lts of cfWoflTds zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s :t/df dlxnfx?nfO{ cfTdljZjf; a9fP/ ;zSt agfpg] k|lqmof g}
dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f xf] . csf]{ zAbdf ;docg';f/ k|lt:kwf{df ;kmntf k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{ g} ;zQmLs/0f xf] . ;zQmLs/0fn] pgLx?df
n's]sf cGtlg{lxt Ifdtf, 1fg / l;ksf] phfu/ ug'{ g} jf:tjdf
;zQmLs/0f xf] .
;|f]t–;fwgx?df kx'Fr tyf lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{' g}
;zStLs/0f xf] . ;du|df eGg' kbf{ dlxnf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts,
z}lIfs x/]s If]qdf ;xeflutf, kx'Fr, lgoGq0f, pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] 1fg, ;Lk,
Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 tyf ljsf; ug]{ eg]/ klg a'lemG5 . dlxnfn] cfkm"nfO{
ePsf ;a} vfn] lx+;f, cGofo, cTofrf/ / e]befjsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg Pj+
ljZn]if0f u/L To;af6 pTkGg ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L ;f] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ cfkm\gf] of]Ubfg / lhDd]jf/L s] x]f < eGg] / plrt ljsNkx? kQf
nufpg] / To;}sf nflu k|of; ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{ g} ;zQmLs/0f xf] .
;zQmLs/0fn] vf; u/L cfkm\gf /mlrcg';f/sf] s'/f cleJoSt ug{ ;Sg]
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ub{5 . ;|f]t–;fwgdf kx'Fr a9fpg'sf] ;fy} lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf
tyf cfTdljZjf; k|bfg ub{5 . ;zQmLs/0fn] k|foM cfh ljZjdf g}
ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? t ePs} 5g\ . ToxfF kx'Frjfnfx?, wgL / zlQmzfnL
ju{sf dlxnfn] dfq kmfObf lnPsf] kfOG5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf ;a} Ps} vfnsf
ju{ klg t 5}gg\ . pRr ju{, dWod ju{, lgDg ju{ 5g\ h;nfO{ ;d]6\g
g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . h;n] u|fdL0f If]qsf ljkGg ju{sf, k5fl8 k/]sf
ju{x?nfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbP/ pgLx?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{ ;zQmLs/0fn]
g} ub{5 . lk5l8Psf hfthftlx?, dlxnf, e"ldxLg / ;LdfGts[tx?nfO{
x/]s tx / tKsfdf, of]hgfdf, lg0f{o k|lqmofdf, sfof{Gjogdf / d"Nof°g
k|lqmofdf k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fpg] cjwf/0ff g} ;zQmLs/0f xf] .
dlxnfsf] ljsf; ta x'g ;Sb5 ha dlxnfnfO{ lzlIft agfP/ ljsf;
k|lqmofdf ;d]6\g'sf ;fy} dlxnf / ljsf; k|lqmof aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{
Jojl:yt u/]/ dfq ;fFrf] cy{df dlxnfsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sg] / dlxnfsf]
ljsf;df k'/mifnfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] klg
kfOG5 . ;g\ !(*) sf bzsb]lv h]08/ ljsf; cjwf/0ff cfPsf] kfOG5 .
h]08/ / ljsf; cjwf/0ffdf dlxnf / k'/mif b'a}sf] lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ lbuf] / ;dtfd"ns ljsf;df hf]8 lbPsf] klg kfOG5 . of]
cjwf/0ff cfP klg d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ?kdf cfwf cfsfz 9fs]sf dlxnfx?
ljsf; k|lqmofdf g;d]l6g'nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 eg] of] cjwf/0ffn] c;dfg
n}l·s ;DaGwnfO{ ;d:ofsf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5 .
;zQmLs/0fn] c;dfgtfsf sf/sx?k|ltsf] ;hutf, cfkm\gf 36gfx?tkm{
cfkm}nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ Ifdtf / ;+/rgfTds c;dfgtfsf] Go"gLs/0f ug{ /
pTkfbgzLn ;fwg–;|f]tdflysf] kx'FrnfO{ a9fpg d2t ub{5 .
;zQmLs/0fdf lzIffsf] cxd\ e"ldsf /xG5 . JolQmsf] JolStÎj lgdf{0f ug]{
b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwg ug]{, k"FhLsf] nufgLaf6 clwstd
kmfObf lng / dlxnfsf] pTyfg ug{ x/]s tx / tKsfdf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg
;xeflutfd"ns 9+uaf6 k'/Øfpg klg lzIffn] d2t u5{ . dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f
ug{df ;j{k|yd lzIffsf] dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . ha;Dd dlxnfx? lzlIft
x'g ;Sb}gg\ ta;Dd ;zSt x'g klg ;Sb}gg\ . ;fdflhs k5f}6]kgaf6
dlxnfO{ dfly psf:g dlxnfsf] cfTd;Ddfg a9fpg] tÎj lzIff g} xf] .
lzIffsf] k|efjn] g} dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f x'g hfG5 / h;n] dlxnfsf]
hLjgnfO{ g} pTkfbzLn / l;h{gzLn agfpg d2t u5{ . k|To]s JolQmsf]
JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] xgg geO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs ;'lglZrt ug{
;zQmLs/0fsf] e"ldsf cxd\ x'G5 . x'g t dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fdf s]xL afwf
Jojwfgx? cjZo klg 5g\ . h:tf] ls clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfg"g aGg
g;Sg', n}lª\us lje]b sfod} /xg', 3/]n' tyf of}ghGo lx+;f Jofks?kdf
ljBdfg /xg' / o:tf lx+;fnfO{ :jefljs ?kdf lnOg' / gLlt lgdf{0f txdf
/fhgLlts Pj+ ;/sf/L k|lqmofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf Go"g x'g', hghflt
dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjdf sdL x'g', c;dfg Hofnf sfod x'g' dlxnfsf]
pTkfbgd"ns sfo{sf] d"Nof°g gul/g', dlxnf lzIffdf kx'Fr sd xF'b} hfg'
h:tf ;d:of /x]sf 5g\ .
o;/L dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f ug{sf nflu lzIffdf gf/L ;xelfutf j[l4
u/fpgsf nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf z}lIfs cj;/x? k|bfg ub}{ hfg' kg]{
x'G5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{sf nflu klg ;j{k|yd lzIffsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
lg/If/tf x6fO{ ;fIf/ agfpg cf}krfl/s cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf x/]s
dfWodaf6 ;fIf/tf cleofg rnfpg h?/L 5 . u|fdL0f If]qsf dlxnfx?nfO{
/f]huf/sf cj;/x? l;h{gf ug{ h?/L 5 . n}lª\us lje]bsf] cGTosf
nflu hgr]tgf hufpg h?/L 5 . dlxnf ;dfgtfsf nflu :jf:Yo lzIff,
l;kd"ns lzIff lbb} /fHoaf6 C0f ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ug{ klg h?/L
b]]lvG5 .
:yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnf ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f ug{sf nflu
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf ljljw sfo{of]hgf agfO{ dlxnf
;zQmLs/0f ug{ clt cfjZos 5 . dlxnfsf] k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg xs,
;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs Gofosf] If]qdf ePsf k|of;af6 s]xL ;'wf/
b]lvg yfn] klg oltn] x'g] 5}g . lzIffdf nufgL a9fpFb} lzlIft / ;r]t
t'NofO{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f cleofgnfO{ ;d'bfo:t/d} k'/ØfO{ ;a} txdf
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ kxn ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] / 3/]n'
lx+;f, anfTsf/, dfgj a]rljvg h:tf h3Go cfk/flws ultljlw lgoGq0f
ug{ / ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngsf ;Demf}tf / k|lta4tfnfO{ sfod /fVg
s8f sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog u/L Jofjxfl/s txdf ptfg{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:tf
kLl8t ju{x?nfO{ tTsfn p4f/ tyf ;xof]usf nflu /fxt sf]ifx?sf]
:yfkgf u/L Joj:yfkg / kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cem} a9jf lbg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
cGTodf, xfd|f] ;dfh, xfd|f wfld{s d"No–dfGotf / lkt[;QfTds ;f]rsf
sf/0f cem} klg dlxnfx? /fHosf k|To]s tx / tKsfdf k'Ug ;s]sf
5}gg\ . ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxLs/0fdf cfzftLt k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
dlxnflj?4 x'g] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo lsl;dsf lx+;fhGo sfo{nfO{
sfg"gn] lg?T;flxt ug{ g;Sg' h:tf d''Vo ;d:ofx? HoF"sfToF" 5g\ . t;y{
dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f x'g' h?/L 5 . To;sf nflu lzIffsf] ljsf; eP dfq
gf/L pTyfg x'g ;S5 . t;y{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fdf lzIffsf] k|efj /
;DaGw cof]Gofl>t /x]s]f 5 .
;Gbe{–;fdu|L
à 7"nf] dxfef/t
à l;8
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ls/0f
k':tsfnoåf/f
k|sflzt tyf
k|f=8f= afa'/fd
1jfnLåf/f lnlvt
…cfwf lh:tfÚ
k9\g'eof] t <
of}g lzIff k/Dk/f
 pQ/s'df/ k/fh'nL
c3f{vfFrL
xfn M sf7df8f}+
k|hgg cËnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn cË ePsf] 7x/ u/L a9\tf ;'/Iffsf] rf;f] /fVg]
ul/of] . To;}n] c? cËx? v'n} /xg] cj:yf eP klg k|hgg cËnfO{
9fs5f]k ug]{ ul/of] . To;}n] tL cË u'Kt cËsf] gfdn] lrlgP . u'KtfË
elgof] . ;a}n] Psgf;sf] Jojxf/ u?g\ eg]/ tL cËx? 9fs5f]k gug]{nfO{
nfh ;/dsf] kl/efiff l;sfOof] . clg tL cËsf] af/]df rrf{ kl/rrf{ ul/g'
cZnLn, clzi6 eGg yflnof] . clg t of}g lzIff lj:tf/} /x:osf] ljifo
aGb} uof] .
xfd|f] k|frLg lzIff k/Dk/fn] of}g lzIffnfO{ g cfhsf] h:tf] /x:odo
agfPsf] 5 g cfhs} h:tf] pQfpnf] / 5f8f . x/xd];f of}g pQ]hgfdf
/dfpg rfxg] JolQmnfO{ c;fWo} lgDg:t/sf] bhf{df /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
jLo{nfO{ an, z"¥ofOF, ljj]s, cfTdljZjf; tyf cfTdansf] cfwf/lznfsf]
?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . o; s'/fnfO{ ;xh ?kdf a'emfpg xfQL / l;+xsf]
pbfx/0f w]/} ;Gbe{df lbOPsf] x'G5 xfQLnfO{ sfd's hgfj/sf] ?kdf
lnP/ . l;+xsf] z"¥ofOF / ef]nf]efnf]kg sd of}gfrf/sf] sf/0f dflgG5 . l;+x
sd of}g Jojxf/ ug]{ k|f0fL dflgG5 . of}gfr/0fsf] ljifodf s'/f ubf{
kfZrfTo bz{gsf x:tL z's/ftnfO{ klg ;Demg] ul/G5 . pgL klg
ljj]szLn JolQm sfdjf;gfaf6 6f9f /xg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf lyP . pgsf
af/]df sxfjt 5— pQd JolQmn] hLjgdf Ps k6s dfq ;Def]u ug{'k5{ Tof]
klg ;Gtfgsf p2]Zon] . of] ;fx|} c;+ej nfU5 eg] jif{sf] Psk6s u/f];\,
Tof] klg Ct'sfnsf] ;dodf . Tof] klg sd eof] eg] dlxgfsf] Ps k6s
u/f];\, Ct'sfnsf] ;dodf . o;df klg 7xg{ g;Sg] JolQm hf] 5 Tof]
kltt xf] . To;n] 6fpsf]df sfqf] afFw]/ h] dg nfU5 To} u/f];\ . of]
6fpsf]sf] sfqf] eGg] s'/fn] of}g lqmofnfO{ :jf:Yol;t hf]8]sf] b]lvG5 .
a[xbf/0osf]klgifb\ cWofo ^ sf] rt'y{ a|fXd0fdf ;Gtfgf]TklQ lj1fgsf]
af/]df JofVof ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . -pklgifb\ sfn cfheGbf @#)) jif{b]lv
#))) jif{sf] cl3sf] dflgG5 ._ o;df z'qmf0f' / l8DanfO{ JolQmsf
;f/f]Qd;f/ j:t'sf] ?kdf JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . dGq ! df elgPsf] 5—
r/fr/ k|f0fL tyf j:t'sf] cfwf/ jf ;f/ k[YjL xf] . k[YjLsf] cfwf/ jf ;f/
-o;sf] dtnj k[YjLnfO{ cy{k"0f{ agfpg]_ hn xf] . hnsf] cfwf/ jf ;f/
cf}iflw xf] . -hLjhGt'sf] vfBj:t'df /; eg{ g;Sg] hn hn g} xf]Og eGg]
;Gbe{df . ljleGg sf/vfgfaf6 k|b"lift kfgLn] l;FrfO ubf{ afnL ;vfk x'g]
h:tf] kfgLnfO{ jf:tljs kfgL gelgg] ;Gbe{df ._ cf}iflwsf] ;f/ km"n xf] .
km"nsf] ;f/ kmn xf] . -h'g km"ndf kmn nfUb}g To; km"nsf] s] cy{ x'G5
/ <_ kmnsf] ;f/ aLh xf] . aLhsf] ;f/ z'qm / l8Da xf] .
dGq @ df k|hfklt cyf{t\ ;[li6stf{n] z'qmsf] k|lti7fkg ug{sf nflu
k'/mifsf] lnË / :qLsf] of]lgsf] Joj:yf u/] eGb} of] of}g ;+;u{ ef]u a'l4sf
nflu geP/ pQd ;Gtfg pTkfbgsf nflu xf] / of] wd{;Ddt 5 elgPsf]
5 . u[x:yf>d / t?0f cj:yfdf of] 7Ls 5 t/ afn, a||Xdrf/L, j[4,
jfgk|:y / ;+Gof;Lsf nflu of] TofHo 5 . c;fdlos ef]u / TofHo hgsf
nflu oL s'/f cZnLn x'g\ egL kf7snfO{ ToxL ;Gbe{df a'‰g elgPsf] 5 .
dGq # df elgPsf] 5 — hf] of] s'/fsf] dd{ hfgL a'emL ;Def]udf ;xefuL
x'G5g\ ltgLx?nfO{ afhk]o o1 u/] ;dfgsf] k'0o ldN5 . lsgls
of}gfr/0fsf] pko'Qm cj:yfsf kfqsf nflu pk:y]lGb|o -hgg]lGb|osf]
;]/f]km]/f]sf] efu_ j]bL xf] . /f}Fx? s'z x'g\ . of]lgsf] dWo ljGb'sf] efu xf]d
s'08sf] clUg xf], lnË ;'/f] -£o", r? xf]d ug]{ ;fwg_ xf] .
dGq $ df Ct'sfnsf] ;+;u{df afx]s jLo{:vng x'g' x'Fb}g / ePdf
k|folZrQ ug{'k5{ egL jLo{ ;+/If0fsf af/]df ;r]t u/fOPsf] 5 . dflysf]
cj:yfdf olb klt–kTgLdWo] s;}n] ;Def]usf] cj;/ glbPdf >fk nfU5
egL dGq & df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;kl5 dGq !! ;Dd ;Def]usf]
cj:yfdf klt–kTgL b'a}df pRr pQ]hgf x'g'kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu ul/g]
;"Idflt;"Id s'/fx?sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . dGq !@ df k/k'/mif;Fu kNs]sL
:qL jf k/:qL;Fu kNs]sf] k'/mifnfO{ tx nufpg] tflGqs ljlw /x]sf] 5 .
/h:jnf ePkl5 ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg], rf/ lbgkl5 hfF3sf] Jofofd x'g]
vfnsf sfd ug]{, clg 5f]/f jf 5f]/L s] hGdfpg] / s:tf] j0f{sf] -sfnf],
uf]/f], w}F;]= =_ hGdfpg] rfxgf xf] ;f]xLcg';f/ b;f}F lbgkl5 cfdfsf]
vfgkfgsf] af/]df ljleGg pkb]z /x]sf dGqx? -!#—@@_ 5g\ . dGq @# n]
k|;"lt x'g nfUbf s]–s] ug{'k5{ eGg] tflGqs ljlw pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . dGq
@$ df ;Gtfg hlGdPkl5 bxL, dx / £o" ld;fP/ ;GtfgnfO{ a'afn] sfvdf
lnP/ cl:dg ;x;|d\= = dGqn] dGq]/ xf]d ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . dGq @% df
elgPsf] 5— hGd]sf] aRrfnfO{ afa'n] sfvdf lnP/ bfofF sfgdf jfu\ jfu\
jfu\ tLgk6s eGg] . o;sf] dtna xf] of] ;Gtfg tLgj6} j]bsf] 1ftf
agf];\ . o;kl5 £o", dx / bxL ld;fPsf] n]knfO{ z'4 ;'gsf] rDrfn]
r6fpFb} ltdLdf e"nf]s, e'jnf]{s / :ju{nf]s :yflkt u5{' eGg'k5{ . -dGq—
cyf:o blIf0f+ s0f{dlelgwfo jfu\ jflult lq/y blw dw' 3[t ;+gLofgGtlx{t]g
hft?k]0f k|fzolt . e":t] bwfld e'j:t] bwfld :j:t] bwfld e"e'{jM:jM ;j{+
Tjlo bwfdLlt .. @% .._ @^ cf}F dGq— o;kl5 cyf{t\ kRrL;f}F dGq;Ddsf]
lqmofsnfkkl5 pQm ;Gtfgsf] gfd /fVg" æltdL j]b xf}Æ eGb} . of] gfds/0f
;+:sf/cl3sf] cyf{t\ hGdbfs} lbgsf] ePsf] x'gfn] of] gfd uf]Ko jf u'Kt
gfd x'G5 . -cyf:o gfd s/f]lt j]bf]˜;Llt tb:o tb u'Xod]j gfd
ejlt ._ o;kl5 aRrfnfO{ cfdfsf] sfvdf lbP/ Jojl:yt ?kn] b"w
lkofpg" cyf{t\ :tgkfg u/fpg" elgPsf] 5 .
pklgifb\df ;[li6nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu Jojl:yt of}gfr/0f cfjZos
/x]sf] s'/f :ki6 b]lvof] . ca xfd|f] sfo{Jojxf/df /x]sf s'/fx?sf] rrf{
u/f}F . dlxnfx?sf] rf8sf] ?kdf rlr{t tLhsf] k~rdL cyf{t\ Clif
k~rdLdf elgg] syfn] dlxnfsf] /h:jnfsf] cj:yfnfO{ OGb|n] j[qf;'/nfO{
dfbf{ nfu]sf] a|Xd3ftsf] rf}yfO bf]if eGg] ul/G5 . -c? tLg rf}yfOdWo]
kfgLsf] lkmFhdf, j~h/ hldgdf / klxnf] lwKsf] 5'6\bfsf] w'Fjfl;tsf] cfufsf]
Hjfnfdf elgG5 ._ o; s'/fnfO{ ;sf/fTds lsl;dn] lng] xf] eg] clt
sfd's k'/mifaf6 dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg / /Qm;|fjsf] a]nfdf cf/fd ug{sf
nflu 5"t afg]{ s'/f k|tLsfTds / lgs} j}1flgs 5 . t/ of] s'/f dlxnfn]
;f]emf;f]em a'‰g] / xLgtfaf]w ug{'rflxF eg] /fd|f] xf]Og . lsgls z'4 kfgLdf
lkmFh cfpFb}g . To;}n] lkmFh cfpg] kfgLdf a|Xd3ft 5 eGg] s'/f slt ;/n
5, k|b"lift kfgLaf6 hf]lug] pkb]z . pko'Qm lsl;dn] ghn]sf] cj:yfsf]
w'Fjf lgs} b"lift x'G5 . o;af6 hf]lug'k5{ eGg' t /fd|f] xf] . ?v la?jf,
emf/ cflb s]xL gePsf] hldg /fd|f] xf]Og . o:tf hldgnfO{ x/fe/f kfg{'k5{{
eGg] ;Gb]z klg t plQs} /fd|f] 5 .
lxGb" k/Dk/fsf s]xL zfvfdf klxnf] k6s /hf]jtL x'Fbf -/h:jnf x'Fbf_ !!
cxf]/fq ;"o{nfO{ / k'/mifnfO{ gb]Vg] u/L aGb sf]7fdf /fVg] ul/G5 . of]
P3f/ lbg g} lsg /fVg] ul/P xf]nf < o;sf] jf:tljs JofVofl;tsf] k|df0f
t kfOPsf] 5}g t/ klg ;"ts P3f/ lbg afg]{ ePsf]n] To;}cg';f/ ul/P
xf]nf eGg ;lsG5 . 5"t afg]{ k/Dk/f >4f / ;+j]bgzLntfsf] sf/0fn] ;'?
ePsf] b]lvG5 / clxn] x]nf / 3[0ffdf ?kfGt/0f eP/ cdfgjLo ck/fwsf]
sf]l6df k'u]sf] 5 . -ljz]if u/L dWoklZrd g]kfndf /x]sf] ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf /
/h:jnf x'Fbfsf] 5fpk8L k|yf o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] ._ ;'Ts]/L ePsf]
P3f/ lbgkl5 csf]{ P3f/ lbg;Dd ;fdfGo 5f]Og eP klg 5f]Psf] kfgL
gvfg] elgG5 . o;kl5 /fd|/L lxF88'n ug{ ;Sg] ePkl5 rf/ kfFr dlxgf
;'Ts]/L kf]lifg egL dfOtLn] n}hfg] rng /x]sf] 5 . of] ;a} dlxnfsf nflu
cf/fd lbg] ;Gbe{df agfOPsf] rng xf] / k/f]If ?kdf of}g lzIff klg .
cª\u|]hL efiffdf >dnfO{ Labour elgG5 / ;'Ts]/L x'g] sfdnfO{ jf
cj:yfnfO{ klg Labour elgG5 . o;n] klg ;'Ts]/LnfO{ cf/fdsf]
cfjZostfsf] ;°]t u5{ .
of}g lzIffnfO{ ;+:sfl/t ug{ ljz]if u/L :qL hfltsf nflu klxnf]
/h:jnfsf avt !! lbg;Dd cFWof/f] sf]7fdf /fv]/ dlxnfn] g} of] lzIff
lbg] ljwfg ag]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] tL lbgx?df ;"o{sf] / db{sf] d'v
b]Vg' x'Fb}g elgof] . ;"o{nfO{ gx]g{" eg]sf] cFWof/f]df /xg" eg]sf] xf] / k'/mif
JolQmnfO{ gx]g{" jf gb]Vg" eg]sf] ljk/Lt lnËsf] ;fIffTsf/sf] ;f]r gxf];\
elgPsf] x'g ;S5 . ;'?sf] /h:jnfsf tL P3f/ lbgdf kl/kSj
dlxnfx?n] tL /hf]jtL gfgLnfO{ cfkm\gf] cg'ej;lxt of}g lzIffsf af/]df
pkb]z ug]{ u/] xf]nfg\ . of}g lzIff cZnLn / nfhsf] ljifosf] ?kdf
:yflkt ePsf]n] pHofnf]df jQmfsf] cleJolQm /fd|/L v'Ng / >f]tfn] d'vfd'v
u/]/ ;'Gg] kl/j]zsf] c;xhtf egf}F jf To;/L s'/f ubf{ lszf]/Lx? nfhn]
/ftf]lk/f] x'g] / jQmfnfO{ klg of}ghGo s'/f d'vdf x]/]/ eGgsf c;lhnfn]
cFWof/f] sf]7fsf] kl/sNkgf u/] xf]nfg\ . o;} ;Gbe{df k"jL{o ;+:s[ltsf
cWo]tf k|f= >Lw/ dhu}ofFnfO{ ;f]Wbf pxfFn] eGg'eof] — xfd|f k|frLg
u|Gyx?df /hf]jtL af/gfsf] ljwfg 5 t/ o;sf] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f ePsf]
kfOFb}g . ;+:s[ltljb\ ;Todf]xg hf]zL;Fu æg]jf/L k/Dk/fdf lszf]/Lx?nfO{
/h:jnf x'g'k"j{ !@ lbg u'kmf /fVg] rng s] of}g lzIffsf nflu x'g;S5 <Æ
eGg] k|Zg ubf{ pxfFsf] hjfkm lyof]— u'kmf /flv;s]kl5 /h:jnf x'Fbf
afg{'kb}{g eGg] k/Dk/fcg';f/ /h:jnf gx'Fb}sf gfgLx?nfO{ u'kmf /fVg]
ul/G5 . of] k/Dk/f ljz]if u/L :jf:Yol;t ;DalGwt b]lvG5 . of}g lzIffsf]
nflu eGg] st} cflwsfl/s k|df0f e]l6Psf] 5}g . o;} ;Gbe{df g]jf/L
;+:sf/nfO{ /fd|f];Fu a'em]sL dlxnf kDkmf >]i7nfO{ ætL u'kmf a:bfsf lbgx?
s;/L s6fpg] ul/G5 < s]xL syf, /h:jnf x'Fbf Vofn ug{'kg]{;DaGwL kfsf
dlxnfsf cg'ej ;'gfpg] h:tf s'/f ul/G5 ls eGbf pxfFn] eGg'eof]—
xf]Og, To:tf] s]xL x'Fb}g . g'xfOw'jfO ug]{, ;/;kmfO ug]{, /fd|f kf]lifnf
vfg]s'/f kmnkm"n vfg lbg] / ;do s6fpg gfrufg ug]{, k'tnL agfpg]
l;Fufg]{ cflb sfd ul/G5 . clg afx|f}F lbgsf] laxfg pHofnf] gx'Fb}
g'xfOw'jfO u/]/ z'4 x'g] / ;"of]{bosf] a]nf sfF;sf] yfndf kfgL /fvL
kfgLdf ;"o{sf] 5fofF bz{g u/]kl5 u'kmfsf] sfo{qmd ;dfKt x'G5 .
ljz]if u/L ldlynf If]qdf rrf{ x'g] dlxnf s]lGb|t ;+:sf/ dw'>fj0fLdf of}g
lzIffsf ;Gbe{ 5g\ ls egL To;sf hfgsf/ pd]znfn s0f{l;t s'/f ubf{
pxfFn] eGg'eof]— dw' >fj0fL ;fpg dlxgfdf a|fXd0fdf sfo:y hfltsf
ljjflxt dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\sf] cfo'cf/f]Uosf] sfdgf u/L dgfOg] ;+:sf/
xf] . ljjfxsf] klxnf] ;fpg dlxgf cyf{t\ dw' >fj0fLnfO{ cem ljz]if
lsl;dn] dgfpg] ul/G5 . oL hfltdf /h:jnfsf] cj:yfdf eujfg\nfO{ k"hf
ug]{, w"k hnfpg] h:tf sfdafx]s cGo sfddf af/gf x'Fb}g . /h:jnfsf]
avt ;+;u{ gug]{ eGg] clnlvt tyf cJoQm k/Dk/f 5 .
xfd|f] u|fdL0f kl/j]zdf of}g lzIffsf] Jofks rrf{ x'g] ;Gbe{ dlxnfsf nflu
/Tof}nL cyjf lhpFtL xf] eg] k'/mifx?sf nflu jgdf ufOg] kmfu' cyjf jg
kmfu' xf] . lhpFtLdf s]jn dlxnfsf] dfq ;xeflutf x'G5 t/ jg kmfu'rflxF
slxn]sfxL+ dlxnf k'/mifsf] bf]xf]/L klg rNg ;S5 .
ljjfxsf nflu b'nfxfsf 3/af6 b'nfxf;lxt hGtL b'nxLsf 3/lt/ lxF8]kl5
ljz]if u/L /fltdf /lt/fuo'Qm uLt / clegol;tsf] gfr g} lhpFtL xf] .
o; ;+:sf/n] cljjflxt s]6Lx?nfO{ of}g lzIffk|ltsf] lh1f;f hufOlbG5 .
o;df dlxnf dfq ;xefuL x'G5g\ elgP klg lh1f;' egf}F jf Otl/Psf
s]6fx?n] n'sLl5kL x]g]{ ;'Gg] u5{g\ . l5lxlNnP/ gfrufg ul//x]sf
dlxnfnfO{ ufO{e}F;Lsf] uf]a/n] xfg]/ x}/fg kfg]{ sfd klg tL s]6fx?sf] x'g]
u5{ .
k'/mif lgif]lwt pQm lqmofsnfkdf Ps k6s b|i6f / >f]tfsf] ?kdf / Ps
k6s >f]tfsf] ?kdf a:g] cj;/ o; kª\lQmsf/nfO{ h'/]sf] 5 . klxnf]
k6s cfkm\g} bfOsf] ljjfxdf, pd]/ lyof] ;f9] 5 jif{ . bf];|f] cfkm\g} sfG5f
;fnfsf] ljjfxdf . e/ lbgsf] k}bn lx8\g'kg]{ nfdf] ofqf eg]/ bfOsf] hGt
d nluOg eg] ;fnf]sf] lax]sf] lgDtf]df ;;'/fnL uPsf] a]nf 9f8 ;8\s]/
xnrn ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf lhpFtL ;'g]/-x]/]/ xf]Og_ a;]F .
Tof] a]nf /fltsf /dfOnf sfo{qmddf ehg, tLhsf uLt, e}nf] gfr, e}/fd
-e}/j gfr_ x'Gy] . cfkm\gf ufpFeGbf 6f9f e}/fd gfRbf a'afn] af]s]/ nu]/
sfw]s'/L /fv]/ x]g{ kfPsf] ofb 5 . To;} u/]/ ehg ;'Gg uOGYof]
xh'/a'afsf kl5 nfu]/ . ehgsf cy{ ga'em] klg /fu tfn ;'lgGYof] . gfr
x]l/GYof] . lgb nfu] xh'/afs} sf]vfdf ;'ltGYof] . t/ lhpFtLsf] cj;/
h'/]sf] lyPg .
bfOsf] laxfsf] lbgsf] ;fFem dfG5] hDdf x'g yfn] . 3/df km'k"x?, efGhL
lbbLx? klg x'g'x'GYof] . k|foM d}n] b]v]–hfg]sf tn–dflysf xh'/cfdfx?,
cfdfx? tL cfdfx?sf ;fydf cfpg] lbbL alxgLx? lyP . tL l5d]sL
cfdfx?n] To; lbg c? lbgdf h:tf] Jojxf/ b]vfO/x]sf lyPgg\ . of]
bfOsf hGt uPg5 eg]/ ;a}h;f]n] dnfO{ eGy] . cfdfnfO{ b'nfxfsL cfdf==
o:tf] p:tf] eg]/ clt 7f8f 7f8f s'/f uy]{ . d]/f nflu cln 3f]rk]r h:tf
nfUg] s'/f klg cfdf xfF;L xfF;L ;xg'x'GYof] . Tof] t v'zLofnLdf /dfOnf]
u/]/ lhl:sPsf] /x]5 . t/ d}n] eg] cfh a'af, xh'/a'af, bfO gePsf]
a]nfdf cfdfsf] kIfaf6 k|ltjfb ug]{ sf]xL gePsf] x'gfn] x]k]sf] cy{df a'‰g]
uy{]F . d]/L sfG5L km'k" cln af]nfsL x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] cem w]/} To:tf]
Jojxf/ b]vfpg' x'GYof] . kGw« jif{sL lbbL klg cfdfsf] kIfdf gaf]Nbf dnfO{
p7\g';Dd l/; p7\Yof] . k|To]s cfuGt'ssf cfdfk|ltsf] Jojxf/sf] ;l~rt
clen]v /fVg] sfd d]/f] eof] . ha lhpFtL ;'? x'g nfUof] clg dnfO{
;a}h;f]n] ;'Tg hf, leq uP/ ;'t\ eGg nfu] . cfdfnfO{ x]kfxf Jojxf/
ug]{x?n] eg]sf] s'/f dnfO{ emg\ pN6f] nfUof] . pgLx? hlt ;'t\, ;'Tg hf
eGy] d]/f] lgb emg\\ emg\ x/fpFb} uof] .
lhpFtL ;'? eof] . uLt /fd|f] nosf lyP . cGTofg'k|f;n] nodf cem ld7f;
yk]sf] x'GYof] . dfbnsf] tfnn] cem /fd|f] ;'lgGYof] . t/ tL uLtdf klg d]/L
cfdfnfO{ 5]kg xfg]sf, x]k]sf s'/f ePsf x'Gy] . cfdfnfO{ eg] xfF;Lv';L g}
b]Vy] . cfdfsf] xfF;Lv';LnfO{ d}n] pxfFsf] lg/Lxtfsf] k/fsfi7f-c? s'g}
pkfo gx'gfn] s/ann] xfF:g' k/]sf] l:ylt_sf] ?kdf a'‰y]F . cfdfnfO{ x]Kg]
uLt o:t} o:t} x'Gy] —
u}/L v]t kmfFs6 l;l//fO/fO
3'dfp/] s'nf] /] l;l//fO/fO
b'nfxfsL cfdfsf] l;l//fO/fO
k'7f] slt 7"nf] /] l;l//fO/fO
xfF]Ss/ k:g] b'nf] /] l;l//fO/fO .
o:tf uLt ufpFbf lbbLn] k|ltjfb gu/]sf] / sfG5L km'k" t oxL uLtdf
xFl;nf] cg'xf/l;t clego ub}{ 9NsL9NsL gfr]sf] b]v]/ dnfO{ p7\g;Dd
l/; p7]sf] lyof] . Tof] l/; kl5;Dd d/]]sf] lyPg .
lhpFtLdf gfRg] ufpg]nfO{ rfdnsf] kL7f] -k'jf_ / crf/ lbg] rng lyof] .
k|foM /f]kfOFdf, cem egf}F eg] 7"nf] v]tsf] /f]kfOFdf pQd :t/sf] gf:tfsf
nflu agfOg] To:tf] vfg]s'/fnfO{ nIo ub}{ ufOPsf] uLt klg d]/f nflu
kL8fbfos aGof] .
e}F;L d]/f] s]Fj/fn] kf8f] kfof] a]n] d]/f afb'/} kf8f] kfof] a]n] .
lhpFtLsf] sfFrf] kL7f] vfG5 d]/f Pn] d]/f afb'/} vfG5 d]/f Pn] .
d]/L cfdfsf] vfgf ksfpg] ;Lk gePsf] egL x]k]/ lbPsf] wDsL jf r'gf}tL
a'em]/ dnfO{ lgs} b'Mv nfu]sf] lyof] . dgel/ o:t} kL8fsf /fFsf afn]/
/ftel/ lhpFtL ;'g]/ x]/]/ a;]F . 8fF8f ufpFsL gO;/L lbbL / s'Fj/ 6f]nfsL
aNn]rf}/] kjL km'k" Tof] sfo{qmdsf hNbfaNbf gflosf lyP . krf; sf6]sf]
pd]/sf dlxnfn] u/]sf] /lt/fusf] 5l/tf] clegosf] b[Zo clxn] klg
emNemnL cfpF5 / cgf}7f] nfU5 . d]/L lbbLn] bfOsf n'uf nufP/ lr7L
jfrg k|x;g ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
:j:tL l;/L 5 l;/L== = = = = lr/L .
c? oxfF n]Vg ;lsg] vfnsf uLtdWo]sf] Pp6f uLt
ToxLF kf/L agdf afv«f x]g]{ e'Nn], d]/f afb'/} afv«f x]g]{ e'Nn] .
sDd/ /fd|f] k6'sLn] 5ftL /fd|f] b"w\n], d]/f afb'/} 5ftL /fd|f] b"wn] .
;fnfsf laxfdf eg] of}ghGo uLt ufOPgg\ . To;sf] sf/0f d lyPF . s]xL
;DemL l6lkPsf uLtx? o:t} lyP .
xfd/f afnf laxf ug{ uPsf rf/} lbzf rf/} aQL aflnlbP x} .
rf/} lbzf rf/} aQL aflnlbP x} .
xfd/f afnf laxf ug{ uPsf /fd|/L lhpFtL ufOlbP x} .
/fd|/L lhpFtL ufOlbP x} .
=====
ds}df nfu] k'tnf k'tnL rfdn' nfu] 3'g . c/] af]O{ o rfdn' nfu] 3'g .
ToxL kf/L 8fF8fdf laxf ug{ hfFb} s;sf afnf x'g\ <
c/] af]O{ o s;sf afnf x'g\ <
= = = = = = = xfd/f afnf x'g\ .
cfh Nofof] efOn] ;'gsf] ;f8L
e/] NofpF5 efOn] dgsL lkof/L .
slQsf] OhtL xf]nf
bf]xf]/f] bfOhf] b]nf ls gb]nf .
slQsf]= = =
;'gsf] l;qmL b]nf ls gb]nf .
sfgdf uf]/v', xftdf 38L, kTy/ cf}F7L b]nf ls gb]nf = =
xfd|f] efO a9]sf] ;Nnf
cf]9fpFb} 5 clxn] bf];Nnf .
a}7s sf]7Lsf] sGt'/
xfNb} xf]nf clxn] l;Gb"/ .
lhldg} ysf{of] e}Frfnfn], a'xf/L sHofpnL o} rfnfn] .
lhldg} ysf{of] e}Frfnfn], efph" sHofpnL o} rfnfn] .
b]p/fgL sHofpnL o} rfnfn] .
hflGbgf} ah} a'xf/Lsf] j]bgf
v§] e'6L xflNbgf} ah} kmfFbdf .
a'xf/Lsf] j]bgf
ds} e'6L, /f]6L xfnL, kmfFs Ro"/f
a'xf/L sHofpgL o;} 3/sf, yf]qf ufnf ahfpgL j/k/sf .
b]p/fgL sHofpgL o;} 3/sf, yf]qf ufnf ahfpgL j/k/sf .
s] s] u?F v} d}n] s] s] u?F v}, s] s] u?F v} d}n] s] s] u?F v} .
u'Gb|L la5fd ls d}n] sfDnL la5fd\ ls, s] s] u?F v} d}n] s] s] u?F v} .
9f]u u?F ls d}n] ;nfd u?F ls, s] s] u?F v} d}n] s] s] u?F v} .
otf lrnfof] dnfO{ ptf lrnfof], s] s] u?F v} d}n] s] s] u?F v} .
nugsf] 6k/L uf}bfgsf] ufO{, olt a]nf b'nxLn] sk8f nufO{ .

nugsf] 6k/L uf}bfgsf] ufO{, olt a]nf b'nxL hUu] a:g cfO{ .
b]vf] b]vf] b]vf] g]kfn zx/ b]vf], n]vf] n]vf] oxL b}nf] kf]Tg n]vf] .
b]vf] b]vf] b]vf] lbNnL zx/ b]vf], n]vf] n]vf] oxLF kfgL af]Sg n]vf] .
aDa} = = uf]a/ kmfNg . kf6g zx/ bfp/f vf]Hg . a6f}nL 3fF; sf6\g .
u'Gg dfbn sfF aHof] 7s'/Lsf] ufpFdf . nfOtL dfof geg] 7s'/Lsf] ufpFdf .
u'Gg dfbn sfF aHof]] 7s'/Lsf] ufpFdf . vfOtL r'/f]6 geg] 7s'/Lsf] ufpFdf.
kf/L 8fF8f 8f]nL x} cfof] s'nsL a'xf/L NofP e}ofn] .

kf/L== = nlR5gsL a'xf/L NofP e}ofn] .
OHHtsL a'xf/L NofP e}ofn] . 7"nf dgsL a'xf/L NofP e}ofn] . = = =
a6f}nLsf zx/df tfpnf 76fP . ltg} tfpnf lsg]/ otf k7fP .
ufu|L 76fP, yfn, srf}/f, cfDvf]/f,== =
sf]7L t sf]7L crf/ ;fFWg] sf]7L . = = = sL 5f]/Ln] d]/f] 5f]/f] vf];L .
sf];L t sf];L a/} k"j{ aUg] sf];L . 5f]/f] lyof] a'xf/L cfO{ d]/} dg v';L .
;f;" xh'/ egL eg] d]/} dg v';L . sf] xf] sf] xf] egL eg] d]/} 5f]/f] vf];L.
dfGg] u'Gg] u/L eg] d]/} dg v';L . emsf]{ kmsf]{ u/L eg] d]/} 5f]/f] vf];L .
kfgL 8f]sf] 9fqm] 8f]sf] VjfKk vfkDnf .
cfh cfpg] b'nxLnfO{ 8f]sf] af]sfDnf .
rgf af]8L lehfO tfl/d\ la/Dnf . cfh cfpg] b'nxLnfO{ bfp/f lr/fDnf .
af/L hf]Tg] xn uf]?nfO{ /fd|} 3F;fDnf .
cfh cfpgL a'xf/LnfO{ uf]8f 3;fDnf .
c3f{vfFrL u'NdLdf ljutdf kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv g} kmfu' ;'? x'GYof] . o;/L
kmfu' ;'? uy]{ uf]7fnf] / 9fqm]x? . jgdf 3fF; ;f]Q/sf nflu hfg]x?sf]
;xeflutf klg plQs} /xGYof] . o;/L rGb|df;cg';f/ dgfOg] xfd|f kj{x?
;f}o{ df;cg';f/ ;'? ug]{ k/Dk/fsf] ;'?jft ug]{ uf]7fnf, 9fqm] /
3fF;Lx?sf] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ?kdf kmfu' -kmfp_ nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
logLx?n] ;'? ug]{ kmfu' cln cZnLn vfnsf x'Gy] . o; ljifodf
e"tsfns} k|of]u ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . clxn] o; k|sf/sf kmfp
hxfFtxfF v]n]sf] ;'Gg, b]Vg kfOb}g . @)%! ;fnsf] kmfu'gtfsf lnD3fsf]
l;/fgsf] ;TojtLsf] jgdf of] k+lQmsf/n] ;'Gg kfPsf] lyof] . xfn;Ddsf]
nflu Tof] g} kl5Nnf] ;'gfO ePsf] 5 . o; vfnsf] kmfp v]Ng' eg]sf] kB
sljtfTds z}nLn] b'O{ ;d"xdf 8fF8fjfl/ 8fF8fkfl/, vf]nfjfl/, vf]nfkfl/
a;]/ bf]xf]/L v]Ng' xf] . of] bf]x/L ;'? ubf{ rf]˜˜˜ bfO eg]/ ;'? ug]{ rng
x'G5 / cGTodf labf x'Fbf klg rf]˜˜˜ bfO g} eGg'k5{ . of] rf]bfO zAb
lxGbLaf6 lnOPsf] xf] eg] Tof] zAb g} xf] . bf]xf]/Lsf] cy{k"0f{ c+z t o;/L
n]Vg ;lsb}g, pko'Qm x'Fb}g . t}klg bf]xf]/Lsf] a]nfdf k|of]u x'g] cZnLn
efj bf]if eP klg zAb bf]if gePsf s]xL nfh krfP/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]
c+zx? o; k|sf/sf 5g\ —
pef]af6 e};L NofP sfG5f ldtn] . /fhfsf] kmfp xf] Pq} l;tn] .
9fqm] bfO{ 9fqm] bfO{ af6f] atfO{ b] . t]/L :jf:gL yf/L 5], otf k7fO b] .
kmfp cfof] kmfp eg]/ kmfp v]N5g\ . s]6fs]6L a;]/ bfp v]N5g\ .
kmfpgsf] 8Dkmf] rOt kmf6Øf] . t]/f afpsf] nuf}6L d';fn] sf6Øf] .
;fnsf] nfy|f] d'¶Ln] kmf]/ . rf]6 k¥of] s]6fnfO{ em'08]/ df]/ .
9fqm]sf 9f]sfdf l;GsL kf]sfdf . t]/f afnfO{ 3f/fdf tFnfO{ 8f]sfdf .
xfQLdfly dfx't] 3f]8fdfly d . e}F;L :ofxfg]{ t]/f] afp, kf8L :ofxfg]{ tF .
oL dflysf 6'qmfx?df zAbdf cZnLn bf]if geP klg cZnLntfsf] nflu cy{
bf]if k|z:t /x]sf] 5 . cem o;nfO{ klg ;s];Dd cZnLn agfP/ eGg]
ul/G5 . ufpF 3/df gv]nL jg kfvfdf dfq v]lng] o; k|sf/sf] kmfpnfO{
jgkmfp eGg] ul/G5 . t/ cfh ef]ln o:Tff cZnLn kmfp v]n]sf] ;'Gg b]Vg
b'n{e eO/x]sf] 5 . cZnLn kmfp v]nL /dfPsf a"9f kfsfnfO{ ;f]Wbf
pgLx? eG5g\— nf]Ug] dfG5n] kmfpgdf dlRrP/ kmfp v]Nof] eg] jif{
lbg;DdnfO{ t]h cfpF5 . dlxnfx?n] Ho"FtLdf of}g pTs07fnfO{ efiff /
clegodfkm{t kf]Vg] u5{g\ eg] kmfu'df k'/mifx?n] . t/ kmfp k'/mifsf] dfq
xf]Og . o;df s]6fs]6Lsf] bf]x/L klg rNg ;S5 .
clxn] oL cZnLn Ho"FtL / kmfu' nueu x/fO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . clxn] t
;~rf/ dfWod a8f] s7f]/ Ho"FtL ufO/x]5g\ . a8f] bb{gfs kmfu' v]ln/x]sf
5g\, lbgx'Fsf] anfTsf/sf ;dfrf/df . klZrdf eQmx?n] xfd|f dlGb/sf
6'F8fndf /x]sf of}ghGo lrq, OGb|n] clxNofnfO{ em'SofPsf], lji0f'n] j[GbfnfO{
em'SofPsf] syfsf sf/0f of] anfTsf/sf 36gf a9]sf] eGbf/x]5g\ . tL
klZrdf eQmsf] k"jL{o zf:q tyf jf:t'snfsf] ljZn]if0f b]v]/ l67 nfU5 .
lar/fnfO{ s;}n] elglbPg lxKkLjfb sxfFaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] eg]/ . zfob
tL lxKkLx? klg g]kfnd} k9\g cfP/ lxKkL eP xf]nfg\ ls . klZrds}
axfnjfnf /fi6«kltn] clkm;d} of}gb'/frf/ u/]/ ;fj{hlgs dfkmL dfu]sf] s'/f
s;}n] elglbPg5 . ca k'/fgf zf:qsf s'/f lgsfn]/ jfbljjfb ug]{ a]nf
xf]Og . t/ Jojl:yt of}g lzIff ;dfhnfO{ vfFrf] k/]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf
vfgf, gfgf, 5fgf tLgj6} s'/f Jojl:yt of}g lzIffsf nflu JofVof ug{'kg]{
ljifoj:t' x'g\ . pQ]lht vfgf, pQfpnf] gfgf / c;'/lIft 5fgfn] klg w]/}
efF8e}nf] dRrfPsf] 5 . clg 3/j/k/ c;'/lIft egf}F jf cJojl:yt
of}gfr/0f, ;~rf/df cfpg] pQ]lht lrqfjnL jf k9\g] ;fdu|Ln] klg
anfTsf/nfO{ dnhn u/]sf] eGg ;lsG5 . cem kL8snfO{ plrt b08sf]
cefj pl5«ª\vn Jojxf/ a9fpg] sf/0f ag]sf] 5 . ;+:sfl/t of}g lzIff
cfhsf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
)))
ls/0f k':tsfno %) jif{ k'u]sf] pknIodf k|sflzt …xfd|f]
k'/miffy{Ú sf] ls/0f k':tsfno :j0f{jif{ ljz]iff° k9\g'ef] <
An'd juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df g]kfnL
kf7\oqmdsf] p2]Zo
 dLgf kf}8]n
c3f{vfFrL -xfn M nx/]kLkn df=lj=, afUn'ª_
;f/f+z
x/]s b]zn] lbg] lzIffsf lglZrt p2]Zo / nIo x'G5g\ . To:tf nIo /
p2]Zosf ljleGg ;}4flGts cfwf/ x'G5g\ / ltgLx?sf] juL{s/0f ljleGg
lsl;dn] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . klZrdf ljåfg\ j]Ghfldg P;= An'dn] klxnf]
z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f u/] . To;kl5 dfh{gf] / s]G8fnn] klg An'dsf
dfGotfdf k|Zg p7fP/ lzIffsf p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f u/] tfklg k'/fgf] /
gofF b'a} juL{s/0fn] lzIffsf] dfgl;s kl/jt{gsf dfWodaf6 l;sf?df ul/g]
Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{g xf] eGg] s'/fd} hf]8 lbP . g]kfnsf] kf7\oqmddf
pgLx?n] p7fPsf ;jfnx? k|ltlalDat ePsf] kfOG5 . of] ;fgf] cfn]vdf
log} s'/fx?sf] af/]df vf]h cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .
!= ljifokl/ro
kf7\oqmdsf ljleGg tÎjx? x'G5g\ . tL x'g\ M ljifoj:t', p2]Zo, lzIf0f
l;sfO sfo{snfk / d"Nof°g . x/]s kf7\oqmd o:tf tÎjx?sf] ;dGjoaf6
z}lIfs pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ nIo /fVb5 . o;sf] sfo{Gjog
gLltlgdf{tf,lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{ ;a}sf] e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf
tÎjx?dWo] p2]Zo ;a}eGbf dxÎjk"0f{ tÎj xf] . p2]Zo kf7\oqmdsf] nIo
k|flKtsf] ;fwg xf] . ;a} b]zsf] lzIff k|0ffnLsf s'g} g s'g} p2]Zo jf
nIox? x'G5g\ . d"ntM kf7\oqmdsf] p2]Zo tyf nIo afnaflnsfsf]
afgLx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{' /x]sf] x'G5 . ;a} afnaflnsfx? Ps} k|sf/sf afgL
ePsf x'Fb}gg\, ltgLx?df Pp6} vfnsf afgLsf] lgdf{0f ug{' g} lzIffsf] p2]Zo
tyf nIo /x]sf] x'G5 . dfWolds lzIff kf7\oqmd @)^$ n] lzIffsf] p2]Zo
…/fli6«o k/Dk/f, ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhs ;Dkbf / nf]stflGqs d"No;Fu kl/lrt,
b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg;Sg] bIf / :j:y gful/ssf] pTkfbg
ug]{Ú -dfWolds lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^$_ /fv]sf] 5 . o;af6 s] a'lemG5 eg]
s'g} klg kf7\oqmdsf lglZrt p2]Zox? x'G5g\ . ltg} p2]Zosf dfWodaf6
lzIffsf nIox? k|fKt ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof kf7\oqmddf p2]ZonfO{ ;fwf/0f
/ ljlzi6 u/]/ b'O{ lsl;dn] juL{s/0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;fwf/0f p2]Zo a9L
;}4flGts k|s[ltsf / a[xt\ x'G5g\ . t/ of] lzIffsf] txut p2]Zo dfq} xf] .
lzIffsf p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f eg] cln leGg k|sf/n] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . oxfF
a]Ghfldg P;= An'd / dfh{gf] tyf s]G8fnn] u/]sf] juL{s/0f / g]kfnsf]
lzIffdf k|of]u / ;+efjgfaf/] oxfF rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
@= z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f
z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f ljleGg cfwf/df ug{ ;lsG5 . z}lIfs
p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{sf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s :t/ jf cj:yf,
pgLx?sf] z}lIfs Ifdtf cflb s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ug{'kb{5 . -zdf{ P08
zdf{, @)^&_ kf7\oqmdsf] p2]Zosf] juL{s/0f ;j{k|yd a]Ghfldg P;= An'dn]
;g\ !(%^ df u/] . pgn] z}lIfs p2]Zosf] juL{s/0f ubf{ ljleGg If]qnfO{
cfwf/ agfPsf] kfOG5 . An'dn] If]qut cfwf/df u/]sf] juL{s/0f lgDg
k|sf/sf] 5 M
s= ;+1fgfTds If]q
v= efjgfTds If]q
u= dgf]lqmofTds If]q
oL If]qx?sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro o;k|sf/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
s= ;+1fgfTds If]q
;+1fgfTds If]q afnaflnsfx?sf] dfgl;s jf af}l4s ljsf; u/fpg]
vfnsf p2]Zox?;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . a'l4, ljj]s, of]Uotf klxrfg,
lrGtgsf] ljsf; u/L ljleGg tYox?, 36gfx? / j:t'x?sf] ;DaGwdf
;f]rfO k|lqmofsf] cEof;åf/f hfgsf/L ug]{ Jofjxfl/s Pjd\ ljlzi6 If]qnfO{
;+1fgfTds If]q elgG5 . -l;+x, @)^^, k[= &*_ ;+1fgfTds If]qsf ^ j6f
r/0fx? 5g\ M 1fg, af]w, k|of]u, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f / d"Nof°g . 1fg
eg]sf] k'gM :d/0f ug{', kl/eflift ug{', dfkg ug{' cflbnfO{ a'lemG5 . h:t}M
zAbsf] cy{ eGg ;Sg' . af]w eg]sf] JofVof ug{', ;f/f+z n]Vg', ;+If]kLs/0f
ug{' cflbnfO{ a'lemG5 . k|of]u eGgfn] ;}4flGts tl/sfn] l;s]sf] s'/fnfO{
Jojfx/df k|of]u ug{'nfO{ a'lemG5 . h:tf], ;f/f+z n]Vg ;Sg', cg'R5]b n]Vg'
cflb . ljZn]if0f eGgfn] cleJolQm ug{ ;Sg], leGgtf b]vfpg ;Sg], lgisif{
atfpg] cflb . pbfx/0fsf nflu M dflg; / afFb/sf aLrdf leGgtf
atfpg] . ;+Zn]if0f eGgfn] ljleGg rLh, j:t', ;Lk cflbsf] aLrdf ;+of]hg
jf ;+Zn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ a'lemG5 . d"Nof°g eGgfn] s'g} klg sfo{sf]
n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ a'lemG5 .
v= efjgfTds If]q
efjgfTds If]q eGgfn] l;sf?sf] dgf]efj jf dgf]j[lQnfO{ a'emfpF5 . s'g}
klg JolQmsf] ;+j]u, cle/mlr, cg'ej, cg'dlt, rfv, pT;fx, d"No, k|z+;f,
k|]/0ff cflb dfgj Åbo;Fu ;DalGwt If]qnfO{ efjgfTds If]q elgG5 .
ljifoj:t'sf] l;sfOsf] k|efj:j?k dgf]efjgf jf k|j[ltsf] kl/jt{g o;df
x'G5 -P]hg,*!_ . o;sf klg kfFr tx 5g\ M k|fKt ug{', k|ltlqmof b]vfpg',
dfGotf lbg', ;+u7g ug{', rl/q lrq0f ug{' . k|fKt ug{' eGgfn] s'g} s'/fk|lt
/mlr /fVg' cflbnfO{ a'lemG5 . sIffsf]7fdf ;+uLt ;'Gg rfxg' o;sf]
pbfx/0f xf] . k|ltlqmof b]vfpg'sf] cy{ xf], l;sf?n] s'g} klg s'/fx?df
;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg' xf] . dfGotf lbg'sf] cy{ xf] ljBfyL{n] s'g} klg
s'/fdf ;xL jf unt s] xf] eGg] af/]df lg0f{o lbg' xf] . ;+u7g ug{'sf] cy{
xf], s'g} klg s'/fx?nfO{ ;+of]hg u/]/ lg0f{o lng' xf] . rl/q lrq0f ug{'sf]
cy{ 1fg, l;k, wf/0ffsf] lg0f{o lbg' eGg] a'lemG5 .
u= dgf]lqmofTds If]q
dgf]lqmofTds If]q dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 .
x:tn]vg, 6°0f, v]ns'b, oGqkl/rfng h:tf l;kx? dgf]lqmofTds
l;kx? x'g\ . ljz]ifu/L ljBfyL{x?n] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s c+ux?sf]
;dGjoåf/f s'g} If]qdf ul/g] sfo{ g} dgf]lqmofTds p2]Zosf] If]qcGtu{t
kb{5 . -lgp/], @)&$, k[= %(_ dgf]lqmofTds If]qsf txdf k|ToIfLs/0f,
tof/L, lgb]{lzt k|ltlqmof, oflGqsLs/0f, hl6n sfo{sf] k|ltlqmof, ;dfof]hg
/ df}lnskg kb{5g\ . k|ToIfLs/0f eg]sf] vf;df b]Vg' g} xf] . b]v]/ s'g}
r]tgzLn c+un] zf/Ll/s c+unfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ sfd o;df x'G5 . s'g}
sfo{ ug{ tTk/ x'g' g} tof/L xf] . tof/L dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s, ;+j]ufTds
cflb k|sf/sf] x'G5 . lgb]{lzt k|ltlqmof eg]sf] s'g} sfo{ ug{sf nflu sf]xL
s;}sf] lgb]{zg dfGg' jf ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{ ug{' xf] . oflGqsLs/0f eg]sf]
s'g} klg l;s]sf l;kx?nfO{ lagf uNtL ;Dkfbg ug{' xf] . hl6n sfo{sf]
k|ltlqmof eg]sf] lagf lgb]{zg klg s'g} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;Sg' xf] .
;dfof]hg eg]sf] s'g} klg sfo{df ;dfj]z x'g ;Sg' jf 3'nldn x'g
;Sg'nfO{ a'lemG5 . uf8Lsf] ult;Fu ;dfof]hg u/]/ cf]n{g' o;}sf] pbfx/0f
xf] . df}lnskg eg]sf] l;sf? /rgfTds sfo{df ;xefuL x'g ;Sg' xf] .
An'dn] u/]sf z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0fsf sdhf]/Lx?sf] cfnf]rgfaf6
dfhf{gf] / s]G8nn] z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] gofF juL{s/0f u/] . o;nfO{ z}lIfs
p2]Zox?sf] gofF juL{s/0f elgPsf] kfOG5 . pgLx?n] nIox?sf]
juL{s/0fsf] qmddf lrGtgsf tLg k|0ffnLx? / 1fgsf tLg If]qx?sf] af/]df
rrf{ u/] . To;qmddf lrGtgsf k|0ffnL / 1fgsf If]qx?sf aLrdf
cGt;{DaGw /xg] s'/f u/] . lrGtg k|0ffnL eg]sf] dflg;df x'g] dfgl;s
k|lqmof xf] eg] 1fgsf If]qx? eg]sf l;sfO l;lsg] k|sf/x? x'g\ . -zdf{
P08 zdf{, @)^&, k[=@)$_ dfhf{gf] / s]G8fnn] o;/L z}Ifl0fs p2]Zox?nfO{
b'O{ k|sf/n] juL{s/0f u/]sfn] pgLx?sf] juL{s/0fnfO{ b'O{ cfoflds
dflgG5 . pgLx?sf] juL{s/0fnfO{ lj:t[t ?kdf tn k|:t't ul/G5 M
-s_ lrGtgsf k|0ffnLx?
!= :jk|0ffnL @= pRr ;+1fgfTds k|0ffnL
#= ;+1fgfTds k|0ffnL -1fg, af]w, ljZn]if0f, k'gM k|flKt_
-v_ 1fg k|flKtsf If]qx?
!= ;"rgfsf] If]q @= dfgl;s k|lqmofsf] If]q #= dgf]lqmofTds If]q
dfh{gf] / s]G8fnn] z}lIfs p2]Zosf] juL{s/0f ubf{ 1fgnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L
dxÎj lbPsf 5g\ . of] k|lqmofdf 1fgsf] ;jf]{kl/ e"ldsf /xg] s'/f
pgLx?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . lrGtg k|0ffnL :jk|0ffnL, pRr;+1fgfTds
k|0ffnL / ;+1fgfTds k|0ffnLsf] clGtd lgisif{ eg]s} 1fgsf] k|flKt xf] eGg]
pgLx?sf] dt /x]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ lrGtg k|0ffnLsf tLgj6} sfo{ ;DkGg
ePkl5 1fgk|flKt x'G5 . :jk|0ffnLn] ljBfyL{nfO{ s'g} klg lg0f{o ug{ / gug{
;xof]u ub{5 . To;kl5 Tof] s'/f pRr;+1fgfTds k|0ffnLdf k|j]z ub{5 .
of] Ps k|sf/sf] k|lqmof xf] . To;kl5 ;+1fgfTds k|0ffnLn] To;nfO{ ;+/If0f
ub{5 . 1fgk|flKtsf nflu lrGtgsf k|0ffnLx?n] 7Ls lx;fan] sfd ug{'kb{5
eGg] pgLx?sf] dt /x]sf] 5 .
dfh{gf] / s]G8fnn] 1fg k|flKtsf If]qx?nfO{ klg tLg lsl;dn] juL{s/0f
u/]sf 5g\ M ;"rgfsf] If]q, dfgl;s k|lqmofsf] If]q / dgf]lqmofTds
k|lqmofsf] ?kdf . s'g} klg ljifoj:t'sf] af/]df ;xL / ;fdfGo hfgsf/L
k|fKt ug{' eg]sf] ;"rgfsf] If]q xf] . o;df s] eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 .
dfgl;s k|lqmofsf] If]qdf afnaflnsfn] s'g} klg ljifoj:t'df s;/L To:tf]
x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ub{5 . o; If]qdf …afnsn] k|of]usf]
k"jf{Eof; ug]{, ljifodf ePsf q'6Lx? ;Rrfpg] / :jt:km"t{ ?kdf ljifosf]
k|of]u ug]{ sfdÚ ub{5 . -P]hg, k[=@)^_ dgf]lqmofTds If]q eg]sf]
1fgk|flKtsf] clGtd If]q xf] . o;df l;sf?n] cfkm"n] l;s]sf] 1fgsf
cfwf/df s'g} l;k ;DkGg ub{5 . l;s]sf] l;ksf cfwf/df ug]{ zf/Ll/s
ultljlw g} dgf]lqmofTds If]q xf] .
o;/L z}lIfs p2]Zosf] juL{s/0f a]Ghfldg P;= An'd / dfh{gf] tyf s]G8fnn]
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] juL{s/0fsf] k|of]u g]kfnsf] z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf s] s;/L
ePsf] 5 eGg] klg x]g{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . An'dsf] juL{s/0f / gofF juL{s/0f b'a}n]
1fg, af]w / To;sf] k|of]unfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] b]lvG5 . 1fg / af]w b'a}
dfgl;s k|lqmof xf] eg] k|of]u dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s ePsf] lgisif{ pgLx?n]
u/]sf] z}lIfs p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0faf6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
#= g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] p2]Zo
g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLdf klg 1fg, l;k / k|j[ltnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ kf7\oqmd
lgdf{0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . cfwf/e"t txsf] kf7\oqmd -sIff ^–*_ -@)^(_ df
;Ifdtfsf] af/]df rrf{ kl/rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . To;sf] kl/efiffdf elgPsf] 5 –
…;Ifdtf eg]sf] Jofjxl/s tyf ;fdflhs hLjgofkgsf nflu JolQmnfO{
cfjZos kg]{ 1fg, l;k, k|j[lQ tyf sfo{ k|b{zg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / sfo{
tTk/tfsf] ;lDd>0f xf] . l;sfOaf6 ljBfyL{df ljsf; ePsf] cfr/0f,
;f]rfO / Jojxf/df b]lvPsf] kl/jt{g / lglZrt 1fg Pj+ l;kdf bIftf
k|flKtaf6 ljBfyL{sf] ;Ifdtf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 . É ;Ifdtf lzIffsf
rf/ :tDe 5g\ M 1fg / ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/, k|b{zg l;k, ;sf/fTds k|j[lQ
ljsf; tyf d"No dfGotf / ljZjf;sf] k|of]u . = =l;k ljsf;sf] cfwf/ 1fg
xf] . l;sf?sf] b}lgs hLjgofkg / Jofj;flos If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ 1fg,
l;k, k|j[lQ, d"No / sfd ug]{ tTk/tfnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ?kn] pkof]u ug{
agfpg] u/L ljsf; ul/Psf] kf7Øqmd .Ú -cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^(_
cfwf/e"t txsf] kf7\oqmdn] cfkm\gf z}lIfs p2]Zodf 1fg, af]w / k|of]ud}
hf]8 lbOPsf] b]lvG5 . An'd jf gofF juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df x]g]{ xf] eg] klg
1fgnfO{ ;"rgfsf] If]qsf ?kdf, af]wnfO{ dfgl;s k|lqmofsf ?kdf /
k|of]unfO{ dgf]lqmofTds If]qsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . t;y{ g]kfnsf] z}lIfs
kf7\oqmddf An'd 6]S;gf]dL tyf kl5Nnf] gofF 6]S;gf]dLsf] k|of]u ul/Ps}
b]lvG5 .
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oqmd sIff (–!) -@)&!_ df …JolQmut, ;fdflhs tyf
/fli6«o hghLjgdf cfOkg]{ ;d:of ;fdfwfg ug{, c?sf] ljrf/ tyf
efjgfsf] sb/ ug{, ljljw k|sf/sf >d tyf k];fk|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r
/fVg, ;dfnf]rgfTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; tyf cEof; ug{ / ljZn]if0ffTds
l;ksf] ljsf; / pkof]u ug{, ;Ifd gful/s tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug{'
dfWolds lzIffsf] p2]Zo xf]Ú eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . o:t} of] kf7\oqmd
…l;sf?sf] b}lgs hLjgofkg / Jofj;flos If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ 1fg, l;k,
clej[lQ, d"No / sfd ug]{ tTk/tfnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ?kn] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg] u/L ljsf; ul/Psf]Ú eGg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -dfWolds lzIff
kf7\oqmd, sIff (–!), @)&!_ o;af6 klg s] b]lvG5 eg] g]kfnsf
kf7\oqmdx?n] klg 1fg, l;k / k|j[lQnfO{ cfkm\gf] p2]Zo agfPsf] b]lvG5 .
t/ sfof{Gjogsf r/0fdf eg] ;d:of /x]sf] kfOG5 . To:tf ;d:ofx?sf]
klg s]xL rrf{ oxfF ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
g]kfn cNkljsl;t d'n'ssf] ;+1faf6 cfh klg d'Qm eO;s]sf] 5}g .
To;sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnsf gLltlgdf{tf, ;/sf/, ;fdflhs cleoGtfx?,
lzIfs, ljBfyL{x? ;a}sf b[li6df lzIff k|fyldstfdf kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
lzIffnfO{ gfkmf jf hflu/sf ?kdf dfq x]g]{ k|j[lQ JofKt 5 . lzIffnfO{
;]jfsf cfwf/df x]g'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ePsf] 5}g . zlQmsf nflu
dflg;x?sf] bf}8w'k a9]sf] 5 . kmntM lzIffsf nIox?cg'?ksf] kl/0ffd
k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . tyflk kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g ePsf]
5.
$= lgisif{
lzIffsf lglZrt p2]Zox? x'G5g\ . To:tf p2]Zox?nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/n]
juL{s/0f ul/G5 . a]Ghfldg P;= An'dn] ;+1fgfTds, efjgfTds /
dgf]lqmofTds eg]/ auL{s/0f u/] . gofF juL{s/0fn] lrGtg k|0ffnL / 1fg
k|0ffnLsf If]q eg]/ p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f u¥of] . b'a} juL{s/0fx?n] lzIffsf]
p2]Zo dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s kl/jt{gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] vfnn] juL{s/0f
u/] . g]kfnsf] cfwf/e"t / dfWolds b'a} txsf kf7\oqmddf ;Ifdtfsf
?kdf 1fg, l;k / k|of]unfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . cfufdL lbgsf
kf7\oqmddf klg o:tf] juL{s/0fnfO{ cem 3gLe"t ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] ;+efjgf
klg b]lvG5 .
;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL
cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd -sIff ^–*_ @)^(, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| M
eQmk'/ .
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -sIff (–!)_, @)&!, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| M
eQmk'/ .
lgp/], w'j|k|;fb -@)&$_, kf7\oqmd tyf d"Nof°g, Sj]:6 k|sfzg M
sf7df8f}F .
l;+x, gfu]Zj/ -@)^^_ kf7\oqmd / d"Nof°g, k}/jL k|sfzg M sf7df8f}F .
zdf{, lr/GhLjL / lgd{nf zdf{ -@)^&_, kf7\oqmd of]hgf / cEof;, Pd= s]
klAn;;{ M sf7df8f}F .
)))
ho xg'dfg\ Û
 kGyL /fdk|;fb
/];'Ëf g=kf=–@, tD3f;, u'NdL
kjgk'q xg'dfg\sf] k/fqmdsf] j0f{g ug{ xhf/ lhe|f ePsf z]if gfun] t ug{
c;dy{ 5g\ eg] d s;/L ;s"Fnf / Û pgL h:tf] jL/Ù anjfg\Ù zlQmzfnLÙ
zf}o{zfnL kfqsf] dlxdf ufg ug{ kfpg' klg cxf]efUo 7fGb5' . c~hgLs'df/
jf:tjdf zlQm / elQmsf HjnGt pbfx/0f x'g\ . ;ft ;d'b| kf/ u/]/
;LtfhLnfO{ e]6 ug]{, n+sf bxg ug]{, ;~hLjgLsf nflu kj{t} p7fP/
Nofpg], o'4sfndf k|jL0f xg'dfg\n] 5ftL lr/]/ cGt/cfTdfdf lj/fhdfg
k|e'sf] t:jL/ b]vfP/ elQmefjsf] gd"gf k|bz{g ug]{ nufotsf cg]sf}+
sfo{x? u/]sf 5g\ . xg'dfg\sf] hk / tk ugf{n] dfq} cg]sf}+ ;Gtfkx?
gfz x'G5g\ . wgwfGo / cf/f]Uon] o'Qm eOG5 . ;ª\s6af6 d'Qm eOG5 .
hgljZjf; 5 o:t} .
æsfd ug]{ xg'dfg\ ku/L u'Yg] 9]+8'Æ pvfg :d/0fLo 5, oxfFg]/ . x'gdfg\
sd{of]uL lyP . 9f]+uL lyPgg\ . sfddf ljZjf; uy]{ . ;Ddfgdf xf]Og . æsd{
u/ kmnsf] cfzf gu/Æ eGg] bz{g xg'dfg\df kfpg ;lsG5 . oL t eP q]tf
o'usf /fdeQm xg'dfg\sf s'/f . z"/tfsf s'/f . jL/tfsf s'/f . elQmsf
s'/f . zlQmsf s'/f . bofjL/, bfgjL/, wd{jL/ / o'4 jL/sf s'/f . ;a}
lsl;dsf snf / sf}znn] o'Qm k'/mifsf k'/miffy{sf s'/f .
ca u/f}+, snLo'usf x'g'dfg\sf s'/f . snLo'usf xg'dfg\sf] zlQm slt
ck/Dkf/ 5 < o;sf] d cg'dfg klg ug{ c;dy{ 5' . ædfg of gdfg d}
t]/f d]xdfgÆ eg]em}+ tkfO{+ dfGg'xf];\ of gdfGg'xf];\Ù cfhsf xg'dfg\ cem
cb\e't 5g\ . rdTsf/L 5g\ . cnf}lss cf} cf}tf/L 5g\ . h]xf];\ kf}/fl0fs
xg'dfg\;Fu logsf] gftf sfod 5 . ;do ;Gbe{n] sfo{z}nLdf leGgtf cfP
xf]nf . Jojxf/ / cfr/0fdf k[ystf cfPxf]nf . cem egf}+ jt{dfg xg'dfg\
hut\n] k[ystfjfbnfO{ cjnDag u/] xf]nfg\ .
kjgk'q xg'dfg\n] ;fgf] 5Fbf kmn 7fg]/ ;"o{nfO{ vfg vf]h]sf lyP eGg]
;'lgG5 . cfhsf xg'dfg\x? k[YjL vfg] l;sf] ub}{5g\ . pgn] elQmefj
k|bz{g ug{ cfkm\g} 5ftL lr/]/ b]vfPsf lyP . logn] cfkmGtsf 5ftL lrb}{
lx8]sf 5g\ . pgn] b'Zdgsf] jfl6sf Wj:t kf/]sf lyP . logn] cfkm\g}
jfl6sf Wj:t kf/]sf 5g\ . pgn] bzfggsf] b/af/df cfuf] ;NSofOlbPsf
lyP . logn] cfkm\g} 3/af/df cfuf] bGSofOlbPsf 5g\ . pgn] kxf8 af]s]/
;~hLjgL NofpFy] . logn] kxf8 kmf]/]/ ;~hLjgL lbPsf 5g\ . pgL zq'nfO{
kf7 k9fpFy] . logL zq';Fu kf7 k9\5g\ . km/s oL / o:t} s'/fdf 5 tL /
oL xg'dfg\df .
jfg/ hfltsf xg'dfg\ Pp6} lyP . g/ hfltsf xg'dfg\ eg] c;+Vo 5g\ .
pgn] slxNo} cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] 7fg]gg\ . zlQmsf] b'?kof]unfO{ plrt dfg]gg\ .
yfxf 5}gÙ Tof] pgsf] c1fgtf lyof] of dxfgtf < k|Zgsf] uxgtf oxfFg]/
5 . tL xg'dfg\n] slxNo} zlQm s]Gb| v8f u/]gg\ . ;Qf s]Gb|sf] df]x
u/]gg\ . g eQfdf Wofg lbP . g nQfdf Wofg lbP . lbP t s]jn Tofu,
;dk{0f cf} alnbfgdf . To;afkt s]xL lnPgg\ . cfhsf xg'dfg\n] s]xL
lbPgg\ jf lbg hfg]s} 5}gg\Ù o;f] eGg' ;j{yf unt x'g hfG5 . cGo
d08nsf xg'dfg\sf t'ngfdf g]kfn d08nsf xg'dfg\ clns pbf/ g} 5g\
lbg] ;afndf . cfz'tf]ifn] cfkm\g} ;tL lbP h:t} . lbG5g\ logn] cfkm\g}
;j{Zj . cfkm\g} hggL . cfkm\g} d'n's . cfkm\g} >L . cfkm\g} ;DklQ .
blwlrem}+ pbf/dgf 5g\ oL . af]lw;Tjem}+ ;t\ lrQ . ;t\ lrt\ cfgGbsf]
;dli6 ?k ;lRrbfgGbsf] :j?k 5 logdf . To;}n] oL c1]o 5g\ . hfGg}
g;lsg] . b'af]{w 5g\ . a'em\g} g;lsg] . b'e]{B 5g\ . l5rf]Ng} g;lsg] .
cyf{t\ oL ck/Dkf/ 5g\ . kf/ kfpg} g;lsg] . kf/ nfpg} g;lsg] .
xfdLn] xfd|f] hLjg bz{gnfO{ d"ntM b'O{ ju{df juL{s[t u/L ljrf/ ljj]rgf
ub{5f}+ – cWofTdjfbL / ef}ltsjfbL . oL jfb / jfbL ;Dk|bfoleq klg
cg]sf}+ dtdtfGt/x? /x]sf 5g\ . logs} hudf cl8P/ cg]sf}+ zfvf –
k|zfvfx? ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ . l7s To;}u/L xfdL xg'dfg\ hut\nfO{ klg
lng ;S5f}+ . zf]w cg';Gwfgsf] ljBfyL{n] cg';Gwfgsf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/]
h:t} xfdLn] klg xg'dfg\ hut\sf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5f}+ . o;f] ubf{
xg'dfg\ hut\sf klg b'O{ ju{ km]nf kb{5g\ . tL x'g\ – /fhgLlts xg'dfg\ /
u}//fhgLlts xg'dfg\ . oL b'O{ ju{df /fhgLlts hut\sf xg'dfg\ cfkm"nfO{
cAan bhf{sf 7fG5g\ . logsf ljrf/df u}//fhgLlts hut\sf xg'dfg\ bf];|f]
bhf{sf xg'dfg\ x'g\ . To;}n] oL k"hs x'g\ . ;]js x'g\ . d]js x'g\ -;w}
k"hf ug]{, ;]jf lbg], d]jf lbg]_ . To;}n] oL cfkm"nfO{ dflns / hgtfnfO{
3f]8f 7fG5g\ . clnslt bfgfkfgLsf] cfzdf af]ls/xg'kg]{ . sf]/f{sf] qf;df
lxl8/xg'kg]{ . cfZjf;gsf] nufddf afFlw/xg'kg]{ . lbUe|ldt 5g\
u}//fhgLlts xg'dfg\x? . lxhf] sfnf hfltsf dflg;n] sfnf] x'g'nfO{
clezfk 7fg] h:t} . clezKt 5g\ logLx? / afWo 5g\ af]Sg /fhgLlts
xg'dfg\x? . xTs]nfdf t 3/L sfFwdf af]Sg afWo 5g\ cfbz{ /fd, ;Ltf /
nId0fx? . s'g hx/ xf], s'g ;~hLjgL < yfxf 5}g . clg af]S5g\
kxf8x? . h]xf];\ /fhgLlts bnsf xg'dfg\x? bn}lkR5] xg'dfg\ bn tof/
kf/]/ ;]jf lnO/x]5g\ xg'dfg\x?af6 . ;]jf lbO/x]5g\ xg'dfg\x? . nfU5
;a}sf gf8L–g;fx?df bf}l8/x]5 gzf xg'dfg\sf] . To;}n] t xfdLx?
kfln/x]5f}+ xg'dfg\x? . k'lh/x]5f}+ xg'dfg\ . 9f]lu/x]5f+} xg'dfg\x? . k[ys\
z}nL, ?k / /ª\usf xg'dfg\x? lj/fhdfg\ 5g\ xfd|f dgdl:tisx?df . clg
/fh ul//x]5g\ xfdLdfly . cfj/0f / cfs[ltsf km/s–km/s xg'dfg\x?
kfNb}–kmfNb} / kmfNb}–kfNb} cfO/x]5f}+ xfdL . /f0fftGq, k~rfottGq,
k|hftGq, nf]stGq / u0ftGq cflb cg]sf}+ tGq kmnfSg] xg'dfg\x?n] zf;g
ul//x] xfdLdfly . zflift eO/fVof}+ xfdLx? . yfxf 5}g of] xg'dfg\ aGg]–
agfpg] k/Dk/fsf] lg/Gt/tf cem} slt ;Gtfg b/;Gtfgx?df hfg] xf] .
cQf]kQf] 5}g . xg'dfg\ aGg]–agfpg] k/Dk/fsf] yfngL slxn]b]lv eof] <
sf]af6 eof] < sxfF;Dd k'U5 < slxn] 6'lª\uG5 < s]xL yfxf 5}g . h'g
s'/fsf] g km]b yfxf 5 g 6'Kkf]Ù To;}s} af/]df j0f{g ug{ vf]Hg' klg d"v{tf
xf] . o;y{ xg'dfg\sf] af/]df j0f{g ug{ vf]Hg] d]/f] w[i6tfb]lv cfkm}nfO{ tfh'a
nfu]/ cfpF5 . gfgLb]lvsf] afgL 5f]8\g ;ls+bf] /x]g5 . clg eGg dg
nfU5 – æho xg'dfg\ .Æ
)))
k|To]s jif{ efb| !% ut]

g]kfndf /fli6«o k':tsfno
lbj; dgfpg] u/f}+ .
– ls/0f k':tsfno
tD3f;, u'NdL
l;nf]s 5Gb
/];'Ëf x]b}{ d?F
 zf/bf kGyL vgfn
tD3f;, u'NdL
/];'Ëf lul/ s'~hleq hlt 5g\ :juL{o 7fpFx?
d'QmL dfu{ tL 5g\ a'emf}+ ;xhdf ;Gb]x 5f8f}+ a?
k}n] g} Clifn] a'em]/ dlxdf cfO{ tk:of u/]
Cioz[Ë a;L tkf]/t 5Fbf gfd} /];'Ëf 5 /] Û
/fhf bz/yn] klg oxL+ cfO{ k'q]li6 o1 u/]

5f]/f hlGdP rf/ efO bz/y /fhf v'zLdf k/]
kfgL oxfF lyPg s'jf st} wf/f] kFw]/f] klg
xfg]/ >L/fdn] wg'ifaf0f kfgL lgsfnf}+ egL .
efO nId0f ;fydf lyP ;w} /fdsf r/0fdf k/]

cf1f hf] /3'gfysf] x'g uof] ;f]xL adf]lhd u/]
jiff{sf] kfgL lkpFy] Clif d'lg kft} l6kL vf]+rn]
u'/mhL >L lji0f'sf afxfgn] s'jf vg] rf]+rn] .
>L/fd nId0f gfdsf kf]v/L 5g\ 5g\ s'08 Sof s~rg

uf}/L s'08 u?8 s'08 hlt 5g\ g'xfpF5g\ ;Hhg
/];'Ëf lz/ z}nsf] lzv/df dfw'o{ ;f}Gbo{tf
sfnL u+uf ;';fpFl5g\ aundf :kz{ ub}{ ptf .
5NbL j]u ljj]sn] 5rlnb} /];'Ëfsf] kfpdf

bfOg] ;fOgf] nufpFb} a9L3f6 e]65g\ Ps} 7fpFdf
cf]9\b} /ftf] k5\of}/L dNdn 5fFof 5 ?k /];'Ëfsf]
5f]8\b} hfFbf dnLg 5g\ vf]nf gfnf dfof 5 /];'Ëfsf] .
v]N5g\ d[ux? ToxL+ otf ptf tn / dfly u/L
ufpFl5g\ sf]OnL gfRbl5g\ /fgL r/L x]5{g\ tdf;f ;/L
nfvf}+ nfv a'6L cgdf]n cf]vtL cd[t ;~hLjgL
gfgf /Ë e/L ntf s';'dn] ;hfpFl5g\ OGb|]0fL .
;'gufef ToxL+ km'Nb5g\ nfnLu'/fF; rDkf rd]nL klg

sf]l6 j[If ;'jf;gf l;tntf lbG5g\ kjg\ kNnaL
laxfgL kv lr/lj/ lrl8ofn] zflGt uLt ufpF5g\
kbf{ ld/ld/]sf] p7fO{ /f];gL nflnTo a;f{pFl5g\ .
/;fO{ kx/f em/]sf 5x/f em+sf/df emØfpFls/L

;fpg] uf]7 /dfOnf] ufO{ af5f kj{t uf]jw{g lul/
laxfg} p7L åf/ vf]N5g\ /ljn] ;'j0f{ 55{g\ snf
;GWofdf ;'gem}+ eP/ /ljsf k5{g\ oxfF emNemn .
tf/f lemlNdn ub{5g\ lIflthdf /];'Ëf emNsfpg

sf]l6 b]j oxfF lj/fhdfg 5g\ ;Ddfg ;dk{0f
k|s[lt xl/of km]/]/ kml/of nLnf ;x;| af]sL
o'ufGtsf/L Clifsf tk;n] ;Totf emNsG5 ls <
hª\unleq /x]5 dª\un nLnf >L l;4sf] zlQmn]

o:tf] zlQm ckf/ ldNb5 st} /];'Ëfsf] elQmn]
u+ufnfO{ t nfU5 /] Ct' ;'ts ;fpgsf] d}gfdf
afx|} df; kljq oxfF kf]v/L 5g\ /];'Ëf s}nfzdf .
hf] eQmhgn] kljq dgn] bz{g u/] tfklg

7"nf] k'0o sdfpg of] b'lgof 5f]8]/ hfFbf klg
;'G5f+} j]b k'/f0f efujt uLtf syf >L/fdsf]
ho ho xf];\ ho xf];\ /];'Ëf gu/L k'0o dxfwfdsf] .
j0f{{g ug{ ;fdYo{ 5}g c? So} of}6f of] laGtL u?F

d]/f] clGtd sfnsf] ;dodf /];'Ëf x]b}{ d?F .
)))
k':tsfno kl/ro
hgljsf; k':tsfno, aemfª
aemfª lhNnf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zcGtu{t kg]{ lxdfnL If]qdf cjl:yt clt
b'u{d / ljs6 7fpFsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . xfn cfP/ df]6/af6f] ag]kl5 s]xL
xb;Dd dflg;sf] uf;, af; tyf hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] dx;'; x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . lzIff ljsf;sf] If]qdf eg] cem} w]/} k|of; ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
aemfªdf hlGdPsf /fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] :yfkgf u/]sf] ;TojfbL
kf7zfnfsf] k7gkf7g -lj=;+= @))* ;fnb]lv df=lj= :t/sf]_ x'g yfn]kl5
aemfËL hgtfn] lzIffsf] 9f]sfleq k|j]z kfPsf] a'lemG5 . pRr lzIff
cWoogsf] nflu eg] x'g] vfg]x?n] sf7df8f}+lt/ jf aflx/ lhNnflt/ g}
lgl:sg'kg]{ afWotf lyof] . kf7\oqmdeGbf aflx/sf kf7\ok':ts tyf
kf7\o;fdu|L cWoogsf] s'g} cj;/ g} lyPg Tolta]nf . ;f]xL cj:yfnfO{
dWogh/ u/L aemfª /gf8f lgjf;L :j= >L uh]Gb|axfb'/ l;+x -e"=k"=
SofDk;k|d'v, hok[YjL SofDk;_ sf] cu'jfOdf, :j= >L /fdk|;fb vqL
-;dfh;]jL_, >L lji0f'k|;fb vqL -e"=k"= ;lrj, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno_,
:j= >L uughËaxfb'/ l;+x -e"=k"= jg/fHo dGqL_ nufotsf lzIffk|]dL
JolQmTjx?n] lj=;+= @)!% ;fndf hgljsf; k':tsfno r}gk'/, aemfªsf]
:yfkgf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
:yfkgfsfndf /fdk|;fb vqLsf] cWoIftfdf ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]
/ pxfFsf 5f]/f lji0f'k|;fb vqLsf] kxndf sf7df8f}+df cWoog/t tTsfnLg
ljBfyL{x?n] cfjZos k':tsx? ;+sng u/L aemfª k7fpg] sfo{ ePsf]
b]lvG5 . k':tsfnosf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ 3/ cWoIf vqLHo"sf] 3/cufl8
;"of{b]jLsf] u'7L hUuf;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;fgf] hUuf lgMz'Ns k|fKt u/L,
>dbfgaf6 / rGbfbfgaf6 k|fKt /sdn] lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] !
tn] :n]6n] 5fPsf] 3/df ;+slnt k':tsx? ;hfO{ lbgsf] $ 306fhlt
v'nf /fvL cWoIfHo"n] g} ;~rfng ug]{ ug'{ePsf] kfOG5 . lj=;+= @)%^
;fnb]lv @)^! ;fn;Dd :j= >L ;'j0f{axfb'/ l;+x -cWoIf vqLsf
5f]/Lkl§sf gflt_ nfO{ dfl;s ?kdf ?=!))) . – kfl/>lds lbO{ lbgsf] #
306f -lbpF;f] @ ah]b]lv % ah];Dd_ vf]Ng] / aGb ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L lj=;+= @)^@ b]lv @)^& ;Dd lgj[Q lzIfs lzj/fh 5TofnnfO{ ;f]
sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOof] .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/ lhNnfdf ljBfno, SofDk; tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?
vf]lnPsf lyP . tL ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\g} dftxtdf k':tsfnosf] ?kdf a"s
sg{/;d]tsf] Joj:yf x'g] u/]sf] / ;~rfnsx?df w]/} h;f] JolQmTjx?sf]
b]xjf;g ePsf] / s]xL hLljt JolQmTjx? sf7df8f}+lt/ g} /xg'ePsf]n]
k':tsfnosf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfng x'g ;s]g . ;f] cj:yf sl/a &÷* jif{
hlt sfod /x\of] . tt\kZrft\ k':tsfnosf] ;~rfns ;ldlt k'gu{7g u/L
>L ljZjk|sfz h]7f/f cWoIf / lji0f'k|;fb vqL ;+/Ifs /xg'eof] . xfn
cfP/ @)&% sflt{s ! ut]b]lv :jo+;]jL ?kdf lzIfs wL/]Gb|axfb'/ l;+xn]
b}lgs ?kdf -$ ah]b]lv % ah];Dd_ ! 306f vf]Ng] / aGb ug]{ sfdsf]
lhDd]jf/L lng'ePsf] 5 .
k':tsfnosf ef}lts ;fdu|L cjnf]sg ubf{ ! tn] 3/leq dflyNnf] tNnfdf
* j6f :6Ln ¥ofsx? -@)&!÷)&@ cf=j=df lzIff dGqfnosf] ;xof]uaf6_,
6]an !, sf7sf xft] a]Gr #, sf7sf s';L{ @ j6f /x]sf 5g\ . k':tsx?df
Oltxf;, lj1fg, cf}iflw lj1fg, wfld{s, efiff ;flxTo, hLjgL, syf sxfgL
/ sljtf h:tf u/L sl/a #))) k':tsx? df}Hbft ePsf] ;~rfns l;+x
atfpg'x'G5 .
k':tsfnosf] nfOa|]/L O;" a"ssf] /]s8{ x]bf{ k|foM kf7sx?n] k9\g /mrfPdf
k':tsx? 3/df nu]/ k9\g] u/]sf] e]l6G5 . k':tsfnosf] ejg /f]8;Fu}
hf]l8Psf] / k9\g] pko'Qm sf]7f gePsf]n] o:tf] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] kf7s
ju{ tyf Joj:yfkssf] egfO 5 . lzIffsf] Hof]lt /fd|/L gkm}lnPsf] cj:yfdf
aemfª h:tf] b'u{d e]udf k':tsfno :yfkgf u/L of] cj:yf;Dd NofO
k'¥ofpg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsx? wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 eg] o;df
;dofg's"n ;'wf/ ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;df ;a}sf] Wofg hfg'
plQs} h?/L 5 .
– s]zaxfb'/ vftL
lgjt{dfg ;efklt – g]=/]=;f]=, aemfª
tyf
k|wfgfWofks – afnljsf; k|f=lj=, uf]nfO{
)))
/fli6«o ;flxlTos q}dfl;s klqsf ‘xfd|f]

k'/miffy{’df lj1fkg lbP/ nfe p7fpg'xf];\ .
ls/0f k':tsfnosf] kftf]
ls/0f k':tsfnosf k|sfzgnfO{

ljZjJofkL agfpg] k|of;
@)&% ;fndf ls/0f k':tsfnon] :j0f{hoGtL dgfof] . cg]sf}+ cf/f]x–
cj/f]xsf aLr ls/0f k':tsfnon] cfwf ztfAbL kf/ u/\of] . cfwf ztfAbLsf
o;sf d'Vo lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf] :j0f{jif{ ljz]iff°df o;sf
;xof]uL, lxt}ifL, kf7s / n]vssf ljrf/x? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . ls/0f
k':tsfnosf] Pp6f ;+lIfKt clen]vsf] ?kdf s'n $@* k[i7 ePsf] …xfd|f]
k'/miffy{Úsf] of] ljz]iff° cfhsf gofF kf7sx?nfO{ cGj]if0fLo / k7gLo
;fdu|L aGg]5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 .
:j0f{hoGtLsf] cj;/df k':tsfnosf nflu ;a}eGbf dxÎjk"0f{ pknlAw eg]sf]
gofF ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] yfngL ug'{ xf] . :j0f{jif{sf] cj;/ kf/]/ @)&%
;fn sflt{s !* ut] >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/IffdGqL uf]s0f{ lai6n]
Ps eJo ;df/f]xsf aLr j}lbs ljlwk"j{s ls/0f k':tsfnosf] gofF ejg
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lznfGof; ug'{eof] . pQm ljz]if ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
pxfFn] of] ejg hlt ;Sof] l56f] ;Dk"0f{ nfut Aoxf]g]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
tkm{af6 agfOg]5 egL cfZjf;g lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] cfZjf;gcg'?k g}
@)&^ ;fnaf6 ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f u/L ls/0f k':tsfnosf] gofF ejg
lgdf{0f sfo{ b'|t ultdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . k':tsfno kl/jf/sf nflu of]
cToGt dxÎjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s pknlAw aGg uPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
k':tsfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sn] dGqL lai6k|lt xflb{s cfef/;lxt
wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k':tsfnosf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg
u/fO{ tTsfn sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf nflu dGqLHo"n] lg/Gt/ b]vfpg'ePsf]
pT;fx / ;lqmotf cToGt k|z+;gLo 5 . jfO{=P= Ol~hlgol/Ë sG;N6]G;L
sf7df8f}+sf Ol~hlgo/ cdg df:s]n] tof/ ug'{ePsf] l8hfOg, 8«OË, nfut
Ol:6d]6;lxtsf] gSzf lgMz'Ns kf; ul/lbgsf nflu /];'Ëf gu/kflnsfnfO{
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . ldlt @)&%÷&÷!! df /];'Ëf gu/kflnsf sfof{no
3/ gSzf zfvfaf6 ejg lgdf{0f c:yfoL Ohfhtkq k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .
o; aLrdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 % s/f]8 ^) nfv hltsf] ah]6
ljlgof]hg eO{ uf]/vfkqdf 6]08/ lg:sg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf]
lyof] . ldlt @)&%÷!@÷!) ut] cfOtaf/sf] uf]/vfkqdf af]nkq
cfXjfg;DaGwL ;"rgf cFu|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt eof] . g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ aa/ dxn,
sf7df8f}+n] On]S6«f]lgs la8\; cfXjfg u/\of] . 6]08/ cfXjfgsf ;Dk"0f{
k|lqmof k"/f u/L @)&^÷#÷@ df 7]= afF;'/L ;'lgn ;dL/ h]=eL= u'NdL;Fu /fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ n] 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf (Contract Agreement) u/Øf] . pQm k|flws/0f s]Gb|Lo
cfof]hgfaf6 @)&^÷#÷!* df @! dlxgfleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L sfof{b]z
lbOPsf] 5 . pQm sfof{b]z @)&^÷#÷@% b]lv nfu" ePsf] 5 . o;sf]
/]vb]v lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ kfNkfaf6 x'g]5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sfof{b]z k|fKt ePkl5 afF;'/L ;'lgn ;dL/ h]=eL=, lhNnf
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ kfNkf / ls/0f k':tsfno Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] Pp6f ;+o'Qm a}7s a;L lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] ;dembf/L
sfod eof] . k':tsfnosf] k'/fgf] ejg eTsfO{ tTsfn lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8
a9fpgsf nflu ejgdf ePsf k':ts, kqklqsf, kmlg{r/ cflb ;fdu|L
:yfgfGt/0f ug{sf lglDt k':tsfnon] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L lhNnf zfvf
u'NdL / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt u'NdLnfO{ @÷@ j6f sf]7fx? pknAw
u/fOlbO{ ;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w u/\of] . ;f] cg';f/ pQm zfvf / ;ldltaf6
k':tsfnonfO{ sf]7fx? pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ca k':tsfnosf] ejg
lgdf{0f gx'Fbf;Dd k':tsfnosf] sfof{no lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ejg
-;dGjok|d'vHo"sf] lgjf; tnsf] e'O{+ tnfdf, klxn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
/x]sf] 7fpFdf_ df ;~rfng x'g]5 . k':tsfnosf cGo ;fdu|Lx? –k':ts,
kq–klqsf, kmlg{r/ cflbsf] e08f/0f /]8qm;af6 pknAw u/fOPsf @ j6f
sf]7fx?df ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 lgdf{0f ul/g] ls/0f k':tsfnosf] gofF ejgn]
k':tsfnosf] jt{dfg ef}lts cj:yfnfO{ k"/f ug'{sf ;fy} k':tsfnonfO{
cTofw'lgs ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO{ O{–nfOa|]/Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ d2t ug]{5
eGg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .
– ;lrj
gf}nf] ;[li6 M ;fgf] b[li6
!= cfwf lh:tf
8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL k"jL{o bz{g;Fu
;Da4 /x]/ ;f/ule{t lgaGwx?sf
;|i6f dfq geO{ hLjgL, n3'syf,
Joª\Uo / ;dfnf]rgfsf If]qdf klg
kl/lrt gfd xf] . pxfF s'zn
;Dkfbs klg x'g'x'G5 . !@ j6f
5flgPsf n]vx? h;nfO{ cfwf
lh:tfleq n]v]/ k|:t't ug{
;lsG5 . To;} clek|fon] k|:t't
;+u|xsf] gfd cfwf lh:tf /flvPsf]
5 . o;sf] k|sfzg ls/0f
k':tsfnon] cfkm\gf] !% cf}+ s[ltsf
?kdf u/]sf] 5 .
k|:t't ;+sngsf] ;dLIff g]kfn
r]o/ sfzL lxGb" ljZjljBfnosf
8f= lzjk|;fb kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf]
5 . o; ;+sngleq n]vssf ljljw ljifo–;Gbe{sf /rgfx? 5g\ .
klxnf] n]vdf n]vs sDKo'6/sf sf/0f k/fwLg aGg yfn]sf] dfgj k':tfsf
;Gbe{df rrf{ ub}{ dl:tissf] ;jf]{Rrtf :jLsfg'{ ePsf] 5 . n]vsn]
P]ltxfl;s, kf}/fl0fs Pj+ cfWoflTds ljifo–;Gbe{df ljr/0f ub}{ uxg
ljrf/x? k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] gjf}+ n]v – …zAbx?sf] cy{lj:tf/ /
cy{ ;ª\s'rg M s]xL pbfx/0fÚ df n]vsn] ljut s]xL ;docufl8
kl/jt{gsf gfddf tyfslyt ljåfg\x?n] u/]sf] j0f{ljGof;ut kl/jt{g Pj+
eflifs c/fhs l:yltsf] lrq0f ug'{ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf of] ;Gbe{ g]kfnL
efiffsf] ljsf;df lrGtfsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . n]vsn] o; n]vdf
eflifs ;+/rgf nx8df kl/jt{g gug{ ;'emfj klg lbg'ePsf] 5 . …cfwf
lh:tfÚ leqsf ;a} n]vx? cToGt dxÎjk"0f{ 5g\, ;'/mlrk"0f{, ;f/ule{t /
k7gLo;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . cToGt kl/>dk"j{s cfkm\gf] ljåQf cfwf lh:tfdf
k:s]/ sfuhsf lstfasf kfgf kmsf{pg] kf7sx?df ;dk{0f ug'{x'g] 8f=
1jfnL ;fw'jfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 .
@= af]sfsf] dg
rd{rIf'af6 7luPsf sfzLgfy
ldl>t v08sfJo, dxfsfJo,
n]v–;+u|xsf ;fy} ljleGg
;flxlTos klqsfdf km'6s/
/rgf k|sflzt u/]/ 1fgrIf'sf]
k/fqmd b]vfpg] JolQmTj x'g\ .
pgsf] af]sfsf] dg Joª\Uo
lgaGw–;+u|x @)&% d+l;/df
k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . k|sfzgsf]
lhDdf lng] e'F8L k|sfzgn]
Joª\Uo lgaGw ;|i6fsf] ?kdf
pgnfO{ lrgfPsf]df pQm
k|sfzs ;f3'jfbsf] kfq ePsf]
5 . o; ;+u|xleq @$ j6f
leGg zLif{ssf lgaGwx?
;ª\slnt 5g\ . lgaGwsf/
;dfhsf ljs[lt /
lj;Ëltx?df st} cfqmf]z kf]Vg vlKk; 5g\ eg] st} pgL efiffdf b]lvPsf]
pRrf/0fut q'l6nfO{ lnP/ Joª\Uo k|xf/ u5{g\ clg pgL …P]Ú nfO{ …PÚ eg]/
pRrf/0f ug]{x?l;t vlgPsf 5g\ . lgaGwsf/n] n}lËs lje]bsf] vf]O/f]
vGb} cfTdk/s z}nLdf …y'OSs 5f]/Lsf] afa'Ú lgaGw /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;
;+u|xdf efjgf, ;flxTo, /fhgLlt, ;d;fdlos ;Gbe{nufotsf kIfdf Joª\Uo
ul/Psf] 5 . g]tfnfO{ lr7L n]Vb} lgaGwsf/n] vf]nf] t/]/ nf}/f] la;{g]
g]tfk|lt Joª\Uo u/]sf 5g\ eg] 5f]/LnfO{ lr7L n]Vbf klg lgaGwsf/
;d;fdlos /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df vlgPsf 5g\ . ;f9] b'O{ bzscufl8 /S;L
v08sfJo n]Vg] lgaGwsf/ cfh ToxL /S;LnfO{ cFu]/f] eGb} u/]sf 5g\ .
nfj/, rGb|df / 3fF;Ldf lgaGwsf/ ufpF ;dfhdf tLtf–dL7f k|;Ëx?df
8'n]sf 5g\ . x/]s lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/sf j}olSts cg'ejx? klg kf]lvPsf
5g\ . xfd|f] ?9Lu|:t ;dfhn] leGgf–leGg} ?kaf6 k'¥ofPsf rf]6x? b]vfpFb}
clwsf+z 7fpFdf lgaGwsf/n] u'gf;f] / Joª\Uo u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg ljifo–
k|;Ëdf pgsf] snd ;zQm ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . Joª\Uo ;flxTosf]
Oltxf;df k|:t't ;+u|x pNn]vgLo s[ltsf ?kdf /xg]5 . ldl>tsf]
;flxlTos ofqf cGo ljwftkm{ klg df}nfpFb} hfcf];\ . xflb{s z'esfdgf Û
#= xfd|f] ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/
…;a} hflt dfgj xf], dfgj hflt
Ps} xf]Ú eGg] dfgjLo lrGtg
af]s]sf /0f]Gb| a/fnLsf] gjf}+ s[lt
…xfd|f] ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/ @)&@Ú
l9n} eP klg xftdf k/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf ljleGg
kIfx?nfO{ lr/kmf/ ub}{ /rgf
ul/Psf @) j6f n]vx? o;
s[ltdf d'7f] ag]/ cfPsf 5g\ .
wd{–bz{g, ;+:s[lt, dg':d[lt,
Oltxf;, k'/f0f, j]b, lg0f{ol;Gw',
>Ldb\efujt, afOan, uLtf,
s'/fg, rf0fSo gLltsf ;fy}
tt\;DaGwL ljåfg\x?sf
n]vx?;d]t ulx/f] cWoog u/]/
cfkm\gf] wd{, ;+:s[lt /
;+:sf/leqsf ;sf/fTds /
gsf/fTds b'a} kIfnfO{ phfu/
ug]{ sfo{ k|:t't ;+u|xdf ul/Psf]
5 . xfd|f ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/x? cflb sfndf j}1flgs tYosf] hudf pd|]/
;dosf] qmd;Fu} ltgLx?df qmdzM ljsf/ / ljs[lt b]lvPsf] s'/fsf] r'/f]
ulx/f];Fu cWoog ubf{ e]l6g] tYolt/ klg n]vs k'Ug} cfF6\g'ePsf] 5 t/
st} k"jf{u|xsf n]; eg] ge]l6Psf xf]Ogg\ . dfgjtfk|lt pkxf; ub}{
hftkft, 5'jf5"tsf gfddf emfFluPsf ljs[ltx? cfhsf] PSsfO{;f}+
ztfAbL;Dd klg x6\g g;s]sf] tLtf] oyfy{;Fu ;a}sf] ;xdlt 5 . z'?df
;t\ljrf/n] rflnPsf sbdx? klg cfh qmdzM df]l8b} uP/ ljs[ltsf] ?k
lnPsf] oyfy{l;t n]vs ;xdt 5g\ t/ kl/jt{gsf gfddf PSsfl; x/]s
s'/f x6fpg vf]Hbf c;Dej x'g] tYoaf6 klg 6f9f x'g'x'Fb}g . h;/L ;of}+
jif{sf] cGt/fndf oL s'/fx? af+luP To;/L g} ;f]emf agfpg klg ;of}+ jif{
nfUg] tYo;Fu lj1 u|Gysf/nfO{ ;fob …xf]Ú eGg s/ nfUnf . ljleGg
b[li6sf]0faf6 xfd|f k|d'v ;+:sf/x?sf] gfnLa]nL s]nfP/ tof/ kfl/Psf]
k|:t't s[ltn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf gofF b[li6sf]0f lbPsf] 5 . s[lt k7gLo 5 .
xfd|f ;dfhsf] oyfy{ lrq o;df sf]l/Psf] 5 .
$= lzIffsf tL lbg
;+:d/0ffTds u|Gy ;|i6f
k'ik/fh kf}8]nsf] bf];|f]
;+:d/0ffTds s[lt …lzIffsf tL
lbgÚ @)&% nfO{ x]8\; g]kfnn]
k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . o;
;+:d/0fdf !)% j6f
;+:d/0ffTds n]vx? 5g\ .
n]vsn] cfkm\gf] ljBfyL{
sfnsf cg'ejx? clwsf+z
7fpFdf k:s]sf 5g\ . ^
bh{geGbf a9L n]vdf ljBfyL{
sfnsf cg'ejx? ;d]l6Psf
5g\ eg] afFsL ;f9] b'O{ bh{g
n]vx?df lzIfs 5Fbfsf /
z}lIfs ;]jf ubf{sf cg'ejx?
;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ljutsf
36gfqmdnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t}
lbdfudf ;'/lIft u/]/
zLif{snfO{ ;fy{s agfOPsf]
5 . x/]s kf7sf] cGTodf
pQm 36gfaf6 cfkm"n] l;s]sf kf7x? pNn]v u/]/ ;a}sf nflu 1fg /
lg0f{o ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ k|;Ëx? pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cfkm"n] lzIff ln+bf
/ lb+bf a6'n]sf cg'ejx?sf] hLjGt k|:t'lt k|:t't s[ltdf kfOG5 . g]kfndf
ljutsf ;fdflhs / cfly{s cj:yfn] z}lIfs cj:yfdf hdfPsf] k|efj
…lzIffsf tL lbgÚ leq cg'ej ug{ kfOG5 . n]vsn] clwsf+z zLif{sx?
cg'k|f;o'Qm ?kdf /fv]sf 5g\ . cg'ej / 36gf ;Gbe{n] Ps–b'O{ n]v
k9]kl5 !)% j6} n]v k9]/ l;Wofpg vf]Hg] hfFu/ x/]s kf7sdf pTkGg
x'G5 . ;+:d/0ffTds u|Gysf ;|i6f M k'ik/fh kf}8]n ;fw'jfbsf kfq ePsf
5g\ .
– cls~rg
)))
otfptfaf6
zlz kGyL / …ls/0f k':tsfnoÚ

ls/0f k':tsfnosf] !# cfgfeGbf
Hofbf hUuf 5 . & sf]7] b'O{ tn]
ejg, cfjZos kmlg{r/ / !)
xhf/eGbf Hofbf k':ts tyf
kqklqsfx? 5g\ . of] k':tsfnosf @
hgf :jo+;]jsaf6 lg/Gt/ sfo{
;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . k':tsfnodf
jfrgfnfosf] Joj:yf 5 . kf7sx?nfO{
lgMz'Ns k9\g kfOG5 . To;/L g} w/f}6L
/fv]/, ;b:o ag]/ 3/d} k':ts nuL
k9\g klg kfOG5 . oxfF g]kfnsf
k|ltli7t sljx?sf] hGdhoGtL dgfpg] Clif cfhfb
sfd ul/G5 . ;do–;dodf :yfgLo
:t/df, lhNnf:t/df, k|b]z:t/df /
/fli6«o:t/df z}lIfs / ;flxlTos
uf]i7Lx? x'G5g\ . u'NdLdf hGd]/
;flxTo ;fwgf u/]sf, /x]sf
;|i6fx?nfO{ jflif{s Ps k6s ;Ddfg
ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 .
cfh d}n] kfjge"ld /];'Ëfsf] hudf a;]/ ;flxlTos ;fwgf ug]{ csf{
sd{of]uL zlz kGyLsf] JolQmTj / pgsf] kxnsbdL / s'zn g]t[Tjdf
:yflkt ls/0f k':tsfnosf] ljifodf s]xL n]Vg] hdsf]{ u5'{ . x'g t ls/0f
k':tsfno ;fj{hlgs k':tsfno xf] . of] k':tsfnodf :yfgLo y'k|}
dxfg'efjx?sf] kl;gf l;l~rt ePsf] 5 . o;af6 xhf/f}+ nfeflGjt ePsf
5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 klg ;fdfGo cfly{s, ef}lts ;xof]u ePs} 5 .
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg o;sf] ;+jw{gsf] nflu 7f]; of]ubfg lbg yfn]sf]
5 . zlz;Fu xf]:6]df x}+;] ug]{ y'k|} gfdx? hf]l8P/ cfPsf 5g\ . of] ;+o'Qm
cleofg xf] . t/ d}n] s;}sf] gfd 5'6\g] 8/n] tL cfb/0fLo JolQmTjx?sf]
gfd glnO{sg ;'6'Ss zlz kGyLnfO{ xflb{s awfO{ lbb} ls/0f k':tsfnosf]
ljifo;Fu pgsf] hLjg hf]8]/ n]Vg] hdsf]{ u5'{ .
d ;fg} 5Fbf zlz kGyLsf] gfd ;'Gy]+ . pgsf] k"/f gfd zlzls/0f kGyL
xf] . pgn] @)@% ;fndf cfkm\gf] gfd zlzls/0faf6 …ls/0fÚ zAb x6fO{
k':tsfnosf] gfddf /fv]/ cfkm"nfO{ zlz kGyL dfq eg]sf x'g\ eGg] ;'g]sf]
lyPF . Tof] cGwsf/do o'udf klg pHofnf]sf] nflu 5fd5'd ub}{ ls/0f
k':tsfno h:tf] dxÎjk"0f{ ;+:yf vf]Ng ldn]sf] ;kmntfnfO{ wGo
;Demg'k5{ . pgn] Tof] k':tsfnoaf6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú k|sfzg
ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgs} k|wfg ;DkfbsTjdf pQm klqsf ljut %) jif{b]lv
lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 . krf; jif{;Dd lg/Gt/ rNg' rfgr'g] s'/f lyPg .
pgn] h] u/] lgs} si6;fWo sfd u/] . pgnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] xflb{s
clegGbg tyf ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . sf7df8f}+aflx/ /x]/ olt kl/kSj /
u'0f:t/Lo ;flxlTos klqsf k|sfzg ePsf] g]kfns} nflu klxnf] x'g ;S5 .
o;y{ klg zlz kGyL u'NdL, c3f{vfFrLlt/sf] nflu dxÎjk"0f{ JolQm
dflgG5g\ . pgsf] of]ubfgsf] ;j{q k|z+;f x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
hLjgsf] k"jf{w{df u/]sf c;n sfdx?sf] d"Nof°g / k|z+;f pQ/fw{lt/ x'g
yfN5 . k"jf{w{df c;n sfd ug{ g;Sg]x?n] pQ/fw{df ;dfhdf uxlsnf]
of]ubfg lbg s]xL ;do cjZo nfU5 . t/ klg g]kfndf clxn] ;]jf lgj[Q
sd{rf/L / lzIfs / k|fWofksx?n] ;dfhdf y'k|f] of]ubfg lbg yfn]sf
5g\ . ;fdflhs sfdx?df w]/}sf sd{jL/ xftx? nfUg yfn]sf 5g\ .
k"jf{w{df xfl;n u/]sf 1fg, ;Lk, cg'ejx? pQ/fw{df gofF lk9LnfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;xh ePsf] 5 . zlz kGyL klg cfkm\gf 1fg ;Lk
cg'ejx? gofF gofF k':tfx? dfem kl:s/x]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] If]qdf cw'gftg
k'/ftg 1fgx?sf] ;+of]hg u/L cfbz{ lzIffsf cfwf/df c;n ;dfh
agfpg tk:of ul//x]sf 5g\ . oqtq 8'Ng hfFbf cfh zlz kGyL
cfpFb}5g\ eGg] ;'Gbf ;dfhdf h'g cfsif{0fk"0f{ xnrn ;'lgG5 Tof] g} pgsf]
dxTtd ;DklQ xf] . pgL k"hgLo 5g\ . pgL hxfF hfG5g\ ToxfF k|efj
5f]8\5g\ .
zlz ;flxTosf/ x'g\ . pgL ;flxTosf/eGbf klg ;flxlTos cleofGtf x'g\
eGbf Hofbf pko'Qm x'G5 . pgn] w]/} sljx?nfO{ ;flxlTos ;fwgfsf] nflu
cj;/x? lbP . pgn] af6f] b]vfPsfx? dxfslj;Dd aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .
/fli6«o dxÎjsf y'k|} If]qx?df ljleGg cf]xf]bfdf a;]/ d'n'ssf] ;]jf
ul//x]sf 5g\ . af}l4s, k|fljlws, ;flxlTos, /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts If]q
pa{/ agfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;a}n] zlz kGyLsf] gfd uj{sf;fy lnG5g\ . oL g}
pgsf] cd"No ;DklQ xf] . oxL gfdaf6 pgL d/0ff]k/fGt klg afFlr/xg]5g\ .
lxGb" cfbz{df j|talGwt eO{ l:ytk|1 :jefj xfl;n u/]sf pgL ;f}Do JolQm
dflgG5g\ . pgL ;a}sf ;femf JolQmTj dflgG5g\ . pgsf] efujtLo :jefj
;a}sf nflu cg's/0fLo 5 . pgn] Tof] If]qdf c;n ;dfh agfpg cfkm"
dfq c;n ag]gg\ l;ª\uf] ;dfhnfO{ ;+:sf/ eb}{ c;n agfpg si6;fWo
sfd u/]sf 5g\ . To;f] ug{sf] nflu pgn] klxnf cfkm" c;n aGg] ;+sNk
u/] . pgL cfkm" dfq c;n ag]gg\ . l;Ëf] ;dfh c;n agfpg k':tsfno
:yfkgf u/] . pgsf] rfxgfcg';f/ tD3f;df Pp6f /fd|f] k':tsfno aGof] .
pgn] k':tsfno dfq x}g /];'Ëf SofDk;nfO{ pTsif{df k'/fP . pgn] SofDk;
dfq vf]n]gg\ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/L cAan hgzlQm lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg
lbP . To;/L g} cfkm"n] cfkm\gf] :jefjcg';f/ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ldf
/x]/ sfd ub}{ s]Gb|;Dd k'u] . lhNnfsf] d'6'df a;]/ pgn] w]/}nfO{ lzlIft /
bLlIft kf/] .
pQm k':tsfnosf] k|efj xfd|f] d/]Ëlt/ klg k¥of] . d/]Ëdf xfdLx?n] k|ult
k':tsfno ;~rfng u¥of}+ . xfd|f] p2]Zo k~rfotL PstGqnfO{ x6fP/
k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stGq :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] k|]l/t lyof] . ToxfFaf6 xfdLn]
dxÎjk"0f{ sfo{x? ;Dkfbg uYof}{+ . ljz]iftM Tof] dfS;{jfbL cWoog
s]Gb|h:tf] ag]sf] lyof] . Tof] ;+:yf lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] 7"nf] xft
5 . t/ tD3f;df v'n]sf] k':tsfno eg] ;fj{hlgs cWoog s]Gb| ag]sf]
lyof] . ljleGg k':ts / kqklqsfx? k9\g xhf/f}+ JolQmx? cfpFy] . ls/0f
k':tsfnon] ;a}nfO{ hu}b]lv Ao'FemfPsf] lyof] . xfd|f] JolQmTj aGgsf] nflu
klg k|ToIf k/f]If tD3f;sf] k|efj 5 . tD3f;af6 lzlIft / bLlIft o'jfx?
w]/} lyP . nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf tD3f;n] ;w} cu|0fL e"ldsf lgefpFYof] .
nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt lgi7f /fVg] zlzaf6 w]/}n] lzIff lng'k5{ .
cfh d o; cfn]vsf] dfWodaf6 pgsf] of]ubfgsf ;fy} ls/0f
k':tsfnosf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' . of] k':tsfno @)@%
;fn sflt{s @) ut] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . xfn /];'Ëf * df kg]{ pQm 7fpF
klxnf nIdLk'/ ufpF k~rfotdf lyof] . k':tsfnon] @)@* ;fn ebf} # ut]
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L sfof{no, lzIff zfvf, u'NdLaf6 cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf]
xf] . cg'dlt k|fKt ug{ klg # jif{ kv{g'k/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] :jLs[lt eg]
@)@( c;f]h @( ut] lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] sfof{no kfNkfaf6 ePsf]
xf] . tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] kl/jlt{t gLlt lgodcg';f/ ;do
;dodf lhNnf k|zf;g / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{ :jLs[lt lnO{
clen]vLs/0f / gjLs/0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . of] j}wflgs ;+:yfsf]
?kdf lg/Gt/ rn]sf] 5 . of] tD3f;sf] cfe"if0f xf] .
of] ;+:yfsf] k|s[lt ljz'4 u}/gfkmfd"ns / hglxtsf/L 5 . ;d'bfosf]
;xof]udf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf ;~rflnt 5 . of] ljz'4 z}lIfs, ;flxlTos
;fdflhs ;+:yf xf] . of] :jzfl;t / ;+ul7t 5 . ;+:yfsf] ljwfgcg';f/
lglZrt k|lqmofaf6 h'g;'s} g]kfnLn] klg o; ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf lng
;Sg]5 . xfn ! ;oeGbf Hofbf ljlzi6 / cfhLjg ;b:o /x]sf k':tsfno
;efaf6 k|To]s #, # jif{df ( ;b:oLo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g x'Fb} cfPsf]
5 . k|To]s jif{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef, n]vf k/LIf0f / clen]v gjLs/0f
u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
ls/0f k':tsfnosf] !# cfgfeGbf Hofbf hUuf 5 . & sf]7] b'O{ tn] ejg,
cfjZos kmlg{r/ / !) xhf/eGbf Hofbf k':ts tyf kqklqsfx? 5g\ .
of] k':tsfno @ hgf :jo+;]jsaf6 lg/Gt/ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
k':tsfnodf jfrfgfnosf] Joj:yf 5 . k7sx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns k9\g kfOG5 .
To;/L g} w/f}6L /fv]/ ;b:o ag]/ 3/d} k':ts nuL k9\g klg kfOG5 .
oxfF g]kfnsf k|ltli7t sljx?sf] hGd hoGtL dgfpg] sfd ul/G5 . ;do–
;dodf :yfgLo :t/df lhNnf :t/df, k|b]z :t/df / /fli6«o :t/df z}lIfs
/ ;flxlTos uf]i7Lx? x'G5g\ . u'NdLdf hGd]/ ;flxTo ;fwgf u/]sf Ps
hgf ;|i6fnfO{ jflif{s Ps k6s ;Ddfg ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 .
cGTodf sd{sf] kmn kfOG5 . Tof] kmn t'/Gt x}g, w]/} jif{kl5 klg k|fKt
x'G5 . zlzsf] au}+rfdf /x]sf kmnkm"n j[Ifx?df k|z+;fsf kmnx? kmNg
yfn]sf 5g\ . To;df ;a}n] k|lt:kwL{ ;dfhdf Psn] csf{sf] k|z+;f ubf{
cfkm" tn kl/G5 eGb} cf]7 n]a|fpg] rng 5 . /fd|f] sfd u/]sfnfO{
clegGbg ubf{ cflx|; ug]{x? klg 5g\ . t/ ;dfhn] c;nnfO{ ;Ddfg
ul/5f8\5 . cfh d o; cfn]vdfkm{t zlz kGyLnfO{ xflb{s clegGbg ub}{
;dfh ;'wf/sf] nflu lg/Gt/ nfUg ;kmntf ldnf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf k|s6
ug{ rfxG5' .
– ;fef/ M b}lgs kq /fli6«o b}lgs
-@$ k';, @)&%_ af6 .
)))
kf7s–k|ltlqmof
…xfd|f] k'/miffy{Ú j]a–;fO6df k9\g kfpFbf

v';L nfUof] .
;DkfbsHo",
xfd|f] k'/miffy{ -q}dfl;s_
xfd|f] k'/miffy{ q}dfl;ssf] :j0f{jif{ ljz]iff+s *) k9\g] df}sf kfPF . ls/0f
k':tsfnosf] xfnsf] ejg cufl8 / k|:tfljt gofF ejgsf] cfsif{s kmf]6f]
k5fl8 ePsf] of] lstfa aflx/af6 x]bf{ lgs} ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 . leq x]bf{
dfggLo dGqL >L uf]s0f{ lai6n] gofF aGg] k':tsfno ejg lznfGof; ub}{
ubf{sf] / k':ts k|bz{gL x]b}{ ubf{sf] ;Dkfbs zlz kGyL;d]t ePsf] /+uLg
cfsif{s kmf]6fn] of] c+s k"/} k9\g k|]l/t u/]h:tf] efg x'G5 . kfgf kN6fpFbf
;DdfggLo /fi6«klt tyf k|wfgdGqL, k//fi6«dGqL, >d /f]huf/ tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqL, k|b]z g+= % sf d'VodGqL / ;fdflhs ljsf;
dGqLsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]zn] klqsfsf] ul/df a9fPsf] 5 . s'6'/f] km'sfpFbf,
e]63f6 :tDe;lxt jl/i7 ;flxTosf/, slj / n]vs;d]t &% JolQm /
JolQmTjsf dxÎjk"0f{ n]v sljtf cflbsf] zLif{s k9\g ;lsG5 . lj1x?nfO{
/;kfg u/fpg ;DkfbsLonfO{ ;hfOPsf] 5 . ljBf, cIf/, cljgfzL 5g\ .
1fg Hof]ltd{o 5 . cIf/ /f]k]/ pHofnf] pdfg{ pBt eGg] a]hf]8 zAblrqdf
n]lvPsf] ;DkfbsLosf] :t/Lotf ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df k'u]sf] 5 . ;a} n]v
sljtf :t/Lo 5g\ . s]xL ljåfg\x?sf n]vsf] d"ne"t ;f/ tn pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 M–
æk':tsnfO{ d hLjgsf] Pp6f cleGg, ;fx|} Kof/f] / OdfGbf/ ;fyL dfG5',
h;n] dfG5]n] h:tf] wf]sf lbb}gÙ a? ;'vdf cfgGb / b'Mvdf k|]/0ff /
xf};nf lbG5 . k':tsfno hlt /fd|f] ;]jf c? 5}g . hfthflt, ju{, j0f{,
wd{, lnË, pd]/ cflb s]xLsf] e]befj gx'g] 7fpF k':tsfno xf] .Æ
– k|Voft ;dfh;]jL OlGb/f bnL .
æe}/xjf / uf}/sf] h]ndf aGbL ePsf] a]nf u'NdLsf] ls/0f k':tsfno;Fu a9L
;Dks{ ePsf] lyof] . h]ndf xfd|f] k'/miffy{ k9\g] / n]Vg] df}sf kfPsf] lyPF .Æ
– df]bgfy k|l>t
æh]ndf a:bf 1fgxl/ / zlz kGyL b'a} dnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ x'g'ePsf]
lyof] . ls/0f k':tsfnoaf6 zlz kGyLhLdfkm{t k7fOPsf lstfax? k9]kl5
;fyLnfO{ lbg] ub{y]+ .Æ
– s]z/dl0f kf]v/]n .
æxfd|f] k'/miffy{sf] :yfoL :tDe e]63f6 Hofb} dxÎjk"0f{ 5 . 1fgjw{s 5 .
o;af6 ufu/df ;fu/ el/Psf] plQm rl/tfy{ x'G5 .Æ
– efujt 1jfnL .
æls/0fn] ljljw If]qnfO{ ;+:kz{ u/] klg /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o lIflthdf ;d]t
lj:tfl/t u/fpg dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ sfo{ xfd|f] k'/miffy{af6} ePsf]
5 .Æ
– 8f= /fdk|;fb 1jfnL .
æs'g} :yfoL ;|f]t gePsf], /fhwfgLaflx/sf] Pp6f ;flxlTos klqsfn]
k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg clj:d/0fLo 5 .Æ
– k"0f{k|;fb clwsf/L .
æh'g 3/df 1fgjw{s k':tsx? x'Fb}gg\, Tof] 3/ e"t a+unfh:tf] x'G5 .Æ
– 8f= lzjk|;fb kf}8\ofn .
æcf7f}+ ztfAbLdf Pp6f af}4 leIf'n] ;+:s[tdf n]v]sf] kq rLgdf cfh klg
;'/lIft /flvPsf] 5 .Æ
– 8f= afa'/fd 1jfnL .
æsf7df8f}+ klZrddf o:tf] Tofu, lgi7f / ;dk{0fn] s'g} ;flxlTos k|sfzgsf]
olt nfdf] Oltxf; agfPsf] s'/f dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . of]ubfgnfO{ lg/Gt/
/fv]sf] b]v]/ xif{ nfU5 .Æ
– 8f= uf]ljGb e§/fO{ .
æg]kfndf k':tsfno vf]Nbf klg ;hfo x'GYof] . u'NdLdf @)@% ;fndf ls/0f
k':tsfnosf] :yfkgf e} ;lqmotfk"j{s ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .Æ
– tLy{/fh jGt .
æ1fgsf] Gofok"0f{ jf ;dGoflos ljt/0fdf k':tsfnosf] 7"nf] e"ldsf 5 /
o;df ;a}sf] k|j]z ;'ne x'G5Æ
– s[i0f 1jfnL .
æd]/f] ;f}Gbo{ k':ts xf], k':tssf] ;f}Gbo{ k':tsfno xf] .Æ
– k|f= 8f= slkn nfld5fg] .
æh] eP klg k':tsfno eg]/ lrgfPs} ls/0f k':tsfnon] xf] dnfO{ .Æ
– lzjz/0f 1jfnL .
æef/t, cd]l/sf, ci6]«lnof cflb d'n'sdf ;d]t o;sf k|ltlglwx? /x]sf
5g\ .Æ
– 8f= lx/0onfn 1jfnL .
æls/0f k':tsfnon] ;du| blnt lxtsf] nflu Pp6f u|Gy g} k|sfzg u/]/
7"nf] u'g nufPsf] 5 .Æ
– O{Zj/ lj=s= .
æ;j{k|yd k|b]z:t/Lo e]nf cfof]hgf u/]/ ls/0f k':tsfnon] b]zdf g}
cu|0fL k':tsfnosf] hgfp lbPsf] 5 .Æ
– rGb|sfGt cfrfo{ .
æzlz kGyLn] h]ndf n]gLgn] n]v]sf] /fHo / qmflGt h:tf] k|Voft dfS;{jfbL
k':ts;d]t k7fOlbg'eof] .Æ
– a]b'/fd e';fn .
æk':tsfnon] k|To]s jif{ efg', df]tL, nIdL / n]vgfy hoGtL dgfpg] /
k|ltefnfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 .Æ
– 8f= bfdf]b/ 9sfn .
æzlzls/0f kGyLn] hLjgsf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm:j?k …k|sfzÚ k':tsfnodfkm{t
;dfhnfO{ ;'Dk]/ cfkm" zlz kGyL dfq eP/ /xg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
– u0f]zk'0o >]i7 .
æk':tsfno cfkm} af]Nb}g, lsGt' p;n] ;dfhnfO{ af]Ng l;sfpF5 .Æ
– 8f= nIdLsfGt kGyL .
æls/0f k':tsfnosf ;~rfns, xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf ;Dkfbs d08n Hofb} r§fg]
5ftL af]s]/ la8f] yfld/xg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
– k|f= 8f= /fhf/fd pkfWofo .
ækrf; jif{sf] sfnv08 5f]6f] xf] cgGt sfnqmddf . xfdL cNkfo' dTo{df
of] Ps o'u xf] .Æ
– bLg kGyL .
æk~rfotsfnLg s7f]/ lbgdf k':tsfno :yfkgf u/]/ cfh;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg'
rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . cfkm\g} gfddf hUuf gfkL u/fpg] xf]8 rn]sf] a]nf
k':tsfnosf] gfddf hUuf gfkL u/fpg', ejg agfpg' ;fgf] nufgL /
Tofun] ;Dej lyPg .Æ
– xL/f P=;L= .
ædflg;x? b'O{ yl/sf x'G5g\ . Psyl/ cfkm" afFRgsf nflu vfG5g\, csf{y/L
c?sf] pksf/sf nflu . ljåfg\ zlz kGyLn] …k/f]ksf/ k'0ofoÚ plQmnfO{
/fd|f];Fu a'em\g'ePsf] 5 .Æ
– nLnfdl0f 9'+ufgf .
æls/0f k':tsfno jf:tjdf u'NdLsf] klxrfg ag]sf] 5 .Æ
– jgdfnL lg/fsf/ .
æk':tsfnon] Ps bh{geGbf a9L k':ts k|sflzt u/]/ df]km;nsf
k':tsfnox?df sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] 5Æ
– ch'{g 1jfnL .
z'esfdgf, ;DkfbsLo / se/afx]s $)* k[i7 /x]sf] of] :j0f{ c+sdf ls/0f
k':tsfnosf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L, %) jif{sf] ofqfdf cfuGt's k'l:tsfdf
cltlysf pb\uf/x?, k':tsfnosf ljleGg txsf ;b:ox? tyf Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] gfdfjnL, btf{ k|df0fkqx?, n]lvPsf zf]wkqx?, k':tsfnosf]
kftf], gf}nf] ;[li6 M ;fgf] b[li6 cflb dxÎjk"0f{ ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf
5g\ . ug{ sl7g x'G5 t/ eGg ;lhnf] x'G5 . u|Gy cfsf/sf] c+s lgsfNg'
;lhnf] sfd kSs} xf]Og . of] c+sdf klxnf n]v k7fpg] n]vsnfO{ klxnf]
:yfg lbOPsf] 5 . jl/i7 slgi7 eg]/ e]befj ul/Psf] 5}g .
klxnf] k6s of] c+s j]a–;fO6df k9\g kfpFbf v';L nfUof] . j]a–;fO6
agfP/ k':tsfnonfO{ ct'n d2t ug]{ xfn cd]l/sfdf /x]sL Onf kGyL /
dx]z cfrfo{nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . xfd|f] k'/miffy{ ca g]6af6
;+;f/el/ k9\g kfOg] ePsf] 5 . cfw'lgstfdf km8\sf] df/]sf] xfd|f] k'/miffy{n]
;+;f/el/ km}lng] df}sf kfPsf] 5 . k|ltkmn gb]lvg], hLjge/ lg/Gt/
vl6O/xg' kg]{ of] b'is/ sfo{nfO{ hLjg ;fyL agfpg' ePsf ;fws >L
zlz kGyL / pxfFnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;fy / ;xof]u lbg'x'g] >L bLg kGyL tyf
;'lznf lk|G6;{nufot ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ :j0f{ c+s *) k|sfzgsf] nflu
xflb{s wGojfb / ;Ddfg 1fkg ub{5' .
– w'|j/fh kGyL
;+/Ifs ;b:o M ls/0f k':tsfno, tD3f;, u'NdL .
)))
xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf cfhLjg÷:yfoL u|fxsx? M
-s_ cfhLjg
qm=;+= u|fxssf] gfd 7]ufgf
(@!= >L sNof0f kf}8]n ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsf–#, z°/gu/,
?kGb]xL, df]=g+=(*%&)@^#^*
(@@= >L d~h' e';fn ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsf–@, z°/gu/,
?kGb]xL . df]=g+=M(*%&)&!^)%
(@#= >L zf]efs/ Gof}kfg] tfg;]g gu/kflnsf–!$, cu{nL, kfNkf,
xfn–lqe'jg ax'd'vL SofDk;, tfg;]g
df]=g+= (*%&)^@^^$
-v_ :yfoL M
qm=;+= u|fxssf] gfd 7]ufgf
^)= >L ljBfdlGb/ dfWolds ljBfno afUn'ª, u08sL k|b]z .
:j= e]ifaxfb'/ s'Fj/ …k|of;LÚ :j= 8f= dl0fnfn zdf]{kfWofo

ls/0f k':tsfnosf k"j{ sf]iffWoIf tyf …xfd|f] k'/miffy{Úsf ;xfos ;Dkfbs e]ifaxfb'/
s'Fj/ …k|of;LÚsf] ldlt @)&^÷)@÷!& sf lbg &! jif{sf] pd]/df / ef/tsf] jf/0f;L
;x/df xfd|f] k'/miffy{sf] ljb]z k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf sfo{/t 8f= dl0fnfn zdf]{kfWofosf]
ldlt @)&^÷)#÷@@ ut]sf lbg c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]df lbj+ut cfTdfx?sf]
lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s >4f~hln ck{0f ub{5f}+ .
ls/0f k':tsfno
tyf
xfd|f] k'/miffy{ kl/jf/

tD3f;, u'NdL
e"–sDk k|lt/f]wL 3/ agfcf}+ .
@)&@ j}zfvsf] h:t} e"–sDk h'g;'s}
a]nf hxfF klg hfg ;S5 . To;}n],
3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ Ol~hlgo/sf] ;Nnfx
lnP/ dfkb08cg';f/ 3/ agfcf}+ .
u'0f:t/Lo ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]u u/L
tflnd k|fKt 8sdL{x?af6 3/ lgdf{0f
u/f}+ .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

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Hamro Purushartha 82

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