Tanauan Institute, Inc.

– Senior High School Department

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

PREPARING FOR DRAFTING 1st Session

MATERIALS AND TOOLS/DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments applicable to a specific
job.

Values Integration

Drafting is a specialized drawing style engineers and designers use to convey and record
ideas or information necessary for the construction of structures and machines. It requires
different drawing tools and equipment that helps the drafter in many ways. Identifying such
tools and equipment helps us to work effective and efficient while keeping the drawing
precise and accurate.

Vocabulary

Assembly drawing – a drawing that shows how different parts go together

Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 1
 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Geometrical construction – the process wherein geometric problems are solved accurately in
mechanical drawings
Pictorial view – the presentation of an object where it is viewed showing the three faces of an
object are shown
Requisition form – an official form, a printed document on which a request is made
Sketch – a quickly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work

Discussion

DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools used in mechanical drawing. The
drafting materials and tools discussed in this Module include most of the basic ones but
sufficient enough for your initial understanding about mechanical drawing.

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
Drawing instruments are used for drawing and designing purposes. Their quality is very
essential if you want to have good result. Cheaper drawing tools and instruments do not only
provide poor quality results but also do not last long. You have to observe proper handling and
care if you want them.

Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 2
 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Ques

Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 3
 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

1. Which among the drafting materials and drawing tools and instruments matter to
you the most and why?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Activity
DIRECTION. There are twelve (12) different drafting materials and tools and drawing
instruments that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten (10) of them.

Quiz

I. DIRECTION. Select the drafting material and tool/drawing applicable to a specific job.
1. A drafting tool used for drawing horizontal lines
A. Compass B. Triangle C. T- square D. Triangular Scales

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

2. Drafting material used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table
A. Compass B. Divider C. Masking Tape D. Triangle
3. The main function of this tool is to reproduce the measurements of an object to any size.
A. Compass B. Protractor C. Triangle D. Triangular Scales
4. This drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the drawing when removing unnecessary lines.
A. Erasing Shield B. Eraser C. Masking Tape D. Pencil Sharpener
5. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.
A. Compass B. Triangle C. Triangular Scales D. Rule

II. Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is required A. Eraser
2. Used to clean the dirt off the drawing B. Medium pencils
3. An instrument used for transferring measurements C. Protractor
4. Type of pencils used for general purpose in drawing D. Divider
5. Best tool when measuring arcs, angles and circles E. Hard pencils
F. Triangle

Reflection

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

References

Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 5
 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook

Technical Drafting
st
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: Mr. Laurence C. Abanilla
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session
Proper Manipulation of
Drating Tools in Drawing Lines 2nd Session

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Properly execute the use of t-square in creating different kinds of lines.
2. Demonstrate the task following the given procedure using the t-square.

Values Integration

It is not enough that you only know the concepts and functions of the different drafting
materials and drawing instruments. It is also important that you are able to demonstrate the skills
needed in using such tool because in this way, you will become more familiar with the way how
it is used and be able to achieve a more accurate and precise drawing.

Vocabulary

Manipulation- is the skillful handling, controlling or using of something or someone

T-Square- a drafting tool that is mainly used in drawing horizontal lines.

Discussion

Proper Manipulation of the T-square

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the given
procedure.
Instrument:
 T – Square
Equipment:
 Drawing Table (Drafting Table or Drawing Board)

Procedure:

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge of the drafting table. (Left side of the
table if you are right handed and at the right side of the table if you are left handed).
2. Slide the working head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table.
The two edges should be in constant contact until the desired position.
Note: Do not use the T-square on an uneven or rough surfaces and never cut paper along its
working edge.

Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 8
 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Setting up Drawing Paper on the Drawing Table

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the given
procedure.

Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape

Instrument:
 T – Square

Equipment:
 Drawing Table

Procedure:
1. Press firmly the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table.
2. Place the drawing paper close to the working edge of the drawing table and working
head of the T-square depending on you if you are right or left-handed, while the paper is placed
on top edge of the T-square.
3. Fasten the upper left portion of the drawing paper followed by the lower right portion
and finally the remaining corners.

Note: Always fasten larger backing sheet of thicker drawing paper on the board first.

Drawing a Horizontal Line

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the
given procedure.

Materials:

 Drawing paper

 Masking tape

Instrument:

 T – Square

 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

Equipment:

 Drawing Table

Procedure:

1. Press the head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table and lean the pencil to the
desired direction of the line inclined at more or less 60 degrees with the drawing table.

2. Maintain the position of the pencil while you glide lightly on the blade of the Tsquare.

3. Draw the line from left to right rotating occasionally to produce uniform line weights.

(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).

Drawing a Vertical Line

Materials:

 Drawing paper

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

 Masking tape

Instrument:

 T – Square

 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

Equipment:

 Drawing Table

Procedure:

1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.

2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the vertical edge on the left. 3.
With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against the drawing board, draw the line
upward, rotating the pencil slowly between the thumb and forefinger. See figure below.

Questions

1. Why do you think it is necessary to use a specific drawing instrument for a specific task
in drawing?

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the proper use of t-square affect the quality of the drawing?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Activity

1.

Quiz

Reflection

(The desired value(s) indicated in the beginning of the lesson must be reflected in this
section)

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 12

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

Request, Receive, Inspect and Store 3rd Session

Drafting Materials and Tools

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Receiv aend inspect materials and tools per quantity and specification based on
requisition.
2. Check tools and materials for damages and manufacturing defects.
3. Handle received materials and tools/instruments with appropriate safety devices.

Values Integration

After gaining knowledge from the previous activities, you are ready to learn about
official documents and other related forms pertaining to involve when you need drafting
materials, drawing tools and instruments needed in preparing mechanical drawings. Now
proceed to another learning experiences. Enjoy and have fun!

Vocabulary
Form- a printed or typed document with blanked spaces for insertion of required or
requested information
Purchase- to buy (property, goods, etc): to get (something) by paying money for it.

Request- something that a person asks for.

Delivery- something that is taken to a person or place: something that is delivered.
Quantity-an amount or number of something
Condemnable- something that cannot be used nor repaired.

Discussion

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 13

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

PROCEDURES IN RECEIVING AND STORING TOOLS AND MATERIALS

The Receiving Department has the function to unload and unpack incoming materials; check
quantities received against the shippers packing list; identify goods received with descriptions on the
purchase order; prepare a receiving report; notify the purchasing department of descriptions discovered;
arrange for inspection when necessary; notify the purchasing department of any damage in transit; and
rout accepted materials to the appropriate manufacturer’s location.
The form also provides a space for the inspection department to note either the complete approval
of the shipment or the quantity rejected and the reason for the rejection, in inspection does not take place
immediately after receipt of the materials, the receiving report is distributed as follows:
The receiving department keeps one copy and sends another copy to the purchasing department as
notice of the arrival of the materials.
All other copies go to the inspection department, and are distributed when inspection is
completed. After inspection, one copy of the receiving report, with the inspection result is sent to the
accounting department, where it is matched with the purchase order and the vendorsrs invoice and the
paid. Other copies go to various departments such as materials and production planning. One copy
accompanies the materials, so that the storekeeper knows the quantity and the kind of materials received.
INVENTORY
Inventory is an idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value, and are held in various
forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation, use or sale in a
future point of time

INVENTORY FORM
The Inventory form contains information about items (name, number, sales and purchase
information, and cost of goods sold account information) that any business purchases for sale, tracks in
inventory, and displays on a balance sheet.
VARIOUS FORMS
Accurate entry in different forms used in drafting works is essentially important in order to purchase
right, accurate and complete number of drawing materials, tools and instruments needed in a specific
drafting job. Here are sample various forms used in drafting works.

A. Sample Requisition Slip Form

This is an official paper in the form of a printed document on which a request in
made.
Name:
Project:

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Classification:
Purpose:

B. Sample Purchase Requisition Form

Below is a sample purchase requisition form. For standard materials, little information other than the
stock number may be needed and for other purchases requests, it may be necessary to give particular
descriptions, blueprints, catalog numbers, weights, standards, brand names, exact quantities to order, and
suggested prices. One copy remains with the originating employee, and the original is sent to the
purchasing department for execution of the request.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 15

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

C. Sample Delivery Receipt Form

Delivery receipt form shows proof or receipt of goods or services. The receiver acknowledges
receiving a consignment of goods from supplier. The buyer signs it before it is returned to the seller.
This officially takes care of uncertainties on the part of the supplier who gets to know the safe and timely
arrival of goods to their designated destination.
Name of Supplying Company:
Delivery Receipt:
Supplier’s Address:
Date:

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

D. Sample Inventory Form of Drawing Tools and Instruments

E.

Sample Borrower’s Slip

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Questions

1. What do you think is the significance of using various forms in requesting, receiving, inspecting
and storing drafting tools and equipment?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. How often should we check the inventory of our drafting tools and equipment?
Why do you think so?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity

A. Directions: In a short bondpaper, create your own Sample Delivery Receipt Form using the
following information below.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 18

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Name of Supplying Company: Surname + Incorporated

Supplier’s Address: 335 Gonzales St. Mariano West Bolinao, Pangasinan
Date: Date today

ITEMS:
5 plywood (PHP 1000 each)
28 small boxes of nails (PHP 500 every 4 boxes)
4 paint brushes (PHP 35)
1 white and 2 brown buckets of paint (PHP 800 each color)

Large Stickwell glue ( PHP 200)

Masking tape (PHP 25)

Quiz

A. Directions: Under column A are disarranged words of different forms used in drafting when
requesting, receiving and inspecting needed materials, tools and instruments. Arrange it to form the
correct word or words.

Column A Column B
1. ROIFYVT MNOENF 1. ________________________________
2. RLVCDPYT EEEEIIR 2. ________________________________
3. PRESO ROBRWIL 3. ________________________________
4. SODEAR CUPREAH 4. ________________________________
5. FITIMEON SIRUROQ 5. ________________________________

Reflection

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 19

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

References

ONLINE REFERENCES:

“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”

Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st

Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

SELECTING AND USING 4th Session

PROPER MEASURING EQUIPMENT

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Measuring instruments are selected and used according to the level of accuracy required.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 20

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

2. Measurements taken are accurate to the finest gradation of the selected measuring
instrument.
3. Measuring techniques used are correct and appropriate to the instrument used.

Values Integration

An understanding of measurement is essential for all parts of manufacturing and

production technology. Measurements must be uniform so that people have common
understanding and application in the production and use of manufactured objects.

Vocabulary

Angle - geometrical figure composed of two straight lines intersecting at one of their extremities
Concentric circles - consist of two or more circles with a common center.
Decimal - number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10, especially a decimal fraction
Dimension - measurable extent of length,

Discussion

IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING TOOLS

Measuring tools are essential for examining a finished product or semi- finished product. The
inspection or examination operations include checking, or testing an object based on the required
dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch. Measurements taken must be accurate.

DIFFERENT MEASURING TOOLS

1. T-Square- is used as guide in drawing horizontal lines and in measuring up to 48” straight line.

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

2. Triangles are used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles are the
45 and the 30x 60. Illustrations below show the proper use of drawing lines and measuring angles
using the T-square and triangle.

4.Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12 inches in length. It is needed for
measuring sizes and distances.

5. Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its main purpose is to reproduce the dimension in full
size or to reduce or enlarge them on a drawing. Scales help a drafter keep the proportions accurate.

STEPS IN USING A SCALE:

a. Place the edge of the scale parallel to the line being measured.
b. Face the edge of the scale that you're reading toward your non dominant side (if it's oriented vertically)
or away from you (if it's oriented horizontally). This helps keep you from casting shadows on the relevant
face of the scale as you work.
c. Make light marks to indicate the distance you're measuring or drawing out, as measured by the scale. d.
Adjust dividers with the scale by making a pencil line as long as the dividers should be wide, using the
scale as a guide. Then adjust the dividers by orienting the points on the ends of the pencil line. Adjusting
the dividers by placing the points directly on the scale might nick the surface of the scale, making it hard
to read.

5. Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the triangles.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 22

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

6. Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to about 300
feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case. Metric tape ruler comes in comparable widths and lengths up
to 10 meters. It provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved surfaces.

7. Compass is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and parts of many symbols.

STEPS IN USING A COMPASS

a. Place the point of the drafting compass at the center point of the circle you intend to draw. If you're
drawing an arc, imagine that the arc extends all the way around into a circle and place the point of the
compass at the center of that imaginary circle.
b. Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc--or circle--
to be. If you're drawing an arc at a specific distance from the center point, make a line of the desired
distance, adjust the point and leaded end of the compass against the ends of that line, then place the point
of the compass back at the center point of your circle or arc.
c. Grasp the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers. Twist your fingers, applying light
downward pressure on the compass to mark out the desired length of arc or circle with the leaded end of
the compass.

8. Divider is similar to the compass in construction. As the name implies, divider is used for dividing
distances into a number of equal parts by the trial-and-error method.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 23

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

STEPS IN USING A DIVIDER

a. Align each arm of the dividers so that one point is laying on the start point of the measurement you
want to transfer and the other divider point is laying on the endpoint of that same measurement.
b. Lift the dividers off the measurement you intend to transfer, being careful not to change their
alignment.
c. Place the dividers over the location you'd like to transfer the measurement to, and make a pencil mark
to indicate where each of the dividers' pointers sits. This duplicates the measurement.

Questions

2. What is do you think is the significant difference between a ruler and a scale ruler?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. Based on your answer on the previous question, when do you think is the right time to use a
ruler and a scale ruler?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Activity

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is the measuring tool used for a. Triangle
measuring and setting of Angles b. Tape Ruler
2. It is the most popular type of measuring tools, c. Protractor

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 24

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

usually 6 or 12 inches in length.

3. Its main purpose is to reproduce, reduce or d. Scale
enlarge the dimension of size on a drawing. e. ruler
4. It is used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. f. divider
5. It provides an easy means for accurately
measuring curved surfaces.

Quiz

I. DIRECTION. Name the different measuring tools shown below. Use a separate sheet for your
answer

Reflection

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 25

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 26

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st

Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

CLEANING AND STORING 5th Session

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Measuring instruments are cleaned in accordance with established standards.
2. Measuring instruments are stored in accordance with established standards.

Values Integration

Without properly functioning measuring tools, you may not be able to get the job done
right, so it’s crucial that you keep your gages in optimal condition. Some of these kinds of
tools can be very sensitive, and slight variations in conditions can cause them to malfunction
and deliver inaccurate results. It’s essential that you follow proper care and maintenance
procedures with all of your measuring tools.

Vocabulary
Maintenance- the act of keeping property or equipment in good condition by making
repairs, correcting problems

Discussion

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 27

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

It is better to own a few good tools than a number of poor ones. In acquiring tools, be guided by
quality and durability. Quality tools are known by their popular trade mark. But also consider that the life
of any drawing or measuring tools will depend on how well you take care of them. Drafting measuring
tools should be well maintained to continue working properly. Organizing and storing these items have a
great deal to do with keeping them in tiptop shape and good working condition. You can assure that your
tools will last long if you patiently and religiously take care of them.
Good workmanship is associated with the use of quality hand tools. Maintaining effective use of
drafting tools in the production of quality projects is the concern of every craftsman.
A good tool is a lifelong investment and the craftsman’s best friend. Treat it as such and you’ll
be repaid a thousand times through the results you will obtain from its use.
Clean/Store Drafting Measuring Tools
1. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. This is to check if they are in working condition.This can
be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with another piece of cloth
before keeping it.
3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a nail (attached to a wall) at
the end of its blade.
4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.
5. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody; instead, hand it over to him carefully.
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position from time to time,
because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles protect the drawing. Pick up the triangle by its tip
and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.
8. Do not pull too much the steel tape of pull-push rule to the coil spring to avoid damage.
9. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers, and compasses to
avoid stock-up.
10. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to instructor immediately

Questions

4. What do you think are some problems that you might encounter if you create a drawing
using tools that aren’t in good condition?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 28

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Activity

In a short bond paper,

a. Draw a simple house that you dream for yourself using tools and equipment that are not in good
condition.
b. Draw a simple house that you dream for yourself using tools and equipment that are properly
maintained.
QUESTION:
1. What difference have you noticed in drawing your dreamhouse using the properly maintained
tools and not in good condition tools?

Quiz

I. DIRECTION. List down at least five uses and care of drafting or measuring tools.
1. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

II. DIRECTION. TRUE or FALSE. A. Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the
statement is False. Write your answer in your notebook.
_____ 1. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles across the drawing
_____ 2. T-square is preferably hung when not in use.
_____ 3. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to instructor immediately
_____ 4. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 29

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

_____ 5. Be sure to check and then clean tools before and after using them.

Reflection

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st

Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 30

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

CONVERSION OF FRACTION 6th Session

AND DECIMAL

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Perform calculation needed to complete task by applying trade mathematics/ mensuration
2. Convert numbers from decimal to fraction and vice versa.

Values Integration

Mathematical conversion is also one of the major factors that is necessary to have an accurate and
precise drawings that allows efficient communication among engineers.

Vocabulary
Decimal- a number system relating to or denoting a system of numbers and arithmetic
based on the number ten, tenth parts, ad pwers of ten.
Fraction- a numerical quantity that is not whole number (eg. ½, 0.5)

Discussion

Changing Fractions to Decimals

Any rational number can be changed from fractional form to decimal form. This is done by
simply dividing the numerator by the denominator.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 31

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 32

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Rounding Off Decimals

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 33

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Metric measurements in decimals are often long numbers. They must often be rounded to a
convenient number of digits. In this text most metric dimensions are either whole millimeter or two-
places decimals that have been rounded off. To help you round off your own calculation, rules of
rounding are discussed below.
1. If the first number to be eliminated is less than 5, simply drop it (and the number to the right of it)
and let the last significant digit stand.
a. Example: Round off 25.4 mm to whole millimeter.
Solution: Simply drop the .4
Answer: 25

b. Example : Round off 0.3125 (5/16) into two significant digits.

Solution: The first number to be eliminated is 2: Simply drop it and all numbers to
its right(5)
Answer: 0.31

2. If the number to be eliminated is 5 or more, drop the number, then add one to the last digit
retained.
a. Example: Round off 78.6 into its nearest ones.
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 6 which is greater than 5, drop 6 and add
one to the last digit retained.
Answer: 79

b. Example: Round off 92.65 into its nearest tenths.

Solution: The number to be rounded off is 5, drop 5 and add one to 6 which is the
last digit retained.
Answer: 92.7

CONVERSION of DECIMALS TO FRACTIONS

A decimal is changed to a fraction by using 10 or any power of 10 as denominator of the given
decimal. Then change to lowest term when possible.

Millimeters Equivalent of Decimals and Fractions of an Inch.

This table is used to find the equivalent decimal numbers and millimeters of a given fraction.

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Questions

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

5. What do you think are some of the drawings wherein the use of conversion of fraction to
decimals (vice versa) is applicable?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Aside from creating accurate and precise drawings, what other things can you apply your
knowledge in conversion? How is it helpful?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Activity

DIRECTIONS: In a short bond paper, make a handwritten table of “Millimeters Equivalent of

Decimals and Fractions of an Inch” from the lesson and be creative in doing so.

Quiz

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 36

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

CONVERTING ENGLISH TO METRIC MEASUREMENT 7TH Session

AND VICE VERSA

Objectives of the Lesson

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. The learners shall be able to perform accurate measurements and calculation based on a
given task.

Values Integration

With the fast-paced technology surpassing the reality, complex things can be
done easily and hassle-free along the lines of computing and converting numbers from
one system to another. But, it is very significant to know how to do these things manually
just to tickle our mind and exercise our complex thinking.

Vocabulary

System of measurement- is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them

to each other.

Discussion

TRADE MATHEMATICS / MEASUREMENT

Measuring accurately is a skill that should be developed. Inaccurate measurement would mean
waste of time, effort and materials. The development of the skill in measuring starts with the ability to
read measurement
An orthographic or pictorial view of an object cannot be used as a working guide in the
construction of an object without complete and accurate dimensions indicated in the drawing..

Two systems of measurement

There are two systems of measurement: the English system which originated in England and the
Metric system or Systems International (S.I) which originated in France.
The basic unit in the Systems International measurement is called the meter. The meter is divided
into 100 centimeters. Each centimeter is divided into 10 millimeters. They are abbreviated as follows:
Millimeters- mm
Centimeters- cm
Decimeters- dm
Meters- m

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

In the English system , the inch is divided into 16 graduations and the smallest graduation is read
1/16.

To read measurement exceeding 1 inch say 2” and for smaller graduations, it is read and written
as: 2” 4/16 or 2 ¼.
1 foot + 2 inches + 3 smaller graduations, it is read and written as: 14” 3/16

In the Systems International measurement , the meter is divided into 10 millimeters. as shown
below:

Metric System of Measurement English System of Measurement

(LINEAR EQUIVALENT) (LINEAR EQUIVALENT)

Metric Conversion Table

English Conversion Table

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Conversion Formulas

Questions

7. Why do you think it is necessary to convert numbers from one measurement system to
another?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8. What are some of the real-life applications of conversion? Give at least two (2).
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity

Directions: Write the correct measurements as indicated by extension lines below. Use
a separate sheet of paper.

A. ENGLISH SYSTEM

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B. METRIC SYSTEM

Quiz

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 41

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

I. DIRECTION. Convert the following measurements from English to Metric System

of Vice Versa.

1. 60 cm = __________ in.
2. 2. 3 ½ in. = __________ cm.
3. 3. 75 cm. = __________ m.
4. 10 in. = __________ cm.
5. 30 cm = __________ ft.

Reflection

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net
LO1 Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan Company: 1999. French and Vierck.
Engineering Drawing 10th edition MacGraw, Hill Book Company, 1960 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1
and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing Delmar Publishing:
1977 Competency Based Learning Material, Civil Technology Competency Based Learning Material,
Drafting Technology http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/image
http://www.ehow.com/how_4880813_use-drafting-tools.html

LO 2 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to

Technical Drawing Delmar Publishing: 1977 Spence/Atkins. Technical Drafting : Metric Design and
Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting Technology
Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 42

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

LO 3 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to

Technical Drawing Delmar Publishing: 1977 Spence/Atkins. Technical Drafting : Metric Design and
Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting Technology
Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop

LO 4 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Spence/Atkins. Technical Drafting :

Metric Design and Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based Learning Material,
Drafting Technology Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook

Technical Drafting
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: Mr. Laurence C. Abanilla
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session
Alphabet of Lines 8th Session

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Apply appropriate technical and graphical communication in the technological
system.
2. Identify Line types for the alphabet of lines.
3. Construct lines properly on drawings.

Values Integration

Communication plays a vital role in many aspects of life and so in drafting. Line, which
is an example of such is a factor to clearly convey the information in the drawing and so as to
effectively communicate with the architects and engineers. In this case, we are going to learn the
different types of lines that are used in drafting and their specific functions.

Vocabulary
T-
Line- shortest distance between any two points.

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Discussion

The Alphabet of Lines in Technical Drawing.

Lines in technical drawings are part of a specialized graphic language that is standardized
throughout industry. Each type of line has a very precise symbolic meaning. Correct usage of this
"alphabet of lines" is essential whether you use traditional drafting methods or CAD.

In order to understand what the drafter is trying to get across, you must be able to understand the
symbols and lines he uses.

-Each line has a definite form and line weight.

-The standard thick line weight varies from .030 to .038 of an inch.
-The standard thin line weight varies from .015 to .022 of an inch.

What are the 11 Main Line Types used in Drafting?

1. Visible 7. Section
2. Hidden 8. Cutting- Plane
3. Center 9. Phantom
4. Dimension 10. Viewing- Plane
5. Extension 11. Break
6. Leader

1. VISIBLE LINES

-Dark, heavy lines.

-Show the outline and shape of an object.

-Define features you can see in a particular view.

2. HIDDEN LINES

-Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.

-Shows the outline of a feature that can not be seen in a

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 44

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

particular view.

-Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they

clutter a drawing.

3. SECTION LINES
-Thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle.
-Indicates the material that has been cut through in a
sectional view.

4. CENTER LINES
-Thin line consisting of long and short dashes.
- Shows the center of holes, slots, paths of rotation,
and symmetrical objects.

5. DIMENSION LINES
-Dark, heavy lines.
-Show the length, width, and height of the features
of an object.

-Terminated with arrowheads at the end.

6. EXTENSION LINES
-Used to show the starting and stopping points of
a dimension.
-Must have at least a 1/16th space between the object and the extension line.
7. LEADER LINES
-Thin lines.
-Used to show the dimension of a feature or a
note that is too large to be placed beside the feature itself.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 45

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

8.CUTTING-PLANE LINES
-Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90 degree
arrowheads.
-Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see
the interior detail.

9. BREAK LINES
-Used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part.
Three types of break lines with different line weights.
a. Short Breaks
b. Long Breaks
c. Cylindrical Breaks

a. SHORT BREAK LINES

-Thick wavy line.
-Used to break the edge or surface of a part
for clarity of a hidden surface.

b. LONG BREAK LINES

-Long, thin lines.
-Used to show that the middle section of an object
has been removed so it can be drawn on a smaller
piece of paper.

c. CYLINDRICAL BREAK LINES

-Thin lines.
-Used to show round parts that are broken in half
to better clarify the print or to reduce the length of
the object.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 46

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

10. PHANTOM LINES

-Thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pairs of short dashes.
Three purposes in drawings.
a. To show the alternate position of moving parts.
b. To show the relationship of parts that fit together.
c. To show repeated detail.

Image source: https://o.quizlet.com/c6rznc2c9olEupsIQ-i09w_b.jpg

Questions

1. Why do you think the line is the “Language of the Drawing”?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think will happen if the lines aren’t used in accordance with their
function?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 47

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Activity

Direction. In a short bond paper, draw a simple figure with the use of proper lines
included in the alphabet of lines.

CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT

RATING SCALE:

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 48

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Quiz

DIRECTION. Identify the type of line used in the drawing.

1. _______________________ 7. ______________________
2. _______________________ 8. ______________________
3. _______________________ 9. ______________________
4. _______________________ 10. _____________________
5. _______________________ 11. _____________________
6. _______________________ 12. _____________________

Reflection

__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 49

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st

Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

Freehand Sketching in Drafting 9th Session

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 50

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

4. Understand the importance of freehand sketching.
5. Create freehand sketches using the correct sketching techniques.

Values Integration

Some of the greatest inventions that eases our way of living today started from
the sketch of ideas of the greatest people using a pencil and a sheet of paper only. Started
from a simple line, the simple sketch is now converted into a stupendous machine.
Amazing isn’t it? In this particular lesson, we are going to discuss a few things about
sketching and its importance in the design-making process.

Vocabulary
Sketch- a rough or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more
finished picture.
Idea- a simple thought or suggestion.

Discussion

WHAT IS A SKETCH?
A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – schedios, "done extempore") is a rapidly executed
freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work. Sketches can be made in
any drawing medium.
WHAT IS SKETCHING?
Sketching is a rapid, freehand method of drawing without the use of drawing instruments.
Sketching is also a thinking process and a method of communication.
-This is not artistic sketching, but technical sketching.
-Emphasis will be on sketching geometric figures to represent features of objects.
- Medium grade pencils work best for sketching.
- All lines should be dark enough to standout from the page.

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Although most final drawings are computer generated, initial and freehand sketches are vital to
the design process.
Freehand does not mean messy. Sketches should display an adequate amount of detail, and any
pertinent notes/comments pertaining to the drawing. For instance, if a line is supposed to be straight,
make it as straight as possible. A square will not pass for a circle.

SOME HELPFUL TIPS IN SKETCHING:

1. Sketching straight lines does not mean they have to look like they are machine drawn.

2. If you don’t have a ruler, you can estimate dimensions using your pencil when sketching.
3. Always keep your pencil at arms length.

4. Layout of drawing using your pencil for dimensional reference.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 52

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Questions

1. What do you think is the difference between sketching and drawing?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What can be the help of making a sketch first for someone who is planning to design
his/ her dreamhouse?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity

Directions: In a short bondpaper, create a sketch of a futuristic house that you dream for you and your
family. Consider some factors such as the space and the use of colors.

CRITERIA FOR THE DRAWING:

COMPOSITION-------------------------------------------------------20

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 53

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

CREATIVITY------------------------------------------------------------20
RELEVANCE TO THE THEME (FUTURISTIC HOUSE)---------- 5
CLEANLINESS---------------------------------------------------------- 5
TOTAL POINTS---------------------------------------------------------50

Quiz

A. Directions: Under column A are disarranged words of different words related with sketching.
Arrange it to form the correct word or words.

Column A Column B
1. BNGRIANSRTMIO 1. ________________________________
2. FARTD 2. ________________________________
3. EDIA ENEGTAIONR 3. ________________________________
4. FSHDEUNINI GRWDANI 4. ________________________________
5. MNESOILANDI RREFECEEN 5. ________________________________

Reflection

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 54

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

References

ONLINE REFERENCES:

“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”

Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/abhishekyagnik/gsmst-foe-04-sketching-and-
dimensioning-part-3-07?qid=e7cd462e-a4da-4b79-be6c-
1713ad8c9afa&v=&b=&from_search=12

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st

Subject Teacher: ____________________

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Topic Session

INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING 10TH session

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Produce neat, precise, and legible freehand lettering.

Values Integration

Lettering is an important part of drawing. It gives information regarding size, and

instructions, in the form of notes and dimension. On a drawing, whole of the written
information is always in the form of lettering.

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 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Vocabulary

Letter- a character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; any of the symbols of an
alphabet.
Stroke- a mark made by drawing a pen, pencil, or paintbrush in one direction across paper or canvass.

Discussion

INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
WHAT IS LETTERING?
Lettering is an umbrella term that covers the art of drawing letters, instead of simply writing
them. Lettering is considered an art form, where each letter in a phrase or quote acts as an illustration.
Each letter is created with attention to detail and has a unique role within a composition. Lettering is
created as an image, with letters that are meant to be used in a unique configuration. Lettering words do
not usually translate into alphabets that can later be used in font since they are created with a specific
word in mind. 

SOME PENCIL TECHNIQUES THAT YOU CAN USE IN LETTERING:

1. The best pencil for lettering on most surfaces are the H, F, and HB grades.
2. The best pencil for lettering on most surfaces are the H, F, and HB grades.
3. Hold your pencil in the position shown. It should make approximately a 60 degree angle with the
paper.
.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 56

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

PENCIL LEAD DESIGNATION

FREEHAND LETTERING
Developing good lettering is a personal skill which takes practice. Letters must be formed
properly. They must be open shaped very legible.
Clear communication is essential to avoid mistakes and reduce waste. Lettering may be done
using a drafting type pencil, lead holder or technical pen. Which ever tool is used, the letters must
properly formed and very black.

STEPS IN FREEHAND LETTERING:

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 57

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

1. Pull the pencil or pen across the paper. All lettering strokes should be a pulling motion.
2. Right-handed and lefthanded drafters may have to develop different styles for forming letters.
3. Press down hard when using a pencil.

Vertical capital letters are preferred for most technical work. They are formed within a 6 by 6 grid.

STRAIGHT LINE LETTERS

Most letters are slightly narrower than they are tall. The shapes of the letters are as open as possible.
Letters with small loops and crossing strokes are avoided.

This sequence is recommended to assure that each letter is the correct width in relation in height. For
example, form the two vertical sides of the “H”, “N” and “M” first. Form the top of the “T” first.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 58

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

The “H” and “N” are slightly narrower than they are tall. The “T” and the “M” are just as wide as they are
tall Note: Proportion: width vs. height is very important in forming letters.

Note: The style of lettering that we are going to use is the SINGLE STROKE GOTHIC LETTERING.

SOME COMMON MISTAKES IN LETTERING

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 59

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

GUIDES IN LETTERING

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 60

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

LETTERING WITH FRACTIONS

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 61

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Questions

1. Why do you think letter is considered as a drawing?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity

Direction: Using the guidelines you have learned in proper lettering, write your full name
(SURNAME, FIRST NAME, MIDDLE NAME) in a short graphing paper. Your output will be graded
using the criteria below.
ACCURACY- 25
CLEANLINESS-25
50

Quiz

Direction: Using the guidelines you have learned in proper lettering, write the vision and mission
statement of Tanauan Institute in a short graphing paper. Your output will be graded using the criteria
below.
ACCURACY- 50
CLEANLINESS-50
100

Subject: Reflection Topic: Session: Page | 62

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

References

Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net
Wikipedia.com

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 63

 Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 64