Python

Python is a general purpose, dynamic, high-level, and interpreted programming

language. It supports Object Oriented programming approach to develop
applications. It is simple and easy to learn and provides lots of high-level data
structures.

Python is easy to learn yet powerful and versatile scripting language.

Python was invented by Guido van Rossum in 1991 at CWI in Netherland. The
idea of Python programming language has taken from the ABC programming
language or we can say that ABC is a predecessor of Python language.

There is also a fact behind the choosing name Python. Guido van Rossum was a
fan of the popular BBC comedy show of that time, "Monty Python's Flying
Circus". So he decided to pick the name Python for his newly created
programming language.

Python has the vast community across the world and releases its version within
the short period.

Python provides many useful features to the programmer. These features make it
most popular and widely used language. We have listed below few-essential
feature of Python.

 Easy to use and Learn

 Expressive Language
 Interpreted Language
 Object-Oriented Language
 Open Source Language
 Extensible
 Learn Standard Library
 GUI Programming Support
 Integrated
 Embeddable
 Dynamic Memory Allocation
 Wide Range of Libraries and Frameworks
Python is a general-purpose, popular programming language and it is used in
almost every technical field. The various areas of Python use are given below.

 Data Science
 Date Mining
 Desktop Applications
 Console-based Applications
 Mobile Applications
 Software Development
 Artificial Intelligence
 Web Applications
 Enterprise Applications
 Machine Learning
 Computer Vision or Image Processing Applications.
 Speech Recognitions

Python Basic Syntax:

There is no use of curly braces or semicolon in Python programming language. It is

English-like language. But Python uses the indentation to define a block of code.
Indentation is nothing but adding whitespace before the statement when it is
needed. For example:

In the above example, the statements that are same level to right belong to the
function. Generally, we can use four whitespaces to define indentation.

Taking input to the user:

Python provides the input() function which is used to take input from the user.
Let's understand the following example.
Example:

Output:

By default, the input() function takes the string input but what if we want
to take other data types as an input.

If we want to take input as an integer number, we need to typecast the

input() function into an integer.

For example:

Example:

Output:

We can take any type of values using input() function.

Python Features:

Python provides many useful features which make it popular and valuable
from the other programming languages. It supports object-oriented
programming, procedural programming approaches and provides dynamic
memory allocation. We have listed below a few essential features.
1) Easy to Learn and Use

Python is easy to learn as compared to other programming languages. Its

syntax is straightforward and much the same as the English language. There
is no use of the semicolon or curly-bracket, the indentation defines the
code block. It is the recommended programming language for beginners.

2) Expressive Language

Python can perform complex tasks using a few lines of code. A simple
example, the hello world program you simply type print("Hello World"). It
will take only one line to execute, while Java or C takes multiple lines.

3) Interpreted Language

Python is an interpreted language; it means the Python program is

executed one line at a time. The advantage of being interpreted language,
it makes debugging easy and portable.

4) Cross-platform Language

Python can run equally on different platforms such as Windows, Linux,

UNIX, and Macintosh, etc. So, we can say that Python is a portable
language. It enables programmers to develop the software for several
competing platforms by writing a program only once.

5) Free and Open Source

Python is freely available for everyone. It is freely available on its official

website www.python.org. It has a large community across the world that is
dedicatedly working towards make new python modules and functions.
Anyone can contribute to the Python community. The open-source means,
"Anyone can download its source code without paying any penny."

6) Object-Oriented Language

Python supports object-oriented language and concepts of classes and

objects come into existence. It supports inheritance, polymorphism, and
encapsulation, etc. The object-oriented procedure helps to programmer to
write reusable code and develop applications in less code.

7) Extensible

It implies that other languages such as C/C++ can be used to compile the
code and thus it can be used further in our Python code. It converts the
program into byte code, and any platform can use that byte code.

8) Large Standard Library

It provides a vast range of libraries for the various fields such as machine
learning, web development. There are various machine learning libraries,
such as Tensor flow, Pandas, Numpy, Keras, and Pytorch, etc.

9) GUI Programming Support

Graphical User Interface is used for the developing Desktop application.

PyQT5, Tkinter, Kivy are the libraries which are used for developing the web
application.

10) Integrated

It can be easily integrated with languages like C, C++, and JAVA, etc. Python
runs code line by line like C, C++, Java. It makes easy to debug the code.

11. Embeddable

The code of the other programming language can use in the Python source
code. We can use Python source code in another programming language as
well. It can embed other language into our code.

12. Dynamic Memory Allocation

In Python, we don't need to specify the data-type of the variable. When we

assign some value to the variable, it automatically allocates the memory to
the variable at run time. Suppose we are assigned integer value 15 to x,
then we don't need to write int x = 15. Just write x = 15.

How to install python(Environment Set-Up):

The first step is to learn how to install or update Python on a local machine
or computer. Here, we will discuss the installation of Python.

Visit the link https://www.python.org/downloads/ to download the latest

release of Python. In this process, we will install Python 3.9.0 on our
Windows operating system. When we go on the above link, it will bring us
the following page.

Step - 1: Select the Python's version to download.

Click on the download button.

Step - 2: Click on the Install Now

Double-click the executable file, which is downloaded; the following

window will open. Click on the Add Path check box, it will set the Python
path automatically.
We can also click on the customize installation to choose desired location
and features. Other important thing is install launcher for the all user must
be checked.

Step - 3 Installation in Process

Now, try to run python on the command prompt. Type the command
python3 --version in case of python3.

We are ready to work with the Python.

PyCharm Installation:

JetBrains provides the most popular and a widely used cross-platform IDE
PyCharm to run the python programs.

As we have already stated, PyCharm is a cross-platform IDE, and hence it

can be installed on a variety of the operating systems.

Installing PyCharm on Windows is very simple. To install PyCharm on

Windows operating system, visit the link
https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/download-
thanks.html?platform=windows to download the executable installer.
Double click the installer (.exe) file and install PyCharm by clicking next at
each step.

To create a first program to Pycharm follows the following step.

 Step - 1. Open Pycharm editor. Click on "Create New Project" option to
create new project.

Step - 2. Select a location to save the project.

1. We can save the newly created project at desired memory location or can
keep file location as it is but atleast change the project default name
untitled to "FirstProject" or something meaningful.
2. Pycharm automatically found the installed Python interpreter.
3. After change the name click on the "Create" Button.
Step - 3. Click on "File" menu and select "New". By clicking "New" option it will
show various file formats. Select the "Python File".
Step - 4. Now type the name of the Python file and click on "OK". We have
written the "FirstProgram".

Step - 5. Now type the first program - print("Hello World") then click on the
"Run" menu to run program.

Step - 6. The output will appear at the bottom of the screen.