Black Book

TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABSTRACT.
1.2 AIM.
1.3 OBJECTIVE.
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH.
1.5 LIMITATION.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
2.LIERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORY
2.1.1 HOW TEXTILE STARTED.
2.1.2 TYPES OF MACHINERY.
2.1.3 EVOLUTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
2.2 ECONOMY
2.2.1 IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN.
2.2.2 PRODUCT IMPORTED INTO RETAIL MARKET.
2.2.3 IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL.
2.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT.

2.3.1 REDUSE OF WASTE MATERIAL FROM TEXTILE.
2.4 WATER SCARCITY.

2.4.1 INCREASING GROUND WATER TABLE
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABSTRACT.
The textile industry holds large fame within side the India. Textile industry gives one of the maximum vital requirements
of the people. It is an unbiased industry from the fundamental requirement of raw fabric to the final product, with large
value-addition of every stage of processing with its contribution of 14% of the whole business production, at the same
time as it contributes up-to 2% percentage of the entire GDP of India. Due to lockdown 40% of textile industries in
bhiwandi are shut. Therefore, in order to raise the textile sector, there should be a right business module beginning
from production unit up to the retailing units, with the help of skills which might be already practicing. We also
can utilize the waste coming from the fabric as a byproduct which can be reused and help in boosting the economy.
1.2 AIM.
Observe and recognize the issues of the textile industries in bhiwandi and provoke a spatial programme
that enables to uplift the state of the industry.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
• Understanding the industrial (textile) manufacturing process, management and production.

• To help the textile industry with the help of skills present in it.
• To promote the small scale business related to textile.
• To identify the existing textiles where training can help and develop the textile business.
• To implement the crafts and skills related to textile.
• To reuse the waste generated from textile.
• Redeveloping the existing well planned textile industry.
• Increasing the ground water content, so that it can be helpful in future.
.
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH
The studies especially focuses on the method of textile taking right from the producing unit as much as the
retailing wherein business modules may be created to boosting up the economy of textile industry, even as
the abilities utilized in fabric may be utilized in learning, in addition to teaching the different types of skills
and crafts used in textile industry. The proposed designed space also can be applied in reusing the waste this is
generated from fabric industry.
1.5 LIMITATION
Since the project is based on business modules there are more limitations:
• The first one is the process of manufacturing up to the retailing and the spaces/people connected to this process.
• Thinking approximately the present textile industry into a brand new one or how can it's applied into my context.
• The different one could be the one of a kind forms of capabilities related to the fabric enterprise.
• The secondary module with a view to be catering to reusing of waste generated from the fabric.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (MIND MAP OF RESEARCH STRUCTURE)
2.LIERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORY-
In the early 20th century, Bhiwandi became a small city inhabited particularly through Maharashtrians. Their maximum not
unusual place occupations had been in agriculture, fishing, and weaving. With the decline of the fabric enterprise in
Mumbai, Bhiwandi have become appealing to fabric corporations because of its sturdy and steady electricity and
transportation infrastructure. With the creation of electricity, electricity looms changed hand looms, and within side the
1930s, the town have become a hub of the fabric enterprise. The first fabric loom turned into installation through Khan
Saheb Samad Seth in 1927.
2.1.1 HOW TEXTILE STARTED.

Bhiwandi turned into in the beginning a handloom center and during '60s it commenced changing itself into power loom
center. During early '80s power looms in Bhiwandi multiplied considerably because of strike with inside the mill area of
Mumbai. Most of the looms in Bhiwandi are old, discarded looms from mill area. Most of the gadgets are with much
less than sixteen looms. Majority of the looms produce shirting’s and get dressed materials. There are approximately
20 manner homes with inside the region of Bhiwandi with a ability to manner approximately 10% of the cloth produced
in Bhiwandi.
2.1.2 TYPES OF MACHINERY.

There are machines tasked with many factors of these tactics that allows you to make the producing of textiles as smooth
as possible. Cotton is one of the most normally used fabrics, such loads of machines are based totally definitely
throughout the fabrication of cotton.
Machines Involving Fiber/Thread/Yarn Production-
• Woolen Mill Machines - used to increase wool into yarn.

• Thread Winding Machines - used to wind thread onto spools.
• Bleaching/Dyeing Machines - used to bleach or dye thread, fibers, or fabric.
• Scutching Machines - used to split cotton seeds from the cotton.
• Carding Machines - used to put together the wool for being made into yarn
• Spinning Machines - used to spin yarn.
Machines Involving Textile Production-
• Knitting Machines - used to knit yarn

• Crochet Machines - used to crochet yarn
• Lace Making Machines - used to weave thread into lace
• Weaving Machines - used to weave thread, such as a loom
• Tufting Machines - used to make textiles where fur is inserted into a base, like carpets or mittens
• Quilting Machines - used to quilt textiles
• Cloth Measuring Machines - used to measure cloth
• Cloth Cutting Machines - used to cut cloth
• Industrial Sewing Machines - large sewing machines
2.1.3 EVOLUTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
The first energy loom in Bhiwandi became commenced withinside the starting of 1930, whilst numerous fabric turbines in
Bombay have been closed because of the first-rate melancholy in material marketplace. This brought about many handloom
weavers to update their handlooms with the aid of using energy looms. In 1936 there have been approximately 1,658 energy
looms in Bhiwandi. By and huge the boom of energy loom enterprise became sluggish withinside the starting because of
bad situation of handloom weavers. After 1949 the handloom weavers of Bhiwandi who had approximately 5,000
handlooms couldn't stand withinside the marketplace which became rapid changing. The deteriorating situations of the
handloom enterprise and the speedy industrialization with inside the united states forced hand-loom weavers to update their
handlooms with the aid of using energy looms. In the 12 months 1951 there have been approximately 3, two hundred energy
looms running at Bhiwandi. In 1960, the variety went as much as approximately 16,500. After 1960 energy looms grew at a
totally rapid fee at Bhiwandi. Proximity to Bombay, the principle all India marketplace for uncooked fabric yarn,
accessories, shops as additionally for material, supplied unique blessings to the energy looms in Bhiwandi. The paucity of
area and energy-deliver in Bombay gave a danger to Bhiwandi because the nearest feasible center for the enlargement of
energy looms. Today Bhiwandi is the largest center of the small-scale energy loom enterprise now no longer best in
Maharashtra however the entire of India.
2.2 ECONOMY
2.2.1 IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN-

Due to lockdown 40% of fabric industries in bhiwandi are shut. Gst, demonetization, etc. Have brought fuel to their crisis.
Old machineries and fluctuating yarn costs are the foundation reasons ensuing in a crisis. On the opposite hand, people who
are best manufacturers with auto looms aren't unhappy, besides for the excessive electricity payments and terrible
infrastructure.
Yarn Prices-
The producers in Bhiwandi are plagued with cheap Chinese products. Traders ought to pay a obligation on ready-made
inventory produced in Bhiwandi while Chinese products are exempt from it. Indian fabric have become luxurious due to
vacillating polyester yarn fees with 12% GST, excessive strength costs and obligation imposed through the government.
Chinese producers are at a bonus as China offers cloth at low fees. About 35% of the looms in Bhiwandi have closed down
and extra than 5five lakh humans have migrated to different locations in pursuit of their livelihood. The fees in addition to
the deliver of yarn must be balanced or reshuffled on a ordinary basis to offer a few relief. GST for cotton is 5%; GST fee
for each cotton and polyester must be the same.
Power Cost-
The strength value withinside the cluster is round Rs. 8.25 to Rs. 8.30 according to unit. However, the government presents a
strength subsidy of Rs 3.00 according to unit so the internet strength value to the employer is ready Rs. 5.25 – Rs. 5.30
according to unit.Till now it's far constrained to the Dyehouses. There were allegations that one wishes to oil the palm of the
worried officials to get the subsidy. The value of water is Rs. 17 according to cubic metre with none subsidy supplied with
the aid of using the government.There isn't anyt any Common Effluent Treatment Plant withinside the cluster, that is a large
venture for the industries withinside the cluster. However, the strength state of affairs is superb now with rarely any strength
cut (2-3% only).
No skilled workforce-
The requires skilled operators to operate looms, especially automatic ones. There is no qualified workforce. this was
unfortunate (the author of this document was credited with installing ISDS in a service center for electric looms in
and thus knew the truth). More than service centers are needed to strengthen the production of electric looms.
2.2.2 PRODUCT IMPORTED INTO RETAIL MARKET

The fabric marketplace of Bhiwandi has export orientated method and the most synthetic produce is sent off to different
neighboring states and within side the distant places marketplace in addition to even as a number of the goods which can be
well-known and bought in most quantity is been imported within side the marketplace such from solapur,
Kashmir,banaras,lucknow,bilwara and vapi.
2.2.3 IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL.

Special materials for knitted fabric production are imported from locations of neighborhood like silvasa, daman and Diu,
Bangalore, Kerala, Erote, Ichalkarangi, which position are creating a lot.
2.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT.
2.3.1 REDUSE OF WASTE MATERIAL FROM TEXTILE-.

Textile enterprise is the 3rd biggest waste production enterprise after plastic, paper and compost. It
is observed that 1 million tons of fabric waste is produced each year, out of which 73% of waste is
going to landfill due to the fact that there may be loss of methods to reuse the fabric and garments.
The waste from the fabric enterprise may be reuse so as to lessen the waste generated from the fabric
devices. Material such as cartoon boxes, kandi, cones, thread, clothes etc. are generated in the form
of waste that can be recycled or reused.
2.4 WATER SCARCITY.

2.4.1 INCREASING GROUND WATER TABLE-
The water crises has been there from several years, while the textile industries takes most pf the water from the
main line which creates shortage of water for the residential people living, while to cater this problems BNMC
have taken several steps to fulfil the needs of people. But still the water problems arise, in future the problem
will grow more due to the rise in the textile sector, so to overcome this problems, saving of water is must,
which can be done in the form of agriculture due to which the plants can hold the water and can increase the
ground water table, rainwater harvesting can be implemented in every textile industry, also the waters from the
neighbouring buildings or houses can be used to put into the ground as a form of boring wells, which will
increase the water table in future.

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TITLE PAGE

2.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT.

2.4 WATER SCARCITY.

• Understanding the industrial (textile) manufacturing process, management and production.

1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH

2.1.1 HOW TEXTILE STARTED.

2.1.2 TYPES OF MACHINERY.

Machines Involving Fiber/Thread/Yarn Production-

• Woolen Mill Machines - used to increase wool into yarn.

Machines Involving Textile Production-

• Knitting Machines - used to knit yarn

2.1.3 EVOLUTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY.

2.2.1 IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN-

2.2.2 PRODUCT IMPORTED INTO RETAIL MARKET

2.2.3 IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL.

2.3.1 REDUSE OF WASTE MATERIAL FROM TEXTILE-.

2.4 WATER SCARCITY.

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