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Lecture 6 Notes

The document discusses human acts and acts of man, noting that human acts require knowledge, voluntariness, and freedom to be considered moral or immoral. It also discusses modifiers that can impact the morality of an action by affecting knowledge or free will, such as ignorance, error, inattention, passion, fear, violence, and habit.

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Lyka Aceveda
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22 views

Lecture 6 Notes

The document discusses human acts and acts of man, noting that human acts require knowledge, voluntariness, and freedom to be considered moral or immoral. It also discusses modifiers that can impact the morality of an action by affecting knowledge or free will, such as ignorance, error, inattention, passion, fear, violence, and habit.

Uploaded by

Lyka Aceveda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 6 NOTES: HUMAN ACTS AND ACTS OF MAN

 Human Act- the three listed elements should be all present


o Knowledge- awareness to what we are doing
o Voluntariness- “voluntas” meaning will; it means you like what you’re doing; the mind
allows it; willed by the person
o Freedom- you are free to do the things you want to do and what you are doing; you
have the option to do it or not; presence of choices and alternatives
 If the three elements are present, then we can judge whether it is moral or immoral
 Amoral- an act of man is neutral
 Acts of man- refers to the acts of all human being; biological, acts of the senses, do not have the
moral sense, can never be judge as good or bad

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACT- degree of the morality of an action

 Modifiers- obstacles; affect a clear knowledge/free will; may increase or decrease or eliminate
moral responsibility; changes the morality
o Impairments of required knowledge
 Ignorance- lack of a required knowledge of moral duties
 Invincible (antecedent ignorance)- precedes any act and not willed by
the person; person doesn’t know
 Vincible (supine/crass)- lack of knowledge due to negligence or lack of
effort; no or little effort was made
 Affective (pretended) – pretends to be ignorant to plead innocent to a
charge or guilt
 Error- judging and acting wrongly or misguidedly due to incorrect beliefs or
opinions
 Lack of care or information
 Deficient education, bad company, fake news
o Aberratio ictus- mistake in the blow; intended injury but
accidentally damaged another
o Error in Personae- mistaken identity
o Praeter Intentionem- mistake in the intended result, injury is
greater than intended (hazing)
 Inattention- an actual privation of knowledge; may result to negligence, absence
of knowledge for quite a while
o Impairments of Free Consent
 Passion- strong compelling feeling; concupiscence; intense interest, desire,
neither good or evil, but indifferent (neutral); sudden outburst of emotion
 Love
 Desire
 Delight
 Hope
 Bravery
 Anger
 Hatred
 Sadness
 Despair
 Fear
 Horror
o Antecedent-before an action, there is this
o Consequent- comes after an action
 Fear
 Violence
 Habit

Reason- basic requirement for morality; acting morally is the same as acting rationally

Impartiality- should be based on objective criteria than on biased or improper reason

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