MULTIMETER

PC20TK

Assembling Training for

Digital Multimeter

Instruction Manual for Assembling and Operation Procedures

 Introduction
Thank you very much for purchasing Sanwa Model PC20TK Digital Multimeter Kit.
The PC20TK is a digital multimeter kit that we have developed for educational use through a wealth of
our experiences and achievements.
Although primarily designed as a kit, this product provides eight modes including voltage and current,
as well as high durability, allowing you to use it for a broad range of purposes.
In order to ensure its best performance as a finished product, you need to learn the procedures for
properly assembling, adjusting and handling the PC20TK and making measurements.
Please thoroughly read this manual and make the best use of the PC20TK.
The instruction manual should be carefully kept along with the PC20TK.

Contents
[1] Warnings for Safe Use of Multimeter
1-1 Explanation of symbols ....................................................................................................................... 1
1-2 Warning messages .............................................................................................................................. 1
[2] Using the PC20TK
2-1 Intended uses and features ................................................................................................................. 2
2-2 Names of various parts........................................................................................................................ 2
2-3 Specification ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2-4 Explanation of functions ...................................................................................................................... 4
2-5 Preparations for measurement ............................................................................................................ 5
2-6 Measuring procedure........................................................................................................................... 5
2-7 Replacing the fuse and batteries ........................................................................................................ 11
2-8 Storage and others ............................................................................................................................. 11
[3] Basic Knowledge of Digital Multimeter
3-1 Analog vs. digital ................................................................................................................................ 12
3-2 Analog multitester (AMT) vs. digital multimeter (DMM) ...................................................................... 12
3-3 Construction of digital multimeter ...................................................................................................... 13
3-4 Working of input signal conversion section ........................................................................................ 14
3-5 Working of A/D conversion section .................................................................................................... 15
[4] Assembling
4-1 Soldering............................................................................................................................................. 20
4-2 Soldering procedure ........................................................................................................................... 20
4-3 Precautionary instructions for assembling ......................................................................................... 21
4-4 Color codes and symbols of components.......................................................................................... 21
4-5 Preparations for assembling ............................................................................................................... 23
4-6 Mounting and wiring components to printed circuit board (large) ..................................................... 24
4-7 Wiring the printed circuit board (small) (Fig. 4-9) ................................................................................ 27
4-8 Attaching the connector covers to the printed circuit board (small) (Fig. 4-10) ................................. 27
4-9 Mounting the readout (LCD), the printed circuit boards, and the dial plate ....................................... 27
4-10 Assembling the rear case ................................................................................................................... 29
4-11 Assembling and operation checks ..................................................................................................... 29
4-12 Adjustments ........................................................................................................................................ 30
4-13 Layout of components on the mounting surface................................................................................ 31
4-14 Circuit diagram of the PC20TK ........................................................................................................... 32
[5] Inspection and Calibration
5-1 Calibration procedure ......................................................................................................................... 33
5-2 Error rate ............................................................................................................................................. 34
5-3 Example of completing the table for test results ................................................................................ 34
** Table for Test Results.......................................................................................................................... 35
[6] Calculation Problems for Input Circuit ................................................................................................... 37
[7] Overview of Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................... 39
[8] After-sale Service (8-1) - (8-5)..................................................................................................................... 40
[1] Warnings for Safe Use of Multimeter
(Be sure to read this section before using the multimeter.)
The instructions given in the text under Warning and Caution must be observed to prevent
burns, electric shocks and other similar accidents.

1-1 Explanation of symbols

The symbols and their meanings used on the PC20TK and the instruction manual are shown below:
: Indicates information that is particularly important for safe use.
• A warning message is given to prevent burns, electric shock and other accidents resulting in
injury or death.
• A cautionary message is given relating to any possibility of damaging this product.
: Indicates that this part is potentially dangerous because it may be charged with high voltage.

: Double insulation or reinforced insulation : Fuse : Buzzer + : Positive

: Ground : AC : Diode - : Negative
Ω : Resistance : DC : Capacitor

1-2 Warning messages

Warning
The following warning messages are given to prevent accidents resulting in injury or death owing
to burns, electric shock or other. Be sure to observe these instructions along with the ones
included in this instruction manual.
1. Do not use the PC20TK with any power line exceeding 6 kVA.
2. Be careful about voltage of 33 VAC rms (46.7 Vpeak) or 70 VDC minimum because it is
dangerous to the human body.
3. Do not input any signal exceeding the maximum rated input value.
4. Do not try to measure a line (e.g., to a motor) where induced voltage or surge voltage may
occur, because the maximum overload input value might be exceeded.
5. Do not use the PC20TK if its main body or test lead is damaged or broken.
6. Do not use the PC20TK with its case removed.
7. Do not use any substitute for a fuse or connect wire for non-electrical use.
8. During measurement, do not hold any portion of the test pin beyond the test lead.
9. Do not input voltage to the current measurement connector. Inputting voltage to that connector
will result in a short-circuit, blowing out the built-in fuse. However, this may involve a danger.
10. Do not change over to any other mode during measurement.
11. Ensure that you have selected the proper range and mode for each measurement run.
12. Use the specified type (TL-21) of test lead.
13. Do not try to make a measurement with the PC20TK or your hand being wet.
14. Use the PC20TK indoors.
15. Check the appearance and the display of each mode (range) at least once a year.

Caution
The PC20TK is not provided with an automatic power-off capability. Be sure to turn OFF the Function
switch after measurement has been finished, because the batteries will otherwise run out earlier.

Note
Prior to the assembling of the PC20TK, check the parts in accordance with paragraph (2) in "4-5
Preparations for assembling."

1
[2] Using the PC20TK
2-1 Intended uses and features
1. The PC20TK is a kit for a general-purpose digital multimeter (DMM), which has been designed for
educational uses. Once assembled, it may be used as a normal small-capacity DMM for low-
voltage measurements.
2. The PC20TK features the auto mode that automatically selects an appropriate measurement range
in accordance with the measured value. It may also be used in the manual mode (measurement
range fixed or manually selectable) that allows for faster measurements.
3. The PC20TK allows the user to measure electric capacitance of a capacitor, which is often used
with a resistor as a circuit component.
4. The current measurement connector is provided with a safety cover that prevents the user from
inserting a test lead into it by mistake.
5. If you connect the PC20TK to your PC by using the optionally available PC link (software) and PC
link cable, changes in electric quantity can be displayed as values or graphs on the PC monitor.

2-2 Names of various parts

Panel

LCD

Range Hold switch Select switch

LED
Data Hold
Function switch switch
with power switch Stand

Hole for VDC adjustment Safety cover

(DCV ADJ.) Rear case
Put the seal after mounting
adjustment. µA & mA screw
measurement
COM (-) connector connector
V, Ω, , ,
(+) measurement connector Fig. 1-1: Names of various parts

Relative value
Diode test Continuity Data hold measurement mode
RS232C mode mode check mode mode ( measurement only)
Removable Battery level
test pin When Auto mode warning
covers not covered
DC measurement
Test pin indicator
Measurement
AC measurement unit
indicator
Flange
Negative sign for
numeric data
(a) (b) (c)
Decimal point
Pin plug Grip Cord
Value displayed

Fig. 1-2: Test leads (TL-21) Fig. 1-3: Readout

2
 Operating system ∆ ∑ system
Readout 4,000 counts (with unit and symbol)
Mode selection Auto or manual; only the auto mode is available for electric capacitance.
Overflow value The O.L. mark appears (except in the 750 V range for both DC and AC)
Polarity The "-" mark appears only for negative input.
Battery level When the built-in batteries runs out, the mark appears to warn the user.
Sampling rate 3 times per second
Power supply 2 pieces of size AA manganese dry cells (1.5 V each)
Power consumption and battery life About 7 mW in a DC range; about 150 hours of continuous operation with manganese dry cells.
Built-in fuse 1 piece of 0.5 A/250 V fuse (glass tube: 6.3 mm dia. x 30 mm)
Operating temperature and humidity range 0 °C to 40 °C; 80 % RH maximum without condensation
Storage temperature and humidity range -10 °C to 50 °C; 70 % RH maximum without condensation
Dimensions and mass 158 (h) x 70 (W) x 41 (D) mm; approx. 230 grams
Accessories TL-21 test leads (1 set) and instruction manual (1 volume)
Accessories sold separately See paragraph 8-4.

2. Measurement range and accuracy

(accuracy-warranted temperature and humidity ranges: 23 °C ± 5 °C; 80 % maximum without condensation)
Mode Range Input resistance, etc. Accuracy Maximum overload protection input
400.0 mV 100 MΩ min.
4.000 V About 11 MΩ
DC
40.00 V ±(1.0 %rdg+2dgt)
voltage 1000 VDC
400.0 V About 10 MΩ
750 V 750 VAC
4.000 V About 11 MΩ ±(1.5 %rdg+9dgt) or
40.00 V peak max 1000 V
AC ±(1.5 %rdg+5dgt)
voltage 400.0 V About 10 MΩ
750 V Sinusoidal AC 40 to 400 Hz
400.0 µA
About 100 Ω
DC 4000 µA
±(1.5 %rdg+2dgt)
current 40.00 mA About 1 Ω 200 VDC or VAC;
400.0 mA (Except for fuse resistance) the 0.5 A/250 V
400.0 µA fuse blows out to
About 100 Ω
AC 4000 µA ±(2.0 %rdg+5dgt) protect the circuit.
current 40.00 mA About 1 Ω Sinusoidal AC 40 to 400 Hz
400.0 mA (Except for fuse resistance)
400.0 Ω
4.000 kΩ
40.00 kΩ ±(1.5 %rdg+5dgt)
Resistance Open-circuit voltage:
Ω 400.0 kΩ About 0.4 V
4.000 MΩ ±(1.8 %rdg+2dgt)
40.00 MΩ ±(3.0 %rdg+2dgt)
Continuity check Open-circuit voltage: About 0.4 V Sounds below the range of 10-120 Ω. 500 VDC or VAC
Diode test Open-circuit voltage: About 1.5 V or
40.00 nF peak max 700 V
±(8 %rdg+10dgt)
Electric 400.0 nF
capacitance 4.000 µF (Auto-range operation only)
40.00 µF ±(7 %rdg+6dgt)
100.0 µF
(Temperature°C) −50~300 °C (A separately sold probe is used.) ±1.5 %rdg±4.8 °C

The input time of the maximum allowable load shall be within 1 minute. Adding the load exceeding
this time limit may result in burning internal components.
About a battery at the time of the shipment. There is a case that the battery does not reach
mentioned battery life, because a battery for monitors is incorporated at the time of factory shipment.
* A battery for monitors is a battery to check a function and the performance of the product.

3
2-4 Explanation of functions
1. Overflow (O.L.) value
• The O.L. mark appears on the readout when the input value exceeds 4,000 counts in each
measurement range with the manual mode selected. It does not appear in the 750 VDC or VAC
range.
• The O.L. mark appears when the maximum measurement range exceeds 4,000 counts with the
auto mode selected. You need to note that the O.L. mark does not appear in the voltage mode.
• When the measurement connector is released, the O.L. mark appears in the Ω, , or
mode.
2. Sounding of buzzer
• The buzzer sounds momentarily when the Range Hold, Data Hold, or Select switch is pressed.
• In the mode, the buzzer sounds when a resistance value is below 10-120 Ω (which varies
individually).
3. Counts
• Regardless of the position of the decimal point, the value on the readout is represented by
"counts." (2dgt and 5dgt as shown in the column on the previous page are equivalent to 2
counts and 5 counts, respectively.)
4. Accuracy
• Accuracy as used in "2-3 Specification" is represented by the sum of certain percentage of ±
rdg (reading) against the value shown on the PC20TK (measured value) plus certain ± counts
dgt (digits).
• [Calculation example]
Now let us check the accuracy assuming that the reading was 106.6 V when certain standard
voltage (true value) was measured in the 400 VAC range of the PC20TK.
The accuracy of the 400 VAC range of the PC20TK is ± (1.5 %rdg + 5dgt).
1dgt in the 400 V range is equivalent to 0.1 V. Hence,
(±1.5 %×106.6 V) + (±0.1 V×5) = (±1.6 V) + (±0.5 V) = ±2.1 V
The true value therefore exists in the range of 106.6 V ± 2.1 V = 104.5 to 108.7 V (provided that
it falls within the accuracy-warranted temperature and humidity ranges and that for AC, it is of
sinusoidal AC within the range of 40 to 400 Hz). If the true value does not fall within these
ranges, the reading on the PC20TK deviates from the standard.
5. Sampling rate
This is the number of times when an input analog signal is converted into a digital one per
second by the analog-digital converter.
6. Low power ohm
Silicone transistors and diodes are generally brought into complete conduction at voltage of
about 0.7 V. Measurements using voltage that does not cause such conduction (0.4 V maximum
in general) are called low power ohm measurements. Low power ohm measurements allow you
to perform resistance measurements and conductivity checks in the circuit network with the
minimal effects of transistors and diodes.
7. Data holding capability (DH: Data Hold)
Pressing the Data Hold switch during measurement locks the reading on the readout regardless
of changes in input signal (the DH mark appears on the readout).
8. Range hold capability (Range Hold)
• Auto mode
The suitable range for the current input signal is automatically selected (the AUTO mark
appears on the readout).
• Manual mode
In this mode, the user should press the Range Hold switch to select the suitable range by
predicting the magnitude of input signal. The measurement range will be locked (held) and the
AUTO mark will disappear. In this state, pressing the Range Hold switch toggles between
ranges. If this switch is held down exceeding 1 second, the manual mode is canceled and the
auto mode becomes active.

4
 9. Select switch
Pressing this switch toggles the functional modes in the following order:
Functional mode Toggling order
V /
Ω / / Ω Ω
(Without symbol) REL (Without symbol) REL
400 / 4000 µA /
40 / 400 mA /
Immediately after the Function switch has been changed, the leftmost functional mode in the
right column of the above table is selected in the auto mode.
The PC20TK provides no automatic power-off capability. After finishing measurement, be
sure to turn OFF the Function switch.

2-5 Preparations for measurement

Connecting the test leads
Connect the black plug of the test lead to the COM (-) connector. Change the connection of the red
plug in accordance with the functional mode to be used, as follows:
To measure current, fully connect the red plug into the µA & mA measurement connector. To make
measurements for voltage, resistance, a diode check, and others, fully connect the plug into the V,
Ω, , , and (+) measurement connector, respectively.

2-6 Measuring procedure

When the Function switch is set to a desired functional mode, the power switch is turned ON and
the reading and others are displayed on the readout.
Immediately after the switch has been changed, any selected functional mode becomes active in
the auto mode (with the AUTO mark displayed on the upper left part of the readout). "RS232C" is
also displayed for any functional mode. This indicates that the measured values are output as
digital signals through the LED located on the rear of the PC20TK (see 9 on page 10).

The following explanation is made assuming that the auto mode is active:

When the mark appears on the upper right part of the readout, the built-in batteries have
run out. Replace the batteries.
Be sure to turn OFF the Function switch after finishing measurement. The batteries would
otherwise be consumed.

1. Measuring DC voltage - DCV (V ) (see Fig. 2-1)

This functional mode is used to measure the voltage of a battery, that in a DC circuit of a device,
or other voltage.
Warning: Be sure to measure voltage in parallel with the object under measurement (e.g.,
power source).
Warning: The O.L. mark does not appear even if overvoltage of 750 V or more is applied to
the input connector.
If voltage with reversed polarities is applied to the measurement connectors, the negative (-)
signal is displayed with the reading.
In the auto mode, the reading fluctuates when the test leads are released, but this is not a
malfunction.
(1) Set the Function switch to V / .
(2) Press the Select switch to display on the upper left part of the readout.
(3) Make the test pins contact with the object under measurement and then read the value
displayed.

5
 3

2 Battery

COM + Fig. 2-1:

Measuring DC voltage (DCV)

2. Measuring AC voltage - ACV ( V ) (see Fig. 2-2)

This functional mode is used to measure the voltage of a lamp line, the tap voltage of a small
transformer, and other sinusoidal AC voltage.
Warning: Be sure to measure voltage in parallel with the object under measurement (e.g.,
power source).
Warning: The O.L. mark does not appear even if overvoltage of 750 V or more is applied to
the input connector.
A measurement error occurs if non-sinusoidal voltage is measured, because the PC20TK
operates with the mean value.
The accuracy is warranted in the frequency range of 40-400 Hz.
At input of 0 V, a number equivalent to about 3 counts remains in the 4 VAC range, but this is
not a malfunction.
In the manual mode, the 400 mV range may be selected, but the accuracy is not warranted.

(1) Set the Function switch to V / .

(2) Press the Select switch to display on the upper left part of the readout.
(3) Make the test pins contact with the object under measurement and then read the value
displayed.
2 3

1 Socket
outlet

Fig. 2-2:
COM +
Measuring AC voltage (ACV)
3
R

Resistor r
r R
1

2 If you make a measurement while touching the test leads

with your fingers, the resistance of your body is placed in
parallel with the object under measurement (e.g., a resistor),
resulting in a measurement error.
COM +
Fig. 2-3: Measuring resistance (Ω)

6
3. Measuring resistance ( Ω ) (see Fig. 2-3)
This functional mode is used to measure the resistance of a resistor, a circuit or a circuit
component.
Warning: Measuring any live part is not possible and such an attempt is dangerous.
An error will result if you make a measurement while touching the test pins.
The O.L. mark appears with nothing connected to the test pins.
The open-circuit voltage of the measurement connector is 0.4 V. Therefore, neither diodes nor
transistors can be checked.

(1) Set the Function switch to Ω / / .

(2) Press the Select switch to display MΩ on the upper right part of the readout.
(3) Make the test pins contact with the object under measurement and then read the value
displayed.

4. Diode ( ) test (see Fig. 2-4)

This functional mode is used to determine whether the p-n junction of a single diode or
transistor is acceptable.
Warning: Making a test with voltage applied to the diode or transistor under measurement is
not possible and such an attempt is dangerous.
Positive voltage is output at the measurement connector and the open-circuit voltage 1.1 to
1.5 V (the LCD shows RS232C OL V when the measurement connector is released).
Voltage drop in the forward direction of the diode becomes a measured value of 0.2 to 0.5 V,
which is almost constant for each diode type. For voltage drop in the reverse direction, the O.L.
mark appears.
No LED can be tested.
(1) Set the Function key to Ω / / .
(2) Press the Select switch to display on the upper part of the readout.
(3) For measurements in the forward direction, make the black test pin contact with the cathode
(K) of the diode and make the red one contact with the anode (A) and then read the value
displayed.

2 3 Anode Cathode
2

Cathode Forward
mark direction

1 1
3
Reverse
Diode direction

COM + COM +

Fig. 2-4: Diode ( ) test Fig. 2-5: Continuity ( ) test

7
 5. Continuity test ( ) test (see Fig. 2-5)
This functional mode is used to check electrical continuity of wiring, a switch or other.
Warning: Checking any live part for continuity is not possible and such an attempt is
dangerous.
The buzzer sounds when the resistance at the check point is approximately below the range of
10-60 Ω. If the resistance exceeds the operating range of the buzzer, the buzzer does not
sound. If this is the case, use the resistance mode to measure the resistance and determine
whether the object under measurement has no continuity (i.e., whether the wire is broken).
The reading shows the resistance at the check point.
The open-circuit voltage of the connector is approximately 0.4 V.
(1) Set the Function key to Ω / / .
(2) Press the Select switch to display on the upper part of the readout.
(3) Make the test pines contact with the object under measurement and check for continuity
based on whether the buzzer sounds and the reading (400 Ω maximum).

6. Measuring electric capacitance ( ) (see Fig. 2-6)

This functional mode is mainly used to measure the electric capacitance of a capacitor.
Warning: For safety, ensure that the electric charge in the capacitor is discharged prior to
measurement.
The electric capacitance ( ) measurement function is only available in the auto mode.
The measurement time becomes longer for larger electric capacitance.
(e.g.) 2 to 4 seconds for 10 µF and 13 to 16 seconds for 100 µF
(1) Set the function switch to .
(2) Press the Select switch to display 00.00 nF ("REL" appears on the upper right part of the
readout).
(3) Make the test pins contact with the lead wires of the capacitor. After the reading becomes
stable, read the measured value.

Caution: To measure a capacitor with polarities (positive and negative), connect the red test
pin (positive measurement terminal) to the positive side of the capacitor.

Capacitor
3

COM +

Fig. 2-6: Measuring electric capacitance ( )

8
7. Measuring DC current: DC µA and DC mA ( µA and mA ) (see Fig. 2-7)
This functional mode is used to measure the DC current of a power circuit or other.
Warning: Be sure to measure current in series with the load. An attempt to measure current
in parallel with the load is dangerous as large current would flow through the
PC20TK.
If a current range is connected, its internal resistance may cause a smaller current value than
the actual one to be displayed.
Turn the safety cover counterclockwise and use the µA & mA measurement connector (with a
0.5 A/250 V fuse).
(1) Set the function switch to 400-4000 µA or 40-400 mA.
(2) Press the Select switch to display on the left part of the readout.
(3) Connect the test pins to the object under measurement and then read the value displayed.

2 Resistor

100Ω
Battery

COM µA & mA

Fig. 2-7: Measuring DC current (DC µA-mA)

8. Measuring AC current: AC µA and AC mA ( µA and mA ) (see Fig. 2-8)

This functional mode is used to measure sinusoidal AC current in a small transformer circuit or
other.
Warning: Be sure to measure current in series with the load. An attempt to measure current
in parallel with the load is dangerous as large current would flow through.
An error occurs if any current with non-sinusoidal waves is measured.
The accuracy is warranted within the frequency range of 40-400 Hz.
Turn the safety cover counterclockwise and use the µA & mA measurement connector (with a
0.5 A/250 V fuse).
(1) Set the function switch to 400-4000 µA or 40-400 mA.
(2) Press the Select switch to display on the left part of the readout.
(3) Connect the test pins to the object under measurement and then read the value displayed.

3
Transformer

2 Load

COM µA & mA

Fig. 2-8: Measuring AC current (AC µA-mA)

9
 9. Connecting to PC: PC Link
As one of the features of the PC20TK, the PC20TK may be connected to your PC using the
KB-RS1 PC connection cable (sold separately) and software called PC Link (sold separately) to
upload the data output from the PC20TK to the PC and then display the data on the monitor,
print or save it.
The data may be continuously uploaded for long hours and processed.
* Fig. 2-9 shows an example of acquired data that is displayed in a window.

Fig. 2-9: An example of data displayed

* Connecting procedure
(1) Open the stand located on the rear of the PC20TK.
(2) Attach the cable box to the rear case of the PC20TK by using the screw provided with the
cable box.
(3) Connect the cable connector to the PC.
(4) In using the PC20TK, prop it against the stand.

Cable box
1

Screw hole Infrared 4

LED light

Fig. 2-10: Connecting procedure

* Infrared LED light

The digital signals output from the PC20TK is converted into infrared signals through the LED
light (D4 in the circuit diagram), which are then sent to the PC through the light receiving element
in the cable box and the cable.

For using PC Link, refer to the instruction manual for PC Link, which is sold separately.
PC Link is Sanwa's original software product.

10
2-7 Replacing the fuse and batteries

Warning
1. In order to prevent electric shock, be sure to separate the test pins from the object under
measurement before removing the rear case, and then turn OFF the Function switch on the
PC20TK.
2. Do not remove the rear case except when performing the assembling procedures described in
the instruction manual or replacing the fuse or batteries.

Warning
To replace the fuse and batteries, be sure to use the specified rated products.
• Rating of fuse: 0.5 A/250 V, 6.3 mm dia. x 30 mm (in glass tube)
• Rating of battery: R6 (AA size) manganese dry cell; 1.5 V x 2 pieces

(1) Disconnect the test leads from the Stand Dry Cell (R6)
PC20TK and tur n OFF the Function
switch.
Rear case
(2) Open the stand, loosen the rear case mounting screw
securing screw and then remove the rear M3 × 22

case.
(3) Replace the fuse or batteries.
(4) Attach the rear case back in place and
Fuse
secure it with the screw. Ø 6.3 × 30 mm
0.5 A / 250 V
Reference: Checking the fuse for continuity
(1) Remove only the fuse from the PC20TK.
Front case
(2) Attach the rear case to the PC20TK and
set the Function switch to . Fig. 2-11:
(3) Check the removed fuse for electrical To replace the fuse and batteries
continuity.

Note: Ensure that both of the batteries are replaced with new ones. Properly place the new
batteries with their polarities conforming to the ones engraved inside the rear case.

2-8 Storage and others

In using the PC20TK, be sure to observe the following instructions:
(1) Do not store the PC20TK in a place exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature (50 °C or
higher), or high humidity (70 % RH or higher).
(2) Avoid using the PC20TK in a place exposed to high or low temperature or high humidity.
(3) If the PC20TK is not used for a long period of time, store it with the built-in batteries removed.
(4) The PC20TK is neither dust-proof nor drip-proof.
(5) The panel, the rear case and others are made of plastics. Therefore, do not place them near
any volatile solvent or heat source.
(6) Lightly wipe off dust and other foreign matter on the external surface of the PC20TK by using
soft cloth.
(7) The readout (LCD) is made of glass. Do not give a strong impact to it, e.g., by dropping the
PC20TK.

11
[3] Basic Knowledge of Digital Multimeter
3-1 Analog vs. digital
Quantities are roughly classified into analog quantities and digital ones. Analog quantities represent
quantities having continuous intensity, such as time, length, weight, electric voltage and current.
Digital quantities mean quantities having discontinuous intensity, such as 1, 2 and 3 counted for
things. Visually, the former is liken to a slide, while the latter is liken to a flight of stairs. Digital
display seems to be rough at a perceptional level, but the use of the present advanced electronic
and digital technologies allows for measuring quantities at high accuracy because digital signals
have an advantage in that noises, if included, can be easily eliminated to minimize the deterioration
of signals.

3-2 Analog multitester (AMT) vs. digital multimeter (DMM)

With an analog multitester, you can accurately measure voltage or other up to a level of only 1/100
(3 digits) of the full-scale value. In addition, the reading differs depending upon individual users. In
contrast, a digital multimeter displays the measured value in numerals, allowing the user to
correctly read the displayed value to the full digits. Unlike an analog multitester, a digital multimeter
does not require the user to make a troublesome conversion of the reading (e.g., by multiplying it
by 10 or 1/10), but allows the user to simply use the reading as it is with the corresponding unit. A
digital multimeter provides other useful capabilities such as holding data, displaying the negative
sign, and warning an input overflow. When popular models are compared between analog
multitesters and digital multimeters, there are no differences in size and price. The following table
compares the rough specifications of popular models between analog multitesters and digital
multimeters.

Digital multimeter Analog multitester Analog multitester

Electronic construction Mechanical construction

using an A/D conversion using a magnet, a moving
Construction of
LSI, an LCD, etc. coil, etc.
readout
(a numeric value is (the pointer indicates a
displayed on the readout) reading on the scale).

Main DCV, ACV, DCA, ACA, Ω, DCV, ACV, DCA, Ω, dB,

measurements , hEF, BT, ( )

In general, operations are

manually performed. The Digital multimeter
The auto mode is
Mode selection decimal point, a unit, a
selectable. The decimal
and other polarity and others are
point, a unit, and a polarity
operations determined by the user
can be displayed.
when he reads what the
pointer indicates.
A reading error occurs from
In principle, there is no
Reading error parallax and personal
reading error.
Accuracy differences.
High
Slightly low
Input resistance High Varies depending on the Fig. 3-1
in the voltage (about 10 MΩ regardless of range selected
mode the range selected) (2 k-10 MΩ)

12
3-3 Construction of digital multimeter

Now let us see how a digital multimeter converts an analog quantity into a digital one (A/D
conversion) to display a numeric value.
The circuits of a digital multimeter are roughly divided into five blocks of an input signal conversion
section, an A/D conversion section, a logic circuit, and a readout.

Measured quantity
DCV
DCA
ACV Input signal A/D
conversion conversion Logic circuit Readout
ACA section section
Ω
DC voltage Digital output
(analog quantity)

Fig. 3-2: Block diagram of digital multimeter

A digital multimeter generally allows for measuring 5 kinds of electric quantities: DC voltage (DCV),
AC voltage (ACV), DC current (DCA), AC current (ACA), and resistance (Ω). The PC20TK also
allows for performing a diode test ( ) and measuring electric capacitance ( ). Each kind of
electric quantities (input signals) is selected using the Function switch, all converted into DC
voltage signals of less than several 100 mV through a voltage divider, an electric shunt, an AC/DC
converter (rectifier), or the like, and then added to the input connector of the analog-digital
converter.

All is converted into

DC voltage (analog
quantities)
DC voltage (DCV)
Voltage
AC voltage divider
(ACV) AC/DC
conversion
To A/D conversion
section
Input DC current (DCA)

Electric I/V conversion

shunt
AC/DC
AC current conversion
(ACA)
R/V
Resistance (Ω) conversion
Comparator

Fig. 3-3: Input signal conversion section

Further information on each item will be given below:

13
3-4 Working of input signal conversion section
The following typical example is assumed to explain how each input signal is processed to obtain
DC voltage that will be applied to the A/D conversion section.

1. DC voltage (DCV)
For measurements of DV voltage, the user selects
the most suitable range in accordance with the
voltage level to be measured. A voltage divider is
used to provide different ranges and this circuit is
also known as an attenuator. As shown in Figs.
3-4 and 3-5, resistors are connected in series to
divide input voltage Vi into smaller voltage using
the resistors. SW stands for a selector switch that The output voltage is
divided according to the
is used to select the most suitable range. ratio of resistors.

Fig. 3-4: Dividing voltage with resistors

Voltage divider

Readout
(Input)
DC voltage A/D
(DCV) conversion
section

Fig. 3-5: Measuring circuit for DC voltage (DCV)

2. AC voltage (ACV)
For measurements of AC voltage, the input voltage is divided with the voltage divider as shown
in Fig. 3-6 and then AC voltage (ACV) is converted into DC voltage (DCV) with a rectification
circuit.
Voltage divider

Readout
(Input)
AC voltage AC/DC A/D
(ACV) conversion conversion
(rectification circuit) section

Fig. 3-6: Measuring circuit for AC voltage (ACV)

3. DC current (DCA) and AC current (ACA)

When current flows through a resistor, voltage drop occurs in proportion to that current. This
means that current has been converted into voltage (current/voltage conversion). For
measurements of current, such voltage is used. Fig. 3-7 shows an example of a DC current
measuring circuit, which uses several resistors of accurate values (electric shunt) so as to enable
the user to select the most suitable range in accordance with the current to be measured. For
measurements of AC current, a rectification circuit is added following the electric shunt, to
convert AC voltage into DC voltage.

14
 Electric shunt

Readout

(Input)
DC current
(DCA)
A/D
conversion
section

Fig. 3-7: Measuring circuit for DC current (DC µA & mA)

4. Resistance ( Ω )
For measurements of resistance, a resistor/
voltage conversion (R/V conversion) circuit is
used to convert into DC voltage in proportion to Constant current Is
the resistance value. As a typical example among
several conversion methods available, the method
Rx is obtained using
shown in Fig. 3-9 is explained because it is easily Unknown Voltage drop this formula:
resistor RX VRX
understandable. As shown in Fig. 3-8, accurate Rx = VRX
Is
constant current Is is sent to unknown resistor Rx
and then DC voltage is obtained indirectly from
voltage drop VRX that occurs in proportion to the
resistance value of that resistor. Fig. 3-9 shows an
example of a resistance measuring circuit that Fig. 3-8: Principle of resistance measurements
applies the above voltage drop. (constant current method)

(Input)
unknown resistor

A/D
conversion Readout
section

OP
amplifier ES = V RX RS • VRX
− − = IS RX =−=
RS RX ES

Fig. 3-9: Resistance ( Ω ) measuring circuit

3-5 Working of A/D conversion section

The A/D conversion section converts DC voltage (analog quantity) that has been input from the
input signal conversion section into a pulse number (digital quantity) in proportion to the intensity of
that voltage. The available A/D conversion methods include the integration, comparison, and ∆ ∑
methods. The PC20TK uses the ∆ ∑ method. In this paragraph, however, the double integration
method is explained because it is used for a large number of digital multimeters and theoretically
easier to understand.

1. Operation of each section of double integration circuit

• Integration circuit
This circuit consists of a resistors, a capacitor and an OP amplifier. It outputs a voltage value in
proportion to the product obtained by multiplying the intensity of signal (DC voltage) applied to
the input connector by time (Vo= 1/CR • Vi • T1).

15
 t1 t2
T1
Output voltage
Vo

Input voltage Input

Vi voltage Output voltage Vo
OP
T1 Vi amplifier
t1 t2 The slope of the line for Vo
becomes larger as Vi increases.

Fig. 3-10: Integration circuit

• Comparator (0-detector)
The comparator has an inverting input terminal (negative) and a non-inverting input terminal
(positive). If the former has higher electric potential than the latter, the output decreases nearly
to negative electric potential of the power source (L). In the opposite case, the output
decreases nearly to positive electric potential of the power source (H). In the case shown in Fig.
3-11, the non-inverting input terminal (positive) is at 0 electric potential (grounded). Therefore,
when the inverting input terminal (negative) has positive electric potential (voltage), even if only
slightly, the output becomes L. When the inverting input terminal has negative electric
potential, the output becomes H.

Input Output
Vi Vo

Fig. 3-11: Comparator

• AND gate
When a digital signal H (high electric potential) is simultaneously applied to two input terminals
a and b, the output becomes H. If either of the two input terminals is H and the other input
terminal is L or if both terminals are L, then the output becomes L.

Input Output

Fig. 3-12: AND gate circuit

• Control circuit
This circuit consists of a logic circuit and outputs various kinds of control signals in response to
input signals.
• Counter
This is a digital counter that measures the number of pulses (clock pulses) that have been
received at accurate frequency from the pulse generator.
• Readout
For a digital multimeter, a LCD readout is used to enable efficient reading of the measured
value.

16
2. Principle of double integration circuit
Vi : Input voltage under measurement
T1 : Integration period (constant)
Vref : Reference voltage (constant)
T2 : Reverse integration period
Given the above conditions, the output voltage of the integration circuit is 0 V at the end point of
reverse integration (point t3 in Fig. 3-15). Hence,
1 1
— • Vi • T 1 + — • ( − Vref ) • T 2 = 0
CR CR
When this equation is transformed into:
T2
Vi = — • Vref
T1

Vref and T1 are constants with known values.

This means that when T2 is found, Vi can be calculated.
T2 is measured as a pulse number by the counter by converting it into the pulse number.
Since T2 has a proportional relationship with Vi, it is finally displayed as the measured input.
This concept may be simplified, for example, as shown in the following Fig. 3-13:

10,000
signals

Fig. 3-13: Signal changes

17
 3. Comprehensive operation of double integration circuit
Figs. 3-14 and 3-15 are diagrams showing the operations of double integration. The PC20TK
uses one (single-chip) LSI that incorporates a circuit equivalent to the whole circuit identified by
enclosing it with dotted lines on the left side, although the components are different between the
two.

(1) First the counter and the integration circuit are reset to the zero state.
(2) The switching signal from the control circuit changes the input selection switch to the input
signal position (SW1).
(3) With the input signal of DC voltage with a positive polarity, the integration circuit starts
integration (charging) with t1. With the output side being negative, the integration capacitor
is charged. Therefore, the comparator has 0 electric potential at its positive input terminal
and negative electric potential (voltage) at its negative input terminal. Thus, the output
becomes positive electric potential.
(4) The counter measures the specified number of clock pulses from the pulse generator (for
constant time: t1-t2), and then returns to zero and simultaneously outputs the point t2
detection signal. The measured value at this time is not displayed because of the working of
the latch circuit. The time between points t1 and t2 is set to a constant value regardless of
the input signal. The voltage to be integrated therefore becomes a value that is in proportion
to the input signal.
(5) With the point t2 detection signal from the counter, the control circuit changes the input
selection switch to the reference voltage position.
(6) Since reference voltage with a negative polarity is applied, the integration circuit performs
reverse integration (discharging) at a constant rate. The output voltage (electric potential)
increases, changing from a negative value to a positive one at point t3. As illustrated, the
time between points t2 and t3 is in proportion to the input signal.
* Since two operations, integration and reverse integration, are performed, this is called
double integration.
(7) The comparator changes its output from a positive value to a negative one when the input
voltage from the integration circuit becomes positive. At the moment when the comparator's
output changes from a positive value to a negative one (point t3), the voltage 0 detection
signal is sent to the control circuit.
(8) The control circuit continues to output the gate opening signal to terminal a of the gate
during the period between points t2 and t3.
(9) The gate allows clock pulses applied to terminal b to pass through so far as the above
signal is output (between points t2 and t3). The number of pulses that pass through the gate
is in proportion to the time between points t2 and t3 and therefore in proportion to the input
signals. This means that the input signals have been converted into digital signals.
(10) The counter measures pulses in proportion to the input signals that have passed through the
gate.
(11) With the latch signal that is output from the controller immediately after the 0-signal
detection signal, the latch circuit temporarily retains the data measured by the counter until
the next new measurement data is received.
(12) The controller outputs the reset signal following the latch signal to reset the counter and the
integration circuit (to zeros). It simultaneously changes the input switch to the input signal
position.
(13) The data, functional mode, unit symbol, decimal point, input overflow signal and others,
which are stored in the latch circuit, are added to the readout, which then displays a value
for the original input analog signal (V, A, Ω, , etc.) rather than the input signal converted
into DC voltage.
(14) The same sequence is repeated again from the beginning. The number of times when this
repetition is made per second is called a sampling rate. The PC20TK does not use the
double integration method, but its sampling rate is 3 times per second.

18
 Output voltage
Point A Vo of integration
circuit
Integration circuit

Input selection
switch
Comparator
Input
voltage
Vi

Controls turning
ON/OFF SW1 and Reset signal
SW2

Switch selection signal

t3 detection signal
Reference Control circuit
voltage Vref Gate opening signal

Gate Reset
signal t2 detection signal
Latch signal
Clock pulse Counter Latch/decoder
Count signal

Double integration type A/D converter Readout

Fig. 3-14: Diagram showing the operation of double integration

Input voltage
Clock pulse

Input voltage Gate opening

of integration time
circuit

Integration
period Reverse integration period

Output voltage When input

of integration voltage is V
circuit
Number of
pulses that pass
through the gate

When input
voltage is V'
Output voltage
of comparator

0-voltage detection signal is generated

Latch signal is generated
Reset signal is generated
(Controller)

Fig. 3-15: Timing chart for double integration

19
[4] Assembling
4-1 Soldering
Soldering is important work in assembling the multimeter. Incomplete soldering of parts can cause
a problem by causing the multimeter to fail to operate or malfunction during use. Solder is alloy
with a low melting point, which uses lead and tin as main ingredients to electrically and
mechanically connect metal to metal (a component to a component). Solder wire is solder alloy
formed into wire, which includes flux to ensure and facilitate successful soldering. Flux reduces and
removes oxides on the metal surface to be soldered and improves the affinity between solder and
metal. Precautionary instructions on the soldering work are given below:

1. Remove foreign matter and rust on the surface of the metal to be soldered, by using cloth or
abrasive paper.
2. Control the temperature of the soldering iron.
Use the following criteria to determine whether the temperature of the tip is appropriate:
• Too high temperature: The tip is blackened with oxidization in several minutes and cannot be
coated with solder.
• Too low temperature: Solder melts too slowly and the soldering tip becomes sharp-pointed or
dull-colored.
To control the temperature of a soldering iron that has no automatic temperature control, use a
voltage regulator or change the length of the exposed tip of the soldering iron. In controlling the
temperature with the length of the tip, longer length of the exposed portion decreases the
temperature, while shorter one increases the temperature.
3. If the tip of a soldering iron is dirty or coated with excessive solder, soldering cannot be
performed properly. Use wet cloth or the like to wipe off foreign matter and then carry out
soldering.
4. If the tip is difficult to coat with solder, apply preliminary solder to the tip to ensure efficient
soldering.

Memo: Soldering is work that is done to joint metal to metal by applying solder to the part to be
soldered. Hold the soldering iron tip on the metal surface, wait for the temperature of
the surface to become high enough to melt solder, and then apply solder. This will result
in successful soldering. In other words, feed solder a little later than making the
soldering iron tip contact with the metal surface.

4-2 Soldering procedure

Successful soldering results in forming a crest with a glossy surface.
1. Component with lead wire
1 Soldering
2 3 4 5
iron tip
Lead wire

Substrate

Component

Heat Melt solder by 2-3 Separate solder Wait for solder Separate the
mm in length to spread soldering iron tip
1 second 1 second

Fig. 4-1

20
 2. Chip component

1 2 3 4 1 Apply a small amount of

preliminary solder to one
Solder end of land.
Solder
2 Amount a component and
press it with your fingers.
Solder 3 Melt the preliminary solder
with the soldering iron tip to
solder the component.
Solder 4 Solder the other end by
applying the soldering iron
tip and solder.
0.5 second 0.5 second 0.5 second
Fig. 4-2

4-3 Precautionary instructions for assembling

1. For an LSI, avoid touching any of its pins, wherever possible, because it might be damaged
electrostatically. In particular, care must be taken in the winter season when static electricity is
more likely to be generated under the dry condition.
2. In the 750 VDC or VAC range or the 40 MΩ range, the circuit resistance is so high that a leak
might take place. Avoid touching the surface of a printed circuit board with a bare hand,
wherever possible. Prior to work, be sure to wash your hands and dry them.
3. A printed circuit board is of through holes. If any incorrectly mounted component is removed by
pulling it with excessive force, the continuity between the top and the bottom is broken.
4. If solder is not successfully absorbed with a solder absorber, apply additional solder to that part
and then try to absorb the increased solder.

Memo: The time required to hold the soldering iron tip on the part to be soldered varies
depending upon the size of the component to be mounted. Use the time values shown
in Figs. 4-1 and 4-2 for reference only.

4-4 Color codes and symbols of components

1. Identifying a resistor
[Example of identifying a precision resistor: 500 kΩ F] [Example of identifying a consumer resistor: 500 kΩ J]
5 0 0 k ±1 % ±100 ppm/°c (±0.01 %/°c) 5 0 0k ±5 %
5 0 0 103 ±1 % 5 0 104 ±5 %
Green Black Black Orange Brown (Orange) Temperature characteristics Green Black Yellow Gold
(The 6th color band may
sometimes be omitted.)

1st color band 4th color band

1st color band 2nd color band 3rd color band 4th color band 5th color band
Color 1st numeral Tolerance
1st numeral 2nd numeral 3rd numeral Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 100 −
Brown 1 101 ±1 %
2nd color band 3rd color band
Red 2 102 ±2 %
2nd numeral Multiplier
Orange 3 10 3
−
Yellow 4 104 −
Green 5 105 ±0.5 %
Symbols showing tolerance
Blue 6 106 ±0.25 % B : ±0.1 % C : ±0.25 % D : ±0.5 %
Purple 7 107 ±0.1 % F : ±1 % G : ±2 % J : ±5 %
Gray 8 108 −
White 9 109 −
K : ±10 % M : ±20 %
Gold 10-1 ±5 %
Silver 10-2 ±10 % Fig. 4-3(a): Example of identification of resistor

21
 [Example of identifying square chips: 22 kΩ]

1st numeral 2nd numeral 3rd numeral Multiplier 1st numeral 2nd numeral Multiplier

Fig. 4-3(b): Example of identifying resistors

2. Example of identifying capacitors (some capacitors have no identification)

Rated voltage symbol Rated voltage symbol

1st numeral 1st numeral
2nd numeral 2nd numeral
Multiplier Multiplier

Tolerance symbol Positive polarity

K : ±10 % mark

1×10(1+4) p F = 1×105 p F 1×10(1+6) p F = 1×107 p F

0.1 µF (50 V) ±10 % 10 µF (6.3 V)

Fig. 4-4: Example of identifying capacitors

* Symbols showing rated voltage

Symbol G J A C D H
Rated voltage 4V 6.3 V 10 V 16 V 20 V 50 V

3. Identifying other components

(Cathode mark) (Mark showing the 1st pin)

Fig. 4-5:
Example of identifying
Diode IC other components

4. Units
Auxiliary units used for capacitors 1 F = 106 µF = 1000000 µF
1 µF = 103 nF = 1000 nF
1 nF = 103 pF = 1000 pF

Auxiliary units used for resistors 1 MΩ = 103 kΩ = 1000 kΩ

1 kΩ = 1000 Ω
1 mΩ = 10-3 Ω = 0.001 Ω

22
4-5 Preparations for assembling
1. Tools (supply the tools shown in the following tables)

Check Name Remarks Check Name Remarks

Soldering iron 15 to 20 W Phillips screwdriver Medium size
Tweezers Small size Slotted head screwdriver for
adjustment use: small size
Nipper Small size
(Blade: 2-2.2 mm in width and 0.4
mm max. in thickness)

2. Checking components
(Check the kinds and quantities of components by referring to the component names shown in
Fig. 4-6 on page 24 through Fig. 4-19 on page 30.)

1 Instruction manual for assembling (1)

2 A set of components with a paper board (1)
3 Test leads (1 set of red and black ones)
Check that each component is mounted on the corresponding name shown on the board.
Each 2 pieces of spark gaps, fuse folders and battery terminals are supplied.

Remove the temporarily assembled panel and rear case and also remove the batteries placed
in the rear case. Remove the printed circuit board (small) that is temporarily attached to the
panel with screws (M3 x 8). Store the removed screws (M3 x 8), which will be used in the
process described in 4-9. Remove the printed circuit board (large) by extending its pawls.

4 Components mounted on paper board 5 Component in bag

(temporarily assembled components)

Check Reference
drawing Name of component Q'ty Check Reference
drawing Name of component Q'ty
Printed circuit board Fig. 4-16 Warning label 1
Fig. 4-10 (small) with 1 Dial A (translucent,
measurement connector Fig. 4-16 1
purple-colored)
Printed circuit board (large) Fig. 4-16 Round rubber foot 2
Fig. 4-6 1
with circuit components
Fig. 4-15 Safety cover 1
Fig. 4-8 Battery pad 1
2 red ones
Fig. 4-12 Zebra-striped connector 1 Fig. 4-10 Connector cover
1 black one
Fig. 4-11 Readout (LCD) 1 Fig. 4-7 Buzzer 1
Fig. 4-12 Rubber switch 1 Fig. 4-18 Screw M3 x 22 1
Fig. 4-15 Dial 1 Fig. 4-15 Screw M2 x 8 1
Oval seal (1 piece
Fig. 4-19 2
for spare)
Fig. 4-14 Banding Band 3

6 Panel (Fig. 4-11) and components mounted on the panel

Switch knob
Brush mount (2 pieces of 2P brushes and 1 piece of 4P brush)
Spring arm (with coil spring)

7 Rear case (Fig. 4-16) and mounted components

Dry cell (Fig. 4-17): 2 pieces of R6 type in a pack are temporarily placed.
Stand (Fig. 4-18)
Rectangular rubber foot (Fig. 4-16)

23
4-6 Mounting and wiring components to printed circuit board (large)
1. Mounting components to the component mounted surface: 1 through 3
Be sure to check the polarities of the diode and then solder it.

Check Order Name of component

1 Y : Quartz oscillator
2 D5 : Diode After soldering, cut
off the lead wire of
3 R17 : Resistor: 1 MΩ (square chip)
the quartz oscillator
with a nipper.

Preliminary solder (see Fig. 4-2)

To solder R17 or D5:
(1) Apply preliminary solder to one end of land.
(2) Position the component on the land and hold it with tweezers.
(3) Make a soldering iron tip contact with the land to which preliminary solder has been
applied, thereby melting the applied preliminary solder to solder the component (the
component will be secured).
(4) Solder the other end of land (terminal) by making the soldering iron tip contact with the
other end of land (terminal) together with solder.

Insert the lead wires of

the quartz oscillator into
the holes of the printed
circuit board, push the
oscillator down to the
left, and attach it by
soldering.
A/D converter
Printed circuit board (mounted)
(large)
1 Y : Quartz oscillator

Solder the distal end of

the case to fix the
quartz oscillator.
Take care to ensure
that no short-circuit
occurs during 2 D5 : Diode
soldering.
Be careful about
the polarities of
the diode.

3 R17 : 1 MΩ
(Square chip)

Fig. 4-6

24
2. Mounting components on silk-screen printed surface (part 1): 4 through 8
• Insert the lead wires of each component into the specified holes in the printed circuit board
and then solder them on the opposite mounted surface.
• Be sure to check the polarities of the buzzer.
No components other than the buzzer have polarities.

Check Order Name of component

4 BZ : Buzzer
5 R24 : Resistor: 1 Ω
6 R36 : Resistor: 10 MΩ (with lead wire) After soldering, cut
off the protruding
7 GAP1 : Spark gap
lead wire with a
8 R19 : Thermistor (PTC) nipper.

BZ : Buzzer

Be careful about 4
polarities (mark
on positive side)

R36 : 10 MΩ 6 5 R24 : 1 Ω

D4 mounted

Spark gap
(Irrelevant of polarity)

GAP1 : 7

R19 : 8
Thermistor

Fig. 4-7: (Part 1)

25
 3. Mounting components to silk-screen printed surface (part 2): 9 through 17
• Solder the battery terminals, the fuse folders and the lead wire on the opposite side.
• Insert the two fuse folders into the printed circuit board with attention to their polarities (the
stoppers are positioned mutually outward).
• To solder the fuse folders, previously insert them into the circuit board and attach the fuse to
them. This will facilitate your soldering work.

Check Order Name of component

9 Battery terminal (2 pieces)
10 Fuse folder (2 pieces)
11 F : Fuse: 0.5 A/250 V
12 V : Lead wire: black, 70 mm
13 W : Lead wire: black, 70 mm
14 B : Lead wire: black, 70 mm
15 A : Lead wire: red, 43 mm
16 COM : Lead wire: red, 85 mm
17 Battery pad

9 Battery terminal

stand it vertically
against the circuit
board and then
17 Battery pad solder it.
(sponge of 55 x 30 mm)
Remove the backing
sheet and then attach
the pad.

12 16 COM : Lead wire:

V : Lead wire: black, 70 mm red, 85 mm

13 W : Lead wire:
black, 70 mm

F : Fuse 11 14 B : Lead wire:

black, 70 mm

Fuse folder 10 [Stopper]

15 A : Lead wire: red, 43 mm

Fig. 4-8: (Part 2)

26
4-7 Wiring the printed circuit board (small) (Fig. 4-9)
Insert the lead wires from the printed circuit board (large) complete with the components soldered
into the land holes marked with the corresponding symbols of the printed circuit board (small), and
then solder them (3 places of A, B and COM).

4-8 Attaching the connector covers to the printed circuit board (small) (Fig. 4-10)
• Press one black connector cover over the COM
measurement connector until its flange makes
contact with the printed circuit board.
• Similarly press two red connector covers.

Black
Red

Red
connector cover

Ensure that the

slot is oriented
as illustrated. Printed circuit board
(large)

Printed circuit board A B Printed circuit board

(small)
(small)
Measurement connector COM
(soldered in 3 places)

Fig. 4-10: Attaching the connector covers Fig. 4-9: Wiring the printed circuit board (small)

4-9 Mounting the readout (LCD), the printed circuit boards, and the dial plate
Fig. 4-11
1 Remove the protective transparent film attached to the LCD surface (do not remove the white
film on the rear).
2 Fit the LCD at an angle of about 30 degrees into the area surrounded by the LCD securing pawls
located inside the panel.
3 Once the lower part of the LCD is fit to the pawls, lower the upper part (stepped) to place it
horizontally on the panel.
Caution: The LCD may be broken if excessive force is applied, because it is made of glass.
If the LCD is difficult to mount, hold it with your fingers from its top and bottom
and then slowly snap it into place (see the right illustration).

Bottom (do not

remove the while film)

Stepped side
LCD

1 Remove the
transparent protective
film 2
3

Panel
LCD securing
pawl
Fig. 4-11: Mounting the LCD

27
 Fig. 4-12 Conductive surface
(same as on the
4 Mount the zebra-striped connector onto the opposite side)
stepped part of the LCD that is fit into the Rubber switch
Zebra-striped
panel. connector

Caution:
During work, ensure that no foreign matter
attaches to the conductive surface.
5 Mount the rubber switch onto the panel.

Fig. 4-13
6 Fully insert the leading end of the printed Fig. 4-12
circuit board (large) at an angle of about 45
degrees into the area surrounded by four Leading end of printed
9 Screw of 3 x 8 Printed circuit circuit board (large)
circuit-board securing pawls on the panel. board (large)
7 Press the printed circuit board (large) down to
the panel while strongly pressing it toward its Printed circuit
leading end. board (small)
8 Align three notches of the printed circuit board
(large) with three pawls of the panel and then
Pawl for securing
snap the printed circuit board into the panel 6 the printed circuit
board
(ensure that the three notches have properly
engaged with the lower parts of the pawls). Connector
9 Attach the printed circuit board (small) to the cover
Pawl
panel by using screws of M3 x 8.
Caution: Pawl

• Tighten the screws while adjusting the Front case

position of the printed circuit board Pawl Pawl for

6 securing the
(small) so that three connector covers do printed circuit
Printed circuit Engage board on panel
not deviate from the centers of their board (large)
corresponding holes in the panel as 7
viewed from the surface side of the panel. Press
•Particularly note that excessively
tightening the screws would damage their Fig. 4-13 Zebra-striped connector
threads.
10
Fig. 4-14
10 After attaching circuit board to the front case,
fasten 3 points of the cables.
11 Fasten 3 points of the cables.
( ① V, B and COM cable, ② V and W, ③ B,
COM and W)
*Refer page 26 11
Caution: ②
Bind cables as close as possible to their roots, ①
and cut extras.
③
Fig. 4-15 Fig. 4-14
12 Remove the backing sheet on the bottom of
the dial and then attach the dial to the 12 Dial
concavity in the panel.
Caution: 13
Safety cover
Before attaching the dial, check that the
LCD surface is free from foreign matter.
13 Pass the safety cover through the spring arm
attached to the panel and then secure it with a
screw of M2 x 8 from the reverse side. Once
completely tighten the screw and then loose it
by about a half turn to check that the safety
cover rotates properly.
Caution:
If the safety cover fails to return to the
Fig. 4-15 13 Screw of 2 x 8
original position with the spring force,
loosen the screw by another half turn.
28
4-10 Assembling the rear case
14
Warning label
Fig. 4-16 Through-
(remove backing
screw-hole
paper)
14 Attach the warning label after removing its
backing sheet. 15
16 Dial A Round rubber foot
15 Remove the round rubber foots from the (semitranslucent,
purple-colored)
mounting paper board and firmly set them (2
Rectangular
places). rubber foot
16 As shown in Fig. 4-18, open the stand (the Rear case

figure is omitted). Attach the dial A

Female thread
(semitranslucent, purple-colored) to the rear
case after removing the backing sheet (white)
Fig. 4-16
on its bottom side.
Remove the protective film on the surface side. 18
Caution: Battery terminal

Align the through-screw-hole in the dial A

with the female threads in the rear case.
Rounded
side
17
Fig. 4-17 Dry cell
17 Attach the battery terminals.
Caution:
The rounded side of each battery terminal
should come to the top.
18 Place the dry cells with their polarities
matching those engraved on the rear case. Fig. 4-17

4-11 Assembling and operation checks

1. Checks before assembling the panel with the rear case (1 through 11)

Check Order Description

1 Check that the printed circuit board is snapped in below 7 pawls on the panel.
2 Check that the dial is properly attached to the panel.
3 Check that all of the resistors and the spark gaps are soldered.
Check that the connector covers do not significantly deviate from their
4
corresponding holes in the panel.
5 Check that the fuse is in place.
6 Check that the battery terminals are upright before placing dry cells.
7 Check that the polarities of the buzzer are correct.
Check that the wiring lead wires are not routed above any mounting hole for the
8
rear case or the Function switch.
9 Check that the Function switch smoothly turns (1/3 turn).
10 Check that the safety cover smoothly rotates (1/3 turn).
Check that the rubber switch returns to the original position after it has been
11
pressed with your finger and then released.

2. Assembling the panel with the rear case and subsequent work: (1) through (3)
(1) Turn OFF the Function switch.
(2) Completely assemble the panel with the rear case by engaging the concavity (slot) with the
convexity at their respective leading ends at an angle of about 20 degrees (left side in Fig. 4-18).
(3) Open the stand and secure the rear case to the panel by using a screw of M3 x 22 (right side
in Fig. 4-18).

29
 Stand

About 20 ˚ Mounting
Panel screw M3 x 22
for rear case

Rear case

Fig. 4-18: Assembling the panel with the rear case

3. Checking the readout (1 through 6)

Once the reading is assembled properly, it functions as shown in the right column in accordance
with the respective position of the Function switch.

Check Order Position of Function switch Function

All the display elements are illuminated (see Fig. 1-3)
1 V / and then AUTO RS232C xxx.x mV is displayed (xxx.x
is not constant; it always varies)
2 Ω/ / AUTO RS232C O.L MΩ is displayed.
AUTO RS232C xx.xx nF is displayed (xx.xx is not constant;
3
it is a value approximately within the range of 00.10-00.35)
4 400 • 4000 µA / AUTO RS232C 000.0 µA is displayed.
5 40 • 400 mA / AUTO RS232C 00.00 mA is displayed.
40 • 400 mA / • The buzzer sounds.
6
(Press the SELECT switch once.) • AUTO RS232C 00.00 mA is displayed.
Caution: If any of the display elements, which should be illuminated on the LCD in order 1, is missing, it is
attributable to a contact failure due to foreign matter included somewhere between the LCD, the
zebra-striped connector and the printed circuit board (large). Perform the steps in 4-9 again (page 27).

4-12 Adjustments
1. Adjustment environment Screwdriver for DCV Function
adjustment use
Choose an indoor location where temperature is
18-28 °C and relative humidity 75 % maximum Adjustment hole
without exposure to direct sunlight. (DCV ADJ)
After the adjustment,
2. Order of adjustments close the adjustment
hole with the oval seal.
The PC20TK is designed to show any of the readings
within the accuracy shown in "2-3 Specification" after
the DCV adjustment has been completed.
Fig. 4-19:
(1) Set the Function switch to / .
DCV adjustment
(2) Apply 3.8 VDC output from the voltage generator
between the negative (COM) and positive connectors of the PC20TK.
(3) Vertically insert the insulated screwdriver (*) for adjustment use through the DCV adjustment
hole (DCV • ADJ) in the panel surface and fit it into the slot in the pre-set resistor located
inside. Slowly turn the screwdriver clockwise or counterclockwise so that the reading falls
within the range of 3.799-3.801 V. Turning the screwdriver counterclockwise will decrease the
reading, while turning it clockwise will increase the reading.
* Applicable blade of screwdriver: 2.3 in width x 0.4-0.5 mm in thickness; shaft: 4.2 mm
max. in diameter and 15 mm min. in length
(4) After the adjustment, close the adjustment hole with the oval seal (one seal is provided for spare use).
If a standard voltage generator with high accuracy is not available, make connections
as shown in (1) in Fig. 5-1 and then make an adjustment by matching the reading on the
PC20TK with that of the voltmeter used as standard.

30
4-13 Layout of components on the mounting surface

*R38 or C15

Fig. 4-20: Layout of component on the mounting surface

31
 VDD

32
F
μA・mA
0.5A/250V
D1
R3 LFB01LCT1 BZ
R0 R2
Buzzer circuit
18.7kF 22kF 10k Q1
R4 2SD3601S

R5
40.2kD
20kD R6
AC input/rectification circuit R7 100kD
− 91kF
∼ COM C1 Readout
＋

C2
0.01u
R11 (LCD)
2.7kJ 4.7u R10

C3
0.022u
10kD COM4
R12 PIN1
R13 510kD COM3
27kD PIN2
COM2
D2 PIN3
C4 0.47u COM1
PIN4

100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
R14 R15 22kF SEG1
Protection circuit 100kD 1SS226 PIN6
SEG2

NC
NC
NC
NC

FTA

FTB
FTC
RST
R16 22kF PIN7

OPIN
REF0
REF1

TSTC

OP2P
ENTX

OP1O
COM4
COM3
COM2
D3 SEG3

BLOUT
R17 PIN8

BEEPER
1 OP2N COM1
80
SEG4
R18 C5 0.7u 2 79 PIN9
1MJ 100kD 1SS226 NC Reference voltage circuit SEG1 SEG5
C6 3 78 PIN10
R19 OP20 SEG2 SEG6
4 77 PIN11
＋ 0.022u ADIP SEG3 SEG7
C7 5 76 PIN12
∼ 1k(PTC) NC SEG4 SEG8
GO TO LCD

0.022u 6 75 PIN13
GAP1 ADIN SEG5 SEG9
7 74 PIN14
NC LCD drive SEG6 SEG10
R20 8 73 PIN15
SA SEG7 SEG11
R21 9 output 72 PIN16
100kD SGND SEG8 SEG12
10kD 10 71 PIN17
ADP SEG9 SEG13
S12 OFF V OHM/BUZ/DIO CAP uA mA OFF R23 11 70 PIN18
Electric shunt DT SEG10 SEG14
100kD 12 69 PIN5
NC SEG11
R24 1RD 13 68 RS232C use only
SMV SEG12
R25 100RD C8 0.022u 14 67 D4 TLN223 VDD
CRES1 SEG13
R26 15 U1 66 R27
RL SEG14 Optical
100kD 16 LP3 65 100RJ
NC NC
R28 R29 17 64 output circuit
RCAP TXD
27kD 30.1kF 18 63 for
S13 ONEK NC
4-14 Circuit diagram of the PC20TK

R30 1kD 19 62 Y R31

NC XOUT 1MJ PC Link
R32 20 Oscillation 61 4MHz
TENK XN
10kD 21 circuit 60
NC Voltage divider and NC
R33 22 59 R34
HUNK RLCD
101kD 23 comparator circuit 58 200kJ C9 ＋
NC VDDA
R35 24 57 10u
ONEM Ê­Ê6ÊUÊΩÊUÊÊÊÊÊÊ® NC
1.11MD 25 56 C10 ＋
NC VGG
R36 26 55 10u
TENM CA
10MB C11 0.047u 27 54 C12 ＋10u R37
CRES2 CB 84.5kD
Q2 D5 28 TSTB Functional mode NC
53
2SC3265Y SI WBA 60 B 29 52

Fig. 4-21: Circuit diagram

ADPC1 selection circuit Power circuit VB
30 ADPC2 NC
51
R38
1MF
SELECT
RANGE
REL
HOLD
HZ/DUTY
CAP
MEA4
MEA3
MEA2
MEA1
LCD1
LCD2
TSTA
VSS
NC
AGND
NC
VDD
NC
NC

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

VDD
U2
Protection circuit 1 8 S1 R.H C13 C14
COM VDD ＋ ＋
2 INH S2 D.H
ch0 7
3 VEE ch1 6 10u 10u
SETTING OF FUNCTION 4 5
VSS A
MEA4 MEA3 MEA2 MEA1 CAP REMARKS VDD=1 D7 Power Name and Symbol
VSS=0 TC7W53FU VDD
V 1 1 1 1 0 VSS : Battery Negative Terminal and IC Negative Power Input
V D6
O/B/D 1 1 0 1 1 VDD : Battery Positive Terminal and Ic Positive Power Input

CAP 0 1 1 1 0 VGG : VDD Chage Pump Voltage about 2"VDD

SELECT VDD
BT

S3 *REL
uA 1 1 0 0 0
1.5VX2

VDDA : IC Analog Power about 3.8V

OFF V O/B/D CAP uA mA OFF
mA 1 1 1 0 0 AGND : Analog Common about VDD/2
S10

D101 / 102 / 103 : 1SS294

D9 D8 : LFB01LCT1
V
*REL : When cap function use only D10 D6,7 / D9,D10 : MA-151WK
[5] Inspection and Calibration
After the adjustments have been finished, inspect readings in each functional mode as the final stage.
Based on this result, calculate error rates and accuracy, and complete "5-3 Table for test results."
Obtain error rates using the equation given in "5-2 Error rate." To determine the accuracy range,
perform calculations by the procedures described in "2-3 Specification" and "4 Accuracy" under "2-4
Explanation of function." If the reading on the PC20TK markedly deviates from the corresponding
standard input, the possible causes include a missing component and a short-circuit due to
overhanging solder in the patterns on the printed circuit boards. An error that slightly deviates from
the accuracy range shown in "2-3 Specification" is attributable to a deviation as described in "4-12
Adjustments." In rare cases, the error of a circuit component is too large.

5-1 Calibration procedure

The PC20TK is typically calibrated by making connections as shown in Fig. 5-1, matching the
reading of the unit (this multitester) under test with the target value while changing the output from
the generator, and then reading the value displayed on the generator (or reading the value
displayed on the PC20TK against the standard input). Enter the calibration result as in the example
of completing the table for test results on page 34. Use the test result form on page 37 or its
photocopy.

1. DCV, ACV 2. DCµA • mA, ACµA • mA

Variable Variable
voltage current
generator generator

Standard Standard
digital voltmeter with digital ammeter with
4-1/2 digits minimum 4-1/2 digits minimum

Multimeter under Multimeter under

measurement measurement

3. Ω 4.

Multimeter under Multimeter under

measurement measurement

Variable standard Variable standard

resistor capacitor

Fig. 5-1: Connections for calibration

33
5-2 Error rate
Error rate is represented as the percentage ratio of reading M on the unit under measurement (the
PC20TK) minus true value T (reading on the standard) to true value T.

M−T
=- × 100 (%)
T

5-3 Example of completing the table for test results

Table for Test Results

Model : PC20TK Tested on : March 10, 2008

Serial No. : 2031234
Test conditions : Temperature 23 °C ; relative humidity 60 %
: Frequency of AC voltage and current 50 Hz Tested by: Mr. Saburo Sanwa

Reading M on Reading T on
Functional mode
PC20TK standard Error rate Accuracy range
/range
(displayed value) (true value)
DC 400 mV 380.0 mV 378.01 mV +0.53 % 376.0~384.0 mV
DC 4 V 3.800 V 3.7752 V +0.66 % 3.760~3.840 V
DC 40 V 38.00 V 37.732 V +0.71 % 37.60~38.40 V
DC 400 V 380.0 V 378.21 V +0.47 % 376.0~384.0 V
DC 750 V 600 V 594.1 V +1.00 % 592~608 V
AC 4 V 3.800 V 3.8338 V −0.88 % 3.734~3.866 V
AC 40 V — — — —
AC 400 V 380.0 V 384.04 V −1.05 % 373.8~386.2 V
AC 750 V — — — —
DC 400 µA 380.0 µA 377.52 µA +0.66 % 374.1~385.9 µA
DC 4000 µA — — — —
DC 40 mA 38.00 mA 37.631 mA +0.98 % 37.41~38.59 mA
DC 400 mA — — — —
AC 400 µA — — — —
AC 4000 µA 3800 µA 3815.1 µA −0.39 % 3719~3881 µA
AC 40 mA — — — —
AC 400 mA 380.0 mA 383.73 mA −0.97 % 371.9~388.1 mA
40 nF — — — —
400 nF — — — —
4 µF 2.200 µF 2.1049 µF +4.52 % 2.040~2.360 µF
40 µF 10.00 µF 9.761 µF +2.45 % 9.24~10.76 µF
100 µF — — — —
Ω 400 Ω 200.0 Ω 198.56 Ω +0.72 % 196.5~203.5 Ω
Ω 4 kΩ — — — —
Ω 40 kΩ 20.00 kΩ 19.901 kΩ +0.50 % 19.65~20.35 kΩ
Ω 400 kΩ — — — —
Ω 4 MΩ 1.000 MΩ 0.9906 MΩ +0.95 % 0.980~1.020 MΩ
Ω 40 MΩ — — — —

34
 Table for Test Results

Model :PC20TK Tested on :

Serial No. :2031234
Test conditions : Temperature °C ; relative humidity %
: Frequency of AC voltage and current 50 Hz Tested by:

Reading M on Reading T on
Functional mode
PC20TK standard Error rate Accuracy range
/range
(displayed value) (true value)
DC 400 mV
DC 4 V
DC 40 V
DC 400 V
DC 750 V
AC 4 V
AC 40 V
AC 400 V
AC 750 V
Cut here

DC 400 µA
DC 4000 µA
DC 40 mA
DC 400 mA
AC 400 µA
AC 4000 µA
AC 40 mA
AC 400 mA
40 nF
400 nF
4 µF
40 µF
100 µF
Ω 400 Ω
Ω 4 kΩ
Ω 40 kΩ
Ω 400 kΩ
Ω 4 MΩ
Ω 40 MΩ

35
36
[6] Calculation Problems for Input Circuit

6-1 Voltage measurement circuit

1. When the input voltage is 1000 V in Fig. 6-1, find R in Ω with which 1 V is obtained as the
standard output (uniform different units of resistance for calculation). Assume that the input
resistance of the LSI connected to the output connector is infinite ( ).

990 k£

Input voltage 9 M£
1000 V

R Output voltage
1V

Fig. 6-1

R kΩ
1V= • V
990 kΩ + MΩ + R kΩ

2. Circuit using an OP amplifier

In Fig. 6-2, when the input voltage is 500 V, the output voltage is 0.5 V. Find the value for R. As
one of the characteristics of the OP amplifier, the resistance between a and b in Fig. 6-2 is
infinite ( ), but the electrical potential difference is 0 (this is called imaginable short).

i’ R

10 M£
Input voltage a
500 V i Output voltage (Vout)
b 0.5 V

Fig. 6-2

500 V Vout
|i| = |i’| hence, =
10 MΩ R

37
6-2 Current measurement circuit
When the input current is 400 mA in Fig. 6-3, find electric shut resistor R in Ω with which the output
voltage of 400 mA is obtained. Create an equation to find R. Assume that the input resistance of
the LSI connected to the output connector is infinite ( ).

Output voltage
Input voltage
400 mA 400 mA
R LSI

Fig. 6-3

6-3 Resistance measurement circuit

Assume that the output voltage is 0.5 V when resistor Rx under measurement is connected to the
input connector in Fig. 6-4. Find the value for Rx. (See Fig. 3-9 on page 15.) Also find Rx when the
output voltage is 0.2 V. As explained in item 2 under 6-1, the resistance between a and b in Fig. 6-4
is infinite ( ), but the electric potential difference is 0.

Rx

Rs=1 k£
a

Es=1 V b Output voltage 0.5 V LSI

(Vout)

Fig. 6-4

38
[7] Overview of Troubleshooting
First check that the printed circuit boards are properly snapped into the panel and that the dry cells
are placed in correct polarities.

• The dry cells have run out; the battery terminals were
soldered improperly or in a deformed shape.
The power does • The brush of the Function switch is deformed or missing.
not turn ON. • Quartz oscillator was soldered improperly.
• There is a bridge (short-circuit) due to solder between
pins on the LSI (U1), or the LSI is damaged electrostatically.

• There is a contact failure between the zebra-striped

connector and the printed circuit board.
• The brush of the Function switch is deformed or missing.
• The polarities of the diode (D5) are reversed or there is a
The LCD short-circuit between any of its terminals and the pattern
malfunctions. on the printed circuit board due to solder.
• There is a bridge (short-circuit) due to solder between
pins on the LSI (U1), or the LSI is damaged electrostatically.
• The DCV adjustment was not successfully made
because of R3.

There is no
response to any • There is wrong wiring for COM or B or improper
input. soldering.

• The DCV adjustment was not successfully made

because of R3.
Voltage cannot be • In particular, there is wrong wiring for R19 (PTC), R22,
measured properly. 36, GAP1 or GAP2, improper soldering, or a short-
circuit.
• The resistance value for 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33 or 35 is
incorrect or there is a short-circuit.

• In particular, R17, R19 (PTC), R22, 36, GAP1 or GAP2 is

Resistance cannot be wired improperly, soldered unsuccessfully, or otherwise
measured properly. short-circuited.
• There is a bridge (short-circuit) between pins on the IC
(U1).

The functional • The buzzer is soldered unsuccessfully or its polarities are

mode is not available.
reversed.

• The fuse is blown out, wiring A is soldered unsuccessfully

or involves faulty wiring.
• The polarities of the diode (D5) are reversed or there is a
Current cannot be
measured properly. short-circuit between any of its pins and the circuit board
pattern due to solder.
• R24 is soldered unsuccessfully or its resistance value is
incorrect.

39
[8] After-sale Service
8-1 Repair service at customer's expense
1. Before requesting our repair service, check that:
• the built-in fuse is not blown out;
• the built-in dry cells have not run out; and
• the test leads are not broken.
2. Repair service period
Repair components will be retained in stock for a minimum period of 6 years after the
discontinuance of manufacture. We accept your repair request during this period. However, note that
some semiconductors may become unavailable earlier because of difficulties in purchasing them.
3. Repair service charge
If excessively large voltage is applied exceeding the function of the overload protection circuit
and damages the LSI (malfunction), the circuit boards (burned patterns), or any other expensive
main component, the repair service charge may exceed the purchase cost. In such a case, it is
recommended that a new product be purchased. The transportation charges for sending your
PC20TK to us and returning it to you are to be borne by you along with the repair charge.
4. Address for sending your PC20TK
In order to ensure the safe transportation of the PC20TK, place it in a box having volume of at
least 5 times the product size and fill the space with sufficient pad or filler. Mark the box as
"Product to be repaired."

Customer Service Section, Hamura Factory,

Sanwa Electric Instrument Co., Ltd.
4-7-15 Shinmeidai, Hamura City, Tokyo 205-8604 Japan
TEL (042) 554-0113 / FAX (042) 555-9046

8-2 Repair fuses

To place an order for fuses, specify the size and rating of your fuse as well as this model and remit
the amount of the fuses required.

8-3 Information request

Tokyo Head Office : TEL (03) 3253-4871 / FAX (03) 3251-7022
Osaka Sales Office : TEL (06) 6631-7361 / FAX (06) 6644-3249
E-mail : exp_sales@sanwa-meter.co.jp
Our website : http://www.sanwa-meter.co.jp

8-4 Accessories sold separately

• Current probes: CL-22AD, CL-20D and CL33DC
• PC connection cable for Optical Link via RS232C: KB-RS1
• Holster: H-70 • Temperature probe: T-300PC
• PC Link software • Clip adapter: CL-11

8-5 Books for reference

The following reference books are available, which explain the construction and principle of testers
and the relevant measuring methods in an easy-to-understand manner:
• "100 % Effective Use of Your New Tester" published by CQ Publishing Co., Ltd.
• "Effectively Using Your Digital Tester" published by Testugaku Shuppan Co., Ltd.

40
About safekeeping
Caution
1. To keep the panel or case clean, please wipe it with a dry, soft cloth. Do not use thinner or alcohol-
based solvents because these can harm the finish.
2. Please do not leave this unit next to any direct source of high heat (like a soldering iron).
3. Please do not leave this unit in any place where it will be exposed to direct sunlight, high
temperatures, high humidity, low temperatures, or dew condensation.
4. Please do not store this unit in any place where it will be exposed to too much vibration or in a
place where it might fall and become damaged.
5. Please remove the internal battery before storing the unit for extended periods of time.

41
 Sanwa Electric Instrument Co., Ltd.
Head Office: Dempa Building, 2-4-4 Sotokanda,
Class Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 Japan
Phone: 81-3-3253-4871
Osaka Sales Office: 2-7-2 Ebisu-nishi, Naniwa-ku,
Name Osaka City 556-0003 Japan
Phone: 81-6-6631-7361

03-1308 2040 2040