C14 - TEST 1 READING PASSAGE 1 mindful of= aware, attentive #unaware

brick by brick= steadily in a step-by step manner, the #inattentive có ý thức

creation or destruction of smt. từng bước point out= indicate, show, reveal, #hide
fairy-tale= enchanted, magical, fabulous cổ tích scarce= rare, uncommon, limited, in short
turret= a small tower on a large building, especially a castle. supply, hiếm
fire-breathing = able to produce a stream of fire #plentiful, #abundant
from the mouth thở ra lửa curtail= restrain, limit, restrict, reduce giới
wicked= evil, unkind, sadistic, cruel, #good perception= insight, view, opinion hạn
gallant= kind, polite, respectful, gracious, #rude, (per=thoroughly i.e perfection,
#cowardly tốt bụng persistence)
enchanting= attractive, pleasant delightful, emphasis= stress, importance,
interesting, compelling thú vị, thu hút highlighting
take the first step= begin, start new things bắt đầu implication= effect, inference, association,
repercussion= consequence, effect, impact, hậu quả knock- on effect (plic= fold i.e complicate,
outcome (cuss= shake i.e discussion, concussion) tác động application) ngụ ý
abandon =, leave behind, give up, walk out on #stay with. từ bỏ leisure= free time, entertainment,
in favour of= preferring to choose someone or relaxation
something that you believe is better thiên vị facilities= buildings, services, equipment,
boss someone around= give orders, order around, etc. that are provided for a particular
command, bully #obey ra lệnh purpose (fac=do, make i.e factory,
pretence= pretense, make-believe, imagination, giả vờ facilitate)
khởi điểm
#reality child-initiated play= play in which
settle down= to relax, doing a quiet activitiythư giãn children choose what and how to play and
take turn (take it in turns) = alternate luân phiên who to play with spontaneous=
underpin= support, reinforce, strengthen, #weaken làm nền unplanned, natural, impulsive,
intellectual= philosopher, thinker, scholar (lect= read i.e #planned tự phát
prelect, lecture) học giả intervene=, , interrupt, get involved become
adaptable= adjustable, easygoing, flexible, involved in a situation in order to improve or
#inflexible có thể thích nghi help it (ven= come i.e invent, advent) gián
millennia (plural) - millennium (singular)= 1000 ngàn năm fundamental= basic, essential, central,đoạn
years (millen= thousand each i.e millionaire, millenary) important cơ bản, quan trọng
extol= praise, admire, exalt, #deprecate khen ngợi (fund = bottom i.e foundation, profound)
virtue= goodness, integrity, morality, #wickedness đức hạnh trivial=minor, unimportant, insignificant,
(vir= man i.e virtual, virtuality) #crucial k quan trọng, tầm thường
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contrasts= differ, conflict, be different from something disorders in which the development of the
(contra= against i.e contraception, contradict) central nervous system is disturbed
puzzle= mystery, enigma, riddle, #explanation bí ẩn (neur= nerve i.e neurologic, neural)
possibility= option, probability, likelihood, prospect khả thi autism= a mental condition in which a person
self-control= self-discipline, willpower, ability to remain finds tự kỉ
calm and not show your emotions even though you are it very difficult to communicate or form
feeling angry, excited, etc. tự chủ relationships with others (aut=self i.e
undertake= carry out, embark on, take on, thực thi automatic, authentic)
#relinquish approach= method, tactic,
toddler= baby, a child who has only recently learnt to walk em bé methodology cách tiếp cận
pre-schooler= a child who does not yet go to stimulus= incentive, motivation,
school, or who goes to preschool mầm non incitement, encouragement (stimul=
set-up= arrangement, system, situation, rouse i.e stimulate) tác nhân kích thích
circumstance sắp xếp backwater= remote place, the middle of
problem-solver= those who are good at finding ways of nowhere, backwoods, sticks nơi xa xôi
hẻo lánh
dealing with problems người giải quyết vấn đề untroubled= peaceful, calm, tranquil,
(solv=loosen, set free i.e dissolve, solution) undisturbed # bình yên, không
phiền toái
playful= lively, frisky, full of fun, full of life, #subdued sống động bothered #troubled
facilitate= enable, aid, help, assist, smooth the progress of, debate= argument, discuss, dispute tranh cãi
#impede (fac=do, make i.e factory, facility) làm cho dễ dàng controversy= disagreement, discussion,
self-regulate= self-control, self-discipline, self-will debate,
(regul=rule i.e regular, regulation) tự kiểm soát #agreement (vers=turn i.e convert,
predictor= something that can show what will happen in adverse)
the future (dic/dict= proclaim, say i.e dictation, verdict) dự đoán landscape= environment, situation,
indicator= pointer, display, sign (dic/dict= proclaim, say i.e background
dictation, verdict) người chỉ thị hotly= fiercely, angrily, strongly,
investigate= examine, explore, inspect, check. passionately, #dispassionately kịch liệt
(vestig= track i.e vestigial) khám phá
observe= watch, view, monitor, study, #ignore
(serv= save, protect i.e conserve, reserve) quan
sát
well-being= comfort, happiness, welfare thoải mái
diagnosis= analysis, discover or identify the exact cause of
an illness or a problem (gno= know i.e telegnosis, agnosia) chẩn
đoán bệnh
neurodevelopmental disorders = a group of rối loạn phát triển thần kinh
2
 glorious= magnificent, wonderful, superb,
TEST 1 READING PASSAGE 2 #inglorious (glori=glory i.e glorify,
devise= invent, create, plan, conceive scheme= program, plan, vainglory) tuyệt vời
system, strategy (schem = plan i.e schema, schematic) kế hoạch discourage= demoralized, deter, less
come up with= think of, create, produce activist= protester, confident #encourage làm nản lòng
advocate, campaigner (act= do i.e action, actor, agent) tạo ra deposit= a sum of money that is paid
perceive= understand, notice, recognize, distinguish, become by somebody when they rent
aware of, #ignore hiểu something and that is returned to them
(per=thoroughly i.e perfection, persistence) if they do not lose or damage the thing
threat = risk, danger, trouble nguy hiểm they are renting. (posit= put
consumerism = the belief that it is good to buy and use a lot of i.e position, apposite) tiền đặt cọc
goods and services – often used to show disapproval (sum=take arouse= stimulate, provoke, awaken,
i.e assume, subsume) chủ nghĩa tiêu thụ stir up, kích thích
leaflet = flyer, pamphlet, brochure, booklet, handout (piece of encourage, inspire
paper advertising) tờ rơi conscious= aware, mindful, deliberate,
recall= remember, remind, elicit, bring to mind, #forget hồi tưởng#unaware, #unconscious nhận thức
a great deal= enormous, a large amount, significant, #a little, prove= show, demonstrate, verify
#a few không đếm được #disprove chứng minh
struggle= to try very hard to do something guilder= the standard unit of money
when it is difficult đấu tranh used in
get off the ground (phrase)= start to be the Netherlands before the Euro
khởi đầu của thành công
successful chip = microchip = a very small piece
be opposed to= disagree with, against, phản đối of silicon containing a set of electronic
object to (op/ob=against i.e offend, oblique) parts, which is used in computers and
initiative= proposal, scheme, idea, project sángkiến other machines vi mạch
distribute= give out, allocate, spread phân phối conspicuous = visible, clear,
symbolic= figurative, representative, noticeable,
emblematic tượng trưng obvious, #inconspicuous (spic= look i.e
seize= grab, get hold of, capture, take, #lose nắm lấy, bắt lấy aspect, prospect, respect) dễ thấy
elaborate= complicated, complex, detailed, carefully prepared sturdy= robust, durable, strong, well-
and organized phức tạp made,
municipality= city, borough, town, metropolisđô thị heavy-duty #weak cứng cáp
turn out= come out, result, become, end up hóa ra là rack= frame, framework, holder khung
unanimously= all together, consistently, totally, #partly nhất trí
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distribute= deliver, spread, spread out. phân phối mindset (ment= mind i.e reminisce,
announce= publicize, inform, tell, publish, mental, memento)
#keep secret thông báo Long for= desire, wish, crave, yearn, want,
prone to= suffer from, vulnerable to, wish for khao khát
susceptible, liable to, at risk bắt phải chịu outlook = viewpoint, point of view,
vandalism=the crime of destroying or damaging attitude, position quan điểm
something, especially public property (van= empty i.e
vain, vanish) phá phách
theft= robbery, stealing, trôm cắp TEST 1 READING PASSAGE 3
blow= negative impact, set-back, shock, misfortune tiêu cực hospitality= welcome, friendly, kindness,
abolish= eliminate, stop, end, put an end to, loại bỏ warmth, nhà hàng khách sạn
#establish #unfriendliness. (hospit= host i.e hospice,
profitable= money-making, lucrative, có lợi hospital)
commercial #unprofitable critical= crucial, significant, vital, important
pivotal= key, paramount, crucial, extremely cực kì (crit= judge i.e criterion, apocrine)chỉtrich,
quan trọng quan trọng
important, #unimportant, #irrelevant superior= excellent, high-class, top-quality,
characteristically= typically, usually, normally đặc trưng, first-class
#unusually. tiêu biểu (super= above i.e superb, supernova)
corporation= firm, business, company, tập đoàn performance= presentation, show,
enterprise (corpor= body i.e corpus, corporative) decisive= enactment accomplish= achieve, done,
strong-minded, determined, resolute, #uncertain quả quyết finish. hoàn thành
boast= possess, have, pride yourself on, lay acquire= obtain, gain, attain, achieve, get hold
claim to khoe khoang, tự hào of đạt được
file for= put in place, put in order, to make an official request (quir= seek i.e conquer, inquiry)
for something đi kiện retain= keep, hold, maintain duy trì
patent= copyright, right, official document bằng sáng chế judicious= wise, sensible #stupid #foolish
Along with= together with, accompanied by, in company with, aim= goal, purpose, target, intention
as well as cùng với sector= segment, part, area, zone, fieldlĩnh vực
regarded as=thought of, view as, seen as, emphasize= highlight, underline, stress,
considered as . được xem là #understate nhấn mạnh
Optimistic= hopeful, positive, bright, cheerful, lạc quan work-life balance = the ability to give a
#pessimistic (optim= best i.e optimal, optimum) sensible cân bằng giữa cv và cs
Stand a chance (idiom)= have a chance of success có cơ hội amount of time and effort to your work and
mentality= attitude, approach, outlook, tư duy to your life outside work
4
address= solve, tackle, deal with, handle, cope with giải quyết employee turnover= the rate at which
possess= own, have, retain, #lack (sess=sit i.e obsession, employees leave a company and are replaced
reside) sở hữu by new employees tỉ lệ nv nghỉ việc
capability= ability, competence, potential, #inability recurring= regular, frequent, repeated thg
xuyên
(cap= hold i.e caption, capacious) khả năng cite = mentioned, refer to, quoted (cit= call
competitive advantage = an advantage that makes a i.e solicit, excite) trích dẫn
lợi
company more able to succeed in competing with others compensation= reward, benefit, payment
ích
(pet= strive toward i.e appetite, petition) lợi thế cạnh tranh inadequate= deficient, unsatisfactory, too
recognition= identification, know, awareness (gnit= know little, not enough, #sufficient (equ= equal i.e
i.e cognition, ignorant) nhận thức equity, equivalence) k đủ, thiếu
hospitality industry= businesses such as hotels, compromised= worsen, make worse, poor,
bars, and restaurants that offer people food, drink, or a place low
xấu, tệ hại, thỏa hiệp
to sleep morale= spirit, enthusiasm tinh thần
dominated by = the most prevalent, the most common demonstrate= show, exhibit, reveal, minhhọa
(domin= master i.e domain, predominate) thống trị explain recognition= gratitude, sự công
nhận
underdeveloped= immature, weak, infantile chưa phát triển appreciation, acknowledgement, respect,
practices= does, performs, exercises luyện tập #blame (gnit= know i.e cognition, ignorant)
substance= core, essence, central part nền tảng motivate= inspire, provoke, encourage
foster= nurture, raise thúc đẩy, nuôi dưỡng (mot= move i.e động lực
constructive= beneficial, positive, fruitful, lợi ích mobile, promote)
#destructive (struct= build i.e structure, instruct) obstacle= difficulty, problem, barrierkhókhăn
represent= stand for, speak for, symbolize, đại diện obligated= grateful, appreciative, thankful cảm
kích
#misrepresent succinctly= briefly, in short, concisely xúc tích
managerial= decision-making, administrative, thuộc về summarize= review, sum up, recap (sum=
organizational
quản lí sum i.e consummate, summation) tóm tắt
enable= allow, permit, aid, assist. make possible, cho phép enhance= improve, increase, develop cảithiện
#prevent retention= keeping, holding, retaining,
draw out= to mention, explain, elaborate giải thích preservation giữ lại
potential= capacity, ability, aptitude (pot= power i.e despot, (tent= hold i.e content, abstain, contain)
potentate) tiềm năng inherently= integrally, fundamentally,
broadly = largely, roughly, mostly rộng lớn essentially, cơ bản đã là như vậy
aspect= feature, trait, quality (spect= look i.e prospect, naturally, intrinsically, #superficially
speculate) khía cạnh (here= stick i.e inhere, adhesive)

5
reaction= response, reply, feedback (act= do i.e action, themed restaurant = A themed restaurant is
actor, agent) phản ứng, phản hồi a type of
characteristic= trait, quality, personality predisposition= restaurant that uses theming to attract
tendency, predilection, disposition, bias (posit= put i.e diners by creating a memorable
position, apposite) khuynh hướng experience. nhà hàng theo chủ đề
hypothesis= theory, suggestion, assumption giả thuyết turnover= the rate at which people leave
(the= put i.e synthesis, anathematic) an organization and are replaced by others
opportunity= chance, prospect, occasion cơ hội framing = bordering, enclosing, surrounding,
in relation to = related to, concerning, with regard to liên quan set up, # insetting đóng khung
perception= insight, awareness, view, opinion, recognition aligned = associated, support, side with, line
(per=thoroughly i.e perfection, persistence) separate= split, up with canh thẳng hàng
divide, disconnect delicate= fragile, weak, slight, elegant tinh vi
troubling = worrying, concerning, disturbing, lo lắng simultaneously= at the same time,
#soothing concurrently,
sophisticated= complex, complicated, advanced phức tạp, instantaneously, at once (simul= imitating
(soph= wise i.e philosophy, sophism) tinh vi i.e similar, assimilate) đồng thời
in a real sense = sth is partly true, or true in one way, 1 phần adopt= accept, implement, embrace
nào đó
in one aspect (sens= feel i.e sensory, consent) dichotomy= (opt=choose i.e option, optative) sử dụng
contrast, opposition, contradiction (tom= cut i.e anatomy, assist= support, help, aid (sist= cause to stand
polytomy) ngược lại i.e consist, exist, insist) giúp đỡ
enable= allow, make possible, permit cho phép appropriate= suitable, fitting, apt, proper
retain = keep, hold, maintain duy trì (propri= property i.e proper, propriety)
competent= experienced, knowledgeable, skilled có khả năng adequate = enough, sufficient, #inadequate,
imply= indicate, mean, suggest đề xuất #insufficient (equ= equal i.e equity,
employee retention= the ability of a company to keep its equivalence) đủ
employees and stop them from going to work somewhere else well-being = happiness, comfort, welfare,
extrinsic= external, outside, outer bên ngoài safety sức khỏe và hạnh phúc
context = situation, environment, circumstance (text=
weave i.e textile, pretext) ngữ cảnh
job security = a job with a high level of security is such that TEST 2 READING PASSAGE 1
a person with the job would have a small chance of losing it. emigrate = migrate, relocate, move, abroad,
intrinsic= inside, inherent, innate, inner, #extrinsic bên trong leave your country, # return #immigrate. di cư
conduct= do, perform, accomplish, carry out thi hành well-known = famous, celebrated, renowned,
a chain of = a set of connected or related things 1 chuỗi legendary. nổi tiêng
6
merchant = seller, trader, wholesaler, dealer. thương gia flare= flash, blaze, sparkle ngọn sáng
found = create, start, establish, set up, #close thành lập artificial= man-made, non-natural, synthetic,
chairman = chairperson, chair, chairwoman chủ tịch #natural, #real nhân tạo
(someone who is in charge of a large company or association= organisation, union, alliance
organization) in spite of = despite, although, regardless
extensive = big, large, huge, massive, wide lớn of, even though
landholding = the land that is own by someone chiếm hữu đất bold= noticeable, showy, confident đáng chú
residence = house, home, dwelling (especially a
ý
realism = practicality, #impracticality
large or official one) nơi cư trú, nhà #idealism #romanticism chủ nghĩa hiện
acres= a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,840
thực
influence= effect, impact, repercussions
square yards or 4,047 square metres artistic= creative, imaginative, inventive,
mansion = hall, tower, castle lâu đài arty
edge= rim, border, boundary rìa publication = journal, newspaper,
property = land, building, estate, belongings. tài sản magazine sự xuất bản
stream= watercourse, small river, torrent suối circulation = distribution, readership, sales
outskirts = outer edge, border, suburb (that is furthest vary= differ, change, diverge, be different
from its centre) ngoại ô prove= show, demonstrate, evidence
apprenticeship= traineeship, internship, training thực tập #disprove
accountant = bookeeper, auditor (someone whose job is to evaluate= assess, estimate, value, calculate
keep and check financial accounts, calculate taxes etc) kếtoán advertise= publicize, market, announce,
the prospect of = possibility, vision, potential. triển vọng promote
please = satisfy, give pleasure to, make happy, drop = stop, give up, abandon, #maintain
settled in= to begin to feel happy and relaxed in a new portrait = a drawing, painting, or photograph
situation, home, job, or school ổn định of a person
take it up= to start a new job or have a new specialize = specify, concentrate, focus
responsibility numerous = many, plentiful, abundant
amateur = layperson, beginner, apprentice, reveal= expose, uncover, bring to light
#professional #expert compose = produce, create, make,
personal friend= someone who you know well, compile pursuit= pastime, interest,
especially a famous or important person leisure activity sufficient = enough,
excursion= trip, tour, expedition, journey. dã ngoại adequate, plenty, appropriate.
cooperate = work together, work as a team, collaborate hợp tác depict = show, illustrate, describe, represent
experiments= trial, test, research. thì nghiệm lumber = wood, logs, timber, planks
magnesium=a chemical element (symbol: Mg) enable = allow, permit, support, assist, aid,
7
 facilitate, #prevent retired = stop working, give up
time-consuming = laborious, slow, timewasting,#timesaving work, be pensioned off, step down, nghỉ hưu
souvenir = keepsake, memento, reminder, gift. quàlưu niệm glass negatives = The term most commonly
cung cấp cater= provide, supply, accommodate stock= keep, have, dự trữ refers to two formats, collodion wet plate
carry, sell, supply mounting = encasing, exhibiting, negatives and gelatin dry plate negatives.
installing, framing. Both formats consist of a light sensitive
inclusion = insertion, attachment, addition, emulsion fixed to a glass plate base with a
#absence, #exclusion binder
exhibit= show, display, reveal, present basement= a part of a building that is below
the
throughout = in or into every part of something thông qua level of the first floor tầng hầm
document= record, keep a record, write down, provide
evidence tài liệu, ghi lại TEST 2 READING PASSAGE 2
be fond of = be keen on, be in love with, enjoy, excessive= extreme, too much,
find irresistible unnecessary cực kỳ
wilderness= wild, wasteland, desert. hoang dã skyscraper = tower, multistory
canoe = kayak, outrigger, coracle, dugout, pirogue, building, high-rise building. tòanhàchọctrời
piragua ingenious= skillful, creative, effective, clever
sail= cruise, travelling in a ship, go in a boat, set recovery= improvement, revival, retrieval,
sail healing,
yacht = ship, vessel, cruiser, ferry the culmination of sth= something,
shore = bank, the waterfront, riverside. especially something important, that
Intercolonial Railway = was a historic Canadian happens at the end of a long period of effort
railway that operated from 1872 to 1918 or development cực điểm
undertaking =mission, duty, task Earth sciences = the branch of science dealing
commission= committee, agency, board with
record = document, chronicle, keep information tài liệu the physical constitution of the
principal= main, major, prime, key chủ yếu earth and its atmosphere.
khủng
administer = manage, run, control, govern quản trị crisis= disaster, catastrophe, difficulty hoảng
duty= task, responsibility, undertaking, trách nhiệm gadget= tool, gizmo, machine, device,
extensively= greatly, much, highly, considerably, appliance công cụ
significantly sâu rộng squander (on)= waste, consume,
post = position, placement, job, workplace vị trí spend phung phí

8
mechanically= automatically, instinctively, tự động hóa pathogen= virus, bacterium, germ mầmbệnh
unconsciously, without thinking #consciously airstream= a current of air
run out (of)= be used up, end, expire, finish, come to model = show, demonstrate, display #show
an end cạn kiệt off
capacity= power, ability, volume, #inability khả năng tuberculosis = a serious infectious disease
sweeping= far-reaching, comprehensive, wide-ranging, that bệnh lao
widespread, #restricted lan rộng can attack many parts of a
reinvent = reform, to make changes in order person's body, especially their
to improve it or make it more modern tái tạo lungs.
reliance = dependence, support, # independence đáng tin cậy coughing= to suddenly push air out of your
sealed = closed, stuck #opened niêm phong throat with a short sound, often repeatedly ho
solely=exclusively, only, lone, merely, just độc nhất ward= a large room in a hospital which is used
via = through, thru, by, by means of, using thông qua for khu vực
vast = massive, huge, immense, considerable, #small khổng lồ treating people with similar illnesses or
accommodate= supply, provide, assist ventilation=the thông khí conditions
movement of fresh air around a closed space, or the system generate= produce, make, form, create tạo ra
that does this relentless= unstoppable, persistent, #gentle, air change = a measure of how many times
#moderate không thể dừng lại the air
hung hăng
aggressive=forceful, strong, insistent,#mild within a defined space (normally a room or
market (verb)= advertise, promote, sale quảng cáo house) is replaced
contemporary = current, modern, latest, up-to-date hiện đại appropriate= fitting, suitable, applicable,
habitable= livable, comfortable, inhabitable, fit to, #inappropriate thích hợp
#uninhabitable có thể ở được communal= shared, public, #private chia sẻ
sealed= closed, wrapped, stuck down dementia = a medical condition that affects
emission= a gas or other substance that is sent into the air khí thảiespecially bệnh mất trí ở ng già
spectacular= remarkable, outstanding, stunning, old people, causing the memory and
impressive, #unimpressive other mental abilities to gradually
substantial= significant, plentiful, abundant dồi dào become worse, and leading to confused
catching up = to come from behind and reach someone behaviour
in front of you by going faster đuổi theo fraction = a small part, segment, part, section
frightening = scary, making you feel afraid or nervous đáng sợ contend = argue, claim, insist, declare sựtranh
highlight= underline, emphasize, stress, draw attention to,
luận
mindset = attitude, outlook, approach, belief,
bring to light frame of
sophisticated= complex, advance, complicated phức tạp mind, way of thinking
9
skill-set = the range of things that someone is good at, give over= to stop doing or saying từ bỏ
especially things that are useful in a particular job something that is annoying other people
lament= to express sadness and feeling sorry about reinvent = remake, revive, reform.làm lại
something rên rỉ legacy= heritage, inherence, inheritance tàisản
volume= amount, quantity, degree, number âm lượng abandon = discard, give up, stop. cấm
ingenuity= creativity, inventiveness, resourcefulness, ventilate = to let fresh air into a room,
imagination, initiative sự khéo léo building
panicked= nervous, worried, frightened, lo lắng, hoảng sợ lit = past form of light = to provide light
clamour= demanding, call out, insisting, #whispering la hét for a place
lethal= deadly, fatal, mortal, poisonous, toxic độc hại auditorium- auditoria (plural) = hall,
miasma = mist, fog, haze khí độc theatre hội trường
toxic = harmful, detrimental, damaging độc hại seat = accommodate, contain, hold, take chỗ
principal= main, major, key, primary yếu tố chính fraction = portion, segment, part, #whole
ngồi
agent = cause, vehicle, driving force tác nhân comparable = similar, equivalent, equal, as
epidemic= the appearance of a particular disease in a good as, #dissimilar tương đồng
large number of people at the same time thảm họa contend (that) = insist, to argue or state that
infection= disease, illness, virus bị nhiễm bệnh something is true tranh cãi
cholera = a serious disease that bệnh tã liability= accountability, legal responsibility,
causes sickness and sometimes death. It is caused by eating obligation, charge tráchnhiệm pháp lý
infected food or drinking infected water. convince= persuade, prove, influence
thuyết
phục
outbreak= suddenly starts to happen sự bùng phát sufficiently = adequately, satisfactorily,
foul= unpleasant, stinking, disgusting, #clean hôi hám suitably, phù hợp, đầy đủ
germ= bacteria, virus, bug vi khuẩn appropriately, #inadequately
driver = cause, reason, source lí do hybrid = combination, mixture, cross con
lai
the prosperous= rich people, the rich, wealthy people,
severe
harsh= hard, serve, tough nghiêm trọng
the wealthy người giàu back-up = something that you can use to
steer clear = to avoid sb or sth implesant or difficult. tránh xa replace something that does not work or is lost
theory = hypothesis, speculation, assumption giả thuyết switched off= to turn off a machine, light,
disprove = invalidate, negate, refute, show to be false, radio etc using a switch
#prove milder= warmer, pleasanter, clement
advocate= support, back, suggest, promote chủ
trương ủng hộrecipe= method, formula, guidelines, công
in somebody’s/something’s wake= behind or after thức
instructions, steps reimagine= reinterpret
someone or something phía sau 1 người (an event, work of art, etc.) imaginatively;
rethink.
10
compelling= convincing, powerful, persuasive, forceful, drive = motivation, effort, ambition động lực
undeniable thuyết phục shot = try, attempt, chance thử
outlook= viewpoint, attitude, view, point of view quan điểm fall short of sth= to be less than
the amount or standard that is needed or that
you want ít
TEST 2 READING PASSAGE 3 forefather= ancestor, forebear, precursor
disorder = chaos, disarrange, mess-up mất trật tự efficiency = competence, productivity, hiệu
structured= arrange, organize, build up có cấu trúc effectiveness widespread= extensive, suất
strategy = plan, scheme, approach, policy, line of prevalent, common, well- known, general,
attack kế hoạch, chiến lược #limited trải rộng
ought to = should, had better, have to nên have been around= to have had experience of
a means = way, method, measure phương pháp many
productive= energetic, generative, effective, profitable có lợi different situations so that you can deal
countless = uncountable, limitless, immeasurable vô
số with new situations confidently
seminar = workshop, meeting, discussion group hội thảo obsession = an extremely unhealthy interest
take place= happen, occur ( especially after being planned in smth or worry about sth, which stops you
or arranged) xảy ra from thinking about anything else. ám ảnh
a paying public= those who buy or purchase misguided= mistaken, unwise, foolish, wrong
something (seminars/ workshops) chi trả cho dịch vụ #wise
rhetoric= speech or writing that is intended to influence theory= concept, hypothesis, philosophy
people, but that is not completely honest or sincere hùng biện assumption= belief, idea, guess, hypothesis,
creep = walk quietly and slowly, tiptoe bò, trườn theory approach= move toward, come close
entrepreneur = businessperson, founder doanh nhân to, come near to.
delight= enjoyment, pleasure, joy, gladness vui order = well-organized state in which
proclaim= announce, declare, assert, state, say publicly tuyên bố everything is controlled, well organized, and
perfectionist= person who likes to do things perfectly correctly arranged
and is not satisfied with anything less foster= encourage, promote, raise,
massively = hugely, enormously, immensely, vastly to lớn #discourage detrimental= harmful,
ironically= paradoxically, oddly, poignantly, fatefully, damaging, negative, unfavorable,
unluckily không may disadvantageous
demographic= data relating to the population and for the sake of smb/smth= in order to help
groups of people in it nhân khẩu học or bring advantage to smb/smth
beg the question= raise a question or point that has diminish= reduce, lessen, weaken, make
not been dealt with đặt câu hỏi smaller, #increase
11
return= profit, gain, earning initially= firstly, originally, in the
a certain extent = partly, but not completely beginning, at first. ban đầu
eventually = finally, ultimately, sooner or later, in the end, facet= aspect, part, sid khía cạnh
#immediately In a …fashion= in a particular
yield= produce, bear, generate, bring in way cách
formally= properly, correctly, officially, legally putting forward = propose,
outweigh= to be more important or valuable than offer, state đưa ra
something else boundary= border, limit,
innovate= to start to use new ideas, methods, or frontier giới hạn
inventions sáng tạo virtual= computer-generated, simulated,
be devoid of sth= without, empty, barren (to be cybernetic, ảo
completely lacking in something) #full #actual
hierarchy= grading, rank, order tôn ti trật tự collaboration = teamwork, partnership,
enable = allow, empower, aid, assist, facilitate, make possible, association sự cộng tác
#prevent facilitate = enable, assist, aid, make easy,
organic = natural, unprocessed, nonchemical, make
#inorganic, #artificial hữu cơ possible, #impede
conventionally= traditionally, conservatively, glue= connect, link, join
normally, # unconventionally, unusually truyền thống jump/climb on the bandwagon= to join
bottleneck = delay, postponement, putting off, others in doing or supporting something
hindrance, impediment điều trở ngại fashionable or likely to be successful đú trend
về khía cạnh nào đó
in terms of sth = in relation to something utility = usefulness, effectiveness, efficiency,
liên quan tới
embrace= accept, include, adopt, support, #exclude chấp nhận value phúc lợi
disorganisation= disorder, incompetence, inefficiency, overuse = the act of using something too
ineffectiveness, #organization, #efficiency k
tổ chức much or too
perception = insight, awareness, view, opinion nhận thức often
as opposed to= versus, contrasted with, as against, compared venerate= revere, respect, admire, look tôn
with trái lại kính
mechanism= procedure, process, system, operation,
vehicle cơ cấu, máy móc
aid = assistance, service, support giúp đỡ
rigid= fixed, inflexible, strict, unbending cứng nhắc
scrap = reject, eliminate, remove loại ra
ownership= the right or state of being an owner quyền sở hữu
12
TEST 3 READING PASSAGE 1 ultimately = eventually, finally, in the end, at last,
unconscious = unaware, insensible, senseless #at first #initially cuối cùng
#consious k nhận thức give rise to = to be the reason why something
notion = idea, thought, concept, perception khái
niệm happens, especially something bad or
implicit = unspoken, indirect, implied, ngầm ẩn unpleasant
rõ
#explicit explicit = clear, obvious, plain #implicit #vague
ràng
theory = hypothesis, assumption, speculation giả thuyết framework = background, outline, context khung
for certain = for sure, certainly, surely chắc chắn defining= decribing, outlining, explaining xác định
address= solve, deal with, tackle. giải quyết Scope = range, scale, extent phạmvi
hiện
conceptualize = to form an idea or principle in phenomenon= occurrence, happening, event tượng
your mind (=theorize, hypothesize) khái niệm hóa Attend to = deal with, tackle đối phó với
as opposed to = used to compare two things and suspect= doubt, question, be suspicious, be wary,
show that they are different from each other, #trust nghi ngờ
contrast with, đối lập, tương phản investigation = analysis, research, examination.
niệmmisleading = deceptive, misrepresenting, deceiving,
conception = belief, idea, view, thought, notion quan
matter = be important, have significant quan trọng confusing, #truthful dối trá
tiết
drive(v) = direct, lead, guide dẫn tới reveal = expose, uncover, bring to light, #conceal.
lộ
perceive = sense, realise, feel, understand, become correspondence = connection, association,
aware of hiểu được correlation. tương xứng, thư trao đổi
evaluate = assess, value, analyze, estimate đánh giá extant = existent, present, existing, in existence,
judgment = assessment, view, decision, conclusion, #lost. hiện có
opinion possibility = probability, chance, prospect khả
năng
determine = decide, resolve, influence xác định take into account = take into consideration,
willing = ready, eager, keen, #reluctant, #unwilling consider, keep in mind xem xét
various = several, numerous, many, a number of, in need of = need, require cần
#few supplementation = the act of adding something to
perform = make, do, implement làm something else in order to improve or complete
cognitive = reasoning, mental, intellectual, it. bổ sung
rationnal nhận thức expansion = increase, extension, growth mở rộng
on the basis of = based on, by reason of, because construct = concept, hypothesis, theory
of, on account of dựa trên elucidate = explain, clarify, reveal, make clear,
in sum = in brief, in short, in summary tóm lại interpret, #confuse giải thích
in the course of = during, throughout, in trong quá trìnhcross-cultural = multicultural, multiethnic,
investigator = detective, researcher nhà điều tra cosmopolitan đa văn hóa
expectation = hope, prospect, probability, avail one’s self of smt=to make use of smt
anticipation hy vọng accomplishment = achievement, triumph,
intellectual = knowledgeable, academic, highbrow, success. thành tựu
intelligent. trí óc, trí thức accomplish = achieve, complete, finish, do,
performance = the way that someone does their job, undertake, get done, carry out, pull off đạt
được
and how well they do it thể hiện extent = level, range, degree, scope mức độ
kích thích, thúc đẩy
differ = vary, be different, diverge, be unlike nhiều, đa foster = promote, encourage, cultivate, # discourage
dạng
function(n) = purpose, role, utility mục tiêu to make use of = use, take advantage of, avail of,
major = main, prime, key, #minor chính utilize tận dụng
khả
as a whole = all together, as a group, as one, all in all tất cả competency = capability, ability, skill, # inabilitynăng
strictly = exactly, precisely, accurately chính xác jury = a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to
loosely = freely, roughly, #firmly, #strictly. tự do, lỏng lẻo
the details of a case in court and decide whether
philosophy = idea, viewpoint, belief triết lý someone is guilty or not ban bồi thẩm
statesman (plural: statesmen) = an experienced democracy = a situation or system in which
politician, especially one who is respected for everyone is equal and has the right to vote, make
making good judgments. chính khách decisions etc dân chủ
keep somebody in line = keep under intersubstitutable= capable of being substituted
control, govern, control kiểm soát for each other.
term = word, phrase, expression điều khoản specialised = particular, specific, focused,
emergence = appearance, occurrence, development. concentrated, #generalised.
IQ (intelligence quotient) = a total score derived Institution = organization, foundation, school.
from several standardized tests designed to assess favour sth over sth = choose, support, prefer,
human intelligence promote, benefit, #reject
elite = upper class, superior, first class (a group of consider = respect, take into account, bear in mind.
people who have a lot of power serve = function, work, perform
and influence because they have money, underlying = fundamental, basic, core, main cơ bản
knowledge, or special skills) presupposition = assumption,
take responsibility for the= something that it supposition, hypothesis. giả định
is your job or duty to deal with experimental = trial, new, tentative thí nghiệm
vô trách
irresponsible = careless, imprudent # responsible nhiệm scholar = professor, intellectual, researcher,
mass = majority, main part, largest part đa số specialist học giả
chaos = disorder, confusion, mess #order assumption = hypothesis, theory, supposition, belief
equal = equivalent, the same, alike #unequal công bằng likely = probable, possible, expected, prospective,
necessarily = essentially, automatically, certainly cần thiết#unlikely
miss the point of = to not understand the main
point of what someone is saying k hiểu nhau

TEST 3 READING PASSAGE 2

bug= insect, pest. côn trùng ancient= earliest, primeval, prehistoric, age-old,
potential= prospect, possibility, capability. tiềmnăng #modern, #contemporary cổ xưa
pharmaceutical= medicinal, medical, therapeutic, thuốc ancestor= predecessor, forefather, forebear,
curative. derive= originate, come from, develop, bắt nguồn#descendant tổ tiên
obtain, draw from. compound = complex, mixture, grasp = understanding, knowledge, awareness,
mix, combination. phức tạp perception, sense hiểu
look to sb for sth = to hope that someone will build on = use your achievements as a base for
provide something for you mong đợi further development
soothing = reducing, alleviating, lessening, easing làm nhẹ foundation = basis, groundwork, base, underpinning
curing = healing, treating, alleviating, restore to perfect = achieve, reach the summit of, top off,
health, #exacerbating điều trị improve thành tựu
ailment= disease, illness, sickness bệnh extraction= the process of removing or obtaining
primate = a member of the group of animals that something from something else. chiết xuất
includes humans and monkeys bộ linh trưởng characterisation= description, classification,
rub = apply, smear, spread cọ xát account, categorisation. đặc điểm
toxin = poison, venom, contaminant chất độc modification = alternation, adjustment, variation,
ooze = if a thick liquid oozes from something or if change thay thế
something oozes a thick liquid, that liquid flows laboratory = a room or building with equipment
from it very slowly rò rỉ for doing scientific tests
millipede (milledepe) = a long thin creature with a from scratch = from the beginning, square one, from
very large number of legs ĐV nhiều chân the ground up, initially bắt đầu
deter = prevent, discourage, put off, #encourage. ngăn
cảnshift= change, move, modification thay đổi
noxious = toxic, lethal, harmful # harmless chất độc promising = hopeful, shows potential, hy vọng
to rid themselves of= overcome vượt qua #disappointing
intestinal = relating to the intestines (= a long tube far from easy = difficult, challenging, tough, hard,
through which food travels from the stomach and out complex, #simple, #easy khó
of the body while it is being digested) ruột secure = make safe, safeguard, lock. an toàn
parasite= a plant or animal that lives on or in sufficient = enough, adequate, # đủ
another plant or animal and gets food from it kí sinh trùnginadequate organism = creature, life sinh vật
form, living thing (smth) in question= firmly = strongly, decisively, determinedly, #loosely
smth is being discussed đang đặt câu hỏi put smt back on the map = to make a thing,
isolate = separate, set apart, segregate, detach, cô lập person, or place famous làm cho nổi tiếng
#include characterise = distinguish, exemplify, phân biệt undisputed= unquestionable, undeniable, k thể
indicate, set apart hurdle = obstacle, difficulty, undoubted, acknowledged, #questionable. nào cãi
barrier, block. khó khăn, rào cản master = ruler, owner, chief ông chủ
laboratory-based drug = drugs that are terrestrial = earthly, underground, relating to
thuộc
về đất
synthetized in laboratory thuốc nghiên cứu in lab the earth. domain= area, field, territory. đất đai
varying = changing, shifting, altering, changeable, occupy= inhabit, live in, reside in, dominate, #vacate
erratic, #constant sự thay đổi niche = place, position, area. thị trường nhỏ, ngõ
prompt = stimulate, urge, encourage, provoke, bewildering = confusing, baffling, puzzling
inspire, motivate, #prevent thúc đẩy perplexing, mystifying, #clear bối rối
approach = method, methodology, tactic cách tiếp cận an array of = a wild range of, a number of, many,
mine= excavate, dig, extract đào mỏ various, quite a lot hàng loạt
genome = all the genes in one cell of living tất
cả bộ gen interaction= communication, collaboration
thing. compound= combination, mixture, hợp chất relations, connection. tương tác
complex barely = hardly, just, only, just evolution=development, growth, progress,
about hiếm khi advancement, #regression tiến hóa
scratch the surface = to deal with only a very small enormous = huge, vast, giant, massive, gigantic,
part of a subject or problem giải quyết phần ngọn #tiny. khổng lồ
phòng thủ
molecular= relating to molecules, which are the defensive= self-protective, defending, shielding,
tấn
simplest units of a chemical substance phân tử fortified offensive= attacking, violent, aggressive côg
diversity= variety, range, assortment, multiplicity. đa dạngexceed = surpass, go over, go beyond, go above.vượt
looming = threatening, alarming, frightening, scary, far and away = used to say that something is
coming up làm cho hoảng sợ much better, worse etc than anything bỏ xa
crisis (plural: crises) = disaster, catastrophe, else in existence = existing, extant, sự tồn tại
trouble, emergency, calamity. khủng hoảng #lost therapeutic = healing, curative, chữa trị
antibiotic= a drug that is used to kill bacteria #preventive
and cure infections kháng sinh proportion= amount, quantity, percentage %
resistance = refusing, refusal to accept, refusal to go investigate= look into something, explore, probe.
along with, # acceptance từ chối, chống cự identified = recognized, known, acknowledged
kháng khuẩn
bioprospecting = the process of discovery antimicrobial= able to destroy harmful microbes
and commercialization of new products based on which are small living things that can cause disease)
thuộc nhà ruồi
biological resources. nghiên cứu sinh học blow fly = a fly that lays its eggs on meat or wounds
larvae= young insect, worms, maggots ấu trùng target = direct, aim, point, focus mục tiêu
antiviral = an antiviral drug or treatment is used to creature = animal, living being, living thing SV
cure an infection or disease caused by a virus.kháng virussecrete= release, produce, ooze
antitumor = inhibiting the growth of a tumor or poison = toxin, venom, contagion, toxic substance
tumors chống khối u subdue = defeat, control
agent = a chemical or substance that is used for a prey = quarry, victim, target #predator, #hunter.
particular purpose or that has a particular tác nhân consumption = feeding, use, eating. ăn
effect potent= strong, powerful, effective, có hiệu lực exploit = use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of,
#weak venom= poison, toxin, #antidote chất độc make the most of, #waste khai thác
wasp = bee, large bee ong filthy=dirty, muddy, messy, grubby, #clean dơbẩn
relatively = comparatively, quite, somewhat liên quan habitat= living environment, surrounding. mtrgsốg
bioprospecting = the scientific study of plants faces=mine=the part of a mine from which coal,
and other living things in order to discover new stone, etc is cut đối
mặt với, đào bới
drugs that can be used as medicines carcass = corpse, cadaver, dead body xác chết
vi SV
manner = way, style, method, means microorganism = germ, virus, bacteria deal with=
gây bệnh
daunting= difficult, tough. khó solve, tackle, cope with, handle pathogenic= able to
gland = an organ of the body or of a plant that tuyến cause disease. inspire = motivate, encourage,
secretes liquid chemicals that have various purposes stimulate
sx
secrete = release, produce, ooze, #absorb. obtain đạt points someone in the right direction = to give one
=gain, find, acquire, achieve, get hold of subsequent nối tiếp
advice or information that helps guide them toward a
= following, successive, later reality = real life, hiện thực desired outcome or course of action chỉ hướng đi
actuality, the real world ubiquity= popular, khắp mọi nơiassociate with = relate to, accompany, mix, consort
common, all over the place vast = massive, to lớn with liên quan
considerable, limitless, #small snip out = extract, cut chiết xuất
encounter = meet, see, come across, run into, come stretch= part, section, bit kéo giãn
upon, stumble upon, #avoided gặp insert = add, include, make the addition of, #extract
tế bào
rear = raise, nurture, look after, take care of, chăm sóc cell line = a cell culture developed from a single cell
#neglect captivity= cage, prison, custody, #freedom giam and therefore consisting of cells with a uniform
cầm
insufficient= not enough, inadequate, deficient, in genetic makeup. isolate = separate, detach, cut off,
phân biệt
short supply, lacking, #sufficient k đủ set apart, #include characterise= distinguish, typify,
approach= method, methodology, technique, exemplify, set apart
procedure, tactic tiếp cận desirable = wanted, needed, necessary, required,
ecology= ecosystem, bionetwork, biology, #undesirable ước mong
environmental science, natural science hệ sinh thái
commercial=profitable, trade, marketable, saleable, #destruction
profit- making, #charitable thương mại sincerely = genuinely, truthfully, seriously,
pitfall= difficulty, trap khó khăn earnestly, really, from the bottom of one’s heart,
derive=originate, develope, come from #insincerely chân thành
precedent = something of the same type that has seemingly = apparently, on the face of it,
happened or existed before biết trước superficially có
vẻ như
vì quyền lợi của ai đó
wilderness = a large area of land that has never for one’s own sake = in order to help or bring
been developed or farmed hoang dã advantage to someone (=for one’s good or benefit)
deprive of = take, remove, withdraw, take away, lấy đi shine a light = make it clear, brighten, give an
#provide groundbreaking= revolutionary, explanation, investigate, clarify chiếu ánh sáng
pioneering, innovative, leading-edge đột phá the recesses of = a secret or hidden place chỗ ẩn
conservation= preservation, protection, cabinet= piece of furniture with shelves, cupboards,
maintenance, sự bảo tồn or drawers, used for storing or showing things tủ

TEST 3 READING PASSAGE 3

regulate = control, adjust, set, standardise quy định representational
lay = place, put, set, pick up đặt ra broad = wide-ranging, wide, general, large,
foundation = basis, base, footing, underpinning nền tảng #restricted,#narrow rộng lớn
figure out = work out, understand, discover, solve, criterion – criteria (plural) = principle, norm,
realise tìm ra, giải quyết standard,measure, condition. điều kiện
negotiation = cooperation, compromise, capture = catch, seize, get, acquire, obtain. bắt lấy
bản chất
intervention, sự thương lượng essence = spirit, core, principle, fundamental nature
discussion, finding the middle ground, contemporary = modern, current, present-day,
#confrontation modern- day, up-to-date, existing, #old đương đại
repertoire = range, list, group, series danh
sách criteria = standards, principles, measurestiêuchuẩn
consensus = agreement, harmony, accord sự đồng lòng spontaneously = naturally, freely, unexpectedly,
elude = escape, avoid. trốn thoát unprompted, all of a sudden, #deliberately tự phát
theorist = philosopher, theoretician, thinker, truth- for one’s own sake = in order to help or bring
seeker,#realist nhà lý luận advantage to someone vì quyền lợi của ai
range from = vary from, differ from, diverge from khác biệtspecifically= particularly, specially, purposely,
discrete = separate, distinct, detached, isolated, precisely, đặc biệt, cụ thể
unconnected. riêng lẻ purposeless = senseless, meaningless k mục đích
symbolic = representative, figurative, emblematic, biểu tượng
pleasure = amusement, recreation, leisure, lack = dearth, shortage, deficiency, absence,
relaxation, niềm vui insufficiency, #abundance #surplus thiếu
happiness, enjoyment, satisfaction obvious = clear, noticeable, apparent,
#displeasure mastery = proficiency, sự nắm vững recognizable,#obscure. rõ ràng
knowledge, ability, capability quoted = aspect = feature, facet, part. khía cạnh
repeated, refer to, recited, mentioned trích dẫn, báo giá perspective = view, viewpoint, thought, point of
arise from = result from, be the result of, be caused view quna điểm, nhận thức
by,stem from, come from nảy sinh từ blend = mix, combine, merge. trộn
intrinsic = natural, innate, genuine, fundamental, motive = reason, purpose, motivation, intention,
basic,inherent bản chất drive,#deterrent động cơ
continuum = range, band, field thể liên tục hybrid = cross, mixture, mix, fusion. lai
the set of smt = a group of things that belong detriment = disadvantage, harm, damage,
together or are used together 1 bộ #advantage,#benefit bất lợi
dispositional = related to personality, character, optimal = finest, prime, most favorable, best
instinct tính cách possible,most advantageous, #worst. tối ưu
pleasurable = satisfying, enjoyable, good fun, engage in= involve, take part tgia
pleasing,pleasant vui vẻ mid-point = a point half the distance along
engage in = participate in, take part in, do, involve in tgia something such as a line
satisfaction=fulfilment, enjoyment, pleasure, couple with = together with, in addition to, as
contentment, enjoyment, #dissatisfaction. hài lòng well as
khỏe, chắc
extrinsically = coming from outside or not directly robust = healthy, vigorous, strong, forceful, #weak
relating to something bên ngoài critically = significantly, vitally, importantly, ctrich
oriented = directed towards or interested in essentially, crucially, seriously, #insignificantlyqtrog
something định hướng facilitate = aid, assist, accelerate, make easy,
literal = factual, truthful, honest, exact #fictional theo make possible, smooth the progress of, thúc đẩy
nghĩa đen
make-believe = fantasy, pretense, role-playing, #impede.
#reality giả vờ maintain = keep, sustain, conserve, preserve,
range = vary, alternate, fluctuate, extend 1 dãy #destroy duy trì
assign = allocate, select and give a responsibility chỉ định approach = method, methodology, tactic.
dimension = aspect, element, facet, feature, interaction =communication, contact,
factor,component kích cỡ collaboration tương tác
determine = identify, find out, specify xác định role = function, responsibility, task, part
process orientation = emphasize or focus on character
process, system or procedure quy trình định hướng
vary = differ, diverge, be different, alter, TEST 4 READING PASSAGE 1
fluctuate thay đổi native = resident, local, aboriginal #foreign ng bản
enrich = enhance, augment, improve. làm giàu ant= a small insect that lives in large groups
xứ
promote = support, foster, encourage, help, thúc đẩy immortal = eternal, undying, endless. bất
tử
#suppress aging= the process of growing old lão hóa
curriculum = set of courses, program of study, youngster = younger ants kiến nhỏ
syllabus ctrinh học sharp = intelligent #dull #stupid
co-player = teammate, ally, partner fellow player
đồng
decline = fall, decrease, weaken # increase
nghiệp
thoughtful = thorough, deep, considerate chu đáo thesis = long piece of writing that you do as part of
comment = remark, mention, state, point out an advanced university degree such as an MA or a
discovery = exploration, breakthrough, invention, PhD luận văn
finding khám phá defying = disobey, break a law, flout f#obey
exploration = discovery, adventure, searching.khám phá feat = achievement, accomplishment thành tựu
facet = aspect, feature, component, factor, side, rare= uncommon, unusual, occasional #common
surface mặt, khía cạnh naked = nude, unclothed, stripped, undressed
somewhat = partly, slightly, to some extent, to a #covered trần trụi
certain degree hơi hơi mole = a small dark furry animal which is almost
centered = focused, concentrated, highlighted, blind. moles usually live under the ground. chuột
examined, targeted trung tâm stay fit = keep fit, keep in shape chũi
stem from sth = arise from, originate from, come reproduce = breed, give birth to, procreatetái sx, đẻ
from,derive from, develop from, be a result of, be cancer = a very serious disease in which cells in
caused by bắt nguồn từ one part of the body start to grow in a way that is
desire = wish, want, longing, craving ước muốn not normal ung thư
essential = vital, fundamental basic elemental vast = huge, enormous, immense, massive #small lớn
crucial important unnecessary cần thiết majority = popular, common #minority phổ biến
element = component, factor, part yếu tố deteriorate = decline, worsen, weaken tệ hại hơn
autonomy = independence, self-rule, self- creature = animal, insect, living thing sinh vật
government,#dependence tự kỷ colonies = group, association, society bầy đàn
avenue = opportunity, possibility, chance đại lộ, cơ hội complexity = intricacy, complication #simplicity
educator = teacher, instructor, coach, mentor, trait= attribute, character, feature, personality đặc
educationalist người hướng dẫn by contrast = alternatively, on the other hand, điểm
as
predominantly = mainly, mostly, largely, opposed to, different ngược lại
ruồi giấm
principally, for the most part partially phần lớn, fruit fly= a small fly that eats fruit or decaying plants
chủ yếu isolated= separated, lonely, solitary, friendless cô
lập
lab= laboratary, workroom, test center phòng process = handle, deal with, manage xử lý
thí nghiệm
độ dày, dày đặc
typically = commonly, usually, normally. tiêu biểu density= intensity, concentration, extent, degree
range = variety, serries, collection phạm vi synaptic (adj) = related to the place where nerve
estimate = assess, value, appraise ước tính
kỳ tiếp hợp
track= follow, chase, pursue theo dõi
pupa= an insect at the stage before it becomes
adult, when it is protected by a special cover con nhộng
watch = observe, survey, examine quan sát
colony= a group of animals or plants of the
same type that are living together bầy đàn, thuộc địa
attend to sb/sth= to deal with business
or personal matters đối phó với
carry = to be pregnant with a child mang bầu
telltale = revealing, divulging, indicative #hidden làm lộ
scent= the smell of a particular animal or person
that some other animals can follow mùi thơm
trail = path, line, way con đường
react to= respond, alter, retort #ignore phản ứng
prey = an animal that is hunted and eaten by
another animal # predator con mồi
tether = tie, fasten, secure, rope #untie cột
poorly = disappointingly, badly #well tệ hại
caretaker= someone who looks after other people,
especially a teacher, parent, nurse etc người chăm sóc
counterpart = equivalent, colleague, equal đối tác
aggressively= violently, hostilely, forcefully #mildly bạo lực, hung hăng
flare = if a person or animal flares their nostrils
(=the openings at the end of the nose), their nostrils
become wider because they are angry lổ mũi
mandible= jaw, jawbone, mouth, mouthpiece hàm dưới
identify= find, recognize, classify nhận định
specific = particular, certain, exclusive #general cụ thể
function= purpose, role, job chức năng
structure = constitute, construct, form cấu trúc
cells meet, especially in the brain senescene = becoming old and showing the
complex = an emotional problem in which effects of getting older
someone raise = produce, create, cause
is unnecessarily anxious about something or stay in good shape = keep fit, get fit, keep in
thinks too much about something works, shape
systems phức tạp deteriorate = get worse, go down,
region= area, zone, place khu vực degenerate, decline tệ hại
neuron = a type of cell that makes up the predator= an animal that kills and eats other
nervous system and sends messages to animals #prey
other parts of the body or the brain harsh=severe = harsh conditions are difficult
drop = reduction, decrease, decline làm giảm to live khắc nghiệt
serotonin = a chemical in the body that helps in and very uncomfortable
carry messages from the brain and is suffer = experience, undergo, bear, endure hứng chịu
believed to make you feel happy steep= dramatic, sharp, extreme
dopamine = a hormone (= chemical for sure = certainly, definitely
substance) that extend= spread, broaden, expand mở rộng
is made naturally in the body and may also be insect = bug, pest, creature
given as a drug entomologist= a scientist who studies insects
coincide with = to happen at the same time as unique= sole, exclusive, distinctive #common độc đáo
something else, especially by chance trùng hợp represent = signify, characterize, denote,
link to = connect, relate, combine #seperate kết nối symbolize đại diện
look at = search, study, investigate, broad = wide, large, big rộng lớn
explore nghiên cứu pattern= example, modal, prototype mẫu
thoroughly= comprehensively, clue= sign, hint, cue, evidence đầu mối
completely, carefully, meticulously hoàn toàn
publish = issue, print, distribute xuất bản
finding = discovery, conclusion, result tài liệu TEST 4 READING PASSAGE 2
proceeding = an event or a series of things starvation = hunger, famine, food shortage,
that lack of food chết đói
happen cách tiến hành jaws= the mouth of a person or animal,
mixed = varied, diverse, assorted trộn especially a dangerous animal hàm
biologist= a scientist who studies or works in nasty= dangerous, painful, horrible #slightbẩn thỉu
biology nhà sinh học serve = perform, do, achieve, fulfill phục vụ
aid = support, help, encourage hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ
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conservation= preservation, protection, detailed = thorough, comprehensive, complete chi tiết
maintenance bảo tồn impressive = remarkable, extraordinary,
colossal= huge, massive, gigantic, exciting ấn tượng
enormous #tiny khổng lồ #unimpressive
extinct = inexistent, vanished, defunct, specimen= sample, example, case mẫu vật
dead tuyệt chủng on display = something that is on display is in
threaten = frighten, intimidate, warn đe dọa a public
risk = suffer from, endanger, jeopardize. rủi ro place where people can look at it (= on show) trưng bày
extinction = disappearance, loss, creature= animal, living thing, being động vật
extermination, death sự tuyệt chủng in the flesh = in person, in real life, in actual
collapse = illness, injury, breakdown sự sụp đổ life thịt
sudden = unexpected, rapid, quick #gradually đột absorb = learn, understand, get hiểu được
ngột
dramatic = remarkable, impressive, perspective= aspect, viewpoint,
extraordinary đột ngột perception khía cạnh
captivity = when a person or animal appreciation = thankfulness, gratitude,
is kept in a prison, cage #freedom sự giam cầm recognition, gratefulness đánh giá cao
breed = have babies, reproduce, procreate, contribute= support, aid, impact, participate đóng góp
propagate nhân giống take place = happen, occur xảy ra
reservoir= a large amount of something that is communicate= reveal, transmit, convey giao tiếp
available lacking = absent, missing #present thiếu
and has not yet been used sophisticated= complicated, advanced,
population crash = a sudden decline in the complex, detailed phức tạp
numbers of individual members in a outreach = when help, advice, or other
population services are provided for people who would
reintroduce = restore, reinstate, not otherwise get these services easily
bring back sự giới thiệu lại keeper = guard, caretaker, ranger
reserve
boost = increase, improve, enhance tăng reverse = an area of land where wild animals
#reduce and plants are protected
be few and far between = to be rare hiếm thereby= as a result, consequently, by that
prove= show, demonstrate, confirm chứng minh restore= bring back, recover,
initiative= plan, program, project, scheme, reestablish phục hồi
idea kế hoạch ecosystem= environment,
beyond= other than, beside vượt ra ngoài bionetwork, ecology hệ sinh thái
documentary = film, movie, biography phim tài react = respond, answer, reply phản hồi
liệu 51
undertake= accept, embark on, carry on, take conflict= disagreement, dispute, oppose k đồng ý
on base = foundation, root, source, origin nền tảng
variable= change (n) habitat= home, territory, locale, environmentmôi trường
oestrus cycle = the period in the sexual cycle destruction = ruin, damage, devastation sự phá hủy
of female mammals, except the higher #construction
primates, during which they are in heat—i.e., ongoing = continuing, constant, incomplete tiếp tục
ready to accept a male and to mate động thai #finished
breeding rate = birth rate tỉ lệ sinh global = worldwide, international #local toàn cầu
procedure= method, process, course of action
thủ tụcessential = fundamental, basic, main, principal cơ bản
capture= arrest, detain, imprison long-term = long-standing, lasting, durable dài
bolster= boost, strengthen, improve, #short-term
enhance, fortify tăng lên survival= existence, persistence #death sự sống sót
dose = the amount of a medicine or a drug numerous = many, various, several #few nhiều
that you should take liều thuốc vital= essential, crucial, critical quan trọng
anaesthetic = a substance that makes you in terms of = with regard to, as to, in
unable to feel pain: gây tê connection with. liên quan tới
experience = knowledge, skill, practice, inform = tell, notify, update, apprise thông báo
understanding có kinh nghiệm assist = help, support, aid giúp đỡ
handle = control, treat, manage, deal with giảiquyếtaccept = consent, acknowledge #reject # deny chấp nhận
transport = move, bring, carry, transfer di chuyển conscious= aware, understanding, mindful nhận thức
reduction = decrease, drop, fall, decline giảm

TEST 4 READING PASSAGE 3

trash = garbage, waste, rubbish, junk strikingly = noticeably, outstandingly,
prove = show, demonstrate, verify unusually
remaining= the remaining people or things investigation= study, search, examination,
are those that are left when the others have analysis
gone, been used, or been dealt with mussel = a small sea animal, with a soft body
weakness = limitation, drawback, flaw, fault that can be eaten and a black shell that is
validity= a conclusion, reason…that is based divided into two parts
on what is reasonable or sensible ingest= swallow, consume, absorb, eat
faulty= incorrect, defective, flawed. microscopic = tiny, minute, atomic, mini
statistic= number, figure, measurement, fact #gigantic
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bloodstream = the blood flowing in your creature = animal, living thing, being
body individual= singular, personal,
stress out = worry, bother, hassle #relax characteristic
shellfish = an animal that lives in water, has a tissue = the material forming animal or
shell, and can be eaten as food, for example, plant cells
crabs, lobsters, and oysters cell = group, unit, section
bothersome= annoying, lab = laboratory, workshop, test center
troublesome, inconvenient concentration= the amount of a substance in a
look at = study, investigate, liquid or in another substance
examine turtle = a large reptile with a hard round shell,
involve= contain, include, consist that
of lives in the sea
entangle= (to cause something the rest of = what is left after everything or
to become caught in something such as a net or everyone else has gone, been used, dealt with,
ropes) twist, tangle, trap or mentioned
severely= harshly, strictly, brutally, #gently relevant= related, pertinent #unrelated
injure = hurt, harm, wound, damage disaster = tragedy, catastrophe, calamity
microplastic = extremely small pieces of tanker = a vehicle or ship specially built to
plastic that are harmful to the environment carry large quantities of gas or liquid,
ingredient= component, element, thing, part especially oil
cosmetic= creams, powders, etc that you use spill = leak, drop, fall, drip #absorb
on your face and body in order to look more cargo= the goods carried in a ship or plane
attractive prevent= stop, avoid, block, inhibit #permit
toiletries= things such as soap and figure out = understand, discover, work out,
toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself solve
fiber = a mass of threads used to make rope, attention = mind, concentration, awareness,
cloth, etc consideration
shed= drop, cast, discard dramatic = impressive, extraordinary,
synthetic = artificial, fake, manmade #natural remarkable
erode = corrode, destroy, wear down patch = area, space, plot of land
remnant = remainder, leftover, residue conjure st up= to make something appear
investigate = look into something, explore, as a picture in your mind = evoke.
probe vast = huge, massive, enormous #small
cutoff = limit, end.
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float = to stay or move on the surface of a
liquid without sinking
in reality = really, actually, in fact
surface = outside, shell, façade
sail = to travel on or across an area of water in
a boat or ship
mechanical = affecting or involving a
machine
simulation= model, imitation, virtual
reality
strategically= deliberately, intentionally,
purposefully
shore = coast, seashore, coastline
clear up = explain, elaborate, solve.
misperception= misunderstanding,
confusion
perception = view, opinion, assessment
interrogate = question, interview, probe= to
ask someone a lot of
questions for a long time in order to get
information, sometimes using threats
literature= all the books, articles, etc on a
particular subject
address = tackle, focus, deal with #ignore
be better off = to be in a better situation, if or
after something happens
absorb = if something absorbs light, heat,
energy, or noise, it takes it in.

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