ILOCOS SUR

POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
Basic table setting

Setting the table influences: of the food served sets the tone/feeling of the meal makes
people feel importantThere are three components of a place setting: Dinnerware—
plates, cups, bowls, saucers, platters and other serving pieces Flatware—butter,
dinner and steak/Fish knives; salad/dessert, dinner forks; soup, dessert and
teaspoons Glassware—water goblet, milk and wine glasses, and sherbet glass

1. 2. Cover - arrangement of a place setting for one person; dinner plate is

generallyin the middle of the cover. Allow 20 -24 inches of space for each
cover.Set the table with what is needed for the meal. Flatware is arranged in
theorder it is used, starting at the outside and working toward the center.There
are 6 rules in proper dinnerware placement: 1. Allow 20-24” for each place
setting with the plate in the middle. 2. The rule of thumb: the plate should be 1”
from the table edge (use thumb). 3. Bread/butter plate—top left, above the
salad plate. 4. Salad plate—lower left, above the napkin. 5. Soup bowl—on
plate or separate. 6. Cup/saucer—separate or glassware.There are differences
in flatware: 1. Soup spoon—larger than teaspoon 2. Salad/dessert fork—
smaller than dinner fork 3. Butter knife—shape and size smaller than dinner
knifeThere are 4 rules in proper flatware placement: 1. Also a rule of thumb—
place items 1 to 1 1/2 ” from the table edge so that handles are lined up and the
utensils are even with the plate. 2. Forks—to the left of the plate; dessert fork is
sometimes placed above the center of the plate Knives, spoons—to the right of
the plate; dessert spoon is sometimes placed above the center of the plate 3.
Arrange flatware in order of use, from outside toward plate—(salad fork at the
left of the dinner fork if the salad is the first course, otherwise, to the right of the
dinner fork if the salad is served with dinner) 4. Forks—tines up Knives—sharp
cutting edge toward plate Spoons—bowls up Butter knife—on bread/butter
plateThere are rules of glassware placement: 1. Water goblet at the tip of the
knife blade. 2. Other beverage glasses at right of goblet and slightly forward in
a diagonal. NOTE: cup and saucer—lower right. 3. If glassware contents are
cold, serve with saucer to catch moisture condensation.Placement of the
napkin: 1. Left of the forks 2. Center of the dinner plate or cover 3. In the water
goblet
2. 3. The napkin is placed so that when it is removed, it will not disturb any ofthe
flatware!EtiquetteTable etiquette - courtesy shown by good manners at meals.
Table mannersreflect part of your personality to others; makes eating a
pleasant experience foreveryone, most rules of etiquette involve common
sense and consideration ofother people.Common Rules of Etiquette: Sit down
from the left side of your chair Assist with passing of foods when appropriate;
pass to the right Use flatware from the outside in Napkin place on lap before
starting to eat; cover your mouth and nose if you must cough or sneeze leave
on your chair if leaving the table and returning during a meal leave to the left of
the plate when finished with the meal When eating with a small group wait until
everyone is served before eating Follow actions of host/hostess as a guide
when dining in someone’s home Avoid talking with food in your mouth; chew

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
with your mouth closed Cut food into pieces as you eat; cut into small bite-size
pieces; but meat one bite at a time Sit up straight; avoid leaning on elbows
while eating Place spoon on soup plate rather than the bowl/cup when finished
eating Place the knife and fork on the plate with the handles parallel to the edge
of the table when finished eating Break one piece of bread/roll and butter one
piece at a time Place butter on your own plate before buttering your
bread/rollSummary: If you apply basic principles of setting the table, table
service and mannersyou can create a pleasant atmosphere so that your
relationships and appearanceof food are enhanced. Good manners show
respect for others. Besides eating, these things should also be taking place at
the table: Communication via conversation Relationship development Values
development (I

Kitchen Design / Kitchen Cabinet Design

 Creating a great kitchen is a lot like creating a great meal, we much begin
with a good recipe, use top quality ingredients and execute the plan carefully
and skilfully. Properly planning a new kitchen or remodelling a kitchens
important as choosing the right materials and installing them precisely. Don’t
start choosing with any materials or appliances until you have estimated your
entire budget and carefully measured your space. Consider hiring a experience
and professional kitchen designer to assist you during this very important stage
– he/she will have insights into how best use your space, tips for creating a
functional and beautiful area, kitchen cabinet (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) and
ideas for stretching your budget as far as it will go.
 Designing Your Kitchen Space
A few things to keep in mind; Make sure that nothing obstructs the flow of traffic
within the kitchen work triangle. When you are designing your kitchen cabinet, the
key word is frontage – the width of the front of all your units combined. You will
need at least 125 inches (318 cm) of frontage for smaller kitchen (less than 150
square feet), large rooms can afford more. Countertops should be 36 inches (91
cm) high.You can install a few sections at higher or lower levels to suit tall short or
tall cooks, but keep most of the counters at standard height. Don’t tuck your oven
(or other appliances) in to a corner, you will need a bit space on both sides of the
open door to access things on the counter. Think about whether you will want a
single, double or even triple basin on a layout, the number of basins will affect the
sink’s overall size.
1. 5. Kitchen Cabinet General Kitchen Styles Kitchen Island Kitchen
Remodeling Ideas Kitchen Cabinet Color Cabinetry Worksheet
2. 6. Kitchen Design Layout Kitchen Work Triangles Single Line / One Wall
Kitchen Design Layout L-Shape Kitchen Design Layout U-Shape Kitchen
Design Layout Parallel Kitchen Design Layout I-Shape with Island
3. 7. Kitchen Tips Tips to Select a Good Kitchen Cabinet Tips for Kitchen
Renovation / Kitchen Remodeling Tips to create a Small Kitchen Steps to
Plan a Good Kitchen
4. 8. General

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
5. 9. General In Malaysia (especially Kuala Lumpur), kitchen is defined by
cabinetry (kitchen cabinet), the configuration of units creates the workstation
and determines the traffic flow, the features of the units introduce functionality
and storage and the style of the kitchen cabinet sets the tone for the entire
kitchen. Kitchen cabinet (cooking cabinet) normally will be used 50% of the
kitchen renovation budget. It is important to choose your kitchen cabinets
carefully, whether you are using them to create a simple galley-style layout or
an elaborate live-in kitchen complete with a huge island for both preparing and
enjoying meals. When it comes to kitchen cabinets (cooking cabinets) and
countertops, we much consider both form and function. Our units be durable,
as kitchen cabinets and countertops will be open, closed, slammed, leaned
upon, soiled, cleaned and recoiled several times each day. Some of the
industry’s most popular and attractive kitchen cabinet (cooking cabinet)
materials are also most durable. Solid oak, maple and cherry remain the most
popular wood for kitchen cabinets and butcher-block, tile and laminate make
beautiful and functional countertops. More modern finish, such as stainless
steel and solid surfacing, are also attractive and sensible choices for kitchen
cabinets.
6. 10. General
7. 11. General Kitchen cabinets provide our kitchen with a huge degree of visual
impact, kitchen cabinets create storage solutions and kitchen cabinets integrate
our appliances with the rest of the room. Cabinetry can use half of our kitchen
budget. We use kitchen cabinets every day, selecting durable and attractive
kitchen cabinets should be a top priority. We will be considering varied sizes
and shapes of kitchen cabinets, such as wall cabinets, which are those
attached to the upper portion of the wall, base cabinets, which rest on the floor
and rise to about waist level, and tall cabinets, which run from the floor up 5
feet (1.52m) and above.
8. 12. Kitchen Styles We have the freedom to choose between hundreds of
kitchen cabinets design, countertops, range hoods and other appliances in
order to develop our own unique kitchen. If we are not sure where to begin or
do not know the various kitchen styles, appliances and furnishings work in
accordance with one another, visit kitchen website, read magazine and pictures
of existing kitchen styles can be a great source of ideas. Within each style, we
have freedom to personalize their settings to suit our needs. By learning more
and more about kitchen design, we will eventually discover the kitchen style
that best suits to our personality, home and family.
9. 13. Traditional Kitchen Style Picture from www.kitchens.com
10. 14. Traditional Kitchen Style Common traditional styles include black and
white checkered flooring, wood floors, cherry wood kitchen cabinet with green
marble counters and even all-white designs with blue accents. When choosing
appliances, black and stainless steel work with both cherry and white
cabinetry. Please visit following to know more about traditional kitchen style .
Traditional Kitchens Photo Gallery at kitchens.com. Traditional Kitchen Styles
at kitchensource.com.
11. 15. Country Kitchen Style

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
12. 16. Country Kitchen Style Country style decorating is the hottest trend in
home design, especially for the kitchen. Country warmth, safety, and comfort
are the hallmarks of this style. Country kitchens feature wooden workstations or
pot racks that do not match other furnishings. Colours mean everything in a
country kitchen. Warmly collared, unpolished (or polish thats not overdone)
woods such as maple and pine are common. Combine these woods with
whites, cream colours or light browns as the backdrop colours and you are on
your way to a magazine-quality kitchen. Natural greens, bright blues and reds
provide accents. Stainless steel in the form of hanging lights or chef
workstations works well in this setting. Plaids and chickened patterns on seat
cushions add to the country motif. Please visit following to know more about
country style kitchens. Country Kitchens Photo Gallery at kitchens.com.
Country Kitchen Styles at kitchensource.com.
13. 17. Contemporary Kitchen Style
14. 18. Contemporary Kitchen Style Contemporary kitchen cabinets are made of
woods paler than cherry wood, a signature of the traditional kitchen. Light
blues, clear reds and other bright colors are regulars in contemporary kitchens.
Contemporary kitchens are known for their usefulness. No-frills cabinetry and
simplicity provide a tidy look. Contemporary kitchen cabinets have very little
lacework. Some people even use plain aluminum kitchen cabinets that are
painted white, giving their kitchens slightly retro appearances. Please visit
following to know more about contemporary style kitchens. Contemporary
Kitchens Photos Gallery at kitchens.com. Photos - Contemporary Kitchens at
KBBC Kitchens. Contemporary Kitchen Styles at kitchensource.com.
15. 19. Modern Kitchen Style
16. 20. Modern Kitchen Style This style is futuristic looking, using concrete, stone,
metal and glass. High tech comes to mind when thinking of this type of decor
with lots of open space, bright lighting and square lines. White walls are
predominant in a modern home with furnishings, accessories and fabrics
sporting neutral tone-on-tone color schemes. A lacquered finish on kitchen
cabinetry is common. The art and accessories in a modern interior are
extremely important and must exhibit striking shapes or forms to make a
statement. Special pieces should be called out with spotlights for visual
impact. Please visit following to know more about Modern Kitchens Design
Modern Kitchen Design Photo Gallery at RemodelingMySpace. Pictures and
Design Ideas for Modern Kitchens at www.hgtv.ca. Modern Kitchen Design.
17. 21. Kitchen Island / Island Cabinet
18. 22. Kitchen Island / Island Cabinet A well-planned and well designed kitchen
island creates additional space for appliances like microwaves and
dishwashers and become the hub of several overlapping workstation. We can
equip our island with appliances or cabinetry to suit our needs. An island can
serve as a center for entertaining by including a built-in television, a bar sink,
wine icemaker and microwave. It might be a new home for a cooktop.
19. 23. Kitchen Island / Island Cabinet Whether our kitchen is large or small, the
island needs careful planning. The size and shape of the island should be in

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
proportion to the kitchen, an island that is too big or complicated can turn into
an obstacle. Some practical ways kitchen islands / island cabinet can be used
to help make our kitchen more efficient and functional; Use a simple island to
provide additional counter space. In a large kitchen, include a second sink in
the island with counter space on one / both sides. Stock the island with a
range of kitchen appliances, such as a dishwasher, range, cook top, microwave
and ovens in a kitchen where wall space is at a premium. Include a raised
counter to serve as a snack bar with accompanying seating to be place where
family or guests can socialize. Use kitchen island as the anchor for a second
work triangle in a large, two cook kitchen. Position and style the island to be a
dividing or transitional feature between the kitchen and great room.
20. 24. Kitchen Island / Island Cabinet
21. 25. Kitchen Remodelling Ideas Visit kitchen remodelling ideas for more photo.
22. 26. Kitchen Remodelling Pictures -I-Shape Kitchen Design with Island In
certain culture and country, the kitchen is the centre of life in a family. A kitchen
that is functional, comfortable and beautiful is now the goals of every family. If
you plan to remodel your kitchen (kitchen remodelling) to make it more
functional, more comfortable, more modern and to provide more space for
family members, you can create wonderful changes within your budget. A
kitchen remodelling project can be as simple as new flooring, new window and
wall painting or new kitchen cabinets. A simple and budget kitchen remodelling
might mean new curtains, a fresh coat of paint, new appliances and new
flooring.
23. 27. Kitchen Remodelling Ideas If your home is older and your kitchen just
needs a little modernizing, you can plan for your kitchen remodelling. You will
certainly want to consider modernizing your kitchen cabinets and counter tops.
You can install new custom or semi-custom wood kitchen cabinets. The
laminate countertops are certainly still being used; there is a clear trend toward
marble or granite countertops. They are both beautiful and functional.
24. 28.  Kitchen Remodelling Ideas - L-Shape Kitchen Design with Island
Kitchen Remodelling Pictures - L-Shape Kitchen Design
25. 29.  In your kitchen remodelling project, your choice of appliances will be
important in the total appearance of your kitchen.Your refrigerator can be
simple and functional; it can provide a variety of accessibility options and
features that go far beyond ice and water from the door. Microwave ovens can
be built in or sit on the counter or hang from the bottom of a kitchen cabinet.
And stoves and ovens are available with an amazing array of options from
warming chambers to griddles to multiple ovens, including convection ovens.
26. 30.  You will also find a wide variety of sink styles and faucet and spray
options. Sinks are available in the standard single basin style, double basins or
even double width with various configurations of additional small basins. Just
go to shop around to get some ideas of sink styles and faucet in your kitchen
remodelling project. Kitchen Remodelling Pictures - L-Shape Kitchen Design
with Island

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
27. 31.  Water filtration and purification is becoming more important in Malaysia.
In your kitchen remodelling project, you can plan for your new water filtration
system. There is a great deal of choice in systems that are either built-in or
installed under the sink. There are also small systems that simply attach to the
faucet. Ventilation hoods can be simple or extravagant, depending upon the
style you want to achieve in your kitchen remodelling, ranging from porcelain to
stainless steel to copper. Lighting is also important in your kitchen remodelling
project. Installation of low-voltage under-cabinet lights are fully functional,
energy efficient and conducive to warmer lighting in the rest of the kitchen. In
addition to light fixtures, you might want to consider installing a skylight for
warmth and natural lighting.
28. 32.  Another great feature to add in kitchen cabinets, especially high kitchen
cabinets or low corner kitchen cabinets is a lazy Susan that brings items to you
without stretching. You also can consider to totally change the design of your
kitchen cabinets in your kitchen remodelling project. Kitchen remodelling can
be great and fun. In your kitchen remodelling project, it offers the opportunity to
create a more efficient kitchen and to create a space where the family can relax
and cook. Finally, you must ask whether this is something you can do it
yourself or you need to hire a kitchen designer or consultant. This will depend
on the extent of the renovation or kitchen remodelling, your skills, knowledge
and your time.You may be able to do all of the work yourself.You may need to
hire kitchen cabinet designer to do the parts of the kitchen remodelling project
that you dont feel competent to do.You might just want to relax, have someone
else do the work, and simply enjoy the result.
29. 33. Colour of your Kitchen and Kitchen Cabinet The colours we choose reflect
our sense, our taste and our style, and can be most satisfying and personal
aspect of kitchen design. Countertops and kitchen cabinets are long term
investments and will likely be around longer than any trendy colour will be in
style. Kitchen colours should reflect more than just the trends of the day. Use
colour to express our spirit, our style and our culinary inspirations.
30. 34. Kitchen Cabinet Worksheet
31. 35. Kitchen Cabinet Worksheet Types of Kitchen Cabinet Custom Stock
Semicustom Finish Natural wood finish Laminate Steel or other metal
Painted wood
32. 36. Kitchen Cabinet Worksheet Unit Style of Kitchen Cabinet Framed
Frameless Door Styles of Kitchen Cabinet Contemporary Traditional
Country Wood Panel Glass Panel Mix Decorative Features of Kitchen
Cabinet Crown mouldings Denial or other mouldings Soffit/Fascia or open
to ceiling
33. 37. Kitchen Cabinet Worksheet Functional Storage of Kitchen Cabinet Slide-
out shelving Functionally designed drawers for silverware, utensils, spices,
bread, even pots and pans. Corner cabinet with a built-in lazy Susan. Built-in
plate rack for storing and displaying your dishes. Countertop “garage” for
small appliances. Built-in, slide-out cutting boards. Built-in bins for storing
root vegetables and fruit. Built-in knife rack. Rolling larder to hold dry

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
goods. Sponge bin in front of sink. Slide-out, dual trash cans tucked beneath
base cabinets. Cookbook storage. Microwave storage. Shelving for
frequently used or display items. Hanging pot racks. Message centre.
Countertop sections of butcher block for food prep and marble for pastry.
Swing-out storage for heavy small appliances (stand-up mixed or food
processors).
34. 38. Kitchen Cabinet Worksheet Countertops Butcher-block. Stainless
steel. Stone. Marble. Tile. Laminate. Solid surfacing (Cori an etc) Mix…
 Backsplash of Kitchen Cabinet Tile. Countertop surface. Special
Treatments of Kitchen Cabinet Work island. Dining bar. Computer station.
Bookshelves.
35. 39. Kitchen Design Layout Kitchen Work Triangles Single Line / One Wall
Kitchen Design Layout L-Shape Kitchen Design Layout U-Shape Kitchen
Design Layout Parallel Kitchen Design Layout I-Shape with Island
36. 40. Kitchen Design Layout Kitchen Work Triangles
37. 41.  Locate the three essential parts of our kitchen design – the refrigerator,
sink and range/cooktop. The kitchen work triangle close together but not
crowded, from 5 to 8 feet (1.5m to 2.4m) apart. The work triangle has always
been the very essence of good kitchen design. By kitchen design conventional
rules, the kitchen work triangle is the shortest walking distance from the center
front of each appliance, the kitchen work triangle should total 26 feet (8m) or
less, with no single leg of triangle shorter than 4 feet (1.23m) nor longer than 9
feet (2.74m), and we should be able to walk in unobstructed lines from cooking
appliances to sink to refrigerator. A large triangle would require too much
walking; a smaller one would create a cramped layout. That why we need to
consider seriously of the kitchen work triangle in our kitchen design.
38. 42.  There is some debate, today, among professional kitchen designer
concerning the traditional work triangle. Although most agree kitchen work
triangle is still an important element in kitchen design, may see the triangular
space evolving as cooking habits and lifestyles change. These kitchen
designers feel that the more actual living done in the kitchen, the more
expanded the basic triangle will have to become and kitchen grow larger –
which appears to be the trend – they will embrace an increasing number of
activities. This will result in the need for several autonomous triangles within the
room. We maybe need to plan a kitchen design for two or more cook, include
an island with extra sink and cook top and create multiple work triangles in
kitchen design.
39. 43. Kitchen Design - Planning a Layout Traditional layouts such as galley
kitchens that have cabinets and appliances running down two sides of a
room,single- line/one-wall kitchen design, U-shape kitchen design, L-shape
kitchen design and larger kitchens that feature and island, are always functional
and thus are ones still use today. But because modern home plans often
feature open layouts that eliminate doorways between rooms, new
arrangement styles are necessary. The traditional notion of lining the perimeter
of a kitchen with base and wall cabinets might not work in a modern kitchen.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
40. 44. Single Line/One Wall Kitchen Design
41. 45.  Best utilized in narrow rooms. Suitable for one or two people to use at
one. Suitable for small family stay at apartment or condominium. This
kitchen design layout arrangement places all equipment, sink, range,
refrigerator and cabinetry along one wall. Because we cannot create a triangle
in a one-wall kitchen design, maximize accessibility by locating the sink
between the refrigerator and the range. Although a one-wall kitchen is more
typical in a small apartment, it may be found in large, open-plan home.
42. 46. L-Shaped Kitchen Design Layout
43. 47.  Versatile layout with cupboard along two adjacent walls. Work well with
sitting area that is integrated into the same room and overcomes any shortage
of wall space. Idea for a family and entertaining guest. This kitchen design
plan places the kitchen on two perpendicular walls. The L-shape usually consist
of one long and one short “leg” and lends itself to an efficient work triangle
without problem of through traffic. This kitchen design layout is flexible enough
for two cook to work simultaneously without getting in each other’s way.
Another advantage to this kitchen design layout is the opportunity for
incorporating an island into the floor plan, if space allows. If we do include an
island in an L-shape kitchen design layout, plan the clearances carefully,
walkways should be at least 36 inches wide.
44. 48. U-Shaped Kitchen Design Layout
45. 49.  Utilizes three full walls for maximum storage and work space. Suitable
for both large and small rooms Suitable for condominium and terrace house.
Kitchen Cabinets, counters and appliances are all arranged along three walls in
a U-shaped kitchen design layout. The greatest benefits to this plan are the
easy traffic flow. A U-shaped kitchen design layout it is possible to keep traffic
that’s passing through the kitchen from encroaching on the cook’s work space,
an important asset in a busy household. A U-shaped kitchen design layout
incorporates a logical sequence of work centre with minimum distances
between each. The sink is often located at the base of the U, with the
refrigerator and range on the side walls opposite each other. The U shape
takes a lot of space – at least 8 feet along the length and width of the kitchen.
The U- shaped kitchen design layout is ideal for two cooks, the work areas may
have to overlap somewhat in a smaller layout-meaning two cooks may have to
share one leg of the triangle – but it can be done
46. 50. Parallel Kitchen Design
47. 51.  Comprises counters on both sides of the room with 1.2m width corridor
down the middle. This set-up saves steps and makes sense where food
preparation comes before entertaining. First choice of many top chefs. The
parallel kitchen design or galley kitchen design or also known as the corridor
style, this compact layout locates the appliances, sink and cabinets on two
parallel walls to create a small pass-through kitchen. It is easy to configure an
efficient work triangle in this kitchen design layout, but this layout really caters
to one cook. Parallel kitchen design is mainly the product of necessity. Small
apartments often feature these kitchens to free up living space in other rooms.
Allow a 48-inch wide aisle after all fixtures are in place so that cabinet and

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
appliance doors can be opened easily while someone walk through. If possible,
avoid situating the major appliances directly opposite one another. This would
cause cramming in the event that two people wanted to use two things at the
same time. Storage is a real challenge in this compact layout. The solution is to
install tall kitchen cabinets that extend to the ceiling.
48. 52. Single Line Kitchen Design with anIsland
49. 53.  Suitable for large rooms with lot of available floor space. Easier for
several people to work together at the sometime. The island setup is only
possible in kitchens that have ample room. When you set up an island, you
must be sure to leave enough room for passersby on all sides of the island.
Some islands provide additional counter space and seating, and many of them
even feature cooktops, stoves, or sinks. Islands with cooktops offer the most
efficiency, because they facilitate shorter triangles. Islands become not only
areas on which to work but also places for socializing. Bar seating underneath
hanging lights with dim control make people feel comfortable and relaxed. It
becomes the ideal spot for wine and cocktails.
50. 54. Kitchen Tips
51. 55. The Kitchen Cabinet Design Process Step 1: Free Design Consultation
Call our kitchen cabinet designer / consultant to discuss your needs of your
kitchen cabinet / wardrobe cabinet / TV cabinet. You need to explain
regarding your expectations and budget. Our kitchen cabinet designer /
consultant will visit your site to assist to do the floor measurement and draw a
floor plan. Base on all your information and floor plan, we begin the process of
selecting your custom cabinets. Each piece is carefully chosen to make full use
of your space. Step 2: Cabinets Design and Free QuotationWe will prepare a
written quote for the entire project along with the specifications for each kitchen
cabinet / wardrobe cabinet / TV cabinet. We will provide you a drawing for our
proposed design of your cabinets.You need to check over the proposed pieces
and let us know of any changes you would like made and the quote will be
adjusted accordingly. Our price is direct from factory. Once you are satisfied
with the draft of each cabinet, you need to pay a 50% deposit on the order.
Step 3. Cabinet Construction and InstallationWe will start to do the construction
of your cabinets after your approval of the final renderings. We will send our
installer to do the installation of your kitchen cabinet / wardrobe cabinet / TV
cabinet. We will do the checking of your cabinets together with you to ensure
the cabinets met your requirement and quality as per our promise. After
installation, you need to pay for the balance.
52. 56. Tips to Choose a Good Kitchen Cabinet 1. Work with a professional
(Kitchen Designer / Kitchen Cabinet Designer) Look for an experience
professional kitchen cabinet design consultant. A professional kitchen cabinet
designer can answer many of your questions and offer ideas you may not have
thought about and help you find the best solutions with your budget. 2. Look
for a balance of (kitchen cabinet) design and functionality.We need to ensure
your kitchen functions well with the way you live. Kitchen cabinets with your
most frequently used items should be located and arranged most

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
conveniently.The design and style of your kitchen cabinet should also fit your
own personal taste.
53. 57.  3. Understand your style. Identification of your own personal decorative
style is the key to select the right design for your kitchen cabinets. By doing a
little bit of kitchen style research ahead of time, you insure a final design that
fits with your personal tastes and needs. 4. Consider the surrounding area.
Look for a type of wood and finish that will complement your other furnishings.
Choose kitchen cabinets that enhance the design and view of your house. We
need to ensure the design of the kitchen cabinet is fit the design and styles of
your house.
54. 58. Kitchen Remodelling Tips 1 . When planning to remodel your kitchen, it is
important to differential between your wants and your needs. 2. Answer
following question to determine what you needs for your kitchen; How long do
you stay in your house? What do you like about your existing kitchen? What
do you dislike about your existing kitchen? How many persons is stay in your
house? What other activities besides cooking take place in your kitchen?
(such as laundry, eating, chatting) Will there be multiple people cooking or
preparing food at the same time? Are there special cooking needs, such as
Kosher or vegetarian, gourmet, ethnic? Do you cook in quantity and freeze
food? How often do you shop? Do you buy pantry items in bulk? How many
sets of dishes, silverware, pots and pans do you have? What types of small
appliances do have? Which do you use most often? Least often?
55. 59.  3. Think about work centers and how you perform the various functions
within your kitchen so you can design the most efficient kitchen layout for you
needs? 4. Prioritize your wants and needs to suit your budget and time
constrains require.
https://www.slideshare.net/cheekokkeaun/kitchen-design-12097024
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Define the terms: work triangle, ergonomics. 2. Identify
at least two factors to consider when planning kitchen layouts. 3. Identify the FOUR
main types of kitchen layouts. 4. State the advantages and disadvantages of each
type of kitchen layout. 5. Name the main activity centres of the kitchen and discuss the
activities carried out in each centre.
1. ERGONOMICS • The study of efficiency in workplace concerning the arrangement
of equipment in the most efficient way so that time and energy are saved.
 MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY IN THE KITCHEN • Workstations should be
arranged to allow work to flow logically. • Work surface height should be
designed to eliminate fatigue.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

2. 5. WORK TRIANGLE DEFINED • An invisible triangle formed by the sink, stove

and refrigerator.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

3. 6. SEQUENCE FOR KITCHEN LAYOUT Workplace → sink → workplace

→workplace → refrigerator

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

 RECOMMENDED DISTANCE IN A WORK TRIANGLE

• Refrigerator to sink 1.2 -2.1 m (4”-7”)
• Sink to stove 1.2- 1.82 m (4”-6”)
• Stove to refrigerator 1.2 -2.74m (4”-9”)
• Sum of total triangle should not exceed 6.6m (22”)

POORLY CONSTRUCTED WORK TRIANGLE

• If the sink, refrigerator and range are too far apart, the work triangle will be
exhausting.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

WORK TRIANGLE DEFINED • An invisible triangle formed by the sink, stove

and refrigerator.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

MAIN KITCHEN LAYOUT TYPES • Single wall/ corridor layout • U shaped • L

shaped • Parallel wall

SINGLE WALL/ CORRIDOR LAYOUT

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

L-SHAPED LAYOUT

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

U-SHAPED KITCHEN LAYOUT

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

4. 22. PARALLEL WALL/ GALLERY LAYOUT

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

 ADVANTAGES OF CORRIDOR/ONE WALL DESIGN

• Suitable for small kitchen spaces. Limited space means cheaper cost.
• Suitable for narrow kitchen.
• Good for small families and people who do little cooking.
 DISADVANTAGES OF CORRIDOR/ONE WALL DESIGN
• Has the longest journey of working distance because it does not have a work
triangle.
• Sink has be centrally located so that the efficiency of the kitchen is note severely
degraded.

ADVANTAGES OF THE L-SHAPED KITCHEN

• Great for corner space • Efficient for a small and medium kitchen space
• Can adjust to any length • Can easily divide the kitchen into multiple work sites
• No through traffic to disrupt work zones
• Can use one side of the kitchen as a wall divide

DISADVANTAGES OF THE L-SHAPED LAYOUT

• The corner of the L can be problematic if the corner is taken up by a cupboard
because unless fitted by a special angled corner cupboard, the corner spaces will
be inaccessible and wasted.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
• Not efficient for large kitchens.
• Not good for multiple cooks .

 DIFFICULT CORNERS FITTED WITH SPECIAL ANGLED CORNER

5. 33. U-SHAPED KITCHEN LAYOUT ADVANTAGES • Efficient for a small, medium

or large kitchen space • No through traffic to disrupt work zones • Wide "U" can
support a kitchen island • Lots of cupboard space.
6. 34. U-SHAPED KITCHEN LAYOUT DISADVANTAGES • Not efficient for large
kitchens without an island • Bottom corner cabinets are difficult to access •
Unsuitable for narrow kitchens i.e. below 10” wide.
7. 35. PARALLEL WALL/ GALLERY LAYOUT
8. 36. PARALLEL WALL/ GALLERY ADVANTAGES • Excellent use of the kitchen
triangle • Lots of workspace and cabinets on either side • Great for small
apartments with limited space • Great for small kitchens • Great for one cook to
move around
9. 37. PARALLEL WALL/ GALLERY DISADVANTAGES • Can be difficult for through
traffic • Needs good lighting as can be dark- lights may need to be added under
overhead cabinets
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANNING THE LAYOUT OF KITCHEN •
Organization of cooking areas • Layout of equipment • Size of the kitchen • Location of
the kitchen (close to the dining areas and easy access to the outdoors.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
10. 39. ACTIVITY CENTRES • The activity centre of the kitchen is arranged around
the following • Sink • Stove • refrigerator
11. 40. MAIN ACTIVITY CENTRES • Mixing and preparation centre • Washing and
cleanup centre • Cooking and serving centre
12. 41. • Workplace → sink → workplace →workplace →refrigerator • Mixing and
preparation centre • Washing and cleanup centre • Cooking and serving centre
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEQUENCE AND ACTIVITY CENTRES
13. 42. MIXING & PREPARATION CENTRE • Near fridge, near sink (may have its
own sink separate from the main cleanup sink)’ • Near trash and compost
containers • Needs counter space • knife storage, cutting boards, measuring and
mixing utensils, small appliances such as food processor or blender, casseroles
and baking dishes, flavorings, cookbook storage, graters
14. 43. CLEAN UP CENTRE • Main sink • Dishwasher, garbage disposal, trash •
Storage for cleaning materials. • Dishtowels, paper towels, garbage bags. • food
storage containers and materials, colanders and strainers, possibly everyday
dishes and flatware (near dishwasher), possibly saucepans.
15. 44. COOKING AND SERVING CENTRE • Main item in this area is the stove. •
Stoves especially gas should not placed near draughts (breeze). • Cupboards and
drawers in this area should contain equipment relation to cooking and serving. •
What are some items related to: a. Cooking? b. Serving?
16. 45. COOKING AND SERVING EQUIPMENT • Equipment related to cooking such
as pots, pans, casserole dishes. • Equipment related to serving include china,
glasses, serving dishes, cutlery
17. 46. CREDITS • http://cdn.freshome.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/kitchen-
layout_triangle-e1286017359569.jpg • :
http://www.ehow.com/list_7523202_disadvant ages-lshaped-kitchen-
layout.html#ixzz2jOTtPFM3 •
18. http://www.haddonkitchens.com.au/our- designs/galley-kitchens •
http://www.ultimate-kitchens.co/site/wp- content/uploads/2012/07/u-shaped.jpg
19. 47. CREDITS • http://www.constructionowl.com/kitchen_re
modeling/kitchen_design.php • http://www.theeducatedpig.co.uk/_images/cu
tlery.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/3/35/Kitchen_cabinet_corner_design_sho wing_turntable_inside.jpg

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

While candles add warmth and light to every space, making your home feel
cozier, they don't last forever and can be a little pricey. However, you can make them
yourself really easily with a few supplies and a little bit of know-how. As a bonus, you
can control what goes into them. If you're sensitive to fragrance, leave it out. If you're
concerned about keeping the air in your home as clean as possible, use soy wax.
Although there are many different types of candles, they all contain three main
components: wax, a wick, and a container.
Before you get started, read through the full instructions for making homemade
candles. When you're ready to begin, prep the area where you'll be making your
candle. Cover the surface with newspaper or a brown paper bag.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
After making your first candle, you can get more adventurous and try making different
types of candles; just be sure to choose the appropriate wax and wick for a more
advanced project. Want a more personal touch? You can customize your candle even
further by choosing a fragrance or essential oil to scent your candle—the variations of
candles you can make are limited only by your imagination and your willingness to
experiment.

Equipment / Tools

 Pot
 Hot plate or electric stove

Materials

 Wax
 Wick
 Container
 Fragrance (optional)
 Color (optional)
 Skewers or Popsicle sticks

Instructions

1. Place the Wick

Before you pour the wax, place your wick into the appropriate vessel. We like to
use an empty candle container that was previously used up—it's both eco-
friendly and budget-friendly!

2. Heat the Wax

Set up the pot over a heat source, such as a hot plate or electric stove. Add the
wax and allow it to melt. Add your color and fragrance to the melted wax in the
pot, if desired.

3. Transfer the Wax

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Narvacan Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
Carefully pour the hot wax into the container. Use skewers or popsicle sticks to
help keep the wick in place. Let the wax cool completely and then trim the wick
down to size.

Course Code: TLED 152

FAMILY AND CONSUMER LIFE SKILLS
INSTRUCTOR: MRS. ESTELITA A. VILORIA