Compressor

‫‪www.mohandes.
org‬‬
‫‪www.mohandes.org‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪٢ -٢‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٨ -٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪٢١ -٩‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪٢٧ -٢٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪٦٥ -٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‬
‫‪٨٢ -٦٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫‪١٠٦ -٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪١٢٢ -١٠٧‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪١٣٥ -١٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ‪ :‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪١٣٦ -١٣٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪WWW.MOHANDES.ORG‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ )ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﺶ ‪ ((Work Horse‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪﻱ ﺷﺘﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺑﭽﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ )ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺭﻭﺑﺮﻗﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ )ﺩﺭﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ( ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ )ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ( ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ )ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ‪.(...‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ )ﺧﻼﺀ( ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ )ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٦٠٠٠‬ﺑﺎﺭ( ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﺴﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮ ‪١٣٨٤‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-١-١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﺳـﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻧﺨـﺴﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺩﻣﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗـﺶ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺧﺪﺍﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷـﮕﻔﺖ ﺍﻧﮕﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﻭﻳﺎﺷـﺶ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌـﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٠,٠٢-٠,٠٨‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷـﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻚ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻃﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻃﻼ‪ ،‬ﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠـﻊ ﻭﺳـﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺩﺭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ‪،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣـﺼﻨﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔـﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺩﻣﻲ )ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ( ﺭﺍﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟـﺪﻱ ﺗـﺎﺯﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺁﺑـﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ :(١-١‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﻲ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٧٠٠‬ﻣـﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻛـﻮﺭﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻓﻠـﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺑـﻪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺪﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺗﺎﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٧٦٢‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻤﻴﺘﻮﻥ )‪ (John Smeaton‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺭﺍﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﺮﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛـﻮﺭﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺩﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ‪١٧٧٦‬ﻣـﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻴﻨـﺴﻮﻥ ‪(John‬‬
‫‪ (Wilkinson‬ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺷــﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺷــﻲ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗــﻮﭖ ﺍﺧﺘــﺮﺍﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻛــﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻣــﻲﺷــﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺍﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻴﻨـﺴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻓـﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼـﺮﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻭﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻨﺪ ﺗـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻧـﻞ ﻣﻮﻧـﺖ ﺳـﻨﻴﺲ ‪(Mt.Ce‬‬
‫‪ (Nis‬ﺩﺭﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﭗ ﺳﻮﻳﺲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻞ ﻭﻃـﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫‪ ١٣/٦‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٨٥٧‬ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٦‬ﺁﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻃـﻮﻝ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ ﺍﺭﺷـﺪ ﺗﻮﻧـﻞﻫـﺎ ﺟـﺮﻣﻦ ﺳـﻮﻣﻴﻠﺮ )‪(Germain Sommeiller‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﭘﻴـﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺪ ﻭﻓﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(١-٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﹰﺍ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭﻛﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﻭﭘﻴـﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺩﻣـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻠﻲ ﺟﻠـﻮﻩ ﮔـﺮ ﻣـﻲﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭼﻜﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٩‬ﺩﺭﻳـﻞ‪ ٥٤ ،‬ﻋـﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻭﮔـﺮﻭﻩ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻮﻧـﺖ ﺳـﻨﻴﺲ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭﻣﺠـﻼﺕ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭼـﺎﭖ ﺷـﺪﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺍﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﺮﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫)‪ :(١-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٨٧٥‬ﺩﺭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ )ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺑـﺮﻕ ﺍﺯﺁﺏ( ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ٣٦٠٠ kw‬ﻭﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٣٠٠٠٠ kw‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺭﻗـﺎﺑﺘﺶ ﻛﺎﺳـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩﺑﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﮕﻴـﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻭﺏ ﻭﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺸﺮﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻗـﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺍﻧﺒـﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺑﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻜـﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺗﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺷـﺪﻱ ﺷـﺘﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻝ ﮔـﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺯﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٨٦٠‬ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ )‪(Rotary‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Lobe‬ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٨٦٠‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ‪Roots‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﻣﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٧/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ ١٧٤٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻔﺮﺳـﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Roots‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻭﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ Roots‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Sliding Vane‬ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٨٩٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧـﺸﻚ )‪ (Dry‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٤٧‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻬـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﭼـﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪(Lubricated‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺯﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻣـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺩﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺩﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٨٩٩‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ ﻓﺮﺍﻧـﺴﻮﻱ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ‪ Rateau‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪) ١/٦ :١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ ١/٦٢‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ( ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٠٣‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻠـﻲ ‪ ٥ :١‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭﺑﻜـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪١٢٥٠٠٠٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍ ﺩﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٦‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺫﺍﺗ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺸﻚ )‪ (Oil Free‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫـﺎ ﻱ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٢-١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Pressure‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳـﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ‪ F‬ﺑـﺮ ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ A‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ P‬ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-١‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ :٢-١-١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺟـﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ( ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪) ١٤,٦٩٦ psia‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ‪ (١٤,٧ psia‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٧٦‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪.(٢-١‬‬
‫‪ :٢-١-٢‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺸﻲ )ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ( ‪Gauge Pressure‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ )ﻛﻠﻲ( ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺸﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ (a)١bar‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺸﻲ ‪ ±‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ = ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٢‬ﻛﺎﺭ ‪WORK‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ F‬ﺑﺮ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ L‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ W‬ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫‪W= F× L‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٣‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ )ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ( ‪POWER‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٤‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ )‪(KINETIC ENERGY‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ )ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ( ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ‪((K.E‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ )‪(POTENTIAL ENERGY‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ :٢-٤‬ﺩﻣﺎ )ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ( ‪TEMPERATURE‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮﻣـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ) ‪ ( o C‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ) ‪( o F‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪F = ١,٨ o C + ٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٥‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪۵ o‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫)‪( F - ٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٦‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٤-١‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ - ٢٧٣‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ )ﻳﺎ ‪ - ٤٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺭﺍﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣـﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ ﺍﺟـﺴﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ )‪ (K‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﻜﻴﻦ ) ‪ ( O R‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ ﺍﺟـﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍﺑـﺎ ‪ T‬ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪K = ٢٧٣ + o C‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٧‬‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪R = ٤٦٠ + o F‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٨‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٥‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻭﺣﺠـﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﭼﺎﺭﻟﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺑﺎﺳـﺮﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫‪T١‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫(‬‫‪)P = ( ١ )P‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪T٢‬‬ ‫‪V٢‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ‪ P‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪ T ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭ ‪ V‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ" ﺗـﻚ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (Isobar‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ‪ p‬ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ( ﺣﺠـﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺑﺎﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ)ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ( ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ )‪ (Isothermal‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪)T = ( ٢ )T‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٠‬‬
‫‪P٢‬‬ ‫‪V١‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪)v = ( ١ )v‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١١‬‬
‫‪P٢‬‬ ‫‪T٢‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٦‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-١٣‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪P١V١ P٢ V٢‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٢‬‬
‫‪T١‬‬ ‫‪T٢‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٧‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-١٤‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫‪PV = MRT‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ‪ P‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪ V ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪ M ،‬ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ R ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭ ‪ T‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ R‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢-٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٢-٨‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‪Specific Heat :‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Kcal‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﮔﺮﻣـﺎﻱ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ‪mol. o C Kcal /‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻣـﺎﻱ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ) ‪( C P‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺩﺭﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ) ‪ ( C v‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ) ‪( C P‬‬
‫ﻭ ) ‪ ( C v‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cp − Cv = R‬‬ ‫‪KJ‬‬
‫‪Kg. mol. K‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٤‬‬
‫‪CP‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻧﻤـﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴـﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪CV‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (K‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪CP‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٥‬‬
‫‪CV‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ K‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢-١‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢-٩‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ADIABATIC PROCESS‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟـﻪ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴـﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ ∆Q = ٠‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٢-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٢-٢‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪ :٢-١٠‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ISOTHERMAL PROCESS‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﺯﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ‪∆T = ٠‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢-١١‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ‪Polytropic‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻼ" ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪،‬ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻼ" ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻬﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺧـﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﺯﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻭﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ )ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ -‬ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴـﻚ( ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺫﻛﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻛﻼ" ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪PV γ = C‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٦‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ‪ P‬ﻭ ‪ V‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ C‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴـﻚ) ‪( γ‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪γ =٠‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫⇒ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪PV٠‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪P‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪γ =١‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫⇒ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪PV‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪T‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫⇒ ‪γ = k‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪PV k‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫⇒ ‪γ = ±∞ ⇒ P γ ⋅ V = C‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪(Isochor‬‬

‫‪γ = γ ⇒ PV γ = C‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ) ‪ ( γ‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪K〉 γ 〉١ :‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﹰﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ γ‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺪﺕ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ P-V‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ )ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ( ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢-١٢‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﺤﻮﻝﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﹰﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﻚﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑﻤﺎﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻲﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢-١‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ )ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ P- V‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪P٢‬‬
‫‪W = mRTLn‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٧‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-١‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P- V‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ m‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ R ،‬ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﮔـﺎﺯ‪ T ،‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ )ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ(‪ P١ ،‬ﻭ ‪ P٢‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ‪ Ln‬ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﭙﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ١٢ :٢-١‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٥‬ﺑﺎﺭ)ﻣﻄﻠﻖ( ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑـﺴﺖ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨٧ J‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(٢-٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ R‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ SI‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫‪Kg.o K‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪:(٢-١٧‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬
‫‪W = ١٢ × ٢٨٧ × (۴٠ + ٢٧٣) Ln = ١٧٣۴٩٣٠w = ١٧٣۵kw‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ PV k‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪K‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ )'‪ (١-٢‬ﻭ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ )‪ (١-٢‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪K −١‬‬
‫⎤‬
‫) ‪P٢V٢ − P١V١ mR (T٢ − T١‬‬ ‫‪K ⎢⎛ P٢ ⎞ K‬‬
‫=‪W‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= mRT١‬‬ ‫⎟ ⎜‬ ‫⎥‪− ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٨‬‬
‫‪K −١‬‬ ‫‪K −١‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪K − ١ ⎢⎝ P١‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎣⎢‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-١٨‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ )‪ (١‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ )‪ (٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-١٩‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪K −١‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛P‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫⎟ ‪T٢ = T١ ⎜ ٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-١٩‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ P١‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪:‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑـﻂ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪K −١‬‬
‫⎤‬
‫⎛‬
‫‪K ⎢ P٢ K‬‬ ‫⎞‬
‫‪Wad = P١ Q١‬‬ ‫⎟ ⎜‬ ‫⎥‪− ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٠‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫⎠ ‪K − ١ ⎝ P١‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎣⎢‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪Wiso = P١ Q١ Ln ٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢-٢١‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ P١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ) ‪ ( ١bar = ١٠۵ Pa‬ﻭ ‪ Q١‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻜـﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ ‪ W‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :٢-٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ )‪ (٢-١‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﻓﺮﺽ ‪K = ١,٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫‪١.۴ − ١‬‬
‫‪١۴‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬
‫‪W = ١٢ × ٠.٢٨٧‬‬ ‫) ([‬ ‫‪١.۴‬‬
‫‪− ١] = ٢٢٠٢.٧kw‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢-٢٠‬‬
‫‪. −١ ١‬‬
‫‪١۴‬‬
‫‪ ٢٢٠٢,٦٩ - ١٧٣٤,٩٣ = ٤٦٧,٧٦ kw‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢١,٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Polytropic Compression‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ )ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ( ﻋﻤـﻼ" ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ )ﻳﺎﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ(ﻭ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ )ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻫﻮﺍ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻼ" ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ) ‪ ( ∆Q = ٠‬ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﮔـﺮﻡ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻃـﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺸﻤﭙﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﭼﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺗـﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍ ﻣﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ )ﻭﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ( ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑـﻪ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳـــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺧﻨـــﻚ ﻛـــﻦ ﺑـــﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـــﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺑﻬـــﺮﻩ ﮔﻴـــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـــﺐ ﺧﻨـــﻚ ﻛـــﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ)ﻣــﺜﻼﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﮊﺍﻛــﺖﻫــﺎﻱ ﺧﻨــﻚ ﻛــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟــﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳــﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ(ﻭ‪...‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳــﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‪،‬ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻟـﺬﺍﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ)ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ(ﺭﺍﻫﺮﭼﻨـﺪﻏﻴﺮﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪(٢-٢٠‬‬
‫ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ‪ γ ،K‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎤‬
‫‪γ ⎢⎛ P٢ ⎞ γ‬‬
‫‪Wad = P١Q١‬‬ ‫⎟ ⎜‬ ‫⎥‪− ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٢‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫⎠ ‪γ − ١ ⎝ P١‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎣⎢‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪(٢-٢٣‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬
‫) ‪T٢ = T١ ( ٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٣‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ) ‪ ( ηp‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫= ‪ηp‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٤‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫‪k −١‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-٢٨‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ‪ ((Jacket Cooling‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢-١٣‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻟﻘﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻴـﺴﺮ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ( ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ )ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ( ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ )‪ (Multistage‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺻـﺎﺩﻕ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣــﻞ ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨــﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨــﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺧﻨــﻚﻛــﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗــﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﺍﻧــﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢-٣‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٣‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ AEB‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ AFH‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ E‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ (F‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ )ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ‬
‫‪ .(FG‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢﻫﺎﺷﻮﺭ ﺯﺩﻩ )ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ (EFGB‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻳـﺪﻩﺍﻝ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢-٤‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P- V‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜـﺎﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٤‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P- V‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ )ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ( ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ )ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ …‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ( ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﺳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ‪ W‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ) ‪ ( Pi‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻـﻔﺮ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ Pi , P٢ , P١‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬ ‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪W = PV‬‬ ‫) ‪[( i‬‬ ‫‪− ١] + PV‬‬ ‫) ‪[( ٢‬‬ ‫]‪− ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٥‬‬
‫‪γ − ١ P١‬‬ ‫‪γ − ١ Pi‬‬
‫‪١ ١‬‬ ‫‪i i‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪١ ١ = Pi Vi‬‬
‫‪PV‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎡ Pi γ γ−١‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫‪P٢ γ‬‬ ‫⎤‬
‫‪W = PV‬‬ ‫) (⎢‬ ‫) (‪+‬‬ ‫⎥‪− ٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٧‬‬
‫‪γ − ١ ⎢⎣ P١‬‬
‫‪١ ١‬‬
‫‪Pi‬‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬ ‫‪dW‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻓﺮﺽ ‪= a‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪= ٠‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪dPi‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢-٢٧‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pi٢ = P١P٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٨‬‬
‫‪Pi = Pi P٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ Pi‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪N‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪P٢‬‬
‫‪( r ) stg = N‬‬ ‫)‪(٢-٣٠‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ‪ Z ≠ ١, C p‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻐـﺎﻳﺮﺕﻫـﺎﻱ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪ( ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳـﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺮ )‪ (Mollier‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨـﻚﻛـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢-١٤‬ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢-٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣـﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ‪ ٧٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ (٢‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ )ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ( ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ )ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ( ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ،٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﺧﻨـﻚﻛـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ )ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ )‪ ١٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑـﻪ ‪٧٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ( ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٧٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻨـﻚﻛـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ( ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٧٣/٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻞ »ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ« ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ -‬ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪-‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪٧٣,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٥‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٣-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ)ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮﺗﺎ ‪ ٦٠٠٠ bar‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪) ٢‬ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ( ﺗـﺎ ‪٣٥٢‬‬
‫)ﻫﮕﺰﺍﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﻢ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻣـﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺁﺏ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻ" ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶﻫﺎ )‪ ،(Fans‬ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (Blowers‬ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣-٢‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩ ﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ)ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ )ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ(‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ )ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ )ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻛـﻨﺶ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻓـﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ )ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ(‬
‫‪ :٣-٣‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪ (Lubricated‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ )‪ (Dry or Oil Free‬ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٣-٤‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ :٣-٤-١‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻼﺀ ‪Vaccum Pumps‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻼﺀ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪٦ mmHg‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪٠,٣ mmHg‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‬
‫‪٠,٠٥ mmHg‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﮊﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪٠,٠٠٠٠٥ mmHg‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻼﺀ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣-٤-٢‬ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶﻫﺎ ‪Fans‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ )ﺗﺎ ‪ ٠,١‬ﺑﺎﺭ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :-٣-٤-٣‬ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ‪Blowers‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﻛـﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ)‪ ١,٥-٢‬ﺑﺎﺭ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻛـﻢ ﻭﺩﺑـﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺍﺯﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ٢‬ﺑـﺎﺭ(ﻭﺩﺑـﻲ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ )‪ (Rotary‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ )ﺭﻓـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺘﻲ( ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣-٤-٤‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪Compressors‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﺑـﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٦٠٠٠ bar‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣-٥‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪Positive Displacement‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪Centrifugal‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻠـﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‪،‬ﻓــﺸﺎﺭﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣــﻲﻳﺎﺑــﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺑــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﺗﻨــﺎﻭﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (Reciprocating‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ )‪ (Rotary‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ( ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻤـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒـﺸﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺠـﺮﺍﻱ ﮔـﺸﺎﺩﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Voulte‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٣-١‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ :٣-٦‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (Dry or Oil Free‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Lubricated‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻼ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪ (Oil Seprator‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
www.mohandes.org
www.mohandes.org
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ٢٦ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
WWW.MOHANDES.ORG
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻛـﺴﻴﮋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏـﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣـﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺫﺍﺗ ﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪ ((Oil Free‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ )ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛـﺮﺩ(‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺒـﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﭼﻨـﺪ ‪ (ppm‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻧـﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻔﻠﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ..‬ﺟﺰﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٤-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨــﺎﻭﺑﻲ )‪(Reciprocating‬ﻧﻴــﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴــﺪﻩ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗــﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗــﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺯ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻣﺒﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ (Bamboo‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ )ﺩﺳﺘﻲ( ﻋﻘﺐ ﻭ ﺟﻠـﻮ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـ ﹰﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻓﻠـﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻴﻼﺩ ﻣـﺴﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻴﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ J.Wilkinson‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺑـﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠٠ m hr‬ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ )ﺗﺎ‪ ٦٠٠٠‬ﺑﺎﺭ( ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١,٥‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﺎ" ﺟـﺰﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ )ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ( ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑــﺎ ﭘﻴــﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺻــﻨﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻲ ﻗــﺮﻭﻥ ﻧــﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴــﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻤــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﺎ"‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻭﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ )ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ( ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺗـﺮ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺗـﺮ )ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺎﺷﻦ ﺁﻻﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟـﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺳﻴـﺴﺎﺕ ﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺺ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮊﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻋـﻮﺽ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ" ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤-٢‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺠﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺣـﺒﺲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-١‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫـﺶ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـﻮ )‪(Valve‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ )ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫـﺶ( ﺑـﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻘﺐ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ( ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (Cup-Shaped‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-٢‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻘـﺐ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺒـﺴﻂ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﻼﺀ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤـﺴﻔﺮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٣‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺠﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭼـﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-٤‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٤‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﺩﻫﺶ(ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﻴﻮﺏ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺮ ﭼـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺧﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠـﻮﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ ‪(Clearance‬‬
‫‪ (Volume‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﻲﺭﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤـﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻘﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻘـﺐ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻫـﺪﺭ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺳـﻤﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻘﺐ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻼﺀ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ(‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٥‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛـــﺖ ﺭﻓـــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔـــﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻴـــﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـــﻖ ﻣﻴـــﻞ ﻟﻨـــﮓ )‪ (Crank Shaft‬ﻭ ﺷـــﺎﺗﻮﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Connecting Rod‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻧـﺼﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﹰﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ )ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ(‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ )ﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻘـﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٥‬ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ )ﻓﻨﺮﻫـﺎ( ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺤـﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤-٣‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺳـﻴﻜﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻓﺮﺽ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪) P-V‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪-‬ﺣﺠﻢ( ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٦‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺁﻥ )‪ (Scale‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٦‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P-V‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﺟﺮﻣـﻲ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ( ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ )‪ (Specific Power‬ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺮﻡ )ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ(ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ )ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ( ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺑـﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤-٤‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﺤـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ‪ (...‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻣـﺮﮒ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ) ‪ Top Dead Center‬ﻳـﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘـﺼﺎﺭ ‪ (TDC‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ ﻃـﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗـﺎ ﺳﺮﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻧﻴﺰ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣــﻲﻛﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺎﻫﻬــﺎﻱ ﻋﺒــﻮﺭ ﮔــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣــﺪ ﻓﺎﺻــﻞ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨــﺪﻱ ﺳــﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫)‪ (Valve Seat‬ﺗﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪P-V‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪(٤-٧‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٧‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮ‪ P-V‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪c-a‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ c-b‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ‪ b-a‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﮔـﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜـﺶ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴـــﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣـــﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻛﺜـــﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴـــﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑـــﺎ ﻓـــﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـــﺮﺩﻩ ﺣـــﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ ٦-١٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ )ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣﻴﺮﺳـﺪ( ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤- ٥‬ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ (Trunk‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖﻫـﺎﺩﻱ )‪(Cross head‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ )‪ (Singl Acting‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Doble Acting‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Lubricated‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (Oil Free‬ﺗﻘـﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ”‪ “W” ,“V” , “L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٤-٥-١‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ(‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫‪.(٤-٨‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٨‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ(‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔـﮋﻥ ﭘـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻮﺵ ﮔـﮋﻥ ﭘـﻴﻦ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (Oil Free‬ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﻭ ﮔﮋﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗــﺴﻤﺖ ﺑــﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻴــﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﮔــﺎﺯ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺗــﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌــﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Stepped‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤-٥-٢‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖﻫـﺎﺩﻱ) ‪ (Crosshead‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٩‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٩‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻧﻜـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ )ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ( ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ(‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ W” , “V” , “L”“ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ‪ ((Opposed Piston‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٤-٥-٣‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ )‪ (Single Acting‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-١٠‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٠‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ( ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪D٢‬‬
‫‪Qt = π‬‬ ‫‪×S×N×n‬‬ ‫)‪٤-١‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ = ‪Qt‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ=‪D‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ =‪S‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ =‪N‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ =‪n‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٤- ٥-٤‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺟﺒـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-١١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻫﺶ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١١‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳـﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ‪+‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ = ‪VS‬‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪VS‬‬ ‫‪(D٢ − d ٢ ) × S +‬‬ ‫= ‪D٢ × S‬‬ ‫‪( ٢D ٢ − d ٢ ) × S‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-٢‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ = ‪VS‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ =‪d‬‬
‫‪Qt = VS × N × n‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-٣‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٤- ٥-٥‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨـﻲ )‪ (Scraper Ring‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﮋﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ‪ ((Splash‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑـﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺒـﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (Forced‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘـﻲ )‪(Injection‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪﻱ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪ (Oil Seprator‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻤـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺣـﺪ ‪٣-٥ ppm‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ )‪ (Synthetic Oils‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻋـﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺭﻳـﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Micro Lube‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤-٥-٦‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺡ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ)‪ (Dry or oil Free‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷــﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷــﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧــﺪﻩﻫــﺎ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺗﺤــﺖ ﻫــﺮ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﻛــﺎﺭﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟــﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ( ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻧـﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛـﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ(‪ .‬ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺳﺎﻳـﺸﻲ ﺧـﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻠﻦ )ﺗﻔﻠﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﭘـﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﻠﻮﺋـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻛـﺮﺑﻦ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ‪ PTFE‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺨـﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٣٨‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Du Pont‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ( ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Fiber Glass‬ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‪....‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﻠﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Oil Wiper‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻫﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻄﻠﻘـ ﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻛـﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (Distance Piece‬ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ( ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-١٢‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٢‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤-٥-٧‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧـﻮﻉ ﮔـﺎﺯﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺗـﺎ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻋـﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻃﺮﺣﻬـﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-١٣‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٣‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺳـﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻧـﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ) ‪ (Intercooler‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٤-١٤‬ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ “”‪ L‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﻳـﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٤‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ‪ L‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (١٩‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٥‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤-٦‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ‪ n‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ D١‬ﻭ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ‪ S١‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ‪ N‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪πD١٢‬‬
‫= ‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪× S١ × N × n‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-١‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ D٢ = ٢D١‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ S٢‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑﻤﺎﻧـﺪ ﺩ ﺭﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪D٢٢‬‬ ‫‪πD ٢١‬‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫= ‪× S٢ × N × n‬‬ ‫‪× S١ × N × n‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪D٢ = ٢D١ ⇒ S ٢ = S ١ ۴‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-٤‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺟﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻣـﺮﮒ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ) ‪ (TDC‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ )‪ (BDC‬ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ .(٤-١٦‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪v max = ٢ π r N‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-٥‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٦‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-١٧‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫× ‪VM = ٢ × S‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤-٦‬‬
‫‪۶٠‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ V M‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٧‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ‪((S‬‬
‫ﻃﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ )ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ( ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻔﻠﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ‪ ٣-٣,٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻛـﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-١‬ﺑﺎ ‪ S × D ٢‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ S × D þ‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﺑﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ‪٩٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫)ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ( ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣـﺮﮒ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-١٨‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١٨‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﻭ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻠـﻪ ﻣﻴـﻞ ﻟﻨـﮓ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻨﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ )ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ( ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻜﺘـﻪ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٤-٧‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ‪Valves‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ)ﻓـﺸﺎﺭﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﺩﻭﺳﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ )ﻣـﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ( ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻜﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ )ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻣﻴـﻞ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺸﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ )ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻫﺶ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ١٠٠٠rpm‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺷـﻴﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪ ٩٦٠,٠٠٠‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺑـﺸﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺘـﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ‪٤٠٠٠‬ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻜﺒـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-١٩‬ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٤-١٩‬ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑـﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕـﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺳـﻨﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺩﻫﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺗﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎ" ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺻـﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٥-٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻗﻔـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ" ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺑﺪﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ) ‪ (Valve Fluttering‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻢ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ( ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ)‪ (Lift‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ API‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ )‪ (M = ٢٠‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ١٨‬ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺒﻜﺘﺮ )ﻣـﺜﻼ" ‪(M = ٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‪ ٣٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻗـﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺋﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻭﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜـﺶ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫـﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫـﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄـﺎﻟﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻨــﺪﻱ ﻛﻠــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺭﻓــﺖ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓــﻀﺎﻱ ﻣــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ )‪ (Damping‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪ (Bounce‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ )ﺟـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺁﻥ( ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ) ‪ (Lift‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺷـﺪﺕ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ )ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ‪ (٢‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ )ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ‪ (٢٩‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٦‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٧‬ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P-V‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻫﻤـﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺟـﺎﻣﻌﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٤-٧-١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P-V‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P–V‬ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺣـﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻋـﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ‪Clearance Volume‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻣـﺮﮒ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻈـﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻴـﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ ﻣـﻲﻣﺎﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ)‪ (٤-٤‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺑـﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ … ﮔﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺮﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ )‪ (Valve Seat‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﺮ ﺣـﺴﺐ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪) C‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ( ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻲﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ C‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١٢-٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (٤-٧‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P- V‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺍﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪،‬ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P– V‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٧‬ﻣﻴـﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑـﻪ ﺩﻻﻳـﻞ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫‪ P- V‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٢٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :١‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ )ﺗـﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ( ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﮕـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ PS‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ PS ١‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫـﺶ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ Pd‬ﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ Pd ١‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢٠‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P- V‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﻮﺍﻡ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﻦ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨـﺮ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﻲ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺗـﻮﺍﻡ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺪﭘﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺩﺑﻲ )ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ( ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣـ ﹰﺎ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B ٢‬ﺑـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫‪ PS ٢‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ )ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ P-V‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ ABCD‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ‬
‫‪ BB١C‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫـﺶ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ‬
‫‪ BB٢ CB١‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ ADD١‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻠﺒـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ AD٢ DD١‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜـﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑـﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫‪∆P‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﺤـﺎﻅ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼـﺮﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪PS‬‬
‫‪ PS‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺋﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ )‪ (Lift‬ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋـﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺷـﺪﻥ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻔﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴـﺴﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻔﻠﻦ )‪(PTFE‬ﻭ‪Poly Ether Ether ) PEEK‬‬
‫‪ (Keytone‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫)‪ ٢٥٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ( ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮﺷﺪﻩ )‪(Wetted Perimeter‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ )ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ(‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ :٤-٧-٢‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﻭ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻭ‪....‬ﻋﻤـﺪﻩﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ‪Poppet Type Valve‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ‪Reed or Feather Type Valve‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ‪Channel Type Valve‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ‪Plate Type Valve‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻲ ‪Disc or ring type valve‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ )‪(Poppet Type Valve‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ((Poppet‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴـﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛـﻪ ﺍﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪(Reed or Feather Valve‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ )ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺗـﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺳﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Hermetic‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ )‪ (Semi-Hermetic‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﭘـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٢١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢١‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ )‪(Channel Type Valve‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻟﻲ )‪(Channel‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻝ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺤـﻮﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Damping‬ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٤-٢٢‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢٢‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺳـﻤﺖ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣﻴـﺴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪(Plate Type Valve‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Plate Valve‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ )‪ (Valve Seat‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٢٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Plate Spring‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Conical‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ )‪ (Damping Plate‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ )‪ (Lift washer‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤-٢٤‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ‪Valve seat‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ‪Valve plate‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐﭘﺬﻳﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﻨﺮ )ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ( ‪Springs‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢٤‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢٣‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ ‪Damping plate‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ‪Lift washer‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ )ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻃـﻲ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ( ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺮﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻲﺍﻻﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎﻝﺯﺩﻥ )‪(Valve flutering‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻧﭙﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ‪Valve Guard‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﭘﻴﻦ ‪Pin‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪Screw & Nut‬‬
‫ﻫﻢﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Locking Nut‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺷﻞﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Disc (ring) type valve‬‬ ‫ﻩ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻲ )ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ(‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳـﺴﻜﻲ) ‪ (Disc Valve‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ) ‪ (Conical‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ )‪ (Valve Seat‬ﻣﻲﭼﺴﺒﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﻉ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪(٤-٢٥‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺩﻫﺶ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢٥‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ :٤-٧-٣‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺨﺖﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـ ﹰﺎ ﺷـﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼـﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤـﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺍﻋـﻼﻡ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳـﻲ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫـﺎ ﺣـﺴﺎﺱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ )ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﹰﺎ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ )ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ( ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ(‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ )ﺻﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﺶ )ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ(‬
‫‪ : ٤-٨‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ" ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﻳﺪﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﺯﺑـﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌـﻲ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٤-٨-١‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑـﻂ )‪ ٤-١‬ﺗـﺎ ‪(٤-٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﻴﻞ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ‪:‬‬
‫× ‪Qt = S × N‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪٢π D ٢ − d ٢‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(٤-٧‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٨‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪⎡⎛ Z ١ ⎞ ⎛ P٢ ⎞ ١‬‬ ‫⎤‬
‫⎜⎢ ‪η v = ١ −‬‬ ‫‪⎟ ⎜ ⎟ γ − ١⎥C‬‬ ‫)‪(٤- ٨‬‬
‫‪⎢⎣⎝ Z ٢ ⎠ ⎝ P١ ⎠ i‬‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫= ‪Z١ , Z٢‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺩﻫﺶ‬
‫= ‪P٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺩﻫﺶ‬
‫= ‪P١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫= ‪γ‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺩ ﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ γ =١,٣-١,٣٥‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ )‪ (i‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٨‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺰﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺗــﺎ ﺣــﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺘﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴــﺎﺕ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺁﻣــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤــﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘـﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٨‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٨‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻩ )‪ (C=٠‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻼ" ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٠,٩٧‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺯﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ) ‪ (Wire Drawing‬ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻞ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ L‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ )ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻥ( ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪L = ٠,٠٥ - ٠,٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪L = ٠,٠٩ - ٠,١‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٨‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫⎤‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪µ v = ٠.٩٧ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ − ١⎥C − L‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬‫‪٢‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎢⎝ Z ٢ ⎠ ⎝ P١‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫)‪(٤-٩‬‬
‫⎢⎣‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ Z ٢ çZ ١‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ‪ Z ٢ çZ ١‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٩‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫⎤‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫‪γ‬‬
‫⎢‬
‫‪µ v = ٠.٩٧ − ⎜ ⎟ − ١⎥C − L‬‬
‫‪P‬‬‫‪٢‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎢⎝ P١‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫)‪(٤-١٠‬‬
‫⎢⎣‬ ‫⎦⎥‬
‫‪Q = ηv . Pd‬‬ ‫)‪(٤-١١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ )‪ :(٤-١‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫= ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ‪٦‬‬ ‫‪= ٠/١٥٢٤ m‬‬
‫‪ = ٠,٣٠٤٨ m‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ‪ = ١٢‬ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪ = ٣٠٠‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫= ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ‪ = ٢,٥‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪٠,٠٦٣٥ m‬‬
‫‪C = %١٢‬‬
‫‪ = co ٢‬ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫= ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪١٧٢٠‬‬ ‫‪psia‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ‪= ١١٧‬‬
‫= ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫‪٣٤٤٠‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ‪psia = ٢٣٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ‪ = ٤٦/١‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪ = ١١٥‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫‪γ Co = ١/٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪(٤-٢‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫= ‪Pd‬‬
‫‪٠.٣٠۴٨ × ٣٠٠ × ٣١۴‬‬ ‫[‬
‫‪. × ٢ × (٠١۵٢۴‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪) − (٠.٠۶٣۵‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪] × ۶٠ = ١٨٢.٧‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ /‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ Z١ , Z٢‬ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ‪ ٠,٥٧٥‬ﻭ ‪ ٠,٣١٢‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٤-٩‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫⎤‬
‫‪٠‬‬‫‪.‬‬‫‪٣١٢‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫‪٢٣۴‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪⎞ .٣‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫⎢ ‪η v = ٠.٩٧ −‬‬ ‫⎜×‬ ‫‪⎟ − ١ × ٠١٢‬‬
‫‪. − ٠.٠۵ = ٠.٩٣‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎢ ٠.۵٧۵ ⎝ ١١٧‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q = Pd × ηv = ١٨٢. ٧ × ٠. ٩٣ = ١۶٩.٩‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ /‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪ (Z‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻳـﺎ ﻧـﺸﺪﻥ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺵ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ )ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ(‬
‫ﺹ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﻫـ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ )‪ ،(٦-١٥‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ )‪ (٣-٦‬ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺧـﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤-٩‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ )ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ )‪ (Labyrinth‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻔـﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﻧـﺸﺖ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪ (Surging‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﺟــﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜــﻮﻟﻲ ﮔــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗــﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜــﺶ ﺗــﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜــﺮﺩ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑــﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﮔــﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺿــﺮﺑﺎﺕ )‪ (Pulse‬ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤــﻴﻦ ﺧــﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺗـﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫)‪ (Resonance‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴـﺮ )‪(Damping Element‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ )ﻭ ﻳﺎﻫﺎﺩﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ … ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣـﺴﺎﺱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺞﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴـﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑﺮﻳـﺪﻥ ﻣﻴـﻞﻟﻨـﮓ‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻼﺭﻗﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﹰﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٥‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺀ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ )ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ …( ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫)‪(Rotary Compressors‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٥-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳـﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﻜﺘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Shaking Forces‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧـﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﻛــﻪ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧــﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﺗــﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳــﺴﻪ ﺑــﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻟﻲ ﻛــﺎﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺯﻧﻈــﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨــﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴــﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣــﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣــــﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻔــــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄــــﻪ ﺭﺍﻛــــﻪ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨــــﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﺟــــﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﻣﺤﺒـﻮﺱ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻤـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ ﭘـﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴـﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺻـﻮﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻣﻨـﺸﺄ ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٥‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ )ﻣـﺜﻼ" ‪ ٤٠‬ﺑـﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧـﺸﻚ )‪ (Dry‬ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺒﻼ" ﮔﻔﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺣﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ )ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﺩﻭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻥ( ))‪(Single Or Twin Screw(s‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪(Lobe Type‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ )‪(Sliding Vane‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )‪(Liquid Ring‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ )‪(Rotary Tooth‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ‪Screw(s) Or Helical Lobe‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٨٧٨‬ﺩﺭﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻧﺨـﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٣٤‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ‪ Lysholm‬ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺷﺪﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ (SRM) Sevenska Rotor Maskiner‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﺧـﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺘـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ" ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻬـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ )‪ (Surging‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺧـﺸﻚ )‪ (Oil Free‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Timming Gear‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪٣+٣‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ )ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺟـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﻌـﺮ(‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﺶ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ )‪ (Steep‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﺗﺎﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫‪(Built - in Compression‬ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭﻓــﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﻲ ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻓــﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫)‪Ratio‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠ - ٣٠ psig‬ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ‪ ((Trapped Pocket‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـﺎ" ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٥-١‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(٥-١‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ )‪(٣+٣‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ Hans Nilson ١٩٤٠‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ SRM‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻧـﺮﻱ )‪ (Male Rotor‬ﺑـﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺷـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Female Rotor‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ )ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ‪ (٤ + ٦‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺣـﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﺶ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺒﺖ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ)‪(٥-٢‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﺵ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Howden‬ﻛـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺗﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻧـﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ﺭﺍﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ )‪ (Oil Flooded‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(٥-٢‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ )‪(٤+٦‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ )‪ (Slid Valve‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺩﻫـﻪ ‪ ١٩٥٠‬ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺷﺪﺗﺎﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ‪SRM‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳـﻚ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻟﻐﺰﻧـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧــﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻴــﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٨‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳــﺴﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ( ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﻛﻮﭘﻜﻮﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٩٥٧‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻟﻐﺰﻧـﺪﻩ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٦٠‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺭﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻣﺘﻘـﺎﺭﻥ ‪ ((Asymmetric‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪١٩٦٩‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Sullair‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛـﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺭﺍﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٢‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ" ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﺣﺘـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫـﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﻴﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (Torr‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺑﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌـﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ)ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ ٧٥‬ﺗﺎ‪ ٨٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺟﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳـﻪ ﻣﻄﺒـﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴـﻞﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ‪ ١/٥‬ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﻜﻌـﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺧﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٠٠ - ١٥٠٠‬ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛـﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ)ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ(ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ)‪ (Sticky‬ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺮﻡ )‪ (Soft Deposit‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻟﻘـﻲ )‪(Clearance‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺀﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬـﺎﻱ ﺫﺍﺗـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺩﻫـﺶ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺑـﻪ ﺻـﺪﺍﺧﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻦ)‪(Silencer‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٣‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺗـﻚ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ )‪ (Single‬ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٥-٣‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺗﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (Twin‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥-٤‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٥-٣‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٥-٤‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﻼ"‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼ" ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺗﻠﻨﺪﻱ ‪ Howden‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٤١‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺧـﺸﻚ )‪ (Dry‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫)‪ (Oil Flooded‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺕ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺣـﺪﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٤‬ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ )‪ (Helical‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺩﺭﻫـﻢ ﺭﻓﺘﮕـﻲ )‪ (Inter Meshing‬ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ" ﺑﺪﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺮﻱ )‪ (Male‬ﻭﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ )‪ (Female‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧـﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ )‪ (Lobe‬ﻣﺤﺪﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(٨-١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺁﻧﺮﻩ ﭘﺮ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﺏ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻌﺮﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺟﻤـﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﻧـﺪﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺧـﻂ ﺩﻫـﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺩﻫـﺶ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﻋﻤـﻞ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻃـﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲﻫﺎﺷـﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﻣﻘﻌـﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ) ‪ (Timming Gear‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺭﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺭﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ﻭﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩﻱ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺰﻳـﺖ ﻳﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺩﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺣـﺪ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﻛـﻢ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪٤ (٨-٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٥-٥‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )‪ (A‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )‪(B‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )‪ (C‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )‪ (D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ) ‪ (D‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ) ‪ ( Vi‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ) ‪ ( rp‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ) ‪ ( Vi‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺠـﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻜﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Vi‬ﻭ ‪ rp‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٥-١‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪rp = Vi‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫)‪(٥-١‬‬
‫= ‪rp‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫= ‪k‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫= ‪Vi‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٥‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ‪Displacement‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ )‪ ،(Profile‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٥-٢‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪d ٣(L‬‬
‫= ‪Qc‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٢‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫= ‪Qr‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫= ‪d‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫= ‪L‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫= ‪c‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ‪ ٤+٦‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ٢,٢٣١‬ﻭﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ٢,٠٥٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Qd = Q r × N‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٣‬‬
‫‪Qi = Qd × E v‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٤‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ = ‪Q d‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ = ‪N‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ = ‪E v‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ = ‪Q i‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧـﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ = ‪Q d‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ = ‪N‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ = ‪E v‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ = ‪Qi‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٦‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪u = Rω = R.٢πN = πdN‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪٠,٢٥M‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)‪ ١ M‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺥ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪. (٥-٦‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ : (٥-٦‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴـﻚ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥-٧‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (٥-٨‬ﻭ )‪ (٥-٩‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﻪ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ )ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ : (٥-٧‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ) ‪ : (٥-٨‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ )‪ ( M=٢‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ‪ M=٥٦‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻣـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ ٧٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ‪٧٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪K −١‬‬
‫‪WA = P١ Q١‬‬ ‫)‪(rP K − ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٦‬‬
‫)‪η a (K − ١‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫=‪Wa‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫= ‪P١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫= ‪Q١‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫= ‪ηa‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪: (٥-٩‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪K −١‬‬
‫‪T١ (rP‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫)‪− ١‬‬
‫‪T٢ = t١ +‬‬ ‫‪× ηt‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٧‬‬
‫‪ηa‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ T١‬ﻭ ‪ t١‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ(‪ η öa ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ‪ η t‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪WS = Wat + Wmach‬‬ ‫)‪(٥-٨‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ )‪: (٥-١‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪d = ١٠۵‬‬
‫)‪. in (٠.٢۶۶٧m‬‬
‫‪L = ١۵‬‬
‫‪d .‬‬
‫‪M . W = ٢٨.٩۵‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪Q١ = ٢۵٠٠ acfm(١١٨‬‬‫)‪. m s‬‬
‫) ‪t١ = ١٠٠oF (٣٧.٨ oC‬‬
‫‪P١ = ١۴.۵ Psia = ١bar (a ) = ١٠١ Pa‬‬
‫‪P٢ = ۴٣۵‬‬
‫‪. Psia = ٣ bar (a ) = ٣٠٣ Pa‬‬
‫‪rP = ٣‬‬
‫‪K = ١٣٩۵‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪W = ١٧۴.٧١bs / min (١٣٢‬‬
‫)‪. Kg / s‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪d٣‬‬
‫‪( L / d ) ٠.٢۶۶٧ ٣ (١۵‬‬
‫)‪.‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫= ‪Qr‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= ٠.٠١٢٧۵ M rev‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪٢.٢٣١‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ( ٥-٨‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺗﻜﻢ ‪E v = ٨٩٪ ، ٣‬‬
‫‪Qd = ١١٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪١٣٢۶‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪m٣‬‬
‫‪٠.٨٩‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪١٣٢۶‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫= ‪N= d‬‬ ‫‪= ١٠۴ RPS = ۶٢۴٠ RPM‬‬
‫‪Qr ٠.٠١٢٧۵‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪KMgT = ١٣٩۵‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪× ٢٨.٩۵ × ٩.٨١(٢٧٣١‬‬
‫‪. + ٣٧.٨) = ٣۵١ m / s‬‬
‫‪πd RPM‬‬ ‫‪. × ٠.٢۶۶٧ × ۶٢۴٠‬‬
‫‪٣١۴‬‬
‫=‪u‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= ٨٧١‬‬
‫‪. m/ s‬‬
‫‪۶٠‬‬ ‫‪۶٠‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ) ‪ ، (٥-٦‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ، ٣‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ )‪ (u٠‬ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺕ ‪ u ٠ a = ٠.٢۵‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪u ٠ = ٠.٢۵ × ٣۵١ = ٨٧.٧۵ m / s‬‬
‫‪٨٧.١‬‬
‫‪u٠ ٨٧.٧۵ = ٠.٩٩٢۶‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪u‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ )‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺗﻠـﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (٥-١٠‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ : (٥-١٠‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ) ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫـﻮﺍ ( ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ)ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰ‪.(Microfiltter‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪ ،(Oil Free‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥-١١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ : (٥-١١‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ ،(DX‬ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒـﺮﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩَﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ )‪ (Drop Point‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣـﻞ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺰﻧـﻲ )‪ (Kettle Type‬ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎ )‪ (Skimmer‬ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺳـﻮﻡ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺜﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔـﺬﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣـﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ ) ﺧﺸﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ) ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٥-٢-٧‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ API٦١٩‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ )‪ ٤٠٠psig ( ٢٧,٢ bar‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪٢٦٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ) ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ( ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺳـﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷـﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮊﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻳـﺎ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪: ٥-٢-٨‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮊﺍﻛﺖ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ )‪ (Forging‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ )‪ (BarStock‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺁﺳﺘﻨﻴﺘﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Exotic‬ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻔﻠـﻦ )‪ (PTFE‬ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻛـﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩﻱ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻳـﺸﻲ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ‪ ٠,٠٠٦-٠٠,١mm‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼﹰﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٠,٥-١‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣـﻮﺵ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑـﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥-٢-٩‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻏﻼﻓﻲ )‪ (Sleeve‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ )‪ (Tilting Pad‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺑﻴـﺖ ﻗﻠـﻊ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ API٦١٩‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Tilt Pad‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺿﺪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
www.mohandes.org
www.mohandes.org
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ٨٣ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
:‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
Centrifugal Compressors
WWW.MOHANDES.ORG
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٦-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﻛـﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻭﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ )ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﺷﺪ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻭﺳﺒﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳـﻬﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔـﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﻛـﻢ ﻭﺩﺑـﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٣٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ)‪ (Blast Furnace‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻚ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳــﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻫــﻪ ‪ ١٩٣٠‬ﺻــﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒﺮﻳــﺪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﻛـﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﻭﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻟـﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧـﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻫـﻪ ‪١٩٥٠‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺻـﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ )‪ (Reliability‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺰﺭﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ٦‬ﺳـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺑـﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﺟـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ) ‪ (١٧٠٠ - ١٠٠٠٠٠٠ m hr‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
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‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺩﺭﺩﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍﻛﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻭﻳﺎﺍﺯﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Classification‬‬ ‫‪ :٦-٢‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺒــﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑــﻪ ﻫــﺮ ﺑﺤﺜــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨــﻪ ﻧﺨــﺴﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ )‪ (Stage‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ" ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨـﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﭽﻚ )‪ (Diffuser‬ﺭﺍﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﻣـﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ" ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ٦‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭﻳـﻚ ﺧﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻣـﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺍﻓﻘـﻲ )‪ (Horizental‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﻱ )‪ (Vertical‬ﻣــﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﻳــﻚ ﻃﺒﻘــﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛــﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻭﻳــﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Overhung‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ )‪(Vertical Split‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Barrel type‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﻛـﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺴﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ" ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ )‪ (Bull Gear‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ )‪ (Pinion‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(٦-٢‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-١‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٢‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ) ‪ (Casing‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻜـﺴﻲ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ"‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٣‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ‪Arrangement‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ" ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭ )ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ( ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣـﺪﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ(ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻧﺎﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ" ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻭﻳـﺰﺍﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪﺍ" ﻭﺟـﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺣﺎ" ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫)‪ (Beam Type‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٦-٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Beam - type‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ )‪ (Booster‬ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟــﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﮔــﺎﺯ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣــﺴﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴــﺮﻭﻥ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻣﺤﻜﻤــﻲ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬــﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-٤‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٤‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﻭﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﺎﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (٦-٥‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٥‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗـﻚ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭﺳـﭙﺲ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩﺍ"‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ )ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ( ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴـﺮﻭﺩ‬
‫)ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻫﻮﺍ( ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-٥‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﺎﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻠـﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺑﻌـﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺏ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ )‪ (Nozzel‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-٦‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺣﺎ" ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ )‪(Double Flow‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭼـﺸﻤﻪ )‪ (Eye‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘـﺸﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٦-٧‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﻳـﻚ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺗﺎ"‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٧‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻜﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٦‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺁﺭﺍﻳـﺶ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑﻠﺤـﺎﻅ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﻦ ﺁﻥ )ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ( ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٦-٨‬ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ )‪ (Back To Back‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺑـﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (Trust‬ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٨‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪،‬ﻭﺳـﭙﺲ ﺩﺭﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺑـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ )‪ (Side Stream‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-٩‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-٩‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﺎﺯﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ" ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧـﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ‪(Flashed To a‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ (vapor‬ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﻛـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺧﻔـﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Throttling‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Reboiler‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٤‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ‪Drive Methods‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭﻳـﻚ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ DC‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﺗـﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﺍﻗﺘــﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﭘــﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻨــﺎﻭﺏ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﺳــﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Synchrous‬ﻭﻳــﺎ ﺍﻟﻘــﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (Induction‬ﺗﻘــﺴﻴﻢ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﺳــﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌـﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻭﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺑﻌـﻀﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻧﻴﺰﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻭﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﻨﺒـﺴﻂ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﮔـﺎﺯ‪ ((Gas Expander‬ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﺎﺩﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬــﺮﻩ ﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣــﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻭﮔﺎﺯﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﮔﺎﺯﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ‪ ((Cryogenic‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﮔﺎﺯﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩﻭﺿﻤﻨﺎ"ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣـﺪﻱ ﮔـﺮﺍﻥ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ )‪ (Alignment‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٥‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ‪Performance‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٠‬ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺟﺮﺑـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺮﻱ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ‪ ((Vane‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Straightener Vanes‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑـﻪ ﭼـﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ)‪ (Guide Vane‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ )‪ (Pre Rotation‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Side Stream Nozzle‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١١‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ )‪ (Blank‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-١٠‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-١١‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎ" ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﺯﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎ" ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﭼـﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ‪((Vanes‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٦‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪Impellers‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ )ﻳـﺎﺩﻭ( ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Hub‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ )‪ (Blades‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻳـﺎﺩﻭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭﻋﻘﺐ ﻫﺮﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺳـﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﺯ )‪ (Open‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ )‪ (Shroud‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ )‪ (Semiopend‬ﻭﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ )‪ (Closed‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-١٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ‪ ((Blades‬ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺭﻭﺑـﻪ ﺟﻠـﻮ )‪ ،(Forward‬ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪ ((Radial‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‪ ( (Backward‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪(٦-١٣‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻪ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷـﻜﻞ )‪(٦-١٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٦-٧‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪Compressor Sizing‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩﺩﺭ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-١‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫‪H p = ZMT١‬‬ ‫‪(rp‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫)‪− ١‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-١‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪(٦-١٣‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪) γ‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ( ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪γ‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪P٢‬‬
‫‪Ln‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬
‫= ‪γ‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٢‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫‪Ln ٢ − Ln ٢‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬ ‫‪T١‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٦-١٤‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪ (T,P‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭﺧﻄـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘـﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴـﻚ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ % ٧٥‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٣‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ γ‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ηp‬ﺭﺍﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻘـﺪﺭ ﺗﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ γ‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪γ −١‬‬
‫= ‪ηp‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٣‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫‪k −١‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﻓـﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ T٢‬ﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٤‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪n −١‬‬
‫‪T٢ = T١rp‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٤‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽـﻚ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ٣٠٠٠‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜـﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ ٢٨‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ )ﺍﺯﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫـﺮ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ ٦٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺟـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ‪ ٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧٠‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌـﺪﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺩﺳـﺖ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺭﺍﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠,٢‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺩﻫـﺶ ‪٢٥٠ o C‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٨‬ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫‪µ p u ٢٢‬‬
‫= ‪Hp‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫= ‪Hp‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪µ p = ٠,٤٨‬‬ ‫ﺿــﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﭘــﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴــﻚ‬
‫= ‪u٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫=‪g‬‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺛﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺬﻭﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ u ٢‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٥‬ﻭﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻂ ﻣـﻮﺭﺏ ﺣـﺪ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌـﺪﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٦‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫‪۶٠u ٢‬‬
‫=‪N‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٦‬‬
‫‪πd ٢‬‬
‫=‪N‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺩﺭﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ = ‪u ٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫= ‪d٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(٦-١٥‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗـﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺠـﺎ ﻫﻨـﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ‪ Q in‬ﺩﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Qin‬‬
‫= ‪Qd‬‬ ‫‪z −١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫)‪(٦-٧‬‬
‫‪(r‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪z‬‬
‫‪)γ‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ‪ rp‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ‪ Z‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫‪δ = ٠.۴٠۵‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٨‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺑﻲ) ‪ ( δ‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Nd ٢٣‬‬
‫=‪Q‬‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫=‪N‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫= ‪d٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ δ‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠,١‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠,٠٢‬ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ δ‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٥‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻂ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤـﺎ ‪ ((Guide Line‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ δ‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٦-١٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(٦-١٦‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ δ‬ﺣﺪﻭ‬
‫‪ ٠,٠٧‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ η‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺻـﺤﺖ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ η‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٦-٩‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪wH p‬‬
‫= ‪Wp‬‬ ‫‪+ Mech. Losses‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-٩‬‬
‫‪ηp‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ % ١‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺎﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٦-١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ∆P‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ % ٢‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %٢‬ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ (٠,١٥ bar) ٢ psi‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎﻳﻲ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٦ oC‬ﺭﺍﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Q١ = ١٧٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫‪Wm = ٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫= ‪M‬‬ ‫‪٢٨,٤٦‬‬
‫= ‪P١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭ )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ(‬
‫= ‪t١‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ‪ = ٣٠٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫= ‪K‬‬ ‫‪١,٣٩٥‬‬
‫= ‪P٢‬‬ ‫‪٢,٧٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ )ﻣﻄﻠﻖ(‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ ηp = ٧۵%‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪γ − ١ k − ١ ١ ١٣٩۵‬‬‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪−١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫=‬ ‫×‬ ‫=‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪⇒ γ = ١۶٠٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪ηp‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪١٣٩۵‬‬ ‫‪٠.٧۵‬‬
‫‪P٢ ٢.٧٢‬‬
‫= ‪rp‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= ٢.٧٢‬‬
‫‪P١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪:(٦-١‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ Zavg = ١‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪١۶٠٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫⎡‬ ‫(‬
‫‪١.۶٠٨−١‬‬
‫)‬ ‫⎤‬
‫(‪H p = ١ × ٢٨.۴۶ × ٣٠۵‬‬ ‫‪) ⎢(٢.٧٢) ١.۶٠٨ − ١⎥ = ١١٠٧۶ m‬‬
‫‪١۶٠٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫⎣ ‪−١‬‬ ‫⎦‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ٣٠٤٨‬ﻣﺘﺮ)ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ (١٠٠٠٠ ft. lb lb‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪١١٠٧۶‬‬
‫=‪Z‬‬ ‫‪= ٣.۶٣ ≅ ۴‬‬
‫‪٣٠۴٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪١١٠٧۶‬‬
‫= ‪Hp‬‬ ‫‪= ٢٧۶٩‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ µ = ٠. ۴٨‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫‪Hp × g‬‬ ‫‪٢٧۶٩ × ٩.٨١ ٠.۵‬‬
‫( = ‪u٢‬‬ ‫( = ‪) ٠.۵‬‬ ‫‪) = ٢٣٨ m s‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪٠.۴٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ‪ ،Q‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٥‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻓـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪) ١٧,٣in‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٠,٤٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪۶٠ × ٢٣٨‬‬
‫=‪N‬‬ ‫‪= ١٠٣۴٩ RPM‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫‪π × ٠.۴۴‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪١٧۵‬‬
‫= ‪Q۴‬‬ ‫‪۴ −١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪= ١٠٩.۵‬‬ ‫‪m٣ / min‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫‪(٢.٧٢‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪١.۶٠٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪(٦-٨‬‬

‫)‪δ ١ = (٠.۴٠۵ × ١٧۵‬‬ ‫‪= ٠.٠٨ ⇒ η p = ٠.٧٩‬‬
‫) ‪(١٠٣۴٩ × ٠.۴۴ ٣‬‬
‫)‪δ ۴ = (٠.۴٠۵ × ١٠٩.۵‬‬ ‫‪= ٠.٠۵ ⇒ η p = ٠.٧٩‬‬
‫) ‪(١٠٣۴٩ × ٠.۴۴ ٣‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ηp = ٠. ٧٩‬ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪γ − ١ ١٣٩۵‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪−١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫=‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪= ٠.٣۵٩ ⇒ γ = ٢.٧٨٧‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪١٣٩۵‬‬ ‫‪٠.٧٩‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ γ‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪T٢ = ٣٠۵(٢.٧٢) ٠.٣۵٩ = ۴٣٧K = ١۶۴ o C‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ ٠,٠١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪. × ٩.٨١ × ٣.٣ × ١١٠٧۶‬‬
‫‪١٠١‬‬
‫= ‪Wp‬‬ ‫‪= ۴۵٨.۴‬‬ ‫‪KW‬‬
‫‪١٠٠٠ × ٠.٧٩‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘـﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴـﻚ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩﺍ" ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛـﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ٠,٠١‬ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٨‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ‪Surging‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٨-١‬ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ Surge‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦-١٧‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ Q = ٠‬ﺭﺳـﻢ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻠﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Surge Limit‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٦-١٧‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ" ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭﻋﻘـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (Thrust Bearing‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪١٠٠ - ٢٠٠٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ‪ ١٠٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪﺍ" ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ )‪ (Surge‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘـﻪ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺛـﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﭘـﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴـﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pd − Ps‬‬
‫= ‪Hp‬‬ ‫)‪(٦-١٠‬‬
‫‪ρ‬‬
‫= ‪Pd‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫= ‪Ps‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫= ‪ρ‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫= ‪Hp‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‪ .‬ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ Surge‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺋﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻗـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻧﭙﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ )ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ( ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻧﻤﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧـﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤـﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻼ" ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ )‪ (Voulte‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒـﺸﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧـﺴﻴﻞ )ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ( ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫـﺶ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺎ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ( ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫= ‪ E c‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌـﺎ" ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧـﺴﻴﻞ )ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ(‬
‫‪V١ρv ٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫـﺶ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﻛـﻢ ﭘﺮﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ" ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﺻـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷـﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﺎﺯﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻜـﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ(‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ )ﻣﻜﺶ ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﺩﻫﺶ(‬
‫ﻩ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦-٨-٢‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺻﺨﺮﻩ ‪Stonewall‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪) H - Q‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ -‬ﺩﺑﻲ( ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻣﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻭﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳــﻞ ﺍﺻــﻠﻲ ﭘــﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﻧــﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻳــﺴﻪ ﺑــﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )‪ (Design Point‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﺎﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷـﺪﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﻋﺎﻳـﺪ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ )ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ( ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ )‪ (Steep‬ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻼﺣﺎ" ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻـﺨﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (Stonewall‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺟﺰﺋـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺗـﻮﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻛــــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳــــﻦ ﺣــــﻮﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺻــــﻴﻪ ﻧﻤــــﻲ ﺷــــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷــــﻜﻞ)‪ (٦-١٨‬ﻃﺮﺣــــﻲ ﺍﺯﺷــــﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﻴﻐـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽـﻚ ‪(Diffuser‬‬
‫‪ (Vane‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷـﺪﻥ ﻭﺻـﺨﺮﻩ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺩﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪:(٦-١٨‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑـﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺥ )‪ (Mach‬ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭﻳﺎﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻼﻗـﻲ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭﻋـﺪﺩﻣﺎﺥ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Choke‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﭙﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﺟﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ" ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻛـﻢ ﻭﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ K‬ﺩﺭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﻋﺪﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻗـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﺎ" ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﭼـﺎﺭ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ‪Choke‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ )‪ (Surge Line‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩ ﻛــﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨــﻲ ﻣﺸﺨــﺼﻪ ﻛﻠــﻲ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻃﺒﻘــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﮕــﺎﻩ ﻇــﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣــﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭﺷـﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷـﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
www.mohandes.org
www.mohandes.org
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ١٠٧ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
:‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
Compressore Lubrication
WWW.MOHANDES.ORG
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪:٧-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﻴـﺮ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻘـﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪:‬‬
‫* ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ )‪ (Reliability‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ :‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻴـﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛـﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﻴـﺮ ﺑﻜـﺲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ ٣٠٠٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥٠٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٧-٢‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :(a‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ :(b‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫‪ :(c‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫‪ :(d‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ :(e‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪(Chemical and Thermal Degradation Products of Oils‬‬
‫‪ :(f‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪((Sealing‬‬
‫‪ :(g‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ‬
‫‪ :(h‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٧-٣‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﺳـﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ )‪ (Viscosity‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ )‪ (Viscosity Index‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ )ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ(ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﻥ )‪ ،(Rust‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (Corrosion‬ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﺶ )‪ (Wear‬ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Detergent‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻻﺑﻪ ﻻﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺳـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻳﺖ ﻭﺁﺗﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ (٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪: ٧-٤‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷـﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬـﺎﻱ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺎﻣـﺖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺷـﻘﻚ ﭘﺮﺗـﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻭﻳﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﻦ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (Oil Cooler‬ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﺒـﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺒـﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪﻫـﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Fins‬ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ( ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‪ ٧٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﺷـﺸﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Splash Type‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ‪٨٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﻳـﺎ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (Reservoir‬ﻧـﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٥٥‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﻟـﻪ )‪ (Shell and Tube‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ )‪ (Tube‬ﻭﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ )‪ (Shell‬ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺗـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﻳـﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٦٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻛـﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Sticky Mass‬ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺭﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺭﺳـﻮﺏ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻫـﺶ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ( ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺰﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ٢٥‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ ٣٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻌـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ" ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ١٢‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺳـﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢,٣‬ﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﺎ )‪ (Sight Glass‬ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ )‪ (Strainer‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ )‪ (Filter‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ‪(Full Flow‬‬
‫‪ (Filter‬ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻋﺎﺩﻱ( ﻭﻳﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﺗﺮ )ﻣـﺜﻼ" ‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ )‪ (Down Stream‬ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﻦ ﻧـﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫـﺎ ﻫﺮﮔـﺰ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (Relief Valve‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ )‪ (Automatic By-Pas‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔـﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ‪(Internal Circulating‬‬
‫‪ (Flow‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ ٠,٣٥‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ )‪ (Plugging‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻧـﺼﺐ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪(Low‬‬
‫‪ ( Oil Pressure Switch‬ﻭﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (Relief Valve‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ )‪ (Diffrential‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ )‪ (Auxiliary‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ )‪ (Main Pump‬ﻭﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﻌـﺪﺍﺯ ﺧـﺎﻣﻮﺵ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٧-٥‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ )‪(Splash Type‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ )‪(Gravity Type‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪(Force Feed Type‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ )‪(Injection Or Flooded Type‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٧-٥-١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺷﻘﻚ( ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺎﺗﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﻭﻳـﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ‪(Single‬‬
‫‪ (Acting‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﭼـﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪ :٧-٥-٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘـﻞ( ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎﻣﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(٧-١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺳـﺮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(٧-٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٧-١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ)‪(٧-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥ -٥-‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﮋﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻭ‪ ...‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٥-٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺒـﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪ (Gear Type Pump‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ ‪(Plunger Type‬‬
‫‪ (Pump‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ )ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ‪ (...‬ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ" ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٧-٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٧-٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺣﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٧-٤‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺻﺎﻓﻲ )‪ (Srainer‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳـﺰ )ﺗـﺎ ‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ( ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪ ،(VS‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ (VP‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪Minimum Pressure Valve‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٧-٦‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻘـﻲ )‪ (Clearance‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻭﻋـﺪﻡ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺣﺘـﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ٢١ :١‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Timing Gear‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮔـﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻳﻨـﻪ )‪ (Male Rotor‬ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺗـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ )‪(Female Rotor‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﻭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ )‪ (Bores‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﻣﺜﻼ" ‪ ٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ(‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻨﺤـﻮﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻭﻻ" ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺿـﻤﻨﺎ" ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ‬
‫)‪ (Pumping Losses‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٧‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺑـﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٠‬ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪١١‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﮔﺮﻣـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ " ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ )ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻻ"‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ" ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻳـﺎﺁﺏ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧـﺴﺮ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ( ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (After Cooler‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺩﻫـﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺗـﺎﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﺴﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Flashing‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ" ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )‪ (Shaft Power‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ % ٨٥‬ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪٪٨٥ WS = ٠,٠٠١١٦٢ q L *ρL * C PL * ∆T‬‬ ‫)‪(٧-١‬‬
‫= ‪WS‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫= ‪qL‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫= ‪ρL‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫= ‪C PL‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫= ‪∆T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪:٧-٧‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻭﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺭﺍﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜــﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﻛــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑــﻪ ﺧﺮﻳــﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺻــﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﻜـﻮﻟﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻛﻴﺪﺍ" ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻨـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠـﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻜـﺎﺕ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛـﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺭﺳـﻮﺏ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻫــﺶ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﻲ ﻣــﻲﮔــﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤــﻴﻦ ﺧــﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻣــﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣــﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ" ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳـﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻭﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‪،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﺀ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷــﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻬــﺎ ﺑــﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﻴــﺎﻥ ﻭﻳــﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ" ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ"ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻙ )‪ (c.st‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬
‫=‪υ‬‬ ‫)‪(٧-٢‬‬
‫‪ρ‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ )‪ (International Standard Viscosity Grading‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻـﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،(ISO VG‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ ‪٣٤٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ISO‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﻗﺒﻼ" ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ )‪ (SAE‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬
‫‪ (ISO‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓــﻲ ﻣــﻲﮔــﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٥-١‬ﺗﺒــﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳــﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬــﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒــﺎ" ﺑﺮﺍﺳــﺎﺱ )‪VG‬‬
‫‪ (ISO‬ﻧــﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑــﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﻳــﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦﻫــﺎ ﺍﺯ )‪ (C.St‬ﺑــﻪ )‪ (SAE‬ﻭ )‪VG‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‬
‫)ﻭﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٧-١‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Viscosity lndex‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧـﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳـﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧـﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Pour Point‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺳـﻴﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛـﻢ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺳـﺮﺩﺗﺮ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﺎﺁﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ‪Floc Point‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﻣﺒﺮﺩ )‪ (R ١٢‬ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻤﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ‪١٠‬‬
‫‪ %‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﺳﺮﺩ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣـﻮﻡ )‪(Wax‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪﻱ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺑـﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ)‪ (Synthetic‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪﻣﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ‪Vapour Pressure‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ،t‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ،t‬ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻳﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺠﻮﺵ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻳـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ‪Flash Point‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ‪ -‬ﻫـﻮﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺭﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ‪Fire Point‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‪،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﺎ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪Auto Ignition Temprature‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺳـﻮﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴـﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ ﻣـﺸﺘﻌﻞ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ" ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ﺁﺗـﺶ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨـﮓ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩ ﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻼﻟﻴـﺖ ﻣﺒـﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﻛـﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ ﻧـﺼﺐ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻗـﻒ‬
‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻧـﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ )‪ (Henry's Law‬ﺣﻼﻟﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺗـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣﺒـﺮﺩ ﺣـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ‪ .(Carry Over‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧـﻼﺹ ﻛـﻦ‬
‫)‪ (Relief Valve‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻳـﻚ ﺻـﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Strainer‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﺑـﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴــﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜــﺎﺭﻱ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻤــﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰﺍﺕ ﺟــﺎﻧﺒﻲ )ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻨــﻚ ﻛــﻦ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌـﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﺁﻥ )ﻣﻴـﻞ ﻟﻨـﮓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ‪ (...‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﻮﺗﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﺋـﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭ ﻭﻳـﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ‪Gas Drying‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -٨-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ )ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ( ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﮓﺯﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﭙﺎﮊﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ … ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ) ‪Natural‬‬
‫‪ (Gases‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪CO ٢‬ﻭ ‪H ٢ S‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘـﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٢‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑـﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ )‪ (Saturated‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﻃـﻮﺏ )‪(W et‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃـﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـ ﹰﺎ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Relative Humidity‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ )‪ (R. H‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٨-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-١‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٨-١‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌـﺐ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٨-١‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ t‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋـﻲ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ t‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‪t‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٣‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﻨﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺧﺸﻚ )‪ (Dry- Bulb temprature‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻـﻪ‬
‫)‪ (D. B‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﺘﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﺘﻴﻠﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﺳـﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺘﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣـﺪﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺣﺒـﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻃـﻮﺏ ) ‪Wet- Bulb tem‬‬
‫‪ (prature‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ)‪ (W. B‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮﭼـﻪ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ D. B‬ﻭ‪ W. B‬ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،D. B ،(٨-٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ D. B‬ﺑﺎ ‪ W. B‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ )‪ (Psychometric chart‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ )‪ (Dew Point‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ )‪ (Dew Point‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺸﻚﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٨-٢‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ D. B‬ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪W. B‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺷــﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫــﺎ ﺑــﺪﻭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺷــﺒﻨﻢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ )‪ (Free Dew Point‬ﻭﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺷــﺒﻨﻢ ﺗﺤــﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)‪ (Pressure Dew Point‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷـﺒﻨﻢ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ٨‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ)‪ (-٢١‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ )‪ (-٢١‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ‪ ٠/٨‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺗـﺎ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺗﻤـﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ‪ ٨‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺒـﺴﻂ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ ٠/١‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ‪ ٠/١‬ﮔـﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌـﺐ )‪(-٤١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷـﺒﻨﻢ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٨‬ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ‪(-٢١) ،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ‪-‬ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ )‪ (-٤١‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٤‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ؟‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠـﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺳﺮﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨـﻚﻛـﻦﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ )ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺗﻠـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ )‪ (Condensate Trap‬ﺍﺯ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛـﻦ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳـﺦ ﺩﺭﺁﻳـﺪ‬
‫)ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧـﺸﻚﻛـﻦ ﻣﺒـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳـﺦ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕـﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﭘﻨﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٥‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ )‪(Over- Compression‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪Cooling‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﺮﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ‪Refrigeration Drying‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ‪Adsorption‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪Absorption‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬
‫‪ :٨-٥-١‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻤـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺑﻲﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٥-٢‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ )‪ (٨-١‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٥-٣‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺗـﺎ ‪ +٢ ٠C‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺪ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ )‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺧـﺸﻚﺷـﺪﻩ)‪ (٥‬ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢-٤‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺸﻚﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺟـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (٣‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺒـﺮﺩ ﺧﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ )‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ(ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ‪ Economizer‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٨-٣‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )‪ ،(٦‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﺮ )‪ ،(٨‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ )‪ ،(١٢‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (٣‬ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ R-١٢‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ R -٢٢‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗـﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪R -١٣٤a‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﺮﺩﻥ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ( ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳـﺖﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ )ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ( ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٨-٥-٤‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷـﺒﻨﻢ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ )ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ (-١٠٠c‬ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﮊﻝ ) ‪ ،(SIO ٢‬ﺑﻮﻛـﺴﻴﺖ )ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ‪ (Al٢O٣‬ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨـﺎ ﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ Al٢O٣‬ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﻭ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ )‪ (Molecular Sieves‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ) ‪Na , Alo٢‬‬
‫‪ (, Sio٢‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٤A‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ )ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ (٥٠٠-٨٠٠ m gr‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٤‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٨-٤‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃـﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺧﺸﻚﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ٠/١– ٠/٥‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٥‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٨-٥‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـ ﹰﺎ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﻗﻠـﻮ‬
‫)‪ (Duplex‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﺣﻴـﺎﺀ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺍﺣﻴـﺎﺀﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ )ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﺷﺪﻥ( ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١٠-٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤـﺴﻔﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٨-٦‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ)‪ (Heat Less‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٨-٦‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺣـﺎﻝ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻧـﻮﺑﺘﻲ )‪(Batch‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻦﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺪﺕ ‪ ٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﺧﺸﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺍﺣﻴـﺎﺀ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤‬ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕﺯﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻭ … ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻫﺪﺭﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪-٢٠‬‬
‫ﻼ )ﻫﻮﺍ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻴـﺐ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٨-٣‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﻭﺵ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋـﻲ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲﺳـﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫)ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺟﺬﺏﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ( ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﭘـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٨-٣‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻌ ﹰﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻃـﻮﺏ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﺯﺩﺍﺋـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺷـﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺁﺏ )ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖﮔﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﻏﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻔﻴـﺪ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٨-٧‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٣٠-٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣـﻲ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٥-٥٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ :٨-٥-٥‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺸﻚﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻛـﻨﺶ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﻴـﻮﻡ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻠـﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬
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‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ١٣٦ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
١: R.N . Brown , “ Compressors : Selection & Sizing “ , Gulf Pub . Co. , ١٩٨۶
٢:“Compressor Handbook for the Hydrocarbon Processing Industries “ , Gulf Pub. Co . ,

١٩٧٩
٣: P. Pichot , “ Compressor Application Engineering “ Vol . ١, Gulf Pub. , Co. , ١٩٨۶
۴:P. A . O , Neel , “ Industrial Compressors , Theory and Equipment “ ,

Butterworth Henemann , ١٩٩٣
۵: J . P . Rollins , “ Compressed Air and Gas Handbook “ ۵th ed . , Prentice Hall Co . ,

١٩٨٩
۶: L . F . Scheel , “ Gas Machinary “, Gulf Pub . Co .
٧: “ Atlas Copco Manual “ , Atlas Copco . , ١٩٧۵
٨: J . J Mc Ketta , “ Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design “ , Vol . ١٠
٩ :” ASHRAE Handbook , Equipment Volume “ , ١٩٨٣
١٠: R . E . Ludwing “ Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical

Plants “ , Vol ٣ , Gulf Pub . Co . , ١٩٨٣
١١: R . H . Perry ,” Chemical Engineering Handbook “ , ۶th Ed . , Mc Graw Hill Co . ,

١٩٨۴
١٢:“Reciprocating Compressor ,Gas Engines and Engine Compressors “ , Nuovo Pignone

Co .
١٣: P . Steinruck , F . Ottitsch , A . Oberhuber , M . Linskeseder , “ Better Reciprocating

Compressor Capaciaty Control “ , Hyd . Proc. , Feb . ١٩٩٧ ,
١۴: R . F . Neerken , “ Key To Compressor Selection “ , Chem . Eng . Jan . ٢٠ , ١٩٧۵
١۵: P . C . Bevis , “ Air Compressors , Control and Installation “ ,

٢nd Ed . , Pitman Pub . , ١٩٧١
١۶ :” Air Compressor Evaluation “ , Worthington Compressors “, Inc . , ١٩٧۶
١٧:H.V.Ormer, “ Optimize Your Plant s Compressed Air System” , Chem. Eng

.Prog.Feb١٩٩۵
١٨:”Compressor Installation Manual “ , Atlas Copco Co
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‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫)‪ :(١-١‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﻲ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫)‪ :(١-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٢-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(٢-٢‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫‪ :٢-١٠‬ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ISOTHERMAL PROCESS‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫⇒ ‪γ = ±∞ ⇒ P γ ⋅ V = C‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ = ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪(Isochor‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-١‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P- V‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻚ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺩﻳﺎﺑﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻴـﺴﺮ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٣‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢-٤‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P- V‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ :٣-٤‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫)‪ (Reciprocating‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ )‪ (Rotary‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ٢٦ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-١‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٢‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٣‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٤‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﺩﻫﺶ(ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٥‬ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤-٦‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ‪ P-V‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ره آوران ﻓﻨﻮن ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬