MIdterm Sol

전자기학 Midterm test
A-1, B-3, C-2. [10점]
Sol)
1 𝜕 2 1 𝜕 1 𝜕𝐴𝜙 1 𝜕 cos2 𝜃 1
∇ ⋅ 𝐴⃗ = 2
(𝑟 𝐴𝑟 ) + (sin 𝜃 𝐴𝜃 ) + = 2 (𝑟 2 ) = − 4 cos2 𝜙
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟3 𝑟
2𝜋 𝜋 2
1
∫∇ ⋅ 𝐴⃗ = ∫ ∫ ∫ (− cos2 𝜙) 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜙
𝑣 0 0 1 𝑟4
2𝜋 𝜋 2
1
= ∫ cos2 𝜙 𝑑𝜙 ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫ (− ) 𝑑𝑟
0 0 1 𝑟2
𝜋 𝜋 2
1 + cos 2𝜙 1
=∫ ( ) 𝑑𝜙 ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫ (− 2 ) 𝑑𝑟
0 2 0 1 𝑟
2𝜋
𝜙 1 1 2
= ( + sin 2𝜙 )] (− cos 𝜃)]𝜋0 ( )]
2 4 0 𝑟 1
2𝜋 1
= ( − 0) (1 + 1) ( − 1) = −𝜋
2 2
A-2, B-1, C-4. [20점]
Sol)
𝑅2 𝜌0 𝐷𝑟 𝑅2 𝜌0
∮𝑠 𝐷𝑑𝑠 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝐷𝑟 = 𝑄 = ∫𝑉 𝜌𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 4𝜋𝑅2 𝜌0 ⇒ 𝐷𝑟 = ⇒ 𝐸= =
𝑟2 𝜖 𝑟 2𝜖
𝑅
𝑅2 𝜌0 𝑅2 𝜌0 𝑅 1 𝑅2 𝜌0 1 𝑅 𝑅2 𝜌0 1 𝑅𝜌0
𝑉 = − ∫ 𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑𝑙 = − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑟 = − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑟 = − (− )] = − (− + 0) =
𝐿 ∞ 𝑟 𝜖 𝜖 ∞𝑟 𝜖 𝑟 ∞ 𝜖 𝑅 𝜖
A-3, B-4, C-1. [20점]
Sol)
𝑃1 = 𝑄𝑑𝑧̂ 𝑃2 = −𝑄𝑑𝑧̂
𝑅1 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − ℎ)2 𝑅2 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 + ℎ)2
√𝑦 2 +(𝑧−ℎ)2 √𝑦 2 +(𝑧+ℎ)2
cos 𝜃1 = cos 𝜃2 =
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +(𝑧−ℎ)2 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +(𝑧+ℎ)2
𝑄𝑑√𝑦 2 +(𝑧−ℎ)2 𝑄𝑑√𝑦 2 +(𝑧+ℎ)2

𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 = 𝑄𝑑 cos 𝜃1 = 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 = −𝑄𝑑 cos 𝜃2 =
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +(𝑧−ℎ)2 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +(𝑧+ℎ)2
𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 𝑄𝑑 √𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − ℎ)2 √𝑦 2 + (𝑧 + ℎ)2

𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = 2+ 2 = 4𝜋𝜖 ((𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − ℎ)2 )3/2 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 + ℎ)2 )3/2 )
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅1 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅2 0
A-4, B-2, C-3. [10점]
Sol)
(a) 𝜌𝑝𝑠 = 𝑃⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑠 = 𝑃0 𝑟𝑎̂𝑟 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑠 = 𝑃0 𝑟
1 𝜕 2 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 3
𝜌𝑝𝑣 = −∇ ⋅ 𝑃⃗⃗ = − ( (𝑟 𝑃0 𝑟) + (0) + (0)) = − 2 𝑃0 𝑟 2 = −3𝑃0
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟
(b) 𝑖) 𝑟 < 𝑅
4
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑠⃗ = 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝐷𝑟 = 𝑄 = 𝜋𝑟 3 (−3𝑃0 ) = −4𝜋𝑟 3 𝑃0
∮𝐷 ⇒ 𝐷𝑟 = −𝑟𝑃0
3
𝑖𝑖) 𝑟 ≥ 𝑅
4
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑠⃗ = 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝐷𝑟 = 𝑄 = 𝜋𝑟 3 (−3𝑃0 ) + 4𝜋𝑟 2 (𝑃0 𝑅) = 0
∮𝐷 ⇒ 𝐷𝑟 = 0
3
A,B,C-5. [50점]
𝑑2𝑉
Sol) From Laplace equation, ∇2 𝑉 = = 0.
𝑑𝑧 2
𝐵 𝑧 + 𝐶1 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑉(𝑧) = { 1
𝐵2 𝑧 + 𝐶2 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 > 0
𝑉0
𝑉(𝑑) = 𝑉0 , 𝑉(0) = 0, 𝐸𝑧 (0− ) = 𝐸𝑧 (0+ ) ⇒ 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 0, 𝐵1 = 𝐵2 =
𝑑
𝑉0
𝑉(𝑧) = 𝑧
𝑑
𝑉
(a) 𝐸⃗⃗ = −∇𝑉 = − 0 𝑧̂
𝑑
2𝑉0
𝜖0 (𝑥 < 0)
위 도체: 𝑎̂𝑠 = −𝑧̂ ⇒ ⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑎⃗𝑠 = 𝑉0 𝜖 = { 𝑑
𝜌𝑠 = 𝐷
𝑑 𝑉0
𝜖0 (𝑥 > 0)
𝑑
2𝑉0
− 𝜖0 (𝑥 < 0)
아래 도체: 𝑎̂𝑠 = 𝑧̂ ⇒ ⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑎⃗𝑠 = − 𝑉0 𝜖 = {
𝜌𝑠 = 𝐷 𝑑
𝑑 𝑉0
− 𝜖0 (𝑥 > 0)
𝑑
𝜖 1 𝑉 2 𝐴𝑑 3𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴
(b) 𝐸 = ∫ |𝐸|2 𝑑𝑣 = (𝜖𝑟=1 + 𝜖𝑟=2 ) | 0 | ( ) =
2 2 𝑑 2 4𝑑
(c) : 𝐴 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 𝑎1 𝑤 + 𝑎2 𝑤
1 𝑉0 2 (𝑎1 − 𝐿)𝑤𝑑 1 𝑉0 2 (𝑎2 + 𝐿)𝑤𝑑

𝐸2 = 𝜖𝑟=2 ( ) ( ) + 𝜖𝑟=1 ( ) ( )
2 𝑑 2 2 𝑑 2
𝑉0 2 𝑎1 𝑤𝑑 − 𝐿𝑤𝑑 𝑎2 𝑤𝑑 + 𝐿𝑤𝑑
= 𝜖0 ( ) ( + )
𝑑 2 4
𝜖0 𝑉0 2 𝑎2 𝑤𝑑 + 𝐿𝑤𝑑
= ( ) (𝑎1 𝑤𝑑 − 𝐿𝑤𝑑 + )
2 𝑑 2
= ( ) (𝑎1 𝑤𝑑 + 𝑎2 𝑤𝑑 − )
2 𝑑 2
= ( ) (𝐴𝑑 − )
2 𝑑 2
𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴2 𝐿𝑤
= (𝐴 − − )
2𝑑 2 2
3𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴2 𝐿𝑤 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴2 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐿𝑤 𝜖0 𝑉02

∆𝐸 = 𝐸 − 𝐸2 = − (𝐴 − − )= + + = (𝐴 + 𝐴2 + 𝐿𝑤)
4𝑑 2𝑑 2 2 4𝑑 4𝑑 4𝑑 4𝑑
𝜕𝐸 𝜖0 𝑉02
𝐹= =− (𝐴 + 𝐴2 + 𝐿𝑤)
𝜕𝑑 4𝑑2

MIdterm Sol

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전자기학 Midterm test

A-1, B-3, C-2. [10점]

A-2, B-1, C-4. [20점]

𝑄𝑑√𝑦 2 +(𝑧−ℎ)2 𝑄𝑑√𝑦 2 +(𝑧+ℎ)2

𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑟 𝑄𝑑 √𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − ℎ)2 √𝑦 2 + (𝑧 + ℎ)2

A-4, B-2, C-3. [10점]

(a) 𝜌𝑝𝑠 = 𝑃⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑠 = 𝑃0 𝑟𝑎̂𝑟 ⋅ 𝑎̂𝑠 = 𝑃0 𝑟

1 𝑉0 2 (𝑎1 − 𝐿)𝑤𝑑 1 𝑉0 2 (𝑎2 + 𝐿)𝑤𝑑

3𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴2 𝐿𝑤 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐴2 𝜖0 𝑉02 𝐿𝑤 𝜖0 𝑉02

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