Maintenance and Repair Manual: For JGR:J Heavy Duty Balanced Opposed Reciprocating Compressors

Maintenance
and Repair
Manual
For JGR:J Heavy Duty Balanced Opposed
Reciprocating Compressors
ARIEL CORPORATION
35 BLACKJACK ROAD, MOUNT VERNON, OHIO 43050
TELEPHONE: 740-397-0311 • FAX: 740-397-3856
VISIT OUR WEB SITE: www.arielcorp.com
REV: 3/17A
REVISION HISTORY
Rev. 12/16
201601090 - 12-9-16: APPENDIX A - Fastener Torques (ER-96.2.3) - Page 4, "Crosshead Guide to Support", Type: "Hex - Grade 9 12 Point - Grade
8" WAS "Hex - Grade 8 or 9" .
Added Revision History Page.
Rev. 3/17
201601385 - 2-8-17: SECTION 4- Valves (ER-96.5.2.2) - "Valve Installation", #3: Moved "Do not replace plastic thumbscrews with metal." to #4.
"Valve Cap Installation", 1st ¶, last sentence: "round metallic gasket" WAS "round gasket".
"Valve Caps with Spring Energized Seals": #1 - added "Verify valve retainer openings are aligned with the cylinder gas passage. Re-tighten thumb
screws, if applicable."; #3 - "so the roll pins engage the clearance slots in the seal keeper." WAS ". Align valve cap roll pins so they are parallel with the
main bore of the cylinder. This aligns the retainer openings with the cylinder gas passage."; deleted "Tighten thumb screws, if applicable."; #5 - deleted.
201600756 - 2-8-17: SECTION 3- Maintenance (ER-8.2) - Page 1: added "Continuous Duty: The compressor operates continuously, 24 hours a day,
shutting down only for short durations, usually for maintenance and unexpected shut-downs.
Short-Term Intermittent Duty: The compressor operates for short durations, starting and stopping perhaps several times per month/week/day, such as
in many CNG filling station applications.
Long-Term Intermittent Duty: The compressor operates continuously for extended durations, with extended shut-down periods, such as in some
storage/withdrawal applications and fuel gas booster applications."
One-Year Maintenance, #11, 4th bullet: added ":C:D:F".
201700208 - 3-7-17: APPENDIX B- Clearances (ER-96.3.3) - Table 1: Title - "Frame and Running Gear" was "Main Component"; "Crosshead
(Babbitted Ductile Iron) to Guide - JGJ/JGR": added "(Feeler Gauge)"; "Crosshead (Babbitted Bronze) to Guide": added "(Feeler Gauge)"; "Crosshead
(Gray Iron) to Guide - JGW": added "(Feeler Gauge)"; created new Table 2 "JGR:W:J Piston End Clearances, in. (mm)" from all piston end clearances
listed in Table 1; moved footnotes from Table 1 to new Table 2.
Existing table deletions: Table 2 "JGR:W:J Side Clearances for New Piston Rings, in. (mm)"; Table 3 "JGR:W:J Side Clearances for New Rider Rings,
in. (mm)"; Table 4 "JGR:W:J Side Clearances for New Packing Ringss, in. (mm)".
New table additions (subsequent tables re-numbered accordingly): Table 3 "New Uncut Packing Ring Side Clearance, in. (mm),
(BTUU/CUU/BTU/CU/STU/UP/P1U)"; Table 4 "New Segmented Packing Ring Side Clearance, in. (mm), (BTR/CR/BD/BT/TR/P)"; Table 5 "New
Wiper Ring Side Clearance, in. (mm)"; Table 6 "Piston/Rider Ring Side Clearance, in. (mm)"; Table 7 "Piston Ring Side Clearances, in. (mm)"; Table 8
"Wearband Side Clearances, in. (mm)".
Table 9 (was Table 5): Title: "and" was "&" (2 instances); Headings: "Piston to Bore Diametral Clearance" was "Piston to Bore Clearance"; "PISTON
RING END GAP (PTFE)a" was "PISTON RING END GAPa"; Footnote: "343 to 495" was "343 to 495 mm".
Table 10 (was Table 6): Title: "and" was "&" (2 instances); Headings: "Piston to Bore Diametral Clearance" was "Piston to Bore Clearance"; "PISTON
RING END GAP (PTFE)" was "PISTON RING END GAP".
Table 11 (was Table 7): Headings: Added "PISTON TO BORE"; "Diametral Clearance" was "Piston to Bore Clearance"; "PISTON RING END GAP
(PTFE)a" was "PISTON RING END GAPa"; "WEAR BAND - NEW" was "WEAR BANDS - NEW"; Footnote: "343 to 495" was "343 to 495 mm".
Rev. 3/17A
20170082 - 3-15-17: APPENDIX B- Clearances (ER-96.3.3) - Table 3: Title - "BTUU/CUU/BTU/CU/STU" was

"BTUU/CUU/BTU/CU/STU/UP/P1U"; deleted first row. Table 4: Title - inserted "Pressure Breaker and"; "(BTR/CR/BD/BT/TR/P/UP/P1U)" was "
(BTR/CR/BD/BT/TR/P)".
For models JGR:J
Table of Contents
General Safety for Reciprocating Compressors v
Throw and Data Plate Locations vi
Other Ariel Resources vii
Ariel Website vii
Ariel Technical and Service Schools vii
Ariel Contact Information vii
SECTION 1- TOOLS
Ariel Optional Furnished Tools 1-1
Ariel Separately Purchased Tools 1-1
Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits 1-2
Recommended Tools 1-3
SECTION 2- INSTRUMENTATION
Notes 2-3
Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT) 2-4
DNFT Installation 2-4
Programmable DNFTs 2-7
DNFT Battery Replacement 2-8
Troubleshooting DNFT’s 2-9
Proximity Switch A-18255 2-10
Proximity Switch Installation 2-10
Troubleshooting Proximity Switches 2-12
Main Bearing Temperature Alarms and Shutdown 2-13
Thermocouples - J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel) 2-13
Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD’s) 2-13
SECTION 3- MAINTENANCE
Initial Maintenance 3-2
Daily Maintenance 3-3
Monthly Maintenance 3-4
Six-Month (4,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-4
One-Year (8,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-5
Two-Year (16,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-6
Three-Year (24,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-6
Four-Year (32,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-6
Six-Year (48,000-Hour) Maintenance 3-7
Frame Oil 3-7
Viscosity 3-7
Oil Pressure 3-7
Oil Temperature 3-9
Oil Maintenance 3-9
Dry Sump 3-9
Oil System Cleanliness 3-9
Frame Oil System Components 3-11
REV: 3/17A i
For models JGR:J
Oil Strainer 3-13

Oil Pump & Regulating Valve 3-13
Oil Cooler 3-13
Oil Temperature Control Valve 3-14
Oil Filter 3-14
Simplex Spin-on Filter Replacement 3-14
Compressor Pre-lube System 3-15
Flushing to Change to a PAG Lubricant 3-15
Recommended Flushing Oil 3-15
Flushing Procedure 3-16
Flushing the Force Feed Lubrication System 3-17
Common Oil Supply 3-17
Independent Oil Supply 3-17
Cylinder and Packing Lubrication 3-18
Force Feed Lubricator 3-18
Priming the Pump 3-19
Pump Adjustment 3-20
Auto-Relief Valve (ARV) 3-20
ARV Operation 3-21
Force Feed Lube Blow-Out Fittings, Rupture Disks, and Tubing 3-21
Distribution Blocks 3-22
Distribution Block Assembly 3-22
Divider Valve Bypass Pressure Test 3-23
Balance Valves 3-24
Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block 3-25
Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by Primary/Secondary Divider Blocks 3-26
Force Feed System Design, Operating Parameters, and Conditions 3-26
Common Oil Supply 3-27
Independent Oil Supply 3-28
Force Feed Lubrication Conditions 3-28
Cycle Time 3-28
Under/Over Lube 3-29
Cylinder Lubrication Paper Test 3-29
Coolant System Requirements 3-30
SECTION 4- PART REPLACEMENT
Positioning a Throw 4-1
Variable Volume Clearance Pocket (VVCP) 4-2
VVCP Removal 4-2
VVCP Disassembly 4-3
VVCP Reassembly 4-4
VVCP Installation 4-6
VVCP Adjustment 4-6
Compressor Valves - Removal and Installation 4-7
Required Tools and Materials 4-7
Valve Cap Removal 4-8
Valve Caps on Cast Iron Cylinders or High-Pressure Caps without Spring Energized Seals 4-8
Valve Cap with Spring Energized Seal 4-9
Valve Removal 4-9
Valve Installation 4-10
ii REV: 3/17A
For models JGR:J
Valve Cap Installation 4-10

Torque 4-11
Valve Caps on Cast Iron Cylinders or High-Pressure Caps without Spring Energized Seals 4-11
Valve Caps with Spring Energized Seals 4-12
Gas Containment Fastener Torque Checks 4-12
Piston and Rod 4-13
Piston and Rod Removal 4-13
Piston and Rod Manual Disassembly and Reassembly 4-14
Piston and Rod Manual Disassembly 4-14
Piston and Rod Manual Reassembly 4-14
Piston and Rod Installation 4-16
Piston Rod Runout 4-17
Piston Rings 4-18
Seal-Joint Piston Rings 4-18
High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Rings 4-19
Three-Piece Piston Rings 4-20
Wear Bands 4-20
Piston Rod Packing 4-20
Piston Rod Packing Removal 4-20
Piston Rod Packing Reassembly 4-21
Reassembling and Testing Cooled Packing Cases 4-22
Reassembly 4-23
Testing 4-23
Long Two-Compartment Intermediate Packing 4-23
Types of Piston Rod Packing Rings 4-24
“P” Pressure Breaker 4-24
“UP” Pressure Breaker 4-24
“P1U” Pressure Breaker 4-24
“BTR” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-25
“BD” Double-Acting Seal Set 4-25
Double "WAT"Double-Acting Seal Set 4-25
“AL” Double-Acting Seal Set 4-25
“BT” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-26
“BTUU” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-26
“CU” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-26
“CUU” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-26
“STU” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-27
“CR” Single-Acting Seal Set 4-27
“3RWS” Oil Wiper Set 4-27
Crossheads 4-28
Crosshead Removal 4-28
Crosshead Installation 4-29
Connecting Rods 4-30
Connecting Rod Removal 4-30
Connecting Rod Bearing Removal 4-31
Connecting Rod Bearing Installation 4-32
Connecting Rod Bushing Removal and Installation 4-33
Connecting Rod Installation 4-34
Connecting Rod Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement 4-34
Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance Measurement 4-35
Crankshaft 4-36
REV: 3/17A iii

For models JGR:J
Oil Slinger Replacement 4-36

Main Bearing Removal 4-36
Main Bearing Installation 4-37
Crankshaft Removal 4-38
Crankshaft Installation 4-38
Main Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement 4-39
Crankshaft Thrust (End) Clearance Measurement 4-40
Chain Drive System 4-41
Chain and Sprocket Replacement 4-41
Chain Idler Sprocket Replacement (Eccentric Adjustment Caps) 4-41
Lube Oil Pump Sprocket Replacement 4-42
Force Feed Lubricator Chain Sprocket Replacement 4-43
Crankshaft Chain Sprocket Replacement 4-43
Chain Adjustment 4-44
Component Cleaning & Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor Cylinders 4-45
SECTION 5- START UP
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data and Start Up Check Lists for
Reciprocating Compressors JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D:F 5-1
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data 5-1
SECTION 6- COMPRESSOR TROUBLESHOOTING

APPENDIX A - ARIEL FASTENERS AND TORQUES
Recommendations for Torque Accuracy A-2
APPENDIX B - CLEARANCES
Measuring Head End Clearance for Forged Steel Tandem Cylinders with Con-
centric Valves B-7
APPENDIX C - FRAME SPECIFICATIONS
Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing C-3
APPENDIX D - COMPRESSOR CLEARANCE, OIL, & TEMPERATURE RECORD
APPENDIX E - BALANCE VALVE LOG
APPENDIX F - ER-34.1
Cleaning, Handling, and Assembly Lubricants for Non-Lubricated Com-
pressor Cylinders F-1
APPENDIX G - ER-26
Hold-down Bolting to Resist Shaking Forces and Couples G-1
Requirements G-1
APPENDIX H - ER-82
Soft Foot and Top Plane Flatness Checks for Proper Main Bearing Bore Align-
ment in Reciprocating Compressors H-1
Soft Foot Check H-1
Top Plane Flatness Check H-1
iv REV: 3/17A
General Safety for Reciprocating Compressors
CAUTION: Gas compressor packages are complicated and dangerous to those
unfamiliar with their operation. Only properly trained personnel should operate
or maintain this equipment. Before starting:
• Carefully study start-up and shut-down information for both package and com-
pressor. DO NOT attempt to start-up compressor without referring to the Start-Up
Checklist in the appropriate Ariel Maintenance and Repair Manual and the Packager’s
Operating Manual.
• Sufficiently purge the compressor of any explosive mixture before loading. A gas/air
mixture under pressure can explode and cause severe injury or death!
• Follow in detail all start-up requirements for the other package components.
When the symbol to the right appears on a compressor or control panel,
consult the appropriate Ariel Maintenance and Repair Manual for specific
information before proceeding. The Maintenance and Repair Manual applies
to current design and build; it may not apply to equipment built prior to the
date on the front cover and is subject to change without notice. For ques-
tions of compressor safety, operation, maintenance, or repair, contact your packager or
Ariel.
CAUTION: Severe personal injury and property damage can result if the com-
pressor is not completely vented before loosening bolts on flanges, heads,
valve caps, or packing. Consult the appropriate Ariel Maintenance and Repair
Manual before performing any maintenance.
CAUTION: Noise generated by reciprocating machinery may damage hearing.
See Packager information for specific recommendations. Wear hearing pro-
tection during compressor operation.
CAUTION: Where applicable, compressor installation must conform to Zone 1
requirements. A Zone 1 environment requires installation of proper intrinsically
safe or equivalent protection to fulfill electrical requirements.
CAUTION: Hot gas temperatures (especially the cylinder discharge), 190°F
(88°C) oil, and high friction areas. Wear proper protection. Shut down unit and
allow to cool before maintaining these areas.
CAUTION: Suction or discharge valves installed in improper locations may res-
ult in severe personal injury and property damage.
REV: 3/17A v7
For models JGR:J
Throw and Data Plate Locations

When contacting Ariel with compressor questions, know throw locations and information on data plates
fastened to the machine. This data helps Ariel representatives answer quickly and accurately. Contact
Ariel for replacement if any data plates are missing.
1. VVCP Dimension Plate 5. Rotation Direction Plate 9. Compressor Data Plate

2. VVCP Data Plate 6. Cylinder Data Plate 10. Force Feed Lubricator Data Plate
3. Mechanical Inspector Plate and 7. VVCP Serial Number, MAWP, and 11. Compressor Auxiliary End
Frame Serial Number Stamp Hydrotest Stamp 12. Oil Filter Change Instruction Plate
4. Compressor Drive End 8. Cylinder Serial Number, MAWP,
and Hydrotest Stamp
FIGURE i-1 Separable Guide Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations - Typical
vi REV: 3/17A
For models JGR:J
Other Ariel Resources

Ariel Website
Visit www.arielcorp.com to view and print the latest documentation, such as:
• Customer Technical Bulletins (CTB’s) provide important information on changes, corrections, or
additions to Ariel products or services. Read these bulletins before operating or servicing equipment.
• Engineering References (ER’s) provide standard procedures and other useful information for oper-
ation, maintenance, or repair of Ariel compressors or components. Read and follow these procedures
for long and trouble-free service from your Ariel compressor.
• Maintenance and Repair Manuals provide detailed maintenance and repair information on specific
Ariel compressor models.
• Packager Standards provide detailed requirements and recommendations on the installation of an
Ariel compressor.
• Application Manual provides detailed information on the use of Ariel compressors in different applic-
ations.
Ariel Technical and Service Schools

Ariel schedules several in-plant schools each year, which include classroom and hands-on training. Ariel
also sends representatives to provide customized training on location. Contact Ariel for details.
Ariel Contact Information

Contact Telephone Fax E-Mail
Ariel Response Center 888-397-7766 740-397-1060 arc@arielcorp.com
Spare Parts (toll free USA & Canada) or 740-393-5054 spareparts@arielcorp.com
Order Entry 740-397-3602 (International) 740-397-3856 --
Ariel World HQ info@arielcorp.com
740-397-0311 740-397-3856
Technical Services fieldservice@arielcorp.com
Website: www.arielcorp.com
Ariel Response Center Technicians or Switchboard Operators answer telephones during Ariel business
hours, Eastern Time - USA or after hours by voice mail. Contact an authorized distributor to purchase
Ariel parts. Always provide Ariel equipment serial number(s) to order spare parts. The after-hours Tele-
phone Emergency System works as follows:
1. Follow automated instructions to Technical Services Emergency Assistance or Spare Parts Emer-
gency Service. Calls are answered by voice mail.
2. Leave a message: caller name and telephone number, serial number of equipment in question
(frame, cylinder, unloader), and a brief description of the emergency.
3. Your voice mail routes to an on-call representative who responds as soon as possible.
REV: 3/17A vii

Section 1 - Tools
Ariel Optional Furnished Tools
Ariel offers an optional tool kit with every compressor. For JGR:J compressors, it contains the tools
shown below, which are specifically designed for use on Ariel units. Clean all tools before use and verify
full tool engagement with the part being removed or installed. If the Tool Kit is missing or if a single tool
is missing, worn, or broken, call your distributor. Do not use worn or broken tools, or substitutes for Ariel
furnished tools. See Parts List for individual tool part numbers.
1. Tool Box
2. Main Bearing Removal Tool
3. 1-Inch Peg Wrench
4. 1/4" x 1" UNF Valve Tool (for CT valves)
5. 1/4" x 3/8" UNF Valve Tool
7. 3-Inch Open End Wrench
8. Piston Nut Spanner
9. Piston Rod Entering Sleeve
10. 3/16" Allen Wrench (4 provided)
14. Ariel Bore & Thread Gauge
16. Ariel ER-63 Fastener Torque Chart (not
shown)
FIGURE 1-1 Optional Furnished Tools

for JGR:J Compressors
Ariel Separately Purchased Tools

1. Force Feed Lubricator Bearing
Housing Spanner Wrench
2. Piston and Rod Clamping Fixture
3. Force Feed Lube Hand Purge Pump
FIGURE 1-2 Ariel Separately

Purchased Tools for JGR:J Compressors
REV: 3/17A Page 1-1 of 3

Section 1 - Tools For models JGR:J
Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits

1. Ariel SAE Hand Measurement Tool Kit
a. 0.0005 in. needle type dial indicator
b. 0.001 in. 1-inch travel dial indicator
c. Magnet base for dial indicator
d. 3/8” drive calibrated torque wrench, 40 to 200 in x lbs
e. 3/8” drive calibrated torque wrench, 10 to 100 ft x lbs
f. 1/2” drive calibrated torque wrench, 50 to 250 ft x lbs
g. 3/4” drive calibrated torque wrench, 120 to 600 ft x lbs
2. Ariel SAE Hand Tool Kit
a. 15-piece combination open/box end wrench set, 5/16” through 1-1/4”
b. 8-piece slot and Phillips screwdriver set
c. 3/8" square drive wrench set, including:
• 12-piece, 12-point socket set, 5/16” through 1” • Ball type universal joint
• 7” ratchet • 3/8” to 1/2" drive adapter
• Speed handle • 1/4” hex key socket
• Extensions, 1-1/2”, 3”, 6”, and 12” • 8-1/2” breaker bar
d. 1/2" square drive wrench set, including:
• 14-piece, 12-point socket set, • 10-1/4” ratchet
7/16” through 1-1/4” with clip rail • Speed handle
• Extensions, 1-1/2”, 5”, and 10". • Ball type universal joint
• Drive adapters: 1/2” to 3/8" and 1/2” to 3/4" • 18” breaker bar
• 1-1/4” open end crow’s foot adapter • 1/2” and 5/8” hex key sockets
e. 3/4" square drive wrench set, including:
• 18-piece, 12-point socket set, 3/4” through 2” • 24” ratchet
• Extensions, 3-1/2”, 8”, and 16” • 22” breaker bar
• Drive adapters: 3/4” to 1/2", 3/4” to 1", and 1” to 3/4"
f. Adjustable wrenches: 12" and 18"
g. Dead blow semi-soft faced hammers: 3 lb. and 6 lb
h. 3/4” x 36” pry bar
i. 12” long feeler gage set
j. 12” machinist scale with 0.01 in. increments
k. 13-piece Allen wrench set, 0.050 in. - 3/8”
Page 1-2 of 3 REV: 3/17A

For models JGR:J Section 1 - Tools
Recommended Tools
Ariel compressor maintenance and repair normally requires only Ariel furnished tools and separately
purchased tools and tool kits. However, Ariel also recommends purchasing the additional tools below.
Contact Ariel for questions about tools for Ariel units.
1. 12-point box end torque adapter extension wrench set
2. Tape measure
3. Flashlight
4. Small mirror on a flexible extension rod
5. Small magnet on a flexible extension rod
6. Electric and/or pneumatic drill
7. Twist drill set
8. Torque multiplier

Section 2 - Instrumentation
Several optional instruments can aid in the operation of an Ariel compressor. Through the data they
provide, some instruments can help decrease maintenance costs and downtime, and help diagnose lub-
rication and other types of problems. The use of “alarm” instead of “shutdown” for any minimum
instrumentation requirement may result in equipment damage.
NOTE: Ariel recommends the use of shipboard or armored cabling as opposed to wiring in
conduit to minimize nuisance shutdowns due to wire chafing and shorts. Cable in cable
trays also facilitates maintenance access.
CAUTION: DO NOT drill holes in cylinders or other pressure containing components for
any purpose. Epoxy-mounted clamps (to bare metal) for wiring and tubing are a suitable
alternative. See Ariel ER-89.10.
CAUTION: Any arc welding on the skid and/or associated equipment and piping can per-
manently damage solid-state electronic equipment. Welding can cause immediate failure
or reduce electronic equipment life and void the warranty.
To protect electronic equipment prior to any arc welding (including repair welding), dis-
connect all electrical connections including ground, and remove batteries, or completely
remove the electronic equipment from the compressor.
It is good practice to attach the welding ground clamp as close as possible to the area
where the welding will occur and to use the lowest practical welder output setting. Weld-
ing must not cause a current flow across any compressor bearing surface, including but
not limited to crankshaft and crosshead bearing surfaces.

Section 2 - Instrumentation For models JGR:J
TABLE 2-1 Required Instrumentation Summary
INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

Frame Oil System (see Section 3)
Oil Pressure Packager
• Start Permissive with
30 psig (2.1 barg) for 2 minutes
Prelube Pump
• Run Permissive 45 psig (3.1 barg) within 10 seconds of start
• Alarm 50 psig (3.4 barg)
• Shutdown 45 psig (3.1 barg)
Oil Filter Differential Ariel
• JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:J:H:
Change at 10 psi (0.7 bar) or 4000 hours, whichever occurs first
E: K:T & JGC:D:F/2
• JGC:D:F/4/6 &
Change at 15 psi (1.0 bar) or 4000 hours, whichever occurs first
KBB:V:Z:U
Oil Temperature Packager
See “Viscosity” on page 3-7 for max. oil viscosity based on frame
• Minimum, start up
size.
See “Viscosity” on page 3-7 for max. oil viscosity based on frame
• Minimum, to load
size.
• Minimum, operating 150°F (66°C)
• Maximum, shutdown 190°F (88°C)
Crankcase Level Packager 1/2 to 2/3 sight glass level
• Low Level Shutdown 1/4 sight glass level
(Standard on B:V:Z:U. Recommended, but optional on
Main Bearing Temp. Ariel
JG:A:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D:F)
Thrust Bearing Temp. Ariel (Standard on B:V)
• Alarm +20°F (11°C) above normal not to exceed 220°F (104°C)
• Shutdown +30°F (17°C) above normal not to exceed 230°F (110°C)
• Differential Alarm 20°F (11°C)
• Differential Shutdown 30°F (17°C)
Packing Case Temp. Ariel (Optional)
• Alarm +20°F (11°C) above normal
• Shutdown +30°F (17°C) above normal
Packing Case Vent Packager (Optional)
• Vent Flow Alarm 2 - 4 scfm (per throw)
• Vent Flow Shutdown > 4 scfm (per throw)
Scrubber Liquid Level Packager
• High Liquid Level Control
• High Liquid Level Shutdown
Gas Conditions Packager
• Inlet Temperature Indicator, each cylinder
• Inlet Pressure Indicator, each stage
• Discharge Pressure Indicator, each stage
• Discharge Temperature Indicator, each cylinder, each nozzle on dual nozzle cylinders

For models JGR:J Section 2 - Instrumentation
INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

• High Discharge Temperature 10% above normala
Shutdown, each cylinder (Not to exceed the maximum temperatures below)
• Lubricated Cylinders 350°F (177°C)
• Non-Lube/PRC Cylinders 325°F (163°C)
• Hydrogen Rich > 50%
300°F (149°C)
< 0.41 Specific Gravity
Not to exceed autoignition temperature of cylinder lubricant
• Air
at discharge pressure
Up to 150:
• Relief Valve Setting above to 2500: Over 5000:
15 psig to 3500: 8% to 5000: 6%
normal operating pressure 10% As agreed
(not to exceed MAWP) (1.0 barg)
See ER-56.04.
Cylinder Rod
Packager
Load Protection
High Vibration As close to normal level as practical. See "Vibration Protection"
Packager
Shutdown in ER-56.07.
Over Speed Packager 10% over rated speed for shutdown
a. Example: Normal Discharge Temp. = 270°F; Shutdown Setting = 270 x 1.1 = 297°F.
Notes
1. Install the compressor frame low lube oil pressure shutdown set to stop the unit if oil pressure down-
stream of the filter falls below 45 psig (3.1 barg). Compressor operation for only a few seconds
without oil pressure causes major damage. Normal oil pressure is about 60 psig (4.1 barg) at full
rated speed and normal operating temperature. The low oil pressure shutdown must activate after
oil pressure exceeds 45 psig (3.1 barg) at start-up. Ariel provides a 1/4 inch tubing fitting to connect
the low lube oil pressure shutdown and ties a tag to this connection before each compressor ships.
Do not operate the compressor for prolonged periods at less than 50 psig (3.4 barg) oil pressure.
2. Automated pre-lube systems require a start permissive to sense minimum required pressure/time
at oil gallery inlet. See “Compressor Pre-lube System” on page 3-15. Unit must shut down if the sys-
tem fails to achieve 45 psig (3.1 barg) oil pressure within 10 seconds after crankshaft starts to turn.
3. Mount overhead lube oil supply tanks high enough to provide oil flow to the level control at all ambi-
ent temperatures.
4. On multi-nozzle cylinders, Ariel strongly recommends a temperature device in both discharge
nozzles.
5. Install the high lube oil inlet temperature shutdown at the filter inlet connection.
6. At a minimum, install one vibration shutdown for two and four throw frames and two for six throw
frames. Mount vibration devices near the top of the frame with the sensitive axis parallel to the pis-
ton rod axis.
7. Install all safety shutdowns, controls, instrumentation, ignition systems, electrical devices, and high
temperature piping (gas discharge and engine exhaust) in accordance with good engineering prac-
tice and applicable codes for the area classification at the end user location. Ensure compatibility of
all systems for area classification.
8. If packing vent temperature is monitored, alarm and shutdown set points should be confirmed
through vent flow rates.

Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT)

CAUTION: See arc welding caution on Page 2-1.
A DNFT is a totally enclosed electronic device, combining the latest technology in microprocessor and
transistor components to detect slow-flow and no-flow of divider block lubrication systems. The DNFT
uses an oscillating crystal to accurately monitor the lubrication system cycle time to enable precision
timed shutdown capability. The magnet assembly and control housing mount directly to a divider valve.
Lubricant flow through a divider valve assembly forces the piston to cycle back and forth causing a lat-
eral movement of the DNFT magnet linked to the piston. The DNFT microprocessor monitors piston
movement and resets the timer, lights the light emitting diode (LED), and allows the unit to continue
operation, indicating one complete cycle of the lubrication system. If the microprocessor fails to receive
this cycle within a predetermined time, a shutdown occurs. The DNFT automatically resets the alarm cir-
cuit when normal divider valve operation resumes.
DNFTs utilize an LED to indicate each cycle of the divider valve, which allows easy adjustment and mon-
itoring of lubrication rates. Programmable models display total pints, cycle time of divider valve, total
cycles of divider valve, or pints per day pump flow rate on a liquid crystal display and operators can
adjust alarm time from 20 to 255 seconds.
DNFT Installation
1. Loosen the Allen set screws on the DNFT and remove mag-
net housing. Do not remove magnet, spring, or spacer from
magnet housing.
2. Remove piston enclosure plug from end of desired divider
valve. The DNFT installs on any of the divider valves of the
divider block. The DNFT requires the correct magnet
assembly to match the divider valve manufacturer.
NOTE: Do not install a DNFT on Lincoln divider valves
with cycle indicator pins.
3. If applicable, verify O-ring or metal gasket is in place on mag-
net housing. Thread magnet housing into end of divider valve.
Torque to 15 lbs x ft (20 N•m) maximum.
FIGURE 2-1 Typical DNFT Magnet
4. Slide DNFT all the way onto hex of magnet housing. Torque Assemblies
Allen set screws on hex of magnet housing to 25 lbs x inch,
(2.8 N•m) maximum.

5. The LED on the DNFT indicates each

divider valve cycle to allow lubricator
pump adjustment for Ariel recom-
mended cycle time and oil
consumption. If the LED fails to blink
during compressor operation or by
manually pumping oil into the divider
valve, then the DNFT requires adjust-
ment.
6. The divider valve must cycle during
DNFT adjustment. To cycle it, either
run the compressor or manually
pump oil through the distribution 4. Set Screws (2) 8. O-Ring
1. Divider Valve
block with a purge gun. 5. LED 9. Divider Valve
Piston
6. Control Housing 10. Piston
7. To adjust, slide DNFT all the way 2. Magnet Enclosure Plug
7. Wire Leads
3. Magnet Housing
onto hex of magnet housing. Tighten
Allen set screws to 25 lbs x inch (2.8 FIGURE 2-2 Typical DNFT Installation
N•m) maximum. A blinking LED indic-
ates correct adjustment. If the LED fails to blink with divider valve cycling, slide DNFT back on the
hex of the magnet housing in 1/16" increments until it does.
8. Make all conduit and connections appropriate for area classification. Insulate unused wires from
ground, other wires, and the case. Support conduit and fittings to avoid bending the magnet hous-
ing.
9. After DNFT installation and before compressor start-up, purge all air from divider block lubrication
system with a purge gun.
NOTE: When installing multiple DNFTs, wire each to a separate alarm circuit of the control
panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and DNFT troubleshooting.
Always secure green ground wire to "earth ground" in the control panel. Do not ground to
electrical conduit or skid. Improper grounding can result in unreliable monitor operation.
FIGURE 2-3 A-10754 Programmable DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation

FIGURE 2-4 A-10753 and A-10772 DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation
FIGURE 2-5 A-20513 24 VDC Programmable DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation
FIGURE 2-6 A-20514 24 VDC DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation

Programmable DNFTs
Programmable DNFTs come with a small liquid crystal display
(LCD) screen to display total divider valve cycles (Mode 1), cycle
time of divider valve in seconds (Mode 2), total pints of oil used
(Mode 3), or pump flow rate in pints per day (Mode 4). Operators
can also adjust alarm time in Mode 1.
CAUTION: Program DNFT before installing it on a

divider valve. DO NOT insert programming magnet
into 1/8” recessed opening while the compressor is
operating; it causes the DNFT to shut down the com- 1. Magnet 7. 1/8" recessed
pressor. Programming modes cannot be changed 2. Magnet Housing opening for pro-
3. Allen Set Screws gramming
while the compressor is operating. To program a magnet
DNFT, first remove it from the divider valve. 4. LED
8. Wire Leads
5. Control Housing
9. Programming
6. LCD Magnet
To program:
FIGURE 2-7 Typical
1. Insert the programming magnet into the 1/8" recessed open-
Programmable DNFT
ing on the face of the DNFT. The current programming mode
(1, 2, 3, or 4) immediately displays on the LCD followed by "0"
2 seconds later. "0" indicates the current mode is ready for programming.
2. If the desired programming mode does not display, remove and re-insert the programming magnet
into the recessed opening until it does. Leave the programming magnet in the recessed opening
when the desired programming mode displays.
3. Select one of the programming modes below:
a. Mode 1 - LCD displays total divider valve cycles; program alarm time.
• To set alarm time, press and release the spring-loaded magnet assembly until the desired
alarm time in seconds displays on the LCD. Set alarm time from a minimum of 20 seconds to a
maximum of 255 seconds. If not set, device defaults to 120 seconds.
• Remove programming magnet. DNFT displays total divider valve cycles if left in this mode and
alarm time is now set.
b. Mode 2 - LCD displays cycle time of divider valve in seconds.
• Remove programming magnet when Mode 2 displays. LCD counts each divider valve cycle in
seconds, counting up from zero until the divider valve completes one full cycle. When divider
valve completes one full cycle, the LCD resets to zero and repeats the count until another cycle
is completed. The LED blinks in all modes to indicate each divider valve cycle. This blink
enables the operator to set pump flow rate.
c. Mode 3 - LCD displays total pints used; program divider valve total.
• To set divider valve total, add the sizes of the divider valve sections on which the DNFT will be
installed. Example: 24 + 24 + 24 = 72.
• Press and release the spring-loaded magnet until the divider valve total displays on the LCD.
Maximum value: 120. If not set, device defaults to zero and prevents Mode 4 flow rate display.
• Remove programming magnet. The DNFT displays total pints on the LCD if left in this mode.
d. Mode 4 - LCD displays pump flow rate in pints per day.

• Remove programming magnet with Mode 4 displays. LCD displays pump flow rate in pints per
day based upon the divider valve total set in Mode 3. Mode 4 requires a minimum 4 second
cycle time.
The DNFT stores all programmed information until the operator inserts the programming magnet into
the recessed opening, selects Mode 1 or Mode 3, and presses the spring loaded magnet assembly. This
action resets the unit to zero and allows entry of a new value.
NOTE: Power interruption to the DNFT requires reprogramming Mode 1 and Mode 3.
DNFT Battery Replacement

The DNFT operates on a field-replaceable lithium battery that
should last six to ten years. If battery voltage drops below 2.5
VDC, the DNFT shuts down and the compressor cannot be
restarted until the battery is replaced.
CAUTION: Do not open a DNFT in an explosive

gas atmosphere.
1. Shut down compressor. 1. Magnet Housing 7. 1/2" Pipe Plug

2. Magnet 8. #22 AWG 18"
2. Disconnect DNFT wiring 3. O-Ring (0.46 m) Leads
4. Control Housing 9. Spring
3. Use 1/8 inch Allen wrench to loosen Allen set screws and 5. Polarized Connector 10. Spacer
remove control housing to a safe atmosphere. 6. Field Replaceable 11. Allen Set
Battery Screws
4. Use 3/8 inch ratchet wrench to remove pipe plug.
FIGURE 2-8 Typical Digital No-Flow
5. Remove battery and disconnect from polarized con- Timer Switch (DNFT)
nector.
6. Test battery. The voltage should read 3.6 VDC.
7. Connect new battery to polarized connector.
8. Insert new battery and reinstall pipe plug. Apply teflon tape to plug threads and torque to 25 ft x lb
(34 N•m).
9. Place DNFT control housing on the magnet housing in its original position and tighten set screws.
Reattach wiring and conduit.
10. Programmable DNFTs require reprogramming of the alarm time (Mode 1) and divider valve total
(Mode 3) after a power interruption. See programming section of this document.
11. To verify DNFT operation, pre-lube the system and check for LED blink.

Troubleshooting DNFT’s
NOTE: When installing multiple DNFTs, wire each to a separate alarm circuit of the control
panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and DNFT troubleshooting. See
ER-105.3.1 for DNFT bench test procedures.
Possible
Problem Solution
Cause
Loosen set screws, slide DNFT all the way onto hex of magnet housing and
Improperly torque to 25 lbs x inch (2.8 N•m) max. (Do not over tighten). Either pump
adjusted clean oil through lubrication system with a purge gun or run the compressor to
DNFT. cycle the divider valve. If necessary, slide DNFT back in 1/16“ increments
until LED blinks with each divider valve cycle.
LED does not Broken spring Loosen set screws, remove DNFT from magnet housing. Remove magnet
blink and housing from divider valve. Remove magnet, spring, and spacer and check for
or magnet in
control panel damage. Replace damaged components. Re-install magnet housing on divider
magnet
indicates lube valve and DNFT on magnet housing. If necessary, adjust DNFT, check for
housing. LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
no-flow. (see
also Erratic Low battery Remove battery from DNFT and test it. Replace battery with a factory recom-
Shutdown) voltage. mended replacement lithium battery if voltage is below 2.5 VDC.
Loosen set screws, remove DNFT from magnet housing. Check for damaged
or bent magnet housing. Remove magnet assembly from divider valve.
Bent magnet
Replace magnet housing, magnet, spring, and spacer. Re-install new magnet
housing.
housing on divider valve and DNFT on magnet housing. If necessary, adjust
DNFT, check for LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
Wrong magnet Loosen set screws and remove DNFT from magnet housing. Check for correct
housing magnet housing for divider valve manufacturer. Remove and replace with cor-
ARV installed on rect magnet housing. Re-install DNFT on new magnet housing. If necessary
bypasses or divider valve. adjust DNFT, check for LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
rupture disk
Check system pressure to verify oil flows to divider valves. If needed, install
bursts and pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation:
divider valve Air or • Loosen outlet plugs in front of valve blocks. Purge lubrication system with a
seizes after debris in purge gun until clean, clear, air-free oil flows from plugs.
DNFT divider valve • Loosen, but do not remove, each piston enclosure plug individually to purge
installation. assembly. air from behind piston. Tighten all divider valve plugs. Adjust DNFT.
To ensure proper lubrication system operation, all tubing and com-
ponents MUST be filled with oil and free of air before start-up.
• Normally Open - Attach ohmmeter to red wires. Should read
A-10753
Faulty wiring 10MΩ in operation and less than 10Ω in alarm.
A-10772
from DNFT to • Normally Closed - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires. Should
A-20513
control panel or read less than 10Ω in operation and open loop in alarm.
air in system • Normally Open - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires; insulate
(see above for A-10754 violet wires from each other. Should read 10Ω or less in alarm.
Erratic shut- air in system). A-20514 • Normally Closed - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires. Short
down or LED violet wires together. Should read open loop in alarm.
blink. Check system pressure to verify oil flows to pump and divider valves. If
needed, install pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation. Check
Faulty lube
gauge to verify pump builds sufficient pressure to inject oil into cylinder. Do not
pump.
remove tubing from check valve and pump oil to atmosphere to check oil flow
into cylinder. Replace pump.
Overtightened
Step-torque divider valves to 75 lb x in (8.5 N•m) to the backplate.
divider valves

Proximity Switch A-18255

CAUTION: See arc welding caution on Page 2-1.
A proximity switch installs into a divider valve in place of a piston end plug and can be used to actuate
any device. It consists of a reed switch and a magnet. When installed, the magnet rests against the
divider valve piston and parallel to the reed switch. With every divider valve cycle, the piston moves the
magnet, which opens and closes the reed switch contacts.
The time for the proximity switch to repeat a contact transition (ex. from open to closed) is known as the
cycle time of the divider valve assembly. The proximity switch must work with a PLC or some other coun-
ter/timer device to produce a shutdown. See "Instrumentation" in the Ariel Packager Standards for
interpretation of proximity switch pulse output.
Proximity Switch Installation

1. Loosen the Allen set screws on the proximity switch housing
and remove magnet housing. Do not remove magnet, spring,
or spacer from magnet housing.
2. Remove piston enclosure plug from end of desired divider
valve. The proximity switch installs on any of the divider valves
of the divider block. The proximity switch requires the correct
magnet assembly to match the divider valve manufacturer.
NOTE: Do not install a proximity switch on Lincoln
divider valves with cycle indicator pins.
3. If applicable, verify O-ring or metal gasket is in place on mag-
net housing. Thread magnet housing into end of divider valve.
Torque to 15 lbs x ft maximum.
4. Slide proximity switch all the way onto hex of magnet housing. FIGURE 2-9 Typical Magnet
Torque Allen set screws on hex of magnet housing to Assemblies
25 lbs x inch, maximum.
Page 2-10 of 13 REV: 3/17A

5. Connect an ohm meter across the two

yellow switch leads exiting the proximity
switch housing.
6. The divider valve must cycle during prox-
imity switch adjustment. To cycle it,
either run the compressor or manually
pump oil through the distribution block
with a purge gun.
7. To adjust, slide proximity switch all the
way onto hex of magnet housing.
Tighten Allen set screws to 25 lbs x inch
maximum. The ohm meter showing the
switch changing state as the divider
valve cycles indicates correct adjust- 1. Divider Valve Piston 7. Switch Housing
ment. If the switch state fails to change, 2. Magnet 8. Wire Leads (yellow)
slide proximity switch back on the hex of 3. Magnet Housing 9. Ground Wire (green)
4. Allen Set Screw (2) 10. O-Ring
the magnet housing in 1/16" increments 11. Divider Valve
5. Spacer
until it does. 6. Spring 12. Piston End Plug
8. Make all conduit and connections appro-

FIGURE 2-10 Typ. Proximity Switch Installation
priate for area classification. Support
conduit and fittings to avoid bending the
magnet housing.
9. After proximity switch installation and before compressor start-up, purge all air from divider block
lubrication system with a purge gun.
NOTE: When installing multiple proximity switches, wire each to a separate alarm circuit of
the control panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and proximity switch
troubleshooting. Always secure green ground wire to "earth ground" in the control panel.
Do not ground to electrical conduit. Improper grounding can result in unreliable monitor
operation.
FIGURE 2-11 A-18255 Proximity Switch Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation
REV: 3/17A Page 2-11 of 13

Troubleshooting Proximity Switches

NOTE: When installing multiple proximity switches, wire each to a separate circuit in the con-
trol panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and proximity switch
troubleshooting.
Possible
Problem Solution
Cause
Loosen set screws, slide proximity switch all the way onto hex of magnet
Improperly
housing and torque to 25 lbs x inch max. (Do not over tighten). Either pump
adjusted
clean oil through lubrication system with a purge gun or run the compressor to
proximity
cycle the divider valve. If necessary, slide proximity switch back in 1/16“
switch. increments until the switch opens/closes with each divider valve cycle.
Switch
does not Loosen set screws, remove proximity switch from magnet housing. Remove
Broken spring magnet housing from divider valve. Remove magnet, spring, and spacer and
cycle and
or magnet in check for damage. Replace damaged components. Re-install magnet housing
control panel
magnet on divider valve and proximity switch on magnet housing. If necessary, adjust
indicates lube
housing. proximity switch and test switch functionality. Purge air from system with
no-flow. (see purge gun.
also Erratic
Loosen set screws, remove proximity switch from magnet housing. Check for
Operation)
damaged or bent magnet housing. Remove magnet assembly from divider
Bent magnet valve. Replace magnet housing, magnet, spring, and spacer. Re-install new
housing. magnet housing on divider valve and proximity switch on magnet housing. If
necessary, adjust proximity switch and test switch functionality. Purge air
from system with purge gun.
Loosen set screws and remove proximity switch from magnet housing. Check
Wrong magnet
for correct magnet housing for divider valve manufacturer. Remove and
housing
ARV replace with correct magnet housing. Re-install proximity switch on new mag-
installed on
bypasses or net housing. If necessary adjust proximity switch and test switch
divider valve. functionality. Purge air from system with purge gun.
rupture disk
bursts and Check system pressure to verify oil flows to divider valves. If needed, install
divider valve pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation:
seizes after Air or • Loosen outlet plugs in front of valve blocks. Purge lubrication system with a
purge gun until clean, clear, air-free oil flows from plugs.
proximity debris in
• Loosen, but do not remove, each piston enclosure plug individually to purge
switch divider valve
air from behind piston. Tighten all divider valve plugs. Adjust proximity
installation. assembly. switch.
To ensure proper lubrication system operation, all tubing and com-
ponents MUST be filled with oil and free of air before start-up.
Faulty wiring
from proximity
switch to con-
Check electrical wiring and connections for damage or poor contact.
trol panel or air
See FIGURE 2-11.
in system (see
Erratic above for air in
Operation. system).
Check system pressure to verify oil flows to pump and divider valves. If
needed, install pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation. Check
Faulty lube
gauge to verify pump builds sufficient pressure to inject oil into cylinder. Do
pump.
not remove tubing from check valve and pump oil to atmosphere to check oil
flow into cylinder. Replace pump.
Page 2-12 of 13 REV: 3/17A

Main Bearing Temperature Alarms and Shutdown

Main bearing thermocouples or RTD temperature sensors are optional for JGR:J frames.
Thermocouples - J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel)

A thermocouple is two dissimilar conductors joined together at one end to form a sensor that produces
a thermoelectric voltage as an accurate function of temperature. Appropriate controls interpret the ther-
mocouple voltage as temperature.
Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD’s)

An RTD is a sensor that produces electrical resistance as an accurate func-
tion of temperature. Appropriate controls interpret the electrical resistance
as temperature. A typical measurement technique sends a small constant
current through the sensor and measures voltage across the sensor with a
digital voltmeter to indicate resistance by a computer and wave-fitting equa-
tions.
For main or thrust bearing temperature sensing, Ariel supplies dual ele-
ment, six-wire, 100 Ohm (at 0°C) RTD’s. Dual element RTD’s allow
rewiring instead of sensor replacement if an element fails. Insulate unused
wire ends from each other and conduit ground.
To simplify wiring, RTD's come with two green wires and one black for one FIGURE 2-12 Typical
element, and two red wires and one white for the other. See FIGURE 2-12. Dual Element RTD
A Zone 1 environment may require the installation of proper, intrinsically Wiring Diagram
safe or equivalent protection to fulfill electrical requirements.
REV: 3/17A Page 2-13 of 13

Section 3 - Maintenance
Ariel compressors, like all industrial equipment, require maintenance. The severity of compressor ser-
vice directly influences the frequency and amount of maintenance needed. Below are recommended
intervals for inspections and replacements to help determine appropriate intervals for a given com-
pressor application. Careful documentation of inspection results is critical to establish whether
recommended intervals are adequate or require more or less frequency.
Continuous Duty: The compressor operates continuously, 24 hours a day, shutting down only for
short durations, usually for maintenance and unexpected shut-downs.
Short-Term Intermittent Duty: The compressor operates for short durations, starting and stopping
perhaps several times per month/week/day, such as in many CNG filling station applications that
require operation based on consumer demand.
Long-Term Intermittent Duty: The compressor operates continuously for extended durations, with
extended shut-down periods, such as in some storage/withdrawal applications and fuel gas booster
applications.
NOTE: For intermittent duty service, see ER-8.2.2.
As part of your maintenance program, Ariel recommends:
• Consistent adherence to safety policies, procedures, and equipment warning labels.
• Daily operational checks.
• Routine trending and review of operational parameters.
• Routine oil analysis and trending.
• Detailed records of all maintenance.
To avoid contamination, keep all covers in place where access is not required. Use lint free cloths or
paper towels during internal maintenance.
CAUTION: Gas compressors are complicated and dangerous pieces of equipment. Only
trained operators and mechanics familiar with unit operation should attempt any main-
tenance. Read and thoroughly understand the appropriate manual and always wear
appropriate personal protection equipment during maintenance. Never adjust any
fastener torques while the unit is operating or pressurized.
To reduce the risk of serious personal injury or death, verify driver or compressor cyl-
inder gas pressure cannot turn compressor crankshaft during maintenance. Before any
maintenance or component removal, relieve all pressure from compressor cylinders. See
packager information to completely vent the system or call the packager for assistance.
After maintenance, purge the entire system with gas prior to operation to avoid a poten-
tially explosive air/gas mixture.

Section 3 - Maintenance For models JGR:J
TABLE 3-1 Thermal

Initial Main- Growth of JGR:J Com-
pressors
tenance Initial
Thermal
Comply with Ariel Packager Frame
Growth
Standards and the compressor Temp. Inch (mm)
°F (°C)
Start Up Check List. Adhere to
all items before and after start- 0 (-18) 0.013 (0.34)
up. 10 (-12) 0.012 (0.32)
20 (-7) 0.012 (0.30)
For cold alignment, account for
30 (-1) 0.011 (0.28)
the difference in thermal
growth height between the 40 (4) 0.010 (0.26)
compressor and driver. 50 (10) 0.009 (0.24)
TABLE 3-1 lists compressor 60 (16) 0.009 (0.22)
centerline height change 70 (21) 0.008 (0.20)
based on 6.5 x 10-6/°F (11.7 x FIGURE 3-1 Thermal Growth 80 (27) 0.007 (0.18)
10-6/°C). 90 (32) 0.006 (0.16)
NOTE: Thermal growth numbers were calculated using 170°F (77°C) as the 100 (38) 0.005 (0.14)
frame operating temperature. Initial frame temperature is the temperature of 110 (43) 0.005 (0.12)
the frame during cold alignment. Obtain driver thermal growth predictions 120 (49) 0.004 (0.10)
from the driver manufacturer. 130 (54) 0.003 (0.08)
Center the coupling between the driver and compressor so it does not thrust
or force the crankshaft against either thrust face.
To ensure parallel and concentric drive train
alignment, position connected equipment so
misalignment is as close to zero as possible.
Maximum rim (outside diameter) mis-
alignment is 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) for total
indicator reading (TIR) or 0.0025 inches
(0.064 mm) for laser alignment tool. Face
(angular) misalignment is to be within 0.005
inches (0.13 mm) for hub diameters up to 17
inches (430 mm). For hubs greater than 17
inches (430 mm), use the following formula:
Hub O.D. x 0.00029 = max angular mis-
alignment. See FIGURE 3-2
After running a new, relocated, reconfigured,
or overhauled compressor for 24 hours, shut
down, vent the gas system, and perform the FIGURE 3-2 Angular Coupling-Hub Face
following maintenance: Alignment Limits
1. Perform a hot alignment check within 30 minutes of shutdown as described above. Adjust discharge
bottle supports and head end supports, if applicable.
NOTE: To avoid cylinder distortion, lift discharge bottles only 0.003 to 0.005 inch (0.08 to
0.13 mm) using the supports.
2. Check fastener torque on gas nozzle flanges, valve caps, cylinder heads, piston rod packing
flanges, crosshead guide hold down, frame hold down, crosshead guide to cylinder, and crosshead
guide to frame bolting, if applicable. See TABLE A-3 in Appendix A for correct torques.

For models JGR:J Section 3 - Maintenance
3. Repeat torque check after 750 hours. Recheck fasteners found loose in any of these intervals after
an additional 750 hours. If loosening continues, contact your package supplier immediately.
Daily Maintenance
1. Log and trend the following:
• Operating RPM, gas pressure and temperatures - determine if the unit is operating within design
parameters and expectations.
NOTE: Verify high and low pressure shutdowns are set as close as practical to normal
operating conditions. Set points must protect the machine from exceeding compressor
limits.
• Bearing temperatures - if the unit is equipped with main bearing temperature sensors.
• Compressor frame oil pressure - at operating temperature (190°F (88°C) max. inlet oil tem-
perature), it should be 50 to 60 psig (3.5 to 4.2 barg) at the filter gauges. If pressure falls below 50
psig (3.5 barg), shut down the compressor then determine and correct the cause.
• Compressor frame inlet oil temperature.
• Compressor frame oil filter differential pressure - differential pressure exceeding the filter change
value indicates a need for a filter change. See filter information plate on top cover or “Oil Filter” on
page 3-14 for procedure.
2. Check compressor frame oil level. It should be about mid-level in the sight glass and free of foam
when running. If not, determine and correct the cause. Do not overfill. Check oil makeup tank for suf-
ficient oil supply. For dry sump frames, check the package sump oil level. Do not add oil to the
crankcase through the breather hole while the unit runs. This causes oil foaming and unnecessary
no-flow shutdowns in the force feed lubrication system.
3. Check force feed lubricator box oil level. It should be full to the overflow line.
4. Log and trend piston rod packing vent/drain temperature and check distance piece vents for leak-
age. If the piston rod packing vent/drain temperature is trending high, then verify leak rate before
performing maintenance.
5. If applicable, check suction valve unloader actuator vents for leakage.
6. If applicable, check head end clearance pocket vents for leakage.
7. Verify all cylinder high discharge gas temperature shutdowns are set to within 10% or as close as
practical above the normal operating discharge temperature. Do not exceed the maximum dis-
charge temperature shutdown setting for the application.
8. Log and trend cylinder valve cap temperatures.
9. Check lubricator block cycle time. See lubricator box data plate for correct cycle time. Changes in
gas composition may require a review of cycle time. Check lube sheet for units not running at rated
speed.
10. Check for gas, oil, and coolant leaks.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to repair leaks while the unit is operating or pressurized.
11. Check for unusual noises or vibrations.

12. See packager documentation for additional recommended checks, i.e. scrubber liquid levels, dump
valve operation, cooler louver positions, etc.

Monthly Maintenance
1. Perform all Daily maintenance.
2. Verify safety shutdown functionality.
3. Sample compressor frame oil and send it to a reputable lubricant lab for analysis. See ER-56.06 for
a list of what an oil analysis should provide. If analysis results indicate increasing levels of lead, tin,
or copper particles in the oil, shut down unit. Remove frame top cover and crosshead guide side cov-
ers. Visually inspect for debris. Do not disassemble further without good reason. If debris indicates,
replace affected parts, then change oil, oil filter, and clean the strainer with a suitable solvent.
4. Check and log cylinder clearance devices in use and their settings.
Six-Month (4,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily and Monthly maintenance.
2. Shut down unit and allow sufficient time for components to cool.
3. Drain and replace force feed lubricator box oil.
4. Where applicable, clean sintered element in the small oil filter on the force feed lubrication system
now or at every main oil filter change. Use a suitable solvent. Where applicable, replace force feed
lubricator inlet filter in independent supply system.
5. Change compressor oil filter. See top cover filter information plate or “Oil Filter” on page 3-14 for pro-
cedure.
NOTE: For replaceable element style filters, drain the canister completely before remov-
ing the element. Inspect elements for cleanliness and damage. Do not install dirty or
damaged elements.
6. Change compressor oil. Extremely dirty environments, oil supplier recommendations, or oil analysis
results may dictate a different oil change interval. Follow these steps:
• Drain oil from frame, associated piping, and oil cooler.
• Clean oil strainer with a suitable solvent. In dry sump applications, the strainer is located at the oil
reservoir.
• Remove frame top cover and crosshead guide side covers. Visually inspect for debris. Do not dis-
assemble further without good reason. If debris indicates, replace affected parts, then change the
oil filter and clean the strainer with a suitable solvent.
• Refill compressor frame with fresh, clean oil.
7. Check cylinder lubrication. See “Cylinder Lubrication Paper Test” on page 3-29 for procedure.
8. Re-tighten hold down fasteners to proper torque (compressor frame feet and crosshead guide/dis-
tance piece support feet). Inspect for frame twist or bending to verify main bearing bore alignment.
See Appendix H for flatness and soft foot requirements.
9. Perform a coupling alignment (see "Initial Maintenance" above).
10. Remove and inspect inlet screens on each stage; clean if clogged with debris or replace if damaged.
Clean inlet screens regularly to avoid increased pressure that may collapse them. More debris in the
screen may dictate more frequent inspections. Inlet screens may be removed if they catch little or no
debris and the gas stream is clean (optional).

One-Year (8,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, and Six-Month maintenance.
2. Grease VVCP stem threads at grease fitting, with 2 to 3 pumps of cylinder lube compatible grease
using a standard hand pump grease gun. Turn VVCP adjustment handle all the way in and all the
way out to lubricate the threads. Measure or count turns to return the handle to its original position.
3. Open force feed lubricator box and visually inspect pump followers, cams, and gears for wear.
4. Pressure test distribution blocks. See “Divider Valve Bypass Pressure Test” on page 3-23 for pro-
cedure.
5. Measure, log, and trend the following:
• Main bearing, connecting rod bearing, and crankshaft jack and thrust clearances. See page 4-34
and page 4-39
NOTE: Clearance trends along with oil analysis and crankcase visual inspection can
indicate the need for bearing replacement. Contact Ariel for original assembly clear-
ances.
• Crosshead to guide clearances.
• Piston rod runout. See “Piston Rod Runout” on page 4-17
If any of the above items are outside limits listed in Appendix B, find the cause and correct it. It may
require part replacement.
6. Remove valves and valve gaskets:
a. Visually inspect valve pockets for damage. Verify all old valve seat gaskets are removed.
b. Have a qualified valve repair shop disassemble, visually inspect, and refurbish the valves where
needed. Provide the valve repair shop an Ariel torque chart and valve service guide.
c. Visually inspect cylinder gas passages and clean them of all debris.
7. If applicable, visually inspect suction valve unloader actuator stems for damage or wear. Visually
inspect stem seals for damage or wear and confirm that the actuator moves freely.
8. If applicable, visually inspect pneumatic clearance pockets for damage or wear (seating surface and
stems/stem seals). Confirm that actuator moves freely.
9. Inspect cylinder bores for damage or wear. Replace the cylinder body or restore the bore if any of
the following conditions exist:
• Bore surface blemishes or gouges.
• Bore out of round more than 0.001 inch per inch of bore diameter (0.001 mm/mm) or tapered.
• Main bore is worn to counterbore diameter or larger.
10. Inspect piston rings and wearband:
a. Measure and log piston ring condition, end gap, and side clearance.
b. Replace rings that are damaged or outside limits listed in Appendix B .
c. When replacing rings, re-measure and log ring side clearance to check for groove wear.
d. Measure and log radial projection of wear band.
11. Inspect piston rods for damage and excessive wear. Replace rod if any of these conditions exist:
• Gouges or scratches on the rod.

• Under size more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm).

• Out of round more than 0.001 inch (0.03 mm).
• Tapered more than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) .
12. Rebuild piston rod pressure packing cases. See “Piston Rod Packing” on page 4-20 for procedure.
13. Re-install valves, retainers, and valve caps using new valve seat gaskets and valve cap O-ring-
s/seals. See “Valve Installation” on page 4-10. Use proper installation techniques and torque
procedures for valve caps.
14. Check and re-calibrate all required instrumentation.
15. Clean crankcase breather filter with suitable solvent.
16. Check and, if needed, adjust drive chains. See “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-44 for procedure.
17. If the compressor is equipped with crankcase over-pressure relief valves, visually inspect and exer-
cise valves to manufacturer recommendations.
18. Check fastener torques of gas nozzle flanges, head end head or unloader, valve caps, piston rod
packings, crosshead pin thru- bolts, crosshead guide to frame, crosshead guide to cylinder, cylinder
mounting flange to forged steel cylinder, distance piece to cylinder, distance piece to crosshead
guide, and tandem cylinder to cylinder.
Two-Year (16,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, and One-Year maintenance.
2. Rebuild oil wiper cases.
3. If applicable, use new piston and stem seals to rebuild actuators on suction valve unloaders and
fixed volume pneumatic pockets. Replace piston stem assemblies where stem is damaged or worn.
4. Check auxiliary end chain drive for undercut sprocket teeth and chain for excessive stretching.
Replace as required.
Three-Year (24,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, and One-Year maintenance.
2. Replace connecting rod bearings. See “Connecting Rods” on page 4-30.
NOTE: Main and connecting rod bearing wear and replacement intervals are heavily
dependent on many factors including speed, load, oil temperature, oil cleanliness, and oil
quality. Depending on the severity of service, the bearing maintenance interval may be
longer or shorter.
Four-Year (32,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, One-Year, and Two-Year maintenance.
2. Remove crosshead pins. Measure and log crosshead pin to crosshead pin bore and connecting rod
bushing bore clearances. Check crosshead pin end caps and thru-bolt for wear. Replace if needed.
3. Check for bushing wear in the auxiliary end drive chain tightener.
4. Check for ring groove wear in pistons.

Six-Year (48,000-Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, One-Year, Two-Year, and Three-Year maintenance.
2. Replace lubricator distribution blocks.
3. Replace crosshead bushings and connecting rod bushings. See “Crossheads” on page 4-28 and
“Connecting Rods” on page 4-30.
4. Replace connecting rod bearings. See “Connecting Rods” on page 4-30.
5. Replace main bearings. See “Crankshaft” on page 4-36.
Frame Oil
There are several oil specifications, maintenance procedures, and operating conditions which affect oil
performance. For optimal performance, ensure the oil meets the specifications below and is suitable for
the given application, and diligently complete maintenance procedures.
Viscosity
The minimum allowable viscosity of the oil entering the frame is 16 cSt. Typically, this is the viscosity of
ISO 150 grade oil at about 190°F (88°C). The maximum viscosity at this temperature is 60 cSt. For
JGR:J frames, the maximum viscosity to start the compressor is 3,300 cSt and the maximum viscosity
to load the compressor is 1,000 cSt. See FIGURE 3-3.
Oil Pressure
The factory sets normal pressure on the discharge side of the oil filter at 60 psig (4.1 barg) for com-
pressors tested mechanically complete (inspector tag displayed). If factory tested as mechanically
incomplete (no inspector tag), the packager sets normal oil pressure at initial start-up to 60 psig (4.1
barg) at the lower of the frame or cylinder rated speed, or driver speed at normal operating tem-
perature. Adjust the oil pressure after the filter to 60 psig at minimum operating speed and normal
operating temperature.
Ariel uses the pump safety relief valve to regulate pressure into the compressor. If oil pressure into the
compressor at minimum operating speed and normal operating temperature does not read about 60
psig (4.1 barg), adjust the pump safety relief valve. With compressor running at minimum operating
speed, turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase oil pressure, or counter-clockwise to decrease
it. The compressor requires a 45 psig (3.1 barg) low oil pressure shutdown for protection.
NOTE: If oil pressure drops below 50 PSIG (3.4 barg) when crankshaft speed equals or
exceeds minimum rated operating speed, find the cause and correct it.

Section 3 - Maintenance
Page 3-8 of 30
FIGURE 3-3 Viscosity vs. Temperature Graph of Different Lubricants
For models JGR:J

REV: 3/17A
Oil Temperature
Maintain frame inlet oil temperature as close to 170°F (77°C) as possible. Minimum lube oil operating
temperature is 150°F (66°C) to drive off water vapor. Maximum allowable oil temperature into the com-
pressor frame is 190°F (88°C). Higher temperatures increase the oxidation rate of mineral oil. Every
18°F (10°C) within the operating range doubles the oxidation rate of mineral oil.
For proper operation of the thermostatic control valve, the maximum differential pressure between the
hot oil supply line and the cooled oil return line is 10 psid (0.7 bard).
Oil Maintenance
An oil analysis program is the most effective way to determine frame oil change intervals. Consistent oil
analysis can identify when to change oil on the basis of need rather than a scheduled interval. Depend-
ing on service, oil analysis can significantly extend oil change intervals.
Install a sampling point between the oil pump and filter at an easily accessible location. Minimize dirt or
debris that can collect around it. Use a needle valve to better control pressurized oil flow.
Collect and analyze oil samples to verify suitability for continued service. Oil analysis should include:
• Viscosity testing at 104°F (40°C) and 212°F (100°C). This verifies that oil has not mixed with cylinder
oils or process gas.
• Particle counting to the latest version of ISO 4406.
• Spectroscopy to determine wear metals, contaminants, and additives.
• FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) to check for oxidation, water or coolant con-
tamination, and additive depletion. This is more important if the sump oil is not consumed by the force
feed system.
Dry Sump
Compressors subject to transient motion, roll, and yaw on board a ship or a floating platform may
require a dry sump (“dry” crankcase and separate oil reservoir).
With a dry sump, drains are supplied at each end of the compressor frame and an additional oil pump
chain oiler is provided by Ariel. The packager must provide a lube oil reservoir sized and located so that
the oil pump has oil suction regardless of the tilt of the ship or floating platform. An oil sump strainer
must be installed in the pump suction line at the outlet of the separate lube oil reservoir (unmounted
strainer is provided by Ariel with a new dry sump compressor).
Oil System Cleanliness

Clean the compressor frame oil piping system and components of all foreign matter such as sand, rust,
mill scale, metal chips, weld spatter, grease, and paint. Use proper cleaning procedures with proper
cleaners, acids, and/or mechanical cleaning to meet cleanliness requirements. Ariel recommends flush-
ing all oil-piping systems with an electric or pneumatic driven pump and filtered, clean production oil.
Ariel thoroughly cleans all compressor frame cavities prior to assembly and test runs compressors with
a filtered closed loop lube system.
NOTE: Ariel recommends not disturbing lube oil piping downstream of the installed oil filter.
Contaminants that enter this piping or open ports flush into the bearings causing cata-
strophic damage. To remove or alter piping, cover the inlets to the oil gallery, the ends of
the piping, and the filter outlet so no contaminants enter. Before reinstallation, chemical and
mechanical cleaning is required. Flush the pipe in accordance with Ariel cleanliness require-
ments (see TABLE 3-2).

Prior to start-up, flush all compressors installed with an electric or pneumatic powered pre-lube pump
and less than 50 feet (15 m) of oil piping as outlined below. Include cooler oil passages in the flushing
loop. While oil systems for compressors without an electric or pneumatic powered pre-lube pump and
less than 50 feet (15 m) of oil piping must be clean, oil flushing is desirable, but not required.
For all compressors with oil piping systems greater than 50 feet (15 m), cleaning and flushing must res-
ult in a cleanliness level to ISO-4406, Grade 13/10/9 and/or NAS-1638, Class 5 (see TABLE 3-2), prior
to start-up.
1. Prior to assembling lube oil piping, remove scale, weld slag, rust and any other matter that could con-
taminate lube oil. Confirm:
• Complete and closed lube oil system.
• Crankcase filled to the correct level with appropriate oil.
• Proper and correctly installed lube oil filters.
• Operational and viewable oil pressure transducer or gauge, oil filter differential-pressure trans-
ducers or gauges, and oil temperature RTD or indicator.
2. Start pre-lube pump. Record oil pressure, oil filter differential-pressure, and oil temperature. Min-
imum oil pressure is 30 psig (2.1 barg) for effective flushing. Do not exceed 90 psig (6.2 barg).
3. Flush continuously for one hour. Oil filter differential-pressure must not increase more than 10% of
measured oil pressure into the filter. Record the oil pressure, oil filter differential pressure, and oil
temperature every 15 minutes. Oil temperature increases of more than 10°F (5.5°C) during an hour
of flushing invalidate the system cleanliness test, due to oil viscosity change.
4. After one hour of pre-lube flushing, if dif- TABLE 3-2 Oil Flush Cleanliness Requirements
ferential pressure or temperature increases ISO-4406 GRADE 13/10/9
exceed the limits above, continue flushing. If
the lube oil filter differential pressure Grade Particle Size Particles
exceeds change filter limits, stop the pre- Requirement µm/ml Oil Sample Allowed
lube pump and change the oil filter. To /13 Greater than 4 40 to 80
ensure system cleanliness, re-set time and /10 Greater than 6 5 to 10
continue flushing until the compressor
/9 Greater than 14 2.5 to 5
achieves a continuous hour of flushing
within differential pressure and temperature NAS-1638 GRADE 5
increase limits. Particle Size Range Grade 5 Maximum
µm/100ml Oil Sample Particles Allowed
See ISO-4406 "International Standard -
5 to 15 8,000
Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for cod-
ing level of contamination by solid particles" 15 to 25 1,424
and/or NAS-1638 "National Aerospace Stand- 25 to 50 253
ard, Aerospace Industries Association of 50 to 100 45
America, Inc. - Cleanliness Requirements for
Parts Used in Hydraulic Systems" for complete Over 100 8
information. Use a competent oil lab for sample
testing.
Page 3-10 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Frame Oil System Components
Oil Connections(see Ariel outline drawing for details) System Components
A1 Packager connection from oil pump 1. Y-Strainer

2. Compressor driven oil pump (with safety relief valve for
A2 Packager connection to oil filter pressure regulation, or in models with a separate reg-
A3 Oil connection from compressor crankcase (oil sump) ulating valve (6), for relief)
3. Thermostatic control valve, 170°F (77°C) nominal rat-
A4 Lube oil compressor inlet connection to gallery tube - ing - required (purchase separately from Ariel)
Oil flows to crankshaft main bearings, connecting rod 4. Pre-lube oil pump - required (shown with oil heating cir-
bearings, crosshead pins, and bushings. cuit, when applicable), or auxiliary pump.
A5 Pressure regulating valve return connection to oil 5. Optional duplex oil filter
sump (when applicable) 6. Oil filter
7. Pressure regulating valve with overflow return to oil
A6 Filter vent return connection to oil sump (when applic- sump (when applicable)
able on some models) 8. Oil cooler - required
9. Check valve
A7 Oil tubing connections from frame gallery tube to top
and bottom of crosshead guides to lubricate 10. Heater (when applicable).
crossheads. 11. Temperature indicator
12. Pressure indicator
A8 Compressor crankcase oil drain (oil sump drain) 13. Pressure indicator/shutdown connection
A9 Pre-lube/recirculation/heater connections (4)
FIGURE 3-4 Standard Frame Lube Oil Schematic
REV: 3/17A Page 3-11 of 30

System Components
Oil Connections(see Ariel outline drawing for details) 1. Separate lube oil reservoir (oil sump) - required, vent
reservoir to above frame height
A1 Packager connection from compressor-driven oil
2. Heater
pump 3. Y-Strainer - required (supplied unmounted by Ariel)
4. Check valve
A2 Packager connection to oil filter
5. Compressor driven oil pump (with safety relief valve
A3 Packager connection - oil from compressor crankcase for pressure regulation, or in models with a separate
regulating valve (13), for relief)
A4 Lube oil compressor-inlet-connection to gallery tube 6. Oil cooler - required
and bearings 7. Thermostatic control valve, 170°F (77°C) nominal rat-
A5 Pressure regulating valve return connection to crank- ing - required (available option from Ariel)
case (when applicable on some models) 8. Pre-lube oil pump - required (with oil heating circuit,
when applicable), or auxiliary pump
A6 Filter vent return connection to the crankcase (when 9. Optional duplex oil filter
applicable on some models) 10. Temperature indicator
A7 Oil tubing connections from frame gallery tube to top 11. Pressure indicator
and bottom of crosshead guides to lubricate 12. Oil filter
crossheads 13. Pressure regulating valve with overflow return to
crankcase (when applicable for some models)
A8 Compressor crankcase oil drain 14. Pressure indicator/shutdown connection
NOTE: See ER-93 for further details about dry sump

lubrication systems.
FIGURE 3-5 Optional Dry Sump Frame Lube Oil Schematic - Typical
Page 3-12 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Oil Strainer
An oil strainer installed upstream of the pump prevents debris from entering the pump and damaging it.
Ariel supplies a 30 mesh (595 microns) strainer on all JGR:J compressors. It is located on the auxiliary
end of the crankcase below oil level. Remove the strainer basket and wash it in an appropriate solvent
whenever lubricating oil is changed.
Oil Pump & Regulating Valve

The oil pump constantly supplies oil to
all journal bearings, bushings, and
crosshead sliding surfaces. The crank-
shaft drives it by a chain and sprocket to
provide adequate oil flow to bearings
when the compressor operates at the
minimum speed rating (typically half of
maximum rated speed).
JGR:J compressors maintain oil pres-
sure with a spring-loaded safety relief
valve within the pump head. To adjust,
remove the dust cap to expose the FIGURE 3-6 Typical Lube Oil Pump
safety relief valve adjustment screw.
When installing a new oil pump on a compressor or after maintenance on an existing oil pump, Ariel
recommends priming the pump (wetting the gears with oil) before start-up to ensure proper operation.
Upon compressor start-up after oil pump replacement, oil pressure should immediately reach 50-60 psi.
If oil pressure fails to reach 50-60 psi immediately, shut down the compressor and correct the problem.
Dry oil pump gears sometimes contribute to the problem. Be sure to wet the gears with oil at any new oil
pump installation.
Oil Cooler
An oil cooler is required to remove heat from the frame lube oil.When sizing an oil cooler, consider tem-
perature and flow rate of both cooling medium and lube oil. Insufficient cooling water flow rate is the
primary cause of high oil temperatures. Mount cooler as close to the compressor as possible with piping
of adequate size to minimize pressure drop of both lube oil and cooling medium.
The Application Manual lists required cooling water temperature and flow rate to properly cool oil with
Ariel supplied coolers. The Ariel Performance Program lists oil heat rejection data for each frame in the
frame details section (contact Ariel for details).
REV: 3/17A Page 3-13 of 30

Oil Temperature Control Valve

The lube oil system requires a thermostatic valve to
control compressor oil temperature. A thermostatic
valve is a three-way valve with a temperature sens-
itive element. As the oil heats, the sensing element
opens the third port in the valve.
Ariel recommends a thermostatic valve with a
Thermostatic control valve configuration may vary from
170°F (77°C) element. Install the valve in mixing this schematic depending on valve size. Valve con-
mode to more directly control oil temperature into nections A-B-C are marked on the valve.
the frame (see FIGURE 3-7).
FIGURE 3-7 Thermostatic Valve
Oil Filter in Mixing Mode
All compressor frames require oil filters to remove particle contamination that can damage equipment
and oil. Contaminants that damage equipment include wear particles from equipment, airborne
particles such as dust or sand, and particulates in new oil. Contaminants that damage oil include oxid-
ized oil components and air bubbles.
• Ariel filters are not designed for reverse flow often caused by pumping oil out of the compressor
through the filter. This can invert and tear the filter media, sending dirty oil to crankshaft bearings.
• When using a remotely mounted duplex filter, leave the frame mounted spin-on or canister filter in
place as a polishing filter. At a minimum, leave frame mounted filters in place until they are verified free
of solid contaminants of any size.
JGR:J compressors ship with simplex, spin-on, non-bypassing, resin-impregnated filters as standard.
Spin-on filters carry a 5 micron nominal and 17 micron absolute rating. The Beta ratings are ß5 = 2 and
ß17 = 75. Many spin-on filters fit an Ariel compressor, but very few meet filtration ratings of Ariel filters.
Do not use aftermarket filters.
Pressure gauges monitor pressure drop across the filter. High differential pressure indicates a plugged
filter. Ariel recommends lube oil filter replacement every 6 months, or 4000 hours, or when oil filter dif-
ferential pressure at normal operating temperature reaches 10 psid (0.7 bard), whichever comes first.
On start-up, differential pressure may exceed the filter replacement limit until the oil reaches operating
temperature. On the same schedule, or with every main oil filter change, clean the sintered element in
the small oil filter of the force feed lubricator.
Simplex Spin-on Filter Replacement

NOTE: Replace oil filters only with Ariel approved filters.
1. Remove old filter, clean filter base surfaces, and verify old gasket is removed.
2. Inspect new filter for damage or debris. Do not install damaged or dirty filters. Never operate a unit
with a damaged or leaking oil filter.
3. Apply clean oil to the filter gasket and thread the filter with gasket onto the base.
4. Tighten the filter one turn after the filter gasket contacts the base.
5. Use the compressor pre-lube pump to fill the oil filter with oil and purge air from the oil system. Manu-
ally filling the filter with oil can introduce debris on the clean side of the filter. This debris can damage
the compressor to the point of catastrophic bearing failure.
6. After starting the unit, check for leaks, and retighten if necessary.
Page 3-14 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Compressor Pre-lube System

Ariel compressors must be pre-lubed anytime the crankshaft is turned and prior to starting. Ariel
strongly recommends an automated pre-lube system to extend driveline component life.
Ariel requires automated pre-lube systems for compressors that meet any of the following criteria:
• Electric motor driven compressors.
• Unattended-start compressors, regardless of driver type.
• Compressor models JGC:D:F:Z:U:B:V and KBZ:U:B:V.
See FIGURE 3-4 for pre-lube circuit design.
NOTE: The pre-lube return into the frame must be upstream of the oil filter.
For on-demand compressor applications, the pre-lube pump can circulate oil continuously through the
bearings while on standby.
Ariel requirements are based on a pre-lube pump sized for 25% of frame oil pump flow to ensure oil flow
to bearings, bushings, and oil-filled clearances prior to turning or start-up (see Appendix C for frame oil
pump flow rates).
Pre-lube pressure shall be 30 psig (2.1 barg) at the oil gallery for a minimum of 2 minutes prior to turning
or starting.
NOTE: A 10 to 15 minute pre-lube is required after:
• Any major drive line maintenance
• The main lube oil system is drained
• Oil filter replacement
Instrumentation: Automated pre-lube systems require a start permissive logic and instrumentation to
satisfy the minimum required pressure and duration at the oil gallery inlet.
It is highly recommended that the compressor low oil pressure shutdown be Class B. Inhibited time
shall be no longer than 10 seconds after idle speed is achieved on gas engines or start initiation for elec-
tric motors.
If the compressor fails to achieve 45 psig (3.1 barg) oil pressure within 10 seconds after reaching
engine idle speed or electric motor start initiation, ensure shutdown and correct the cause. Repeat pre-
lube before each start attempt.
NOTE: If a compressor fails to start or shuts down at start-up due to low oil pressure, DO
NOT re-start until the cause is corrected.
Flushing to Change to a PAG Lubricant

Cylinder and frame lubrication systems require flushing when changing to or from a PAG lubricant or
when applying a PAG lubricant to newly installed equipment.
Recommended Flushing Oil

The preferred flushing oil is soluble in both the original oil and PAG lubricant. A linear diester is pre-
ferred, such as Shell Corena DE 150 or Mobil Rarus 829. If this is unavailable, use the desired PAG
lubricant fill oil as the initial flushing oil.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-15 of 30

Flushing Procedure
Below is a general flushing procedure recommended to change from mineral or PAO oils to a synthetic
PAG lubricant.
1. Drain old oil from frame while the oil is still warm.
2. Drain all supply and return lines upstream of the frame lube oil filter, filter housing (if applicable), cool-
ers, and other peripheral equipment in the lubricant supply loop.
3. Remove standing oil in the frame and guide compartment low points. Remove as much oil as pos-
sible with a vacuum hose. If heavy deposits are visible, remove them as best as possible by hand
using clean, dry, lint-free rags.
4. Install new frame lube oil filters.
5. Remove and either clean or replace the Y-strainer element.
6. Reconnect oil piping and install drain plug in frame.
7. Connect a diaphragm pump upstream of the frame mounted oil filter.
8. Feed the diaphragm pump flushing oil (see "Recommended Flushing Oil") from a clean reservoir
and prime the lube oil system. Prime until old oil is purged from oil passages and flushing oil steadily
flows from all bearings and crosshead bushings.
9. Drain frame. Remove standing oil in the frame and guide compartment low points. Remove as
much oil as possible with a vacuum hose.
10. Remove diaphragm pump and plug connection upstream of frame mounted oil filter.
11. Install drain plug in frame.
12. Refill the frame with flushing oil (see "Recommended Flushing Oil").
13. Circulate flushing oil for at least four hours, and up to 24 hours if needed, to loosen existing debris
and deposits. Monitor lube oil filter differential pressure during flushing. The filter may need to be
taken off line or changed several times during flushing, as loosened deposits tend to plug it quickly.
14. Drain the first flushing oil from the frame while the oil is still warm. Take care to also drain all supply
and return lines, filter housing, and other peripheral equipment in the lubricant supply loop. If stand-
ing oil remains in the frame, remove as much as possible with a vacuum hose.
15. Refill the frame with the PAG lubricant of the recommended viscosity for the application. At this time,
as much as 2-3% of the initial oil may still remain in the system. Circulate this fill for at least four
hours and up to 24 hours if possible. Replace filters as needed.
NOTE: If the PAG lubricant is clear and bright after circulating and no debris or emulsion
is visible, it may be possible to skip the final steps and simply begin normal operation.
However, a second flush is preferred (see steps 16 and 17).
16. Drain second flushing (PAG lubricant) oil from the frame while the oil is still warm.
17. Refill frame with PAG lubricant of the recommended viscosity and circulate for at least four hours. At
this point, the initial oil remaining in the system should be less than 0.5%. Sample the oil and exam-
ine it for any emulsion or debris. If the oil is clear and bright (a slight haze is acceptable), then
continue normal operation and top off as needed. If significant emulsion or debris remains, then con-
duct one more drain and flush.
Page 3-16 of 30 REV: 3/17A

If the frame uses the same oil as the force-feed cylinder lubrication system, the overflow line on the lub-
ricator box can remain attached to the frame auxiliary end cover. If the frame oil and cylinder oil are
incompatible or of different ISO grades, disconnect overflow line on the lubricator box (see "Independ-
ent Oil Supply"). Fill the force-feed lubricator box with the same oil used to lubricate the compressor
cylinders/packings. To change the lubricator box lubricant from a mineral oil or synthetic PAO lubricant
to a PAG synthetic lubricant:
1. Drain old oil from lubricator box.
2. Rinse lubricator box with flushing oil (see "Recommended Flushing Oil").
3. Fill lubricator box with PAG lubricant to be used for the cylinders.
Flushing the Force Feed Lubrication System

Common Oil Supply
1. If installed, drain the sintered filter and clean the element with solvent.
2. Drain the lube line upstream of the force feed pump inlet.
3. Drain tubing/manifold feeding the force feed pump(s).
4. Remove the purge/vent connection on the outlet of each force feed pump.
5. Use a purge gun filled with clean/filtered flushing oil (see "Recommended Flushing Oil") to prime
each force feed pump by forcing oil through the pump inlet and out the purge/vent connection.
6. Reconnect the purge gun to the force feed pump purge/vent outlet connection. If pumps are paired
together at their outlets, close one of the purge/vent connections.
7. For the zone fed by the force feed pump being primed, disconnect lube lines at the inlet of the
double-ball check valves.
8. Place paper towels or suitable collection containers beneath each disconnected lube line to catch
flushing oil during priming.
9. Prime flushing oil from the force feed pump purge/vent connection to downstream tubing, divider
blocks, and check valves.
10. Prime until no air bubbles appear in the flushing oil at all disconnected lube lines in the zone.
11. Reconnect lube lines to double ball check valves in the primed zone.
12. Continue to prime 2 fluid ounces of oil per throw through the primed zone.
13. Repeat steps 6 thru 12 for remaining zones.
Independent Oil Supply

1. Drain daytank, oil filter, and lube lines upstream of the force feed pump inlet. Oil trapped in piping
can be vacuumed out or flushing oil can be pumped through these lines to displace the old oil.
2. If installed, drain the sintered filter and clean the element with solvent.
3. Drain tubing/manifold feeding the force feed pump(s).
4. Remove the purge/vent connection on the outlet of each force feed pump.
5. Use a purge gun filled with clean/filtered flushing oil (See "Recommended Flushing Oil") to prime
each force feed pump by forcing oil through the pump inlet and out the purge/vent connection.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-17 of 30

6. Reconnect the purge gun to the force feed pump purge/vent outlet connection. If pumps are paired
together at their outlets, close one of the purge/vent connections.
7. For the zone fed by the force feed pump being primed, disconnect lube lines at the inlet of the
double-ball check valves.
8. Place paper towels or suitable collection containers beneath each disconnected lube line to catch
flushing oil during priming.
9. Prime flushing oil from the force feed pump purge/vent connection to downstream tubing, divider
blocks, and check valves.
10. Prime until no air bubbles appear in the flushing oil at all disconnected lube lines in the zone.
11. Reconnect lube lines to double ball check valves in the primed zone.
12. Continue to prime 2 fluid ounces of flushing oil per throw through the primed zone.
13. Disconnect the purge gun and install cap for purge/vent connection.
14. Repeat steps 6 thru 12 for remaining zones.
15. Install a new oil filter.
16. Reconnect lube lines between daytank and pump inlets. Reinstall sintered filter (if provided).
17. Place a collection container beneath the disconnected lube line near the force feed pump inlet con-
nection.
18. Add enough flushing oil to the daytank to prime the system up to the disconnected line in step 17.
19. Collect oil until no air bubbles appear in the flushing oil.
20. Reconnect feed line to force feed pump.
21. Bleed trapped air by loosening tube connections nearest each pump inlet.
Cylinder and Packing Lubrication

The cylinder lubrication system injects lubrication into cylinder bores and packings. The system consists
of an oil supply, an oil filter, a force feed lubricator pump, divider blocks, pressure indicators, check
valves, and flow monitoring shutdown devices. The system is progressive; each piston in the divider
block must complete a cycle before the system cycles again. This type of system offers better lubrication
precision and eases monitoring.
Force Feed Lubricator

The force feed lubrication system oils the compressor cylinders and piston rod packings. Oil flows to the
suction side of the force feed lubricator pump directly from the pressure side of the frame lubrication sys-
tem, or from an overhead tank.
A self-contained oil reservoir oils the force feed lubricator worm gear and cam. The force feed lubricator
sight glass shows the reservoir oil level.
Page 3-18 of 30 REV: 3/17A

1. Auto-Relief Valve (ARV)

2. ARV Manifold
3. Priming Stem
4. Pump Plunger Stroke
Adjustment Screw
5. Lock Nut
6. Lubricator Oil Fill Connection
7. Sight Glass
8. Mounting Flange
Capscrews (4)
9. Drain Plug
10. Priming Pump Connection
11. Pump Outlet to Distribution
Block
12. Inlet to ARV
13. Lubricator Overflow
14. Force Feed Lubricator
Sprocket
15. O-ring
16. Inlet Header
17. Pump Inlet from Header
18. Rupture Disk Assembly
FIGURE 3-8 Typical Force

Feed Lubricator
Priming the Pump

Use filtered oil when priming the pump and force feed system (minimum 5 micron nominal filter). Refer
to FIGURE 3-9 during priming.
1. Remove and discard the plastic plugs in the pump inlet and outlet.
2. Apply thread sealant (user supplied) to inlet and outlet line fittings.
3. Install the inlet and outlet fittings on the pump.
4. Connect the inlet line to the inlet fitting.
5. Introduce oil into the inlet line using a clean priming pump filled with
cylinder oil connected to the priming pump connection. If installed,
open oil supply valve from day tank (located upstream from pump).
6. Wipe the pump priming stem clean and lubricate with oil.
7. Manually prime pump by using a priming pump or by pressing the
pump priming stem repeatedly (if connected to a day tank) until
1. O-ring
clean, air-free oil flows from the outlet fitting. 2. Flow Adjustment Screw
Locknut
8. Connect outlet line to outlet fitting. 3. Pump Priming Stem
4. Flow Adjustment Screw
9. Manually prime pump by using a priming pump until clean, air-free oil 5. Pump Inlet
flows from the outlet line at the cylinder and packing lube points. 6. Pump Outlet
10. Connect the outlet line to the lube point. FIGURE 3-9 Pump Priming
and Adjustment
11. After startup, adjust individual pumps to meet required flow rates.
See "Pump Adjustment".
REV: 3/17A Page 3-19 of 30

Pump Adjustment
The flow adjustment screw controls pump flow rate; turning it changes the length of the piston stroke
which changes the pump discharge volume. Refer to FIGURE 3-9 during adjustment.
1. Loosen the flow adjustment screw locknut.
2. Lubricate the o-ring beneath the adjustment screw locknut with oil.
3. Turn the flow adjustment screw. Counterclockwise increases flow and decreases cycle time; clock-
wise decreases flow and increases cycle time.
4. Check force feed lubricator data plate or Ariel lube sheets for correct cycle time. Adjust flow until
desired cycle time is achieved with the force feed system operating.
5. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 as needed.
6. After adjustment to the proper cycle time, tighten the adjustment screw locknut.
NOTE: Inconsistent flow can occur if pump stroke is set below 20% of maximum stroke. A
dust seal inside the flow adjustment screw holds the priming stem stationary during oper-
ation.
Auto-Relief Valve (ARV)

An auto-relief valve (ARV) is a mechanical valve that protects force-feed lubrication systems from over-
pressure conditions. Unlike a rupture disk assembly, the ARV is reusable and does not expel oil onto the
compressor skid.
1. Spring Barrel 6. Spring Piston 11. ARV Inlet

2. O-ring 7. O-ring Retainer 12. Adapter
3. Washer 8. Manifold 13. E-Clip
4. Indicator Pin 9. Pressure Pin 14. ARV Outlet
5. Spring 10. Intermediate (Bypass Port)
Barrel
FIGURE 3-10 Auto-Relief Valve Components
Page 3-20 of 30 REV: 3/17A

ARV Operation
When a force-feed pump encounters a down-
stream restriction, pump discharge pressure
increases. If discharge pressure exceeds ARV
cracking pressure, the ARV bypasses excess oil
back to the low-pressure inlet side of the pump
(FIGURE 3-11 – High Pressure). Bypassing oil lim-
its the pressure created by the pump. The pump will
operate in bypass condition until either the divider
valve no-flow device times out due to lack of flow or
pressure downstream of the pump decreases allow-
ing the ARV to close (FIGURE 3-11 – Pressure
Relieved).
When the ARV begins bypassing, an indicator pin
protrudes from the top of the ARV indicating an
over-pressure condition. The indicator pin is a FIGURE 3-11 ARV Operation
“tattle tale” and remains protruding after the ARV
bypasses oil (FIGURE 3-11 – Pressure Relieved). Two bypass conditions are possible:
Intermittent blockage downstream of the pump - A brief condition or one-time event that prevents
the shutdown device from timing out and allows the compressor to continue to operate.
Significant blockage downstream of the pump - A condition of long enough duration to cause the
shutdown device to timeout and shutdown the compressor.
After downstream blockage/restriction removal, the indicator pin can be manually reset by depressing
the indicator pin until it is flush with the ARV housing.
Force Feed Lube Blow-Out Fittings, Rupture Disks, and Tubing

Force feed lube pump TABLE 3-3 Blow-Out Fittings, Replacement Rupture Disks, & Tubing
discharge lines require
blow-out fittings and the Blow-out Replacement Rupture Disk Standard Tubing
properly rated rupture Fitting Rating Ariel Size Rating
disk installed. The disk Ariel P/N psig (barg) P/N Color Ariel P/N
in. (mm) psig (barg)
color should show at the
A-0080 3250 (224) A-0124 Purple 1/4 x 0.035
fitting blow-out hole. A PT0200CB
system blockage causes A-3531 3700 (255) A-3536 Yellow (6.4 x 0.9) 5100 (352)
(304 SS)
pressure build-up that A-3532 4600 (317) A-3537 Red wall
ruptures the disk. Vent- A-3533 5500 (379) A-3538 Orange 1/4 x 0.065
ing the system through PT0201CD
A-3534 6400 (441) A-3539 Pink (6.4 x 1.7) 10,200 (703)
the rupture disk causes (316 SS)
A-3535 7300 (503) A-3540 Blue wall
the no-flow shutdown
switch to shut down the
compressor.
Ariel force feed lube blow-out fitting rupture disks are color-coded to identify rupture pressure ratings.
Some disks come with half the finished face coated. If the disk color coating is less than half the face sur-
face, the color may not show through the small centered blow-out hole when installed in the blow-out
fitting. When this happens, a visual inspection for color coding may not indicate the correct disk is
installed, and fitting disassembly is required to confirm the proper disk installation. To correct this issue
in the future, the finished face of rupture disks supplied to Ariel after March 2005 are completely coated
with color. Disks need not be replaced because of this change and existing disk stock may be used-up.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-21 of 30

CAUTION: Use a mirror to inspect rupture disk color if force feed lube system is pres-
surized. A rupturing disk or high pressure oil can potentially cause personal injury.
When installing a rupture disk, tighten the blow-out hex fitting cap to 40 lb. x in. (4.5 N•m) torque. Do not
over tighten cap or blow-out pressure may decrease, which may increase nuisance shutdowns.
Distribution Blocks
Distribution blocks consist of three to seven
divider valves and an optional bypass block
fastened to a segmented baseplate. Viton O-
rings (90 Durometer) seal between the
divider valves and baseplate and between
baseplate segments. Check valves are
installed at all lube port outlets.
Divider valves contain metering pistons that
discharge a predetermined amount of oil with
each cycle in a single line, progressive lub-
rication system.
NOTE: Pistons are matched to a specific
divider valve. Do not try to place a dif-
ferent piston into a divider valve.
Single or twin valves may be externally
singled or cross-ported. Plug unused outlets
when singling or cross-porting.
Bypass blocks can replace a divider valve sec-
tion to eliminate the lubrication points. Plug
both outlets below the bypass block. A
bypass block can mount in any baseplate loc-
ation, but it requires at least three working 1. Piston 6. Check Valve 9. End Block
divider valves in the block assembly (i.e. 2. Crossport Plate 7. Intermediate Blocks 10. Tie Rod Nut
8. Outlet Port (correct 11. Tie Rod
bypass blocks cannot be used on 3-section 3. Inlet Port
position is off-center 12. Divider Valve
4. Inlet Block
baseplates). 5. O-Rings toward inlet block) 13. Valve Screw
The baseplate contains the divider valve inlet FIGURE 3-12 Typical Distribution Block
and outlet connections, interrelated pas-
sageways, and built-in check valves. All lubricant piping to and from the distribution block connects to
the baseplate. The baseplate consists of one inlet block, three to seven intermediate blocks, one end
block, and three tie rods. The number of baseplate intermediate blocks determines the number of
divider valves allowed. Each distribution block requires a minimum of three divider valves.
Distribution Block Assembly

NOTE: See specific frame Parts Book for available divider valve assembly drawings, parts
lists, and repair kits.
1. Thread three tie rods into inlet block until the ends flush with the top surface of the block.
2. Slide Intermediate blocks onto tie rods. Verify all O-rings are installed and discharge ports are off
center toward the inlet block.
3. Slide end block onto tie rods.
Page 3-22 of 30 REV: 3/17A

4. Lay base plate assembly on a flat surface. Use "Recommendations for Torque Accuracy" to tighten
the tie rod nuts to the correct torque listed in TABLE A-3.
5. Mount the divider valves with O-rings onto the base plate. Use "Recommendations for Torque
Accuracy" to tighten the socket head cap screws to the correct torque listed in TABLE A-3.
Divider Valve Bypass Pressure Test

Lubricant can leak (by-pass) from a divider valve when the divider valve piston becomes worn. Pres-
sure test or replace all divider valves every twelve months. Testing verifies the piston fits tightly enough
in the divider valve bore for adequate pressure to force oil into the injection point. The supplier pres-
sure tests all new Ariel divider valves.
To test distribution blocks for valve by-passing requires a manual purge gun with a pressure gauge cap-
able of developing 5000 psig (350 barg). Ariel offers an optional force feed lubrication hand purge gun
with a pressure gauge (see Section 1). Pressure test each divider valve one at a time, complete with pin
indicators installed.
Distribution Block All Outlets Open Testing "T" Divider Valve Block Testing "S" Divider Valve Block
FIGURE 3-13 Pressure Testing Divider Valves
1. For new divider valves, verify working piston section fastener torque is 75 lb x in (8.5 N•m). Loosen
the section fasteners, then step-torque them first to 40 lb x in (4.5 N•m), and then to 75 lb x in (8.5
N•m). Used divider valves can be tested “as is”, with approximate section fastener torque verified
after testing.
2. Place the distribution block in an open container with all base outlets open. Connect purge gun filled
with room temperature [65°F (18°C)] 10 wt. (ISO 32) mineral oil to the divider block inlet. Pump the
purge gun to purge air from the divider block assembly. Verify that oil flows freely from all outlets
(see FIGURE 3-13 “Divider Block All Outlets Open”).
Testing with 10 wt. mineral oil at 65°F (18°C) simulates divider block operation at 120°F (49°C) with
40 wt. (ISO 150) mineral oil. If 10 wt. (ISO 32) mineral oil is unavailable, use 40 wt. (ISO 150); how-
ever, the pressure test will be less sensitive in detecting a bypassing divider valve.
3. The divider block assembly should cycle at less than 300 psi (2068 kPa) while purging at a steady
rate. Cycle pressures above 300 psi (2068 kPa) indicate inhibited piston movement, possibly
caused by the piston rubbing the bore, oil contamination, part geometry, or bore distortion due to
over-tightening the section fasteners. If re-torquing the valve section fails to improve cycle pressure,
replace the divider valve section. Do not attempt to alter the piston/bore fit by polishing components.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-23 of 30

4. For divider valves stamped with a “T” (for “twin”), use a 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) pipe or tubing plug to plug
only one base outlet when testing that side of the piston, and leave all other outlets open. Plug and
test each base outlet of divider valves stamped with a “T” one side at a time. See FIGURE 3-13
“Testing ‘T’ Divider Valve”. Individual testing of each outlet ensures both sides of the piston build
adequate pressure. For all divider valves stamped with an “S” on the front (for “single”), plug the
working outlet as well to test both sides of the piston for by-passing simultaneously. See FIGURE 3-
13 “Testing ‘S’ Divider Valve”.
5. Pump the purge gun until the pressure gauge indicates 3000 psi (20684 kPa). Hold this pressure for
5 seconds, then increase it to 3500 psi (24132 kPa). Stop pumping at 3500 psi (24132 kPa).
6. Start timer and monitor the pressure drop from 3500 psi (24132 kPa) for 30 seconds. Check dis-
charge outlet(s) plug(s) to confirm no external leaks. Also check O-rings for external leakage. If the
valve bypasses rapidly, repeat the test to ensure the bypass wasn’t due to trapped air. New valves
should not exceed a 400 psi (2758 kPa) pressure drop in 30 seconds. Used valves should not
exceed 1000 psi (6895 kPa) pressure drop in 30 seconds. If pressure drops exceed these limits, the
divider valve fails the test.
7. Repeat Steps 4 thru 6 for the remaining outlets on the divider block assembly.
NOTE: Test distribution blocks at higher pressures if the application dictates higher system
operating pressure.
If a divider valve fails, replace it. Discard worn divider valves. If the tested valve passes the test, relieve
the pressure, move the plug to the next outlet, and repeat the test for all divider valves. When all divider
valves either pass this pressure test or are replaced, reassemble the distribution block, purge it with the
proper force feed lubricant, and put it into service.
This distribution block pressure test procedure is not infallible. Ariel recommends periodic tests for
proper cylinder bore lubrication rates and/or aftermarket devices that measure flow.
Balance Valves
Install balance valves on low-pressure lube lines to artificially increase lube line pressure and reduce dif-
ferential pressure between lube points downstream of a divider block. Important considerations:
• Set and maintain balance valves downstream of a divider block within 500 psi (3400kPa) of each
other or less. The closer the balance valve set pressures, the more reliable the system.
• Avoid situations in which the balance valve set pressure is the greatest contributor of pressure to the
divider block immediately upstream.
• With a balanced divider block, the upstream divider block pressure gauge should exhibit no erratic
needle movement as the divider block cycles.
To maintain the force feed lube system, record the maximum injection pressure indicated at each divider
block gauge, balance valve set pressures, and divider block cycle time at least once a day for each zone
in the system. See Appendix E.
Do not adjust balance valves prior to operating the unit. Verify the tightness of all fittings and fix any
known leaks. To remove any trapped air or gas in the force feed lube system, use a high-pressure hand
purge pump and the same oil recommended for the cylinder application to purge it. DO NOT USE ANY
OTHER FLUIDS FOR PURGING! Call the Ariel Response Center for details about purchasing a hand
purge pump. To prepare for balance valve adjustment:
1. Start the compressor and bring the cylinders up to normal operating pressure.
2. Allow operating pressures to stabilize.
3. See the cylinder lube sheets for balance valve locations and proper spring type for each device.
Page 3-24 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block

1. Select one divider block that feeds one or more
balance valves nearest the compressor cyl-
inder/packing.
2. For each balance valve downstream of the selec-
ted divider block, loosen the balance valve lock
nut and rotate the adjustment cap counter-clock-
wise until the cap is loose. Some residual
pressure may remain on the balance valve
gauge.
3. Monitor the selected divider block gauge for one 1. Balance Valve 4. Lock Nut
minute and record the minimum and maximum 2. Balance Valve 5. Divider Block
Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge
pressures in Appendix E. 6. Divider Block
3. Adjustment Cap
4. Calculate the balance valve set pressure by mul-
tiplying the maximum recorded pressure by 0.85. FIGURE 3-14 Balance Valves
Fed by Divider Block
5. Set balance valve(s) downstream of the selected
divider block to the pressure calculated in step 4 by rotating the adjustment cap clockwise to
increase pressure. Set pressure within ±50 psi (3.5 bar) of the calculated value.
6. Monitor the divider block gauge for one minute and record the minimum and maximum pressures in
Appendix E. The difference between the minimum and maximum should not exceed 1200 psig
(82.7 barg). If it does, repeat steps 2 through 6.
7. Tighten the balance valve lock nut. DO NOT lock wire the adjustment cap.
8. Repeat steps 2 through 7 for any remaining divider block that feeds one or more balance valves
nearest the compressor cylinder/packing.
9. After setting all balance valves in the force feed system, operate the system for 4 to 6 hours, then
repeat step 6 for each divider block.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-25 of 30

Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by Primary/Secondary Divider Blocks

NOTE: Set secondary balance valves
before setting primary balance valves.
If the system contains no secondary
balance valves downstream of a sec-
ondary divider block, proceed to step
4.
1. Select one secondary divider block that
feeds one or more secondary balance
valves nearest the compressor cyl-
inder/packing.
2. For the selected secondary divider block
and secondary balance valves, perform
steps 2 through 7 in "Adjustment of Bal-
ance Valves Fed by a Divider Block"
above.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for any remaining
secondary divider blocks that feed one
or more secondary balance valves
nearest the compressor cyl-
1. Primary Balance 5. Primary Divider 8. Secondary
inder/packing. Block Pressure Divider Block
Valve
Gauge 9. Secondary
4. Select one primary divider block that 2. Primary Balance 6. Primary Divider Balance Valve
Valve Pressure
feeds one or more primary balance Gauge
Block 10. Secondary
valves located prior to a secondary 7. Secondary Balance Valve
3. Adjustment Cap Divider Pressure
divider block or lube point. 4. Lock Nut Block Pressure Gauge
Gauge
5. For the selected primary divider block
and balance valves, perform steps 2 FIGURE 3-15 Primary/Secondary
through 7 in "Adjustment of Balance Divider Block System
Valves Fed by a Divider Block" above.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for any remaining primary divider block that feeds one or more balance valves
located prior to a secondary divider block or lube point.
7. After setting all balance valves in the force feed system, operate the system for 4 to 6 hours, then
repeat steps 3 through 7 in "Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block" above for each
primary or secondary divider block.
Force Feed System Design, Operating Parameters,

and Conditions
See specific packager data to confirm designed gas composition, operating pressures, and speed. If
operating outside design conditions, system may need to be reviewed. To optimize force-feed lub-
rication system operation, Ariel uses these general guidelines:
1. Maintain lube rates within prescribed limits and cycle times as low as possible (normally 10 sec min-
imum) to lubricate each point as frequently as possible.
2. Multiple pumps may be manifolded to achieve required lubrication rates.
Page 3-26 of 30 REV: 3/17A

3. Do not operate pumps below 20% of full stroke or they become inconsistent. When two or more
pumps are manifolded to feed one distribution block, adjust them equally. Start with pumps wide
open, and adjust them together so that when break-in cycle time is set, the pumps stroke about the
same. After break-in period, adjust the pumps in the same manner, provided the final pump stroke
is not too short. Try to keep the stroke greater than 20% of maximum; a shorter stroke produces
unreliable pump output. If needed, close one pump to stop its flow and open the other(s) to make
the “normal” cycle time, and maintain a stroke greater than 20% in the functioning pump(s).
4. In some applications, one divider valve delivers lubrication to both a packing and a cylinder to optim-
ize lubrication system operation. In some applications, cross-ported divider valves deliver the
proper proportion of lubricant to a given point.
5. During operation, verify oil fills the lubricator reservoir sight glass to the overflow line. Reservoir oil
lubricates the worm gear and cam; it does not flow through the system. The reservoir also catches
force feed lube pump leakage. Add oil only if needed to raise reservoir oil level. See .
6. Ariel primes the force feed system with mineral oil. If tubing is missing, or if the system is drained, fill
and prime the system through a 1/8 inch plug on the discharge end of the force feed lubricator
pump.
7. Prime the force feed lubrication system with a proper priming pump just prior to starting the com-
pressor (see Section 1 for pump illustration). Use clean force feed lubricating oil of same type and
grade as used in service. Do not use any other fluid type or grade to prime.
8. For recently overhauled units, adjust force feed cycle time for maximum delivery. Loosen adjusting
screw locknut. Turn plunger stroke adjustment screw to the full up position. Tighten adjusting screw
locknut. After two hours of operation or before leaving site, reset to “normal” cycle time.
Common Oil Supply

FIGURE 3-16 shows the force feed lube system installation when compressor frame lube oil is also
used for cylinder and packing lubrication.
1. Frame Oil Gallery

2. Single Ball Check Valve
3. Sintered Bronze Filter
(if applicable)
4. Force Feed Lubricator Pump
5. ARV or Rupture Disk
6. Pressure Gauge
7. Divider Valves/Distribution
Block
8. Fluid Flow Monitor No-Flow
Timer Shutdown Switch
9. Double Ball Check Valve
10. Top Cylinder Injection Point
11. Bottom Cylinder Injection Point
12. Packing Injection Point
FIGURE 3-16 Force Feed

Lubrication System
Common Oil Supply
REV: 3/17A Page 3-27 of 30

Independent Oil Supply

When cylinders and packing require 1. Oil Supply Tank
oil different from frame oil, the force 2. Oil Filter (max. 5 micron)
feed lubricator system requires an 3. System Inlet 1/4-inch NPT
(female) customer connection
independent oil supply system (see 4. Sintered Bronze Filter (if applicable)
FIGURE 3-17). An elevated tank 5. Force Feed Lubricator Pump
must supply pressurized force feed 6. ARV or Rupture Disk
lube oil at a minimum of 3 psig (0.2 7. Pressure Gauge
barg) to the force feed pump inlet 8. Divider Valves Distribution Block
9. Fluid Flow Monitor No-Flow
manifold. Timer Shutdown Switch
To prevent force feed oil from con-
taminating compressor frame oil,
disconnect lubricator box overflow
tubing from compressor frame and
direct it to a suitable drain system.
Independent force feed lube systems
require oil with a viscosity below
1100 cSt at the lubricator pump inlet
(e.g. ISO 320 at 73°F (23°C), contact
lube supplier about specific lub-
ricants). Possible ways to ensure
force feed pump is fed oil during suc-
1/4-inch NPT (female) overflow.
tion stroke:
FIGURE 3-17 Force Feed Lubrication Pipe or tube to appropriate
isolated customer connection.
• Increase pipe and fitting size from System Independent Oil Supply Do not drain to crank case.
tank to force feed pump.
• Heat the oil.
• Heat trace and insulate the line from the tank.
• Pressurize the supply tank (tank must be designed for pressure).
Force Feed Lubrication Conditions

CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify driver or compressor cylinder gas pressure
cannot turn compressor crankshaft during maintenance. Before any maintenance or com-
ponent removal, relieve all pressure from compressor cylinders. See Packager’s
instructions to completely vent the system. After maintenance, purge the entire system
with gas prior to operation to avoid a potentially explosive air/gas mixture.
Cycle Time
Lubricant flow rates are measured in seconds per cycle of the distribution block. The calculated break-in
and normal cycle times are stamped on the lubricator box data plate. These cycle times are calculated
based on the gas analysis, operating conditions, and applied speed specified in the compressor order. If
gas conditions were not supplied with the compressor order, the data plate/lube sheet rates default to
clean, dry, 0.65 specific gravity, sweet gas and cylinder MAWP. If the applied speed is not specified, the
cycle time is based on maximum rated speed of the frame or cylinders, whichever is less. The lube
sheets in the Ariel Parts Book state gas conditions and list the base rate multiplier at each lube point.
Page 3-28 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Break-in Rate - Set the break-in lube rate about twice the recommended daily rate (150% minimum);
i.e. set the break-in cycle time about half the normal cycle time (67% max.) to increase lube rate. Main-
tain break-in rate for 200 hours of operation for new equipment. Contact Ariel if existing pump is
incapable of minimum flow rate required.
Lube Rate and Speed - Recommended lube rates for break-in or normal operation, in seconds per
cycle, are calculated at the frame rated speed (RPM) stamped on the frame data plate or the cylinder
rated RPM stamped on the cylinder data plate, whichever is lower. Lube rate decreases with speed, (as
compressor actual running speed decreases, cycle time increases, reducing lube rate):
(RPMmax ÷ RPMactual) x cycle time seconds from lube plate = cycle time seconds at actual running speed.
See the Ariel Parts Book Lubrication Sheets for the Cycle Time (seconds) vs. RPM (compressor
speed) table at various running speeds at stated gas operating conditions and lubricant.
Adjusting the cycle time changes the lubrication rate for all the compressor cylinders and packings sup-
plied by a particular pump. To change the lubrication rate for only one cylinder or packing requires
individual divider valve changes. Contact your packager or Ariel for information.
To set proper force-feed lubricator pump flow rate, read or measure the cycle time from the installed
device. For a magnetic cycle indicator assembly, time the cycle from initial indicator pin movement at the
fully retracted position to the time when the pin returns to the fully retracted position and just begins ini-
tial movement out again. Adjust the lubricator pump to provide the required cycle time.
NOTE: Pump output can become inconsistent if flow rate is set too low. “Force Feed System
Design, Operating Parameters, and Conditions” on page 3-26
Changes in operating conditions (such as gas properties or pressures, temperatures, flow require-
ments, or cylinder re-configuration) require lubrication rate re-calculation and possible force-feed
lubrication system alteration. Consult the Ariel Packager Standards, the Packager, and/or Ariel.
Under/Over Lube
Inadequate lubrication causes premature wear of piston and packing ring materials. Indications of
under lubrication are black, gummy deposits in the distance piece, packing case, cylinder, and valves.
When symptoms indicate under lubrication:
• Verify proper operation of force feed lubricator pumps.
• Confirm distribution block cycle time matches the lube sheet or force feed lubricator data plate.
• Verify all tubing and fitting tightness; check for leakage. Check fittings inside cylinder gas passages.
• Pressure test or replace divider valves to ensure they do not bypass.
Over lubrication can result in excessive oil carryover into the gas stream, and increased valve and gas
passage deposits. Valve plate breakage and packing failure may also indicate over-lubrication.
Cylinder Lubrication Paper Test

1. Remove head end head and position piston for the desired cylinder at inner dead center.
2. Using light pressure, wipe the cylinder bore with two layers of regular unwaxed cigarette paper
together. Begin at the top and wipe downward about 20° along the bore circumference. The paper
against the bore surface should be stained (wetted with oil), but the second paper should not be
soaked through.
3. Repeat the test at both sides of the bore at about 90° from the top, using two clean papers for each
side. Paper against the bore surface not stained through may indicate under-lubrication; both
papers stained through may indicate over-lubrication. In either case, Ariel normally recommends
changing lubrication rate accordingly and repeating all paper tests until passed.
REV: 3/17A Page 3-29 of 30

4. Repeat this procedure for all cylinders. If the test indicates a lubrication rate reduction or increase for
a cylinder, change in 5% increments by adjusting cycle time at the force feed lube pump (see “Pump
Adjustment” on page 3-20). Repeat oil film testing, for affected cylinders, after 24 hours of oper-
ation.
NOTE: The paper test indicates only oil film quantity. Aftermarket devices exist that measure
flow. Neither method indicates viscosity quality. Oils diluted with water, hydrocarbons, or
other constituents may appear to produce an adequate film or flow, but dilution will reduce
lubricant effectiveness below requirements.
Coolant System Requirements

Coolant flow = number of packing cases x 1 US gallon
per minute (gpm), minimum for each inch of piston rod
diameter (No. cases x 0.149 l/min for each mm of pis-
ton rod diameter). Based on using a solution of 50/50
treated water/glycol solution. See FIGURE 3-18.
Example: JGK/2 with 2.0 inch (50.8 mm) diameter pis-
ton rod.
1. Packing Case
2 packing cases x 1 gpm per inch of rod diameter x 2.0 2. Throttling
inch rod diameter = 4 gpm Valve
(2 packing cases x 0.149 l/min per mm of rod diameter 3. Isolation Valve
x 50.8 mm rod diameter = 15.1 l/min) 4. Surge Tank
5. Strainer
Cooler size = number of cases x 70 BTU/minute/inch PI = Pressure Indicator 6. Water Pump
7. Cooler
of rod diameter (number of cases x 0.05 kW/mm of TI = Temperature Indicator 8. Thermostatic
rod diameter). Pressure drop depends on several FI = Flow Indicator Valve
factors including flow rate and fluid, but should gen- LG = Level Gauge
erally be at least 10-30 psi (0.7-2.1 bar). Coolant into FIGURE 3-18 Typical Packing Cooling
the packing must not exceed 130°F maximum (54°C System
max.). Lower coolant temperature increases heat
transfer from the packing and may be required in high-pressure applications.
Coolant inlet pressure should be at least 40-80 psi (2.8-5.5 bar). 300 psi (20.7 bar) is the maximum to
preserve the o-ring seal between the cups.
Page 3-30 of 30 REV: 3/17A

Section 4 - Part Replacement
Major frame assembly components include the crankcase, crankshaft and bearings, connecting rods,
chain drive system, crossheads, and guides/distance pieces. Removable end covers, an aluminum top
cover, and crosshead guide side covers provide easy access to internal components. Below are gen-
eral guidelines to follow during maintenance.
1. Cleanliness during part replacement:
• Use lint-free wiping cloths.
• When not working on a frame with access covers removed, cover it to protect the interior from
rain, dust, and other airborne debris.
• Place removed components in a safe place away from work area to prevent damage. Take pre-
cautions to keep parts from rusting.
2. Gasket maintenance:
• When dismantling the machine, carefully inspect gaskets at non-pressure locations. If damaged,
replace them.
• Always replace pressure-retaining gaskets.
• Always apply an anti-seize lubricant to both sides of metallic gaskets.
3. For major overhauls, drain and flush the crankcase.
If replacing a connecting rod assembly, piston, piston and rod assembly, crosshead-balance nuts, or
crosshead, weigh component parts and compare to the Compressor Balancing Record included in the
parts manual with each compressor. If there are weight changes, recalculate opposing throw recip-
rocating weight differential. See “Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing” on page C-3.
Positioning a Throw
Component replacement often requires manually turning the crankshaft to position a throw in one of
two positions: inner dead center or outer dead center. During normal operation, crossheads slide back
and forth in the crosshead guides. In the inner dead center position, the crossheads slide toward the
crankcase as far as possible. In the outer dead center position, the crossheads slide away from the
crankcase as far as possible (see figure below). Some procedures require a dial indicator with mag-
netic base to locate the precise inner or outer dead center. At other times, a procedure may require
turning the crankshaft so a throw occupies its highest or lowest position. In the figure below, the throw
on the left is in its highest position and the throw on the right is in its lowest position.

Section 4 - Part Replacement For models JGR:J
Inner Dead Center Position Outer Dead Center Position Highest/Lowest Throw Position
FIGURE 4-1 Throw Positioning
Variable Volume Clearance Pocket (VVCP)

A VVCP changes the clearance volume of the head end of a cylinder. The amount of clearance
depends on the position of the clearance pocket piston. Users turn the piston/stem assembly coun-
terclockwise to increase clearance, and clockwise to decrease it. In the event that gas begins to leak
from the VVCP vent, replace the V-packing or seal within the VVCP.
VVCP Removal
CAUTION: Completely vent the cylinder before VVCP removal. Attempting to remove the
VVCP without venting may result in equipment damage, personal injury, or death.
1. Cylinder 7. Bellows
2. Eyebolt Thread
3. Packing Vent Protector
4. Locking Handle 8. Piston Stem
5. Adjustment 9. Metal Thread
Handle Protector
6. Flange Bolts 10. Adjustment
Locknut
FIGURE 4-2 Typical VVCP

with Bellows or Metal
Thread Protector
1. For VVCP with a bellows thread protector: After venting the cylinder, loosen the locking handle
so the adjustment handle can turn freely. Turn the adjustment handle.
For VVCP with a metal thread protector: After venting the cylinder, unscrew the metal thread
protector. Loosen the locking handle or adjustment locknut so the piston stem can turn freely. With a
wrench, turn the piston stem.
CAUTION: A hard to turn adjustment handle may indicate pressurized gas trapped
within the VVCP. See VVCP Disassembly caution below.
2. Tighten the locking handle or adjustment locknut.

3. Disconnect the packing vent.
4. Remove plastic plug from eyebolt hole and thread an eyebolt into the eyebolt hole.
5. Use the Ariel supplied eyebolt to support the weight of the VVCP.

For models JGR:J Section 4 - Part Replacement
6. Remove all flange bolts and slide the VVCP out from the cylinder. The Ariel Performance Program
contains approximate VVCP weights.
If the VVCP does not slide out easily, loosen the valve cap bolts. If it still does not slide out easily:
a. Remove head end valves.
b. Clean the area between the VVCP head and the cylinder.
c. Loosen discharge bottle supports.
7. Discard the head gasket and transport the VVCP to a suitable work area for disassembly.
VVCP Disassembly
The VVCP piston ring is not gas-tight to allow a nearly balanced gas pressure, which eases VVCP
adjustment with the cylinder pressurized. Gas pressure behind the VVCP piston normally vents when
the cylinder vents. Process debris or rust around the piston ring can form a seal that traps gas within the
VVCP assembly, sometimes at substantial pressure.
CAUTION: Trapped gas pressure can present a personal safety hazard when servicing
the VVCP. Work in a well-ventilated, non-sparking area, particularly with sour gas applic-
ations. Do not breathe gas emission from VVCP when venting trapped gas.
1. Place the VVCP on a

table, adapter up.
NOTE: Steps 2-4 apply
only to VVCP's with a
bellows thread protector.
2. The bellows thread pro-
tector grips a lip on the
adjustment handle. Use
pliers to pull the bellows
from the adjustment
handle lip. Do not tear
the bellows.
3. Remove locknut.
4. Remove adjustment
handle. The adjustment
handle is a tapered fit
onto the piston stem; use
a soft hammer or puller
to break the fit.
5. Thread the locking
handle or adjustment 1. Locknut 7. Adapter 14. O-Ring
locknut off of the piston 2. Adjustment Handle 8. Match Mark 15. Retaining Plate
stem. Leave the bellows 3. Adjustment Handle Lip 9. Piston Stem 16. Snap Ring
4. Bellows Thread 10. Socket Head Bolt 17. Spring Retainer
thread protector 11. Head 18. Compression Spring
Protector
attached to the locking 5. Locking Handle 12. Piston 19. Backup Ring
handle, if applicable. 6. Grease Fitting 13. Piston Ring 20. V-Packing or Seal
6. Depending on size, a FIGURE 4-3 VVCP Disassembly/Assembly

VVCP may have two to

four socket head bolts. Use a marker to draw match marks on the side of the VVCP where the
adapter and head join at each socket head bolt location. Loosen the socket head bolts evenly and
incrementally to release any potentially high-pressure gas. Do not breathe gas emission from
VVCP.
7. Remove socket head bolts and turn the adapter counterclockwise to thread it off of the piston stem.
Place adapter flange up next to the head.
8. Remove the piston stem and piston assembly from the head. The piston stem and piston are per-
manently joined; do not attempt to disassemble them.
9. Remove the piston ring from the piston.
10. Depending on VVCP size, Ariel machines a groove for the O-ring into either the face of the head or
the base of the adapter. Remove and discard the O-ring.
11. Some adapters use a bolted retaining plate while others use a snap ring and spring retainer:
a. Retaining Plate - Remove retaining plate bolts and retaining plate.
b. Snap Ring and Spring Retainer
• Thread a nut onto a threaded rod that is a
few inches longer than the adapter height.
• Slide a washer wider than the main bore of
the adapter down to the nut.
• Insert the threaded rod end with no nut into
the main bore of the adapter until it pro-
1. Washer
trudes from the base of the adapter. 2. Snap Ring
• Slide a washer wide enough to overlap 3. Threaded Rod
spring retainer but less wide than the snap 4. Nut
5. Backup Ring
ring onto the protruding threaded rod.
6. Spring
• Thread a nut onto the threaded rod pro- Retainer
truding from the base. Tighten nut until 7. Compression
Spring
compression spring compresses enough to 8. V-Packing
separate spring retainer from snap ring. or Seal
• Use snap ring pliers to remove snap ring.
• Remove nut from threaded rod. Remove FIGURE 4-4 Spring Compression for Snap
threaded rod and washers from adapter Ring Removal
main bore.
12. Remove spring retainer, compression spring, and backup ring from the adapter counterbore.
13. Remove V-packing or seal from adapter counterbore. Find a strong, foot-long metal 3/16 inch rod or
pipe and bend about .75 inch at 90°. Insert the rod into the adapter counterbore and slide the .75
inch beneath the V-packing or seal. Pull up on the rod or pipe to pull the V-packing or seal from the
adapter counterbore.
VVCP Reassembly
Clean all VVCP parts of all debris, rust, etc. Replace worn or damaged parts.
1. With flange up, place the head on a table. With flange up, place the adapter beside the head.
2. Depending on VVCP size, Ariel machines a groove for the O-ring into either the face of the head or
the base of adapter. Oil and insert a new O-ring into O-ring groove.

3. Install the piston ring onto the piston.

4. Oil the head bore, then insert stem and piston assembly into the head cavity.
5. Oil the adapter counterbore and insert V-packing or seal. The V-packing or seal consists of five par-
titions; insert V-packing or seal into the counterbore with the thickest partition down and the thinnest
partition up.
NOTE: When properly installed, a V-packing gives resistance when the stem is inserted.
If there is no resistance, remove the stem and use a solid cylinder of wood or metal to
tap the V-packing or seal two or three times into the counterbore to ensure proper seat-
ing.
6. Insert backup ring into adapter counterbore.
7. Insert compression spring into adapter counterbore.
8. Place spring retainer on top of the compression spring.
9. Some adapters use a bolted retaining plate while others use a snap ring and spring retainer:
a. Retaining Plate - Place the retaining plate on top of the spring retainer and press down to com-
press the compression spring. Install retaining plate bolts through the retaining plate and into the
adapter. Tighten the retaining plate bolts hand tight.
b. Snap Ring and Spring Retainer
• Compress the compression spring (see FIGURE 4-4).
• Use snap ring pliers to install the snap ring above the spring retainer.
• Remove the nut from the threaded rod, then remove the threaded rod and washers from the
main bore of the adapter.
10. Grease piston stem threads and install adapter onto piston stem. Install adapter as far as possible
on the piston stem, then turn the adapter counter-clockwise to align the socket head bolt match
marks on the adapter flange with the match marks on the head.
11. Install the socket head bolts. Tighten socket head bolts hand tight.
12. Install locking handle or adjustment locknut onto the piston stem, but do not lock it. For VVCP with
bellows thread protector, assemble the locking handle with the protector facing up.
13. For VVCP with an adjustment handle, slide the adjustment handle onto the piston stem and use a
soft hammer to ensure full engagement of the tapered fit.
14. Use the adjustment handle or piston stem hex to turn the piston stem counter-clockwise to tighten
the seal between the adapter and head, then lock the locking handle or adjustment locknut.
15. For VVCP with an adjustment handle, istall the locknut onto the piston stem and tighten it to prevent
the adjustment handle from loosening.
16. Bellows thread protector: Slide thread protector bellows onto the adjustment handle lip and
verify that it grips securely.
Metal thread protection: Thread protector over the piston stem.
17. Torque socket head bolts. See Appendix A for proper torque value and torque procedure.
18. Apply 3-4 pumps of all-purpose petroleum grease with a grease gun at the grease fitting.

VVCP Installation
Install the VVCP prior to installing valves and torqueing valve
caps. Use the Ariel supplied eyebolt to support the weight of
the VVCP.
1. Apply an anti-sieze lubricant to both the new head gasket
and the cylinder seating surface. Stick the new head gas-
ket to the cylinder seating surface.
2. Slide the VVCP into the cylinder and align the adapter 1. Cylinder 3. Eyebolt
flange bolt holes with the cylinder bolt holes. 2. Head 4. Packing Vent
Gasket 5. Flange Bolts
3. Lubricate and torque flange bolts per Appendix A.
FIGURE 4-5 VVCP Installation
4. Reconnect packing vent. Verify piston end clearances.
See TABLE 1-1 in Appendix B .
5. Install valves and torque the valve caps. See "Compressor Valves - Removal and Installation"
VVCP Adjustment
Users may change VVCP clearance volume with the compressor running or stopped. The expected
change in compressor flow and absorbed power depends on compression ratio and properties of the
compressed gas. Consult packager instructions regarding where to set the VVCP. Also see the VVCP
data sheet in the Ariel Parts Book. To open VVCP to a desired percentage:
1. For VVCP with a bellows thread protector: Loosen the locking handle so the adjustment handle
can turn freely.
For VVCP with a metal thread protector: Unscrew the metal thread protector. Loosen the lock-
ing handle or adjustment locknut so the piston stem can turn freely.
2. Find the VVCP dimension plate.
3. Subtract fully closed dimension from fully open dimen-
sion. The Ariel Performance program also lists these
dimensions if the VVCP dimension plate is missing.
FIGURE 4-6 VVCP Dimension Plate
4. Multiply the step 3 result by the desired percentage
expressed as a decimal.
5. Add the step 4 result to the fully closed dimension.
6. Turn the adjustment handle or piston stem until the measurement from the base of the locking
handle or adjustment locknut, when locked, to the top of the adjustment handle or piston stem
equals the step 5 result.

Compressor Valves - Removal and Installation

Before servicing any valve, see the correct valve assembly drawing, parts list, and service literature in
the Ariel Parts Book. The cylinder cover sheet in the Ariel Parts Book lists the valve originally supplied
with each cylinder. Changes in operating pressures, temperatures, RPM, or gas composition may
require alternate valve configuration including springing and lift. Contact your Packager and/or Ariel for
help in valve selection.
Required Tools and Materials

• Appropriate Ariel parts list
• Appropriate Ariel Maintenance and Repair manual
• Calibrated torque wrench with the appropriate range for target values
• Lubricant specified in Appendix A
• Appropriate personal protection equipment
• Bottle brush
• Pressurized liquid solvent
• Valve Tool

Valve Cap Removal

Valve Caps on Cast Iron Cylinders or
High-Pressure Caps without Spring
Energized Seals
1. Slightly loosen all cap screws in steps and evenly
on a valve cap; the cap should stay in its original
position. If it pushes outward, STOP! Completely
vent the cylinder. See Caution above.
2. After the above safety checks and with cap
screws still in place but loosened, pry the valve
cap out until the O-ring clears the cylinder to con-
firm proper cylinder venting. Use a pair of pry
bars, one on each side of the cap, to remove the
cap.
1. Cap Screw 4. Valve Retainer
3. Remove cap screws and valve cap. Take care to 2. Valve Cap 5. Valve Assembly
prevent damage to fasteners. 3. O-Ring 6. Valve Seat Gasket
FIGURE 4-7 Valve Cap Assembly for Cast

CAUTION: Valve cap, retainer, and valve Iron Cylinder
may fall out of bottom pockets if not sup-
ported. Support them after cap screw
removal to prevent personal injury.
1. Valve Cap 4. Valve Seat Gasket

2. Valve Retainer 5. Metallic Wire Gasket
3. Valve Assembly
FIGURE 4-8 High-Pressure Valve Cap

Assembly without Spring Energized Seal

Valve Cap with Spring Energized Seal

1. Remove cap nuts from long studs.
2. Slightly loosen all hex nuts on each valve cap in
steps and evenly. With all the nuts loose, the cap
should stay in its original position. If it pushes out of
its own accord, STOP! Completely vent the cyl-
inder. See Caution above.
3. After the above safety checks and with hex nuts still
in place but loosened, remove hex nuts from short
studs. 1. Hex Nut 6. Valve 9. 2-Piece
2. Cap Nut 7. Valve Gas- Wedge Lock
4. Evenly back off hex nuts on long studs while pulling 3. Valve Cap ket Washer
8. Keeper 10. Spring Ener-
the valve cap from the cylinder. Use a pair of pry 4. Seal Keeper
gized Seal
5. Retainer Bolt
bars, one on each side of the cap, to remove the
cap. Ensure the spring energized seal completely FIGURE 4-9 High-Pressure Valve Cap
disengages from the cylinder before removing the Assembly with Spring Energized Seal
hex nuts from long studs.
NOTE: Long studs are assembled with thread locker to eliminate the possibility of the
studs backing out of the cylinder while the hex nut is removed.
5. Remove long stud hex nuts and valve cap.
6. Inspect seal for damage. If undamaged, the spring energized seal is re-usable.
CAUTION: Valve cap, retainer, and/or valve may fall out of bottom pockets if not sup-
ported. Support them carefully after removing hex nuts to prevent personal injury.
Valve Removal
1. With the valve cap removed and the valve retainer still in place, install a valve tool onto the valve cen-
ter bolt or threaded washer. See Section 1 for an illustration of the tool.
2. It may be necessary to loosen the plastic thumb screws in the valve retainers. In some cylinder
classes, the discharge valve retainer is held in place with an O-ring - simply pull the retainer out to
remove it.
3. For high pressure applications that use a metallic wire gasket seal under the valve cap, the cylinder
vents upon loosening the cap screws. Use the valve tool to unseat the metallic wire gasket.
4. Remove the valve and retainer together.
5. In most cases, the flat metal gasket remains in the pocket. It is difficult to see. A flashlight and a
small mirror on an adjustable rod are the best tools to see the gasket clearly. On cylinders with hori-
zontal valves, the gasket may fall into the gas passage. Use a small magnet on a flexible extension
rod to remove gasket from cylinder.
6. Head end tandem cylinders may require removal of suction and discharge piping and the cylinder
head to access the concentric valve. A concentric valve combines suction and discharge valves in
one assembly.

Valve
Installation
1. Coat valve seat gas-
ket with Never Seez.
Either insert it into the
valve pocket or stick it
on the valve. In either
case, do not allow the
gasket to fall into the
gas passage.
Replace valve seat
gaskets anytime a
valve is removed from
a cylinder, if the unit
has been in service.
2. Install suction valves
only in suction pock-
ets and discharge
valves only in dis-
charge pockets. The
valve pockets have 1. 12-Point Capscrew 5. Guard 9. Valve Cap Bolt
identification plates. (Center Bolt) 6. Valve 10. Retainer-Keeper
Install all valves with 7. Cylinder Bore (Thumbscrew)
2. Threaded Washer
8. Valve Seat Gasket 11. Valve Cap O-Ring
valve fastener(s) posi- 3. Valve Retainer 12. Valve Cap
tioned away from the 4. Seat
cylinder bore (see FIGURE 4-10 Typical Valve Assemblies
Item 1, FIGURE 4-
10). If a valve is not marked for suction or discharge, manually depress the valve plate to verify the
type. Preferably, use a tool softer than the valve plate material or exercise care to prevent damage
to the plate. A suction valve plate may be depressed only from the valve fastener (bolting) side of the
valve; a discharge valve plate may be depressed only from the side of the valve that faces the cyl-
inder bore.
3. Use the valve tool to insert the valve and retainer into the pocket together (see tools for your com-
pressor model in Section 1). Verify the valve seats properly in the pocket. When installed correctly,
the valve rotates freely by hand.
4. Plastic thumbscrews or o-rings hold valve retainers in position in bottom valve pockets. Tighten
thumbscrews just enough to provide friction so retainers and valves in bottom pockets stay in pos-
ition during valve cap installation. Do not replace plastic thumbscrews with metal.
5. Lubricate a new O-ring with oil and install it in the groove on the valve cap nose. Some high pressure
cylinders use a soft metallic wire gasket or spring-energized seal in lieu of the O-ring. Continue to
"Valve Cap Installation".
Valve Cap Installation

Depending on the application, Ariel compressor cylinders utilize different styles of valve caps. Cast iron
cylinders utilize valve caps in which an O-ring on the valve cap seals gas within the cylinder. Forged
steel cylinders utilize a valve cap with either a spring-energized seal or a round metallic gasket to seal
gas within the cylinder. The valve cap presses the round metallic gasket into a triangular cross section
during the torque procedure.
Page 4-10 of 45 REV: 3/17A

It is critical to torque the valve cap following the torque procedure below. Valve cap bolt failures can
occur if the cap is torqued improperly. Draw bolting to full torque in even, gradual steps, without bias on
one bolt or cocking the valve cap in the bore. Such bias or cocking can unevenly crush the gasket, which
may cause leakage and/or bolt failure.
Ensure all threads are clean and free of debris or burrs. Use a bottle brush and pressurized liquid
solvent to clean threaded holes thoroughly. Avoid sending debris into cylinder gas passage. Bolts
should thread into hole and bottom out on the valve cap by hand without resistance or use of a wrench.
If bolts do not thread into hole freely, contact ARC for thread repair instructions.
Torque
See Appendix A for information on torque accuracy. For
fasteners in a circular arrangement, torque in a crisscross
order. For 3-bolt valve caps, make multiple passes using the
following pattern: 123, 231, 312 (see figure to the right). Ini-
tially torque fasteners to 25% of final torque, then torque
them up to 100% in 25% increments. In correct assemblies
with new valves, the distance from the underside of the cap
to the surface of the cylinder is a uniform 1/8 inch (3 mm).
The distance is slightly less with re-worked valves. FIGURE 4-11 Torquing Sequence
Fastener joints with wire gaskets (pressure packing, and some forged steel valve caps) require multiple
rounds of torque after reaching 100% of final torque to properly seat and crush the gasket. Continue in
a crisscross pattern until no turns on the bolts are observed.
Proper tensioning of gas containment fasteners is critical to ensure safe and reliable operation.
CAUTION: Severe personal injury and property damage may result from improperly
torqued valve cap bolts. See Appendix A for correct torque and detailed recom-
mendations.
Valve Caps on Cast Iron Cylinders or High-Pressure Caps without Spring

Energized Seals
1. Install valve assembly (and high clearance spacer, if applicable), with the valve seat gasket and
valve retainer in the valve pocket. See “Valve Installation” on page 4-10.
2. For high-pressure valve caps only: Place a new, round, metal-
lic wire gasket. Always use a new wire gasket when installing a
high-pressure valve cap; gaskets are not re-useable.
3. Oil and install a new O-ring on the valve cap. Install the valve cap.
4. For standard fasteners in iron cylinders, lubricate threads and bolt
seating surfaces with mineral oil. For stainless steel fasteners or in 1. Cylinder 3. Metallic Wire
steel cylinders, lubricate threads and bolt seating surfaces with 2. Valve Gasket
Cap 4. Valve Retainer
Never Seez regular grade. Do not use Never Seez on standard
fasteners. See Appendix A for correct valve cap bolt torque. See FIGURE 4-12 Gasket Crush
"Torque" above.
NOTE: For high-pressure applications, the valve cap joint design requires pressing a
round metallic wire gasket into a triangular cross section (see FIGURE 4-12). This
requires multiple passes in a crisscross pattern with the torque wrench. See "Torque"
above.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-11 of 45

Valve Caps with Spring Energized Seals

1. Install valve assembly with valve seat gasket and valve
retainer in the valve pocket. See “Valve Installation” on
page 4-10. Verify valve retainer openings are aligned
with the cylinder gas passage. Re-tighten thumb
screws, if applicable.
2. Inspect and lightly lubricate spring energized seal with
petroleum oil.
3. Install valve cap so the roll pins engage the clearance
slots in the seal keeper. Be careful not to gouge the
bore, or distort or damage the gasket.
4. Liberally coat the valve cap stud threads and hex nut
seating surface with Never-Seez.
5. See Appendix A for correct valve cap fastener torque.
See "Torque" above for torque procedure.
6. Continue to torque the valve cap at 100% torque value
until no bolt movement is observed. Even minute bolt
movement warrants another pass around the valve
cap in a crisscross pattern. 1. Valve Gasket 5. Roll Pins
2. Valve 6. Seal Keeper
7. Tighten cap nuts on long studs, hand wrench tight. 3. Retainer (openings 7. Spring Energized
aligned with gas Seal
passage) 8. Valve Cap
Gas Containment Fastener Torque Checks 4. Thumb Screws 9. Hex nut
10. Cap Nut
Per Section 5 (start-up checklists) and Section 3 (Recom-
mended Maintenance Intervals), Ariel recommends checking FIGURE 4-13 High-Pressure Valve
all gas containment fastener torques by the schedule below Cap Assembly with Spring-
and including this schedule in your computerized main- Energized Seal
tenance management system (CMMS):
• Prior to start-up
• 24 hours after start-up
• 750 hours after start-up
• Every 8,000 hours after start-up
Per Section 3, re-check any fasteners found loose in any of these intervals after an additional 750 hours.
If loosening continues, contact your packager immediately.
Page 4-12 of 45 REV: 3/17A

Piston and Rod

CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify neither driver nor compressor cylinder gas
pressure can turn the crankshaft during maintenance. Before any maintenance or com-
ponent removal, relieve all pressure from compressor cylinders. See packager
information to completely vent the system or call the packager for assistance. Before
removing a cylinder head, back off all cap screws 1/8 inch (3 mm). Verify the head is
loose and the cylinder is completely vented.
Piston and Rod Removal

NOTE: See Section 1 for illustrations of tools mentioned below. For non-lube cylinders, see
“Component Cleaning & Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor Cylinders” on page 4-45.
1. Loosen cylinder head bolts. Remove cylinder head and all crosshead guide side covers.
2. Move crosshead to inner dead center. Back off, but do not remove, the crosshead balance nut set
screws. Loosen crosshead balance nut with the special slugging wrench. Use the open end wrench
for hex nuts or the peg wrench for round nuts.
3. In tandem cylinders, where the outboard cylinder bore is smaller than the inboard bore, remove the
outboard cylinder. Support such cylinders during removal and installation, to avoid excessive weight
on the piston and rod assembly that may bend them.
4. If the piston uses a wear band, measure piston to cylinder clearance at bottom of piston with a feeler
gauge. See Appendix B for tolerances. If out of tolerance, replace wearband.
5. Move crosshead to outer dead center, then use the piston nut spanner to turn the piston and rod
assembly out of the crosshead. The two dowels on the tool fit the piston nut holes. Remove the
crosshead nut from the piston rod.
6. Slide the piston rod entering sleeve over the piston rod threads. With extreme care, slowly slide pis-
ton rod through packing so as not to damage wiper or packing rings.
7. For one-piece piston rings, slide the piston rod assembly from the cylinder, then carefully remove
the piston rings. For two-piece piston rings (in high pressure applications), slide the piston rod
assembly out of cylinder until a fraction of the first ring clears the cylinder. Hold the first ring in the pis-
ton groove by hand, or use a band for larger sizes, until the ring clears the cylinder, then carefully
remove the ring. This prevents the ring from popping out of the groove and damaging the ring.
Remove succeeding two-piece rings and wear band in the same way. Handle all piston rings care-
fully with clean tools and hands to protect them from nicks, marring, and bending. Despite their
toughness in service, some rings are fragile when removed.
8. The weight of the piston and rod assembly is stamped on the head end. Support the piston either
manually or with a crane as appropriate as it slides from the cylinder bore. The piston rod must
remain parallel with the bore until it leaves the bore completely. Take care not to ding any surfaces.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-13 of 45

Piston and Rod Manual Disassembly and Reassembly

Piston and Rod Manual Disassembly
CAUTION: Trapped gas pressure in hollow pistons can present a personal safety hazard
when servicing the piston and rod assembly. Work in a well-ventilated, non-sparking
area. Do not breathe gas emitted from pistons when venting trapped gas.
NOTE: Ariel offers a clamping fixture

for 1.125 to 2 inches (29 to 51 mm) Nom. Piston Clamping Force
diameter piston rods. Rod Diameter Required
1. Securely bolt clamping fixture to a Inches (mm) Ton (kN)
base to prevent it from turning with 1.125 (29) 8.67 (19.3)
the piston rod. Place it at a height of 1.5 (38) 20.4 (45.4)
about three feet (0.9 m).
2 (51) 35 (78)
2. Verify the clamping fixture saddle
where the clamping ring seats, the FIGURE 4-14 Clamping Fixture with Clamping Rings
clamping ring, and the piston rod are (Ariel P/N D-0961) and Required Clamping Force
clean, dry, and free of any oil. Even a
small amount of oil can cause the pis-
ton rod to turn in the fixture during
torquing, and a small amount of
debris clamped under high force can
damage a piston rod.
3. Clamp the piston and rod assembly in
an appropriate clamping fixture using
the appropriate clamping ring for the
rod size. Clamp it as close to the collar
as possible without fixture inter- 2. Torque Multiplier
ference with the piston. Torque the 3. Clamping Fixture
4. Spanner (bolts to
four fixture cap screws to 344 lb x ft 1. Allen Wrench (for piston nut)
(466 N•m) to prevent the rod from piston nut setscrews) 5. Torque Wrench
turning. The fixture properly holds the
piston rod to prevent damage to the FIGURE 4-15 Piston and Rod Clamping Fixture
parts and promote safety during dis-
assembly and reassembly.
4. Remove the setscrews from the piston nut. Use an Allen wrench to force them out by turning them
past the small lip formed by staking.
5. Remove piston nut using piston nut spanner.
6. After piston nut removal, slip the piston and collar off the end of the piston rod.
Piston and Rod Manual Reassembly

1. Clean all piston and rod assembly parts thoroughly. Verify piston is internally clean and dry.
NOTE: Any reassembly of used parts requires re-cleaning and re-lubrication of threads
and seating surfaces.
2. Inspect collar (or collar area on rod, when collar is integral and not separable), piston, and piston nut
for nicks, burrs, or scratches. Replace if surfaces are damaged, worn, or galled. Inspect piston ring
Page 4-14 of 45 REV: 3/17A

grooves. If damaged, or ring groove width is out of tolerance, replace the piston (see Appendix B
for tolerances). Dress surfaces with a fine grit stone as required. Fit collar and nut into piston to
verify the outside diameter fits and turns freely by hand in the piston.
3. Inspect piston rod threads and collar shoulder. Clean, de-burr, and lubricate threads. Install collar
and nut onto piston rod to verify inside diameter fits and rotates freely. Tighten piston nut until piston
threads protrude to verify freedom of thread engagement. Remove nut and collar.
4. Verify the clamping fixture saddle where the clamping ring seats, the clamping ring, and the piston
rod are clean, dry, and free of any oil. Even a small amount of oil can cause the piston rod to turn in
the fixture during torquing, and a small amount of debris clamped under high force can damage a
piston rod.
5. Clamp the piston and rod assembly in an appropriate clamping fixture using the appropriate clamp-
ing ring for the rod size. Clamp it as close to the collar as possible without fixture interference with
the piston. Torque the four fixture cap screws to 344 lb x ft (466 N•m) to prevent the rod from turn-
ing. The fixture properly holds the piston rod to prevent damage to the parts and promote safety
during disassembly and reassembly.
6. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to piston rod shoulder, rod collar locating band, and
collar face in contact with piston, then slide collar onto rod.
7. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to piston rod threads at the piston end, then slide
piston onto rod and collar.
NOTE: If one end of the piston is machined 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) undersize across a 3/4
inch (20 mm) wide band, and the piston has the same number of piston ring grooves on
each side, assemble with the undersize band toward the head end. For pistons with a dif-
ferent number of piston ring grooves on each side, assemble with the side of fewer
piston ring grooves toward the head end.
8. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to piston nut threads and piston mating face. Install
nut and hand tighten to make up the piston rod assembly.
9. Use the piston nut spanner and clamping fixture to torque piston nut to the torque listed in Appendix
A . A torque multiplier may be necessary to achieve required torque. Loosen the piston nut in 1/8
increments without disassembling and re-tighten to required torque. Repeating the torque properly
seats components and enhances the integrity of the assembly.
NOTE: To calculate torque wrench setting when using a torque multiplier, divide desired
fastener torque by the multiplier actual mechanical advantage, not design mechanical
advantage. Example: A multiplier with a design mechanical advantage of 4.0, but an
actual mechanical advantage of 3.6 requires 442 lb x ft (599 N•m) of applied torque to
achieve a 1590 lb x ft (2156 N•m) torque.
10. After tightening, the piston rod should not protrude more than 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) past the piston
face. If it does, contact your packager and/or Ariel.
11. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to two new Allen set screws.
To install a set screw, tighten it 15° past the Allen wrench yield point. Discard
the deformed Allen wrench, and use a new Allen wrench to tighten the other
set screw in the same way. If Allen wrenches are unavailable, torque the set
screws to 87 lb x in (9.83 N•m).
12. Use a punch within 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) of set screw threads to deform the
threads and stake set screws in place.
FIGURE 4-16
13. Use a calibrated scale to weigh piston rod assembly with piston rings and Staking
wear band. Stamp weight on piston head end. Flatten any raised lips to a Set Screw
REV: 3/17A Page 4-15 of 45

avoid clearance measurement errors. Record weight on a new balance sheet and send to Ariel.
See “Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing” on page C-3
Piston and Rod Installation

1. Install piston rings in cylinder main bore without piston to measure end gaps. Ariel recommends
replacing piston rings when the end gap equals three times its original specification. See Appendix
B for specification.
2. Except for non-lube cylinders, liberally lubricate the cylinder bore, piston rod, piston rings, wear-
bands and piston with compatible cylinder oil. Install rings on the piston with ring gaps staggered.
a. For cylinders requiring two-piece piston rings, verify that they are a set by the match marks. Two-
piece rings use dots as match marks -verify the dots face the pressure side of cylinder. Piston
rings are manufactured as matched sets; mixing ring halves may result in incorrect end gaps.
b. For all other rings, see "Piston Rings" below.
3. Slide the piston rod entering sleeve over the piston rod threads. Slide piston rod with piston rings
and wear band into cylinder bore. Damage to the packing rings is likely if an entry sleeve is not used.
4. Using a dial indicator, position the crosshead at the inner dead center position.
5. Verify the balance nut and crosshead mating surfaces are flat and free from dings or other dis-
parities. If necessary use a flat stone to smooth the surfaces.
6. Lubricate the piston rod and crosshead threads with Never-Seez Regular Grade. Spin the balance
nut onto the piston rod. Turn the piston rod into the crosshead. Visually center the packing flange
around the piston rod and torque packing bolts per Appendix A.
7. Set piston end clearance (see Appendix B):
a. Using the piston nut spanner, turn the piston rod into the crosshead.
b. Place a long feeler gauge equal to the crank end clearance required in the crank end top valve
pocket between the piston and the crank end head.
c. Snug piston against the feeler gauge so the feeler gauge cannot be pulled out.
d. Snug the crosshead nut against the crosshead.
e. Tighten the crosshead nut by the slugging method or by hydraulic torquing device. See
“Crosshead Installation” on page 4-29 for hydraulic torquing device.
f. Tighten the balance nut set screws and be sure to remove the piston nut spanner.
8. See “Crosshead Installation” on page 4-29 for details to re-attach piston rod to crosshead, check pis-
ton end clearance, piston rod runout and crosshead clearances, and re-assemble to close cylinder
and crosshead guide. See Appendix B and “Piston Rod Runout” on page 4-17.
CAUTION: Ariel recommends leaving distance piece covers off after any piston rod or
rod packing ring maintenance. Verify no ignition sources exist in the area, pressurize the
unit, and check for gas leaks before distance piece cover installation. This protects
against crosshead guide over-pressure and possible ignition due to incorrect installation
of packing case or components. When checking for leaks, take proper precautions in pro-
cess gas applications, such as H2S.
Page 4-16 of 45 REV: 3/17A

1. Crosshead 3. Set Screw

2. Crosshead Nut 4. Piston Nut Spanner
FIGURE 4-17 Typical Piston and Rod Installation
Piston Rod Runout

Check piston rod runout after new unit installation, unit relocation, or maintenance that may affect rod
runout.
Position the stem of a 0.0001 inch (0.001 mm) increment calibrated TABLE 4-1 JGR:JMax. Piston
dial indicator against the piston rod, close to the packing case. Set Rod Runout, Inch (mm)a
the indicator to zero with the piston toward the crank end. Bar over Direction JGJ JGR
crankshaft and record indicator readings with the piston at mid-
stroke and H. E. positions, in both vertical and horizontal directions. 0.0010 0.0015
Vertical
Record upward vertical rod movement as positive and downward as (0.025) (0.038)
negative. Record horizontal rod movement toward the auxiliary end 0.0005 0.0010
Horizontal
of the frame as positive and toward the drive end as negative. Copy (0.013) (0.025)
the table below to record readings and compare to TABLE 4-1 val- a. Machines with readings falling out-
ues. side the limits require disposition by
Ariel.
Piston Rod Runout, Inches
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Piston @ C. E. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Vertical
Mid-Stroke
(0°)
Piston @ H. E.
Piston @ C. E. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Horizontal
Mid-Stroke
(0°)
Piston @ H. E.
If a vertical reading is greater than the maximum acceptable, use this procedure to determ-
ine component acceptability: Break the balance nut loose. Looking from the head end, turn the
piston 90º counter-clockwise, and re-torque the balance nut. Record both vertical and horizontal read-
ings in the table below. If readings are within 0.0003 inch of the original runout readings above, the rod
is acceptable - break the balance nut loose. Re-set C.E. clearance and re-torque the balance nut. If rod
runout is not within 0.0003 inch of the original reading above, contact Ariel.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-17 of 45

Alternate Piston Rod Runout, Inches
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Piston @ C. E. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Vertical
Mid-Stroke
(90°)
Piston @ H. E.
Piston @ C. E. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Horizontal
Mid-Stroke
(90°)
Piston @ H. E.
Vert. Runout Differencea
Horiz. Runout Differencea
a. Piston @ H. E., original minus alternate.
Piston Rings
Most cylinders use one-piece angle-cut filled PTFE piston rings. High-pressure cylinders use two-piece
thermoplastic rings.
Ariel recommends replacing rings when the end gap increases to three times the new dimension. To
measure end gaps, insert rings in the cylinders without pistons (see Appendix B for new and maximum
end gap dimensions).
Seal-Joint Piston Rings

Seal-joint piston rings are standard for tandem compressor cylinders and optional for double acting cyl-
inders. Seal-joint rings provide a better seal for light gases and leakage minimization. Seal-joint piston
rings are directional and require correct installation.
Page 4-18 of 45 REV: 3/17A

FIGURE 4-18 Seal-Joint Piston Ring Installation Orientation
High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Rings

Face-cut piston rings are typically used in cylinders with 2500 psi MAWP or higher, and generally with
notched and fluted wear bands. The rings install with the face cuts toward the highest pressure, or
toward the nearest head. Gas pressure in the wear band area escapes past the piston rings via the face
cuts during the suction stroke to prevent loading the wear band and increase service life. Also, do not
align the ring end gaps; stagger them to minimize gas leakage.
1. Piston Rod 3. Piston 5. Wear Band 7. Notches

2. Crank End 4. Piston Rings 6. Head End 8. Staggered End Gaps
FIGURE 4-19 High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Ring Orientation
REV: 3/17A Page 4-19 of 45

Three-Piece Piston Rings

This ring style consists of two “outer” rings installed
over an “inner” ring. The inner ring rests in the bottom
of the piston ring groove. The inner ring and one
outer ring have face cuts that install facing the highest
pressure or toward the nearest head (see FIGURE
4-20). Install three-piece ring sets with the end gaps
staggered to prevent leakage.
Wear Bands
Most pistons use a single, one-piece angle-cut filled FIGURE 4-20 Three-Piece Piston Ring
PTFE wear band. High-pressure cylinders use two- Installation Orientation
piece thermoplastic wear bands (see ).
Since wear bands do not work as sealing rings, end gap is not critical. Wear band projection beyond the
outer piston diameter is important. To check wear band projection, measure piston to cylinder bore clear-
ance at the bottom of the bore. There is no need to remove the piston from the cylinder. Replace wear
band before it wears enough to allow the piston to touch the cylinder bore.
Piston Rod Packing

The piston rod packing prevents gas from entering the crosshead guide. Piston rod rings within the pack-
ing wear over time and need replacement.
Piston Rod Packing Removal

1. Remove piston and piston rod. See “Piston and Rod Removal” on page 4-13.
2. Remove packing diaphragm (if applicable) and oil wiper packing.
3. Disconnect all tubing and instrumentation (if applicable) from packing flange. Ensure there is no
debris in the tubing between the check valve and packing flange. Remove the twelve-point cap
screws that hold the pressure packing gland to the crank end of the cylinder/head.
4. Typically, the small nuts are not removed from the studs as they hold the packing case together for
removal as an assembly. However, some packings are too big to fit through the distance piece or
crosshead guide doors, so removal of the small nuts and the packing flange is necessary. For the
longer packings, knurled nuts hold the remaining packing assembly together to assist with install-
ation and removal.
5. Remove the pressure packing and take it to a clean place for disassembly.
6. Set pressure packing on a clean surface on its nose cup or cylinder end. Usually, packing cups are
marked to represent the assembly order starting with the cup closest to the cylinder as number 1. If
the cups are not matchmarked, then match mark the outside diameter of the cups and flange for
proper reassembly. Long tie studs hold the pressure packing together. The stud holes are unequally
spaced to prevent misalignment of the stack of parts. Remove the nuts and unstack the pressure
packing. Replace these nuts each time the pressure packing is serviced.
7. To check ring wear, place assembled rings (note match-marks) on the piston rod. Check end gap
clearance. If the ends butt, or nearly butt, replace the rings. See “Types of Piston Rod Packing
Rings” on page 4-24 for correct ring orientation.
Page 4-20 of 45 REV: 3/17A

8. Pry loose the metal gasket on the end cup with a sharp awl. Do not scratch the sides of the gasket
groove.
9. Before reassembly, clean all parts thoroughly.
Piston Rod Packing Reassembly

1. Refer to the pressure packing assembly in your parts book. Ariel supplies parts books with each
unit. Contact your distributor to obtain a parts book. Each pressure packing re-build kit includes a
pressure packing assembly drawing.
2. Take care not to scratch mating surfaces of the cups. Cup surfaces must be clean and dry for re-
assembly.
3. To install a new set of rod rings in an existing packing case, inspect case parts for wear. Cups
should be smooth and flat on the back side where the rod rings must seal. If cups or grooves are con-
cave or tapered, regrind or relap them. Contact Ariel for appropriate rework thickness dimensions.
It is rarely necessary to alter the crosshead side of cups, but if necessary, take care not to destroy
the correct side clearance for the renewal rings.
NOTE: If premature wear is suspected, see “Force Feed Lubrication Conditions” on page
3-28.
4. Before a packing case installation, disassemble and thoroughly clean it in an appropriate solvent for
the intended service.
5. Verify the proper position of each rod ring and FIGURE 4-21 Piston
cup and, unless non-lube, coat rings liberally Rod Packing Case
with new, clean lubricant before reassembly. Lube Cups
Use only the same lubricant in the force feed
lube system. If non-lube, see “Component
Cleaning & Thread Lube for Non-Lube Com-
pressor Cylinders” on page 4-45. Ensure tie
studs are completely threaded into the end
cup. Examine all parts for unusual nicks or
burrs which may interfere with the free floating
of the rod rings in the cups. Take particular
care with rod rings made of soft materials, such
as bronze or PTFE. It is extremely important to
handle and install wiper rings to prevent dam-
age to the scraping edges. If packing case is
cooled, see “Cooled Piston Rod Packing” on page 1.
6. Lay out parts on a work bench for progressive installation, with each part in its correct position and
the rod rings with their proper faces toward the pressure. Long tie studs hold the pressure packing
together. The stud holes are unequally spaced to prevent misalignment of the stack of parts. Note
that all rod ring segments are carefully lettered; assemble them accordingly. This is most important
for proper sealing. Center side-loaded WAT and AL rings prior to tightening tie stud nuts. Install tie
nuts and tighten to the torques in Appendix A. Manually verify all rings move freely, radially, in their
grooves. Side-loaded rings are snug, but should still move manually. Center these rings.
Packing reassembly:
a. Install the studs into the end cup (cup # 1).
b. Using cylinder oil, lubricate the cup and the pressure breaker ring or ring set, then install them
into cup (see pressure packing assembly drawing for correct orientation).
c. Install cup # 2 and repeat Step b for the seal ring sets.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-21 of 45
d. Repeat steps above for cups #3, #4, etc, until packing case is reassembled per the pressure pack-
ing assembly drawing.
e. Using a clean oil gun filled with cylinder oil, squirt oil into the lube fitting(s). If the packing is
assembled correctly, the oil will come out the lube cup. If not, disassemble the packing and cor-
rect the error.
f. Using pressurized air, repeat the above process for vent and purge lines.
g. For cooled packings the cooling circuit must be pressure tested (see “Cooled Piston Rod Pack-
ing” on page 1.
7. For new installations, carefully clean all accumulated dirt in the lines and compressor. Any foreign
material lodges in the packing and becomes destructively abrasive.
8. Replace the end cup gasket. Verify the gasket surface in the packing counter bore on the crank end
of the cylinder/head is clean and not scratched.
9. Reinstall complete packing case assembly with oil supply point on top. Use rod packing bolts to pull
packing into place.
10. Reinstall packing diaphragm (if applicable) and wiper packing.
11. Reinstall piston and rod. See “Piston and Rod Installation” on page 4-16.
12. After tightening the crosshead nut, visually align the packing, to maintain a uniform clearance
between the packing case bore and the piston rod. Tighten rod packing bolts evenly in a criss-cross
pattern to the recommended torque in Appendix A. This procedure squares the pressure packing on
its nose gasket. Rod packing bolt tightening on high pressure cylinders requires a torque multiplier.
NOTE: Repeat final torque for rod packing bolts until the bolts no longer turn. Re-check
torque on these fasteners at the next service interval.
13. Retighten tie stud nuts. Reinstall tubing connections and instruments (if applicable). Take care not
to cross-thread tubing nuts. Tubing nuts must be tight.
NOTE: After pressure packing installation, see “Force Feed Lubricator” on page 3-18 to
prime the force feed lube system and obtain recommended lubrication rates for new
machine break-in. Priming may be necessary after extended down time. Break-in lube rates
are approximately twice the normal rates, or half the normal indicator pin cycle time.
CAUTION: Ariel recommends leaving distance piece covers off after any piston rod or
rod packing ring maintenance. Verify no ignition sources exist in the area, pressurize the
unit, and check for gas leaks before distance piece cover installation. This protects
against crosshead guide over-pressure and possible ignition due to incorrect installation
of packing case or components. When checking for leaks, take proper precautions in pro-
cess gas applications, such as H2S.
Reassembling and Testing Cooled Packing Cases

In the event of disassembly, the procedures below detail the reassembly of cooled rod packing cases
and testing for proper assembly. See also “Piston Rod Packing Reassembly” on page 4-21 and “Types
of Piston Rod Packing Rings” on page 4-24.
Page 4-22 of 45 REV: 3/17A

Reassembly
See pressure packing assembly in the parts book supplied with the
unit. Contact the distributor to obtain a parts book. A pressure packing
assembly drawing comes with each pressure packing re-build kit.
Cooled cases are lapped. Take special care not to scratch cup mating
surfaces; it can cause significant problems. Cup surfaces must be
clean and dry for reassembly.
1. The cups are numbered on the outside diameter. Assemble them
in consecutive order, starting with the end cup. The offset studs
allow the cups to fit only one way.
2. Ensure the tie studs thread completely into the end cup. Install the
proper ring facing the proper direction in the groove. Do not scratch
lapped faces when sliding parts onto tie studs.
3. Install next cup. Install the rings and verify installation of the two (2)
small O-rings around the coolant holes. FIGURE 4-22 Cooled
Packing Turnaround Cups
4. Repeat step 3 to assemble remaining parts in consecutive order
per the packing case drawing.
5. Install tie stud nuts. Tighten 10-24 nuts to 20 lb-in. and 1/4”-20 to 72 lb-in. Verify all rings move
freely, radially, in the grooves. Side loaded WAT and AL rings are snug, but should move manually.
Testing
1. Verify 100% function for all internal passages. Blow dry, oil-free compressed air through the con-
nection taps on the flange and verify that air exits at the proper holes. Air applied to the connection
tap stamped “Coolant In” should exit the connection tap stamped “Coolant Out”. Air applied to the
tap stamped “Lube” should exit the appropriate cup on the inside diameter of the case.
2. Pressure leak test packing cases as follows:
a. Plug the “Coolant Out” connection.
b. Apply 60 to 100 psig dry, oil-free compressed air to the “Coolant In” connection through a ball
valve with a calibrated pressure gauge located between the ball valve and packing case.
c. Close the ball valve and disconnect the air supply. There should be no pressure drop for 5
minutes, minimum.
3. Disassemble, inspect, correct, re-assemble, and re-test any case that fails testing. To aid sealing,
bolt a packing case into place in a cylinder head with properly torqued original packing retention
bolts.
Long Two-Compartment Intermediate Packing

Compressors supplied with long two-compartment distance pieces include an intermediate packing
assembly that seals around the rod between the outboard and inboard distance pieces. This packing
assembly includes a single AL ring set.
For lubricated service, the force feed lube oils the top of the ring set at a very low rate because this ring
set is not subject to cylinder pressures and temperatures. The end-to-end seal in the cup and the low
lube rate of AL ring sets, ensures newly installed rings run virtually dry for the first few hours of oper-
ation. To avoid damage to the rings and rod, copiously oil the ring set during installation, before rod
REV: 3/17A Page 4-23 of 45

installation. Use only the same lubricant in the force feed lube system. If non-lube, see “Component
Cleaning & Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor Cylinders” on page 4-45.
Types of Piston Rod Packing Rings

There are several types of piston rod packing rings depending on the application. Below are those used
in Ariel JGR:J compressors.
“P” Pressure Breaker

This single ring is cut radially into three equal segments. It breaks down or
slows gas flow without sealing it completely.
FIGURE 4-23 “P”

Pressure Breaker
“UP” Pressure Breaker

This single solid ring breaks down or slows gas flow without sealing it com-
pletely.
FIGURE 4-24 “UP”

Pressure Breaker
“P1U” Pressure Breaker

This two-ring set allows controlled leakage in one direction
only and installs in the first or second packing cup (closest
to the piston). The first ring (pressure side) is one-piece
with a single radial cut; the second ring is solid and has a
bore larger than the rod diameter.
FIGURE 4-25 “P1U” Pressure Breaker
Page 4-24 of 45 REV: 3/17A

“BTR” Single-Acting Seal Set

This three-ring set seals in one direction only. The first
ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The second ring is
tangentially step cut and made of the same material as
the first ring. These two rings are doweled to stagger
the cuts from one ring to the other. The third ring is
called a back-up ring. It is radially cut and has a bore lar-
ger than the rod diameter. This allows the radial joints to
form a tight gas seal. This ring needs no dowel. FIGURE 4-26 “BTR” Single-Acting
Seal Set
“BD” Double-Acting Seal Set

This two-ring set consists of tangentially step cut rings
doweled to stagger the tangential cuts from one ring to the
other. This double acting set seals in either direction. In cyl-
inders operating near atmospheric pressure, it prevents air
from entering the cylinder. Install with the match mark let-
ters facing towards the cylinder.
FIGURE 4-27 “BD” Double-Acting

Seal Set
Double "WAT"
Double-Acting Seal Set
In this three-ring PTFE set, the first two rings (pres-
sure side) are radially cut; the third is tangentially
step cut. The last two rings are doweled to stagger
the cuts from one ring to the other. The first ring,
along with the center ring, forms a wedge that over-
comes rod friction and holds the ring set against
both groove faces during either direction of rod FIGURE 4-28 Double “WAT” Double-Acting
travel. Use this ring set primarily for low pressure Seal Set
applications. WAT rings must be centered when
installed in the packing case.
“AL” Double-Acting Seal Set

This five-ring PTFE set functions like a
double-ended “WAT” ring set. AL rings must
be centered when installed in the packing
case.
FIGURE 4-29 “AL” Double-Acting Seal Set
REV: 3/17A Page 4-25 of 45

“BT” Single-Acting Seal Set

This two-ring set seals in one direction only. The first ring (pres-
sure side) is radially cut; the second is tangentially step cut. The
rings are doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to the other
and form a tight gas seal.
FIGURE 4-30 “BT” Single-

Acting Seal Set
“BTUU” Single-Acting Seal Set

This four-ring set seals in one direction
only. The first ring (pressure side) is radially
cut; the second is tangentially step cut.
These rings are doweled to stagger the
cuts from one ring to the other. The third
and fourth rings are solid and have bores
larger than the rod diameter, allowing the
radial joints of the first two rings to form a
tight gas seal. FIGURE 4-31 “BTUU” Single-Acting Seal Set
“CU” Single-Acting Seal Set

This three-ring set seals in one direction only. The
first ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The second
ring is tangentially cut. The first two rings are
doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to the
other. The third ring is a solid back-up ring and has
a bore larger than the rod diameter, allowing radial
joints of the first two rings to form a tight gas seal.
FIGURE 4-32 “CU” Single-Acting Seal Set
“CUU” Single-Acting Seal Set

This four-ring set seals in one direction
only. The first ring (pressure side) is radially
cut; the second is tangentially cut. These
rings are doweled to stagger the cuts from
one ring to the other. The third and fourth
rings are solid and have bores larger than
the rod diameter, allowing the radial joints
of the first two rings to form a tight gas seal.
FIGURE 4-33 “CUU” Single-Acting Seal Set
Page 4-26 of 45 REV: 3/17A

“STU” Single-Acting Seal Set

first ring (pressure side) is solid, with radial
grooves on the pressure side. The second ring is
tangentially cut. The third ring is solid.
FIGURE 4-34 “STU” Single-Acting Seal Set
“CR” Single-Acting Seal Set

first ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The second
ring is tangentially cut. The first two rings are
doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to the
other. The third ring is called a back-up ring. It is radi-
ally cut and has a bore larger than the rod diameter
to allow the radial joints to form a tight gas seal.
FIGURE 4-35 “CR” Single-Acting Seal Set
“3RWS” Oil Wiper Set

The three rings in this set are radially cut
and doweled to stagger the cuts from
one ring to the other. They keep crank-
case oil out of the packing and cylinder.
Assemble with the blank face towards
the oil (crankcase) and the slotted side
towards the pressure packing.
FIGURE 4-36 “3RWS” Oil Wiper Set
REV: 3/17A Page 4-27 of 45

Crossheads
CAUTION: Before removing a cylinder head, back off all cap screws 1/8 inch (3 mm).
Verify the head is loose and the cylinder is completely vented. Crossheads are heavy.
Handle with care to avoid personal injury. The balance sheet that comes in the manual
with each compressor lists each crosshead weight.
Crosshead Removal
NOTE: See Section 1 for illus-
trations of tools mentioned
below.
1. Remove crosshead guide
side covers and (head end)
cylinder head or unloader.
2. Move crosshead to its inner
dead center position. Back
off, but do not remove, the
crosshead nut set screws.
3. Loosen crosshead nut with
the special slugging peg or
open end wrench, depending 1. Shoe Area 4. End Plate 6. Crosshead Nut 9. Set Screw
on nut type. 2. Bushing 5. Thru Bolt 7. Roll Pin (loosen before
3. Crosshead Pin Lock Nut 8. Thru Bolt turning nut)
4. Use the piston nut spanner to
turn the piston rod out of the FIGURE 4-37 Typical Crosshead
crosshead. The two dowels
on the spanner fit holes in the piston nut. Remove crosshead nut from piston rod. Install the piston
rod entry sleeve and push the rod end forward towards the cylinder until the rod end clears the wiper
packing assembly.
5. With crosshead in its outer dead center position, remove crosshead pin thru-bolt, lock nut, end-
plates and pin. Discard old lock nut.
6. Turn crankshaft to its inner dead center position.
7. Remove oil wiper packing from crosshead guide diaphragm.
8. Move crosshead to its outer dead center position, free of the connecting rod. Support connecting
rod so it does not drop and damage the crosshead guide surface.
9. Rotate crosshead 90°.Support the crosshead by hand.
10. Remove diaphragm from crosshead guide and slide crosshead out of crosshead guide onto the
plate.Slide crosshead out of crosshead guide.
11. Check crosshead pin to bushing clearance (see Appendix B ). Determine pin wear by inspection.
12. Replace pin, if necessary. To replace bushings, hacksaw or file to within 1/32 inches
(1 mm) of their thickness, then drift them out.
Page 4-28 of 45 REV: 3/17A

13. New bushing installation requires a press. To install a bushing in

the crosshead, cool the bushing in 95% alcohol with dry ice solu-
tion. Leave the bushing in the solution long enough to reach the
same temperature as the solution, about -110°F (-80°C).
CAUTION: Do not touch cold surfaces without

proper protection. Alcohol is flammable; use it only
in open air or well-ventilated buildings. Avoid sparks
and open flame. Avoid alcohol vapors which may
cause injury to nose and eye tissue. Do not return
solution to a closed container until it reaches room
temperature or container may explode.
NOTE: Directly support the crosshead side receiving the

new bushing to prevent the press from possibly crushing
the crosshead (see FIGURE 4-38). Thoroughly clean bush- FIGURE 4-38 Crosshead
ing and crosshead to prevent dirt accumulation between Bushing Replacement
bushing and crosshead bore.
14. Where applicable, verify oil holes in the bushing line up with the holes in the crosshead.
15. Inspect shoe surfaces. Except for light polishing, there should be no wear whatsoever.
Crosshead Installation
NOTE: Return crossheads to their original throw location. Use frame oil for lubrication
where needed.
1. Oil crosshead and guide surfaces and push crosshead into position.
2. Rotate crosshead 90°. If crosshead becomes wedged, do not force it; it will damage the crosshead
shoe surface. Use a box end wrench on the connecting rod bolt to lever the small end of the con-
necting rod into the centered position, then slide the crosshead into the guide under the connecting
rod. Be careful not to damage crosshead shoe or crosshead slide surfaces during installation.
3. Turn crankshaft to its outer dead center position to locate the connecting rod in position and insert
crosshead pin. DOil crosshead pin, crosshead, and connecting rod bushings prior to installation.
Install crosshead pin end-plates (be careful to align roll pins with holes in the end plates), thru-bolt,
and a new lock nut. Tighten thru-bolt and lock nut to the torque listed in Appendix A .
4. Reposition throw to inner dead center and push the piston rod assembly toward the crosshead far
enough to remove piston rod entry sleeve.
5. Lubricate piston rod threads with Never-Seez regular grade. Install crosshead-balance nut onto pis-
ton rod.
6. Push the rod into the crosshead and turn the piston rod assembly until the required crank end piston
clearance is reached.
NOTE: At this point, set piston end clearance or serious damage may occur. See
required piston crank end clearance on cylinder data plate or Appendix B .
7. Insert a feeler gauge, equal to the required crank end clearance, through an open valve pocket. For
13 in. (330 mm) and larger cylinders, insert feeler gauge through a bottom valve pocket. Tighten the
piston rod into the crosshead until piston is tight against the feeler gauge, and the feeler gauge can
be removed manually.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-29 of 45

8. Tighten crosshead-balance nut: Strike the special slugging peg or open end wrench with a dead
blow semi-soft faced hammer until an audible difference can be heard or the wrench “bounces” indic-
ating a tight nut. Some mechanics obtain desired tightness in 3 to 4 strikes; others may require
more.
When nut is tight, remove feeler gage. Verify removal of all tools from cylinder and crosshead.
9. With the head end head or unloader properly installed (closed position) and fasteners tightened,
rotate crankshaft 180° to outer dead center position of throw. Remove a top head end valve.
Determine required piston head end clearance limits from cylinder data plate or Appendix B . Meas-
ure head end clearance at the top of the head end, using feeler gages through the open valve
pocket. Determine if measured clearance is within tolerance. Tighten the crosshead-balance nut set
screws. Re-install valve assemblies and properly tighten fasteners. See “Valve Installation” on page
4-10.
10. Check piston rod runout and crosshead clearances upon re-assembly, any time a piston rod is
removed. See Appendix B for crosshead clearances.
11. Examine top cover and side cover seals. If there is doubt about their condition, replace them. Apply
Never-seez Regular Grade to both sides of the gasket to ease future removal. Replace top cover
and crosshead guide side covers. Tighten all cap screws hand wrench tight.
Connecting Rods
A connecting rod assembly consists of a rod with bushing, a rod cap, rod cap bolts (4), and two half bear-
ing shells. The bearing shells join together to form the connecting rod bearing.
CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify neither driver nor compressor cylinder gas
pressure can turn the compressor crankshaft during maintenance. Follow appropriate
lock out procedures. Before any maintenance or component removal, relieve all pressure
from compressor cylinders. See packager information to completely vent the system or
call the packager for assistance. After maintenance, purge the entire system with gas
prior to operation to avoid a potentially explosive air/gas mixture.
Connecting Rod Removal

1. Remove top cover from crankcase and side covers from crosshead guides.
2. Remove the middle frame spacer bar of the three over the desired pair of throws. Spacer bars fit
snugly, but should remove manually without hammering. They should not fall out. If fit is too loose or
tight contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding.
3. Move throw to outer dead center position.
4. Remove lock nut, bolt, end plates, and crosshead pin from crosshead. Discard old lock nut.
5. Remove crosshead as described in “Crosshead Removal” on page 4-28.
6. Support connecting rod so it does not drop and damage the crosshead guide, then turn the crank-
shaft until the throw is at its highest point. Loosen all the rod cap bolts part way. Remove the top two
rod cap bolts and the rod bearing cap. The bottom two bolts remain in the cap during cap removal.
NOTE: Do not pry or chisel to separate cap from rod; it damages the connecting rod.
7. Half of the bearing shell comes out with the cap. Slide out the other half from the rod.
8. Turn crankshaft until rod can be removed through the crosshead guide side cover openings.
Page 4-30 of 45 REV: 3/17A

9. After removing connecting rod(s), protect crank pins from nicks or scratches.
Connecting Rod Bearing Removal

1. Remove the middle frame spacer bar of the three over each pair of throws. If replacing main and
rod bearings, remove all spacer bars. If spacer bar bolts are difficult to loosen, use a 12-point slug-
ging wrench and hammer. Spacer bars fit snugly, but should slide out by hand without hammering.
They should not fall out. If fit is too loose or tight, contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding.
1. Remove frame top cover and all crosshead guide cov-
ers.
2. Remove the middle frame spacer bar of the three over
each pair of throws. If replacing main and rod bearings,
remove all spacer bars. Spacer bars fit snugly, but
should slide out by hand without hammering. They
should not fall out. If fit is too loose or tight, contact your
packager or Ariel before proceeding.
3. Rotate the crankshaft to approximately 45º (see
FIGURE 4-40).
4. Loosen all connecting rod bolts approximately 1/8 in.
(3.2 mm). 1. Top Face 3. Rod Cap
2. Conn Rod Bolts 4. Rod
5. Pry the crosshead toward the cylinder until it bottoms
out. Work the rod cap away from the rod as evenly as FIGURE 4-39 Rod/Rod Cap Separation
possible. Separating the two parts unevenly may break
the rod cap dowels or cause them to bind in the rod dowel holes. If the two parts of the con rod do
not separate easily by hand, loosen all bolts an additional 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and pry the crosshead
again.
NOTE: Do not pry or chisel to separate cap from rod; it damages the connecting rod and
can break the alignment dowel pins.
6. Remove all bolts from the cap first, and then remove the cap. Lift the
cap while holding the bearing in the cap because oil causes the bear-
ing to stick to the crankshaft pin. Do not remove the cap with
bolts in place.
7. Support the rod by hand while another person rotates the crank
away from the rod. When the connecting rod is clear of the crank-
shaft, rest it on the crosshead guide slide.
8. Rotate the crank to inner dead center and remove the connecting FIGURE 4-40 Crank
rod bearing. Rotation
9. After removing bearings, clean any coking or debris from both the
rod and rod cap surfaces with a non-metallic Scotch-Brite or similar scouring pad and
solvent.Check for raised edges on machined surfaces. All surfaces should be as clean and dry as
possible.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-31 of 45

Connecting Rod Bearing Installation

1. Check new bearing shells for handling 1. Rod 5. Bearing Shell
damage, scratches, burrs, and loose 2. Rod 6. Bearing Shell Tab
Bushing 7. Rod Cap
material at the tabs. DO NOT RUB Dowels
3. Rod Dowel
BEARING SURFACE WITH Holes 8. Rod Cap Notch
FINGERNAIL. New bearing shells and 4. Rod Notch 9. Rod Cap
crankshaft crank pin bearing surfaces
must be absolutely clean. Fit the tab of a
new, dry half bearing shell into the rod
notch.
NOTE: Where bearings are identified
with an ink pictograph, connecting
rod bearings and main bearings are
not interchangeable. DO NOT put
main bearings in a connecting rod.
Do not mix part numbers on an indi-
vidual main or connecting rod. Both
bearing half shells must have the FIGURE 4-41 Connecting Rod Bearing Installation
same part number.
2. Thoroughly inspect the crank pin for dings and scratches. If needed, use an Arkansas stone to dress
dings and scratches (Norton Hard Translucent Arkansas Stone, 3” x 1/2” x 1/2”, product number
HF-43). Lightly slide the stone around the circumference of the crank pin surface to remove any high
spots; do not slide it back and forth over the length of the crank pin. After dressing, ensure the crank
pin is clean and dry. If the crank is scored around the circumference, use 600 grit emery cloth to
remove high spots.
3. Apply clean, new lube oil liberally to the crank pin.
4. Fit the tab of the other bearing shell into the rod cap notch.
5. Attach the rod cap to the rod:
a. Support the connecting rod by hand while another person
rotates the crank towards the rod. Stop rotating the crank at
about a 45º angle (see FIGURE 4-42).
b. Keep supporting the connecting rod by hand while the second
person pries the crosshead towards the crank until the rod bot-
toms out on the crankshaft.
c. Carefully lower the connecting rod cap (WITHOUT BOLTS!) onto
the crank pin. Verify rod bolts are undamaged and free of dirt.
Lubricate them per Appendix A , then place all four bolts into the
rod cap.
NOTE: Ariel stamps throw numbers on all rod caps and
rods. Install a rod cap in the correct throw location with
the stamped numbers facing up.
d. After ensuring the rod cap seats properly on the rod, tighten all FIGURE 4-42 Attaching Rod
conn rod bolts to the torque listed in Appendix A . to Crankshaft
6. Repeat steps 1-5 for all remaining connecting rods.
Page 4-32 of 45 REV: 3/17A

7. Measure each connecting rod bearing jack and thrust clearance as detailed in this document. If
clearance readings are not within tolerances of Appendix B , contact your packager or Ariel before
proceeding.
NOTE: If replacing main bearings, continue to "Main Bearing Removal". If not replacing
main bearings, continue to Step 8.
8. Install spacer bars so the match mark is up and next to the spacer bar boss with the same mark.
Tighten all spacer-bar cap screws to the torque listed in Appendix A .
9. Account for all tools, equipment, supplies, and parts to ensure none are left inside the crankcase.
10. Examine top cover and side cover seals. If there is doubt about their condition, replace them.Apply
11. Reverse lockout procedures.
12. After replacing bearings, thoroughly pre-lube compressor to ensure bearing lubrication and to help
remove foreign materials from the lube system.
13. Run the compressor according to the time intervals listed on the form in Appendix D. After each run,
shut down and remove the frame top cover. Measure main and connecting rod bearing cap tem-
peratures with a hand held thermocouple probe or infrared thermometer and record them on a copy
of the form in Appendix D. Complete the form and email or fax it to Ariel Field Service.
Connecting Rod Bushing Removal and Installation

1. Check crosshead pin to bushing clearance (see Appendix B ). Determine pin wear by inspection.
Replace pin, if necessary.
2. To replace a bushing, file or hacksaw the existing bushing to reduce the tightness of the shrink fit.
From the inside diameter, file or saw across the length of the bushing to within 1/32 inches (1 mm)
of its radial thickness. It can then be easily drifted out. DO NOT file or saw into the connecting
rod; any bore damage renders the rod useless and requires rod replacement.
3. Use a hydraulic press in a qualified machine shop to install the new bushing. Do not hammer bush-
ing into place; it will distort the bushing bore.
4. Before installation, cool new bushing in a 95% alcohol and dry ice solution. Leave bushing in solu-
tion long enough to reach the solution temperature, about -110°F (-80°C).
5. Position connecting rod on the press table so the chamfered edge of the rod bushing bore is on top.
Press bushing into rod bore. Align bushing oil hole with connecting rod oil passage (if applicable)
before pressing bushing in. The bushing has an annular groove around its outside diameter aligned
with the oil hole; if the bushing shifts in the connecting rod during operation, oil still travels to the
bushing inside diameter and to the crosshead pin. However, a new bushing installation should
cover no more than 1/3 of the rod oil passage hole. (see .
CAUTION: Do not touch cold surfaces without proper protection. Alcohol is flam-
mable; use it only in open air or well-ventilated buildings. Avoid sparks and open
flame. Avoid alcohol vapors which may cause injury to nose and eye tissue. Do not
return solution to a closed container until it reaches room temperature or container
may explode.
NOTE: Thoroughly clean bushing and connecting rod to prevent dirt accumulation
between them. Immediately assemble them so the bushing does not warm and stick
before it is in place. If the bushing sticks, remove it by notching as in step 2 above.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-33 of 45

Connecting Rod Installation

1. To install a new connecting rod, stamp match mark numbers matching the throw location on the
tops of the connecting rod and bearing cap (with notches up). See FIGURE 4-43.
2. Check new bearing shells for handling damage, scratches, burrs, and loose material at the tabs. DO
NOT RUB BEARING SURFACE WITH FINGERNAIL. New bearing shells and crankshaft crank
pin bearing surfaces must be absolutely clean. Snap a new, dry half bearing shell into the rod with
the bearing tab properly located in the rod notch. With the crankcase top cover off, turn the throw to
inner dead center position and slide the rod into the crosshead guide space. Oil crankshaft crank pin
bearing surfaces with new clean lubricating oil, the same type used in the frame, before connecting
rod cap installation.
NOTE: Connecting rod bearings and main bearings are not interchangeable. Connecting
rod bearings have a narrower groove or no groove at all. DO NOT put main bearings in
connecting rod bearing locations.
NOTE: Caps and rods are numbered by throw beginning with number one at the drive
end. For throw numbering sequence, see . Always install rods with numbers up. Protect
crank pin at all times.
3. Fit connecting rod to crank pin and turn to the highest position. Carefully lower the connecting rod
cap (without bolts!!) onto the crank pin. Verify rod bolts are undamaged and free of dirt. Lubricate
them per Appendix A , then insert all bolts into rod cap and snug them; do not tighten to full torque.
4. Reconnect rod and crosshead with pin. Install end plates, thru-bolt, and new lock nut. Tighten lock
nut to the torque listed in the Appendix A .
5. Follow the "Recommendations for Torque
Accuracy" in Appendix A to tighten con-
necting rod cap screws to the
recommended torque.
6. Measure each connecting rod bearing to
crankshaft jack clearance and connecting
rod thrust (side) clearance (see "Con-
necting Rod Bearing Vertical Jack
Clearance Measurement" and "Connecting
Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance Meas-
urement" below). Record measurements on
a copy of the form in Appendix D. If meas- FIGURE 4-43 Typical Connecting Rod
urements are out of tolerance after installing
new bearings, contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding
7. Reinstall spacer bars. All spacer bars are match-marked for proper location; reinstall them in their
original location. Tighten all spacer bar bolts to the torque listed in Appendix 1
8. Examine top cover and side cover seals. If there is doubt about their condition, replace them. Apply
Connecting Rod Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement

1. Turn the crankshaft pin of the desired throw to its highest position. For JGH:E:K:T:C:D:F:Z:U:B:V
and KBZ:U:B:V models, thread an eye bolt into the connecting rod (see FIGURE 4-44).
Page 4-34 of 45 REV: 3/17A

2. Attach the magnetic base of a needle dial indicator to the crankshaft web adjacent to the connecting
rod. Place the point of the dial indicator against the top of the connecting rod near the center of the
cap seam.
3. Zero the dial indicator. Insert a pry bar into the eye bolt and pry against the frame to force the con-
necting rod up until the dial indicator needle stops moving. For JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:J:W models, pry
against the top conn rod bolts. While maintaining upward pressure, note the reading.
4. Release upward pressure and push downward on the rod until the indicator reads zero again. If a
zero reading cannot be obtained, zero the indicator again and repeat steps 3 and 4. Repeat the
measurement process until the measurement returns to zero twice in a row to verify accuracy.
5. Repeat measurement process for every rod. If a reading is outside the tolerances of Appendix B,
contact your packager or Ariel.
NOTE: Remove eye bolts, magnetic bases, dial indicators, and pry bars after meas-
urement.
Dial indicator magnetic stand placement on top of crankshaft web, and pry Use pry bar to check jack
bar inserted into eye bolt. clearance.
FIGURE 4-44 Typical Connecting Rod Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement
Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance Measurement

1. Turn the crankshaft pin of the desired throw to its highest position.
2. Attach the magnetic base of a button dial indicator to the side of the crankshaft web adjacent to the
connecting rod. Place the button of the dial indicator against the thrust surface of the connecting rod
(see FIGURE 4-45).
3. Use a pry bar to pry against the crankshaft web and thrust the connecting rod tight toward the dial
indicator (do not pry on rod cap). Release pressure and zero the dial indicator.
4. Thrust the connecting rod tight in the opposite direction until the dial indicator needle stops moving.
Release pressure and note reading. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to verify measurement accuracy.
5. Repeat the measurement process for every rod. If a reading is outside the tolerances in Appendix
B, contact your packager or Ariel.
NOTE: Remove magnetic bases, dial indicators, and pry bars after measurement.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-35 of 45

Dial indicator magnetic stand Dial indicator button placement. Thrust rod tight toward and away
placement. from dial indicator.
FIGURE 4-45 Typical Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance Measurement
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is the heart of the compressor. With proper maintenance, it should provide years of
trouble-free service.
Oil Slinger Replacement

CAUTION: Do not touch hot surfaces without proper protection.
Although the slinger should last indefinitely with proper care, it may become nicked. To replace it:
1. Suspend the crankshaft as detailed in "Crankshaft Removal" and heat the slinger to about 400°F
(204°C). When it expands, it is easily removed.
2. Slide a minimum ½-inch (13mm) diameter rod through the new slinger. Do not mar slinger surfaces,
and be careful of its sharp outer edge. Suspend the slinger and heat it with a small torch. When it
reaches about 400°F (204°C), slip it over the drive end of the crankshaft. Hold the slinger in place
with high temperature gloves or two pieces of clean wood. Rotate it slightly to ensure squareness,
until it cools enough to shrink onto the crankshaft.
Main Bearing Removal 1. Puller Nut - turn to

pull bearing cap
1. Remove top cover and spacer straight up.
bars. If spacer bar bolts are dif- 2. Rectangular
ficult to loosen, use a 12-point Steel Bar
Clearance Hole:
slugging wrench and hammer. 11/16 in. (18 mm)
Spacer bars fit snugly, but should Length:16 in. (406 mm)
slide out by hand without ham- 3. Drill Hole
mering. They should not fall out. 4. Threaded Rod
Nominal Size:
If fit is too loose or tight contact 5/8 in. - 11
your packager or Ariel before pro- Length:7 in. (178 mm)
ceeding. 5. Lock Nut
6. Puller Hole
2. Remove main (journal) bearing 7. Crankshaft
cap screws. Pull caps straight up FIGURE 4-46 Main
to prevent damage to the dowel Bearing Cap Puller
fit. If cap is tight, use a bearing
cap puller (see FIGURE 4-46).
Remove shells from main bearing caps.
Page 4-36 of 45 REV: 3/17A

3. Remove main journal bearing shells from under the crankshaft one at a time. If needed, attach
clean nylon straps around the crankshaft and lift it 0.003 - 0.005 inch to lessen weight on the bear-
ings and allow easier removal. To remove, rotate shell under the crankshaft tab side out first, by
pushing or tapping with a non-metallic tool on the opposite side. Ariel provides an optional tool (B-
3340) to push the shell out. Do not damage crankshaft bearing surfaces. Replace with new bearing
shell, before rotating out the next main bearing shell.
4. Clean any coking or debris from both saddle and main bearing cap surfaces. Check for raised
edges on machined surfaces. Verify all surfaces are clean and dry as possible and no bolting is dam-
aged.
Main Bearing Installation

1. Check new bearing shells for damage, scratches, burrs, and loose material at the tab. DO NOT
RUB BEARING SURFACE WITH FINGERNAIL. Keep the backs of shells dry and clean; install-
ation requires perfectly clean bearing shells. Install bearing shells in caps, and frame journals,
properly located in the tab notch, (rotate in the un-tabbed end first).
NOTE: Where bearings are identified with an ink pictograph, main and connecting rod
bearings are not interchangeable. Do not put connecting rod bearings in main bearing
locations. Do not mix part numbers on an individual main or connecting rod. Both bear-
ing half shells must have the same part number.
2. Apply a liberal amount of clean, new lube oil to crankshaft bearing surfaces.
3. Main bearing caps have position match-marks corresponding with frame spacer bars and spacer
bar bosses. Install main bearing caps with new bearing shells in their correct locations. Seat the cap
by tapping it with the handle of a hammer or screwdriver. It is a machined fit, not a press fit, and the
cap should not rock in the jaw fit when it seats. Do not use bolting to force the cap to seat. Snug the
cap screws. Starting at the end, tighten the main bearing cap bolts to the torque listed in Appendix A
.
4. Verify proper alignment of main bearing cap dowels with the holes in the crankcase base. A set
screw on top of each dowel prevents it from backing out.
5. Check crankshaft journal bearing jack (at each bearing) and crankshaft thrust clearances to values
in Appendix B (see procedure below). Record readings on a copy of the form in Appendix D. If read-
ings are out of tolerance after new bearing installation, contact your packager or Ariel before
proceeding.
6. Install spacer bars so the match mark is up and next to the spacer bar boss with the same mark.
Tighten all spacer-bar cap screws to the torque listed in Appendix A .
7. Account for all tools, equipment, supplies, and parts to ensure none are left inside the crankcase.
Reinstall gaskets and top cover(s). Tighten cover bolts hand wrench tight.
8. Reverse lockout procedures.
9. After replacing bearings, pre-lube compressor for 10-15 minutes at 30 psi to ensure bearing lub-
rication and to help remove foreign materials from the lube system.
10. Run the compressor according to the time intervals listed on the form in Appendix D. After each run,
shut down and remove the frame top cover. Measure main and connecting rod bearing cap tem-
peratures with a hand held thermocouple probe or infrared thermometer and record them on a copy
of the form in Appendix D. Complete the form and email or fax it to Ariel Field Service.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-37 of 45

Crankshaft Removal
1. Remove coupling disk pack. The coupling hub may be removed now, but it may be easier after
crankshaft removal. If the hub is not removed, the drive end cover cannot be removed and must lift
out with the crankshaft. Remove all drive end cover mounting bolts. Remove the two tapered dowel
pins from the drive end cover.
2. Remove top cover and spacer bars. If spacer bar bolts are difficult to loosen, use a 12-point hammer
wrench.
3. Do not damage the sharp corners on each end of the crankcase top. They form a junction between
the end covers, top cover, and base; keep them sharp and unmarred to prevent oil leaks.
4. Detach connecting rods and move them to their full outer position. See “Connecting Rod Bearing
Removal” on page 4-31.
5. Remove chain eccentric adjustment capscrews. Turn the eccentric to loosen the chain and slip it off
the crankshaft sprocket. For more clearance while lifting the crankshaft, remove the force feed lub-
ricator drive sprocket.
6. Remove main bearing caps. See “Main Bearing
Removal” on page 4-36.
7. Before removing the crankshaft, prepare wooden
saddles or blocks of wood with sides high enough
to prevent the webs or oil slinger from touching the
floor to store the crankshaft during maintenance -
even if for only a short time. Also, protect the crank-
shaft from above so dropped tools or equipment
cannot mar pin and journal surfaces.
8. Turn the crankshaft so that sling lifting points are 1. Oil Slinger
2. Main Bearing Journals 4. Crank Pins
above the shaft center of gravity to prevent rotation 3. Chain Sprocket 5. Counterweights
when lifted. Lift straight up with the crankshaft ends
parallel to the frame. The crankshaft weight FIGURE 4-47 Typical Crankshaft
requires two men and a crane to safely remove it.
Use appropriate sized nylon slings to prevent marring the crankshaft running surface.
NOTE: Lower half bearing shells sometimes stick to the shaft journals. After lifting the
shaft about ¼ inch (6mm) clear of the saddles, verify the lower half bearing shells remain
on the saddles. If not, tap them back onto the saddles before lifting the shaft further.
9. While one person raises the crane very slowly, the second person must grasp the crankshaft at the
drive end with one hand on the counterweight or one of the throws and the other on the shaft end to
keep the crankshaft level. It may be necessary to lower the crank and reposition the straps to
achieve a balanced lift. Wear clean gloves for a good grip, to avoid cuts from the slinger, and to
avoid marring the running surface. As the shaft slowly raises, lift the drive and auxiliary ends at the
same rate. Carefully guide the crankshaft to avoid marring its surfaces.
Crankshaft Installation
1. Thoroughly clean the oil gallery that runs from the drive end to the auxiliary end of the crankcase and
the vertical and horizontal intersecting oil passages that lube the main bearings and crosshead
guides. Any debris left in the oil gallery or intersecting passageways could cause bearing or
crosshead failure. Deburr and clean main bearing caps to prepare for installation.
2. Thoroughly clean new main bearing half shells and install them in the frame saddles.
Page 4-38 of 45 REV: 3/17A

3. Lubricate bearing surfaces with clean crankcase oil. Cover bearings with clean paper towels to pre-
vent debris contamination. Remove towels just before seating the crank in the saddles.
4. Move connecting rods to full outer position if not already there.
5. Install the crankshaft. While the crankshaft lowers very slowly into the crankcase (suspended by a
crane with clean nylon slings), one man wearing clean gloves should grasp the drive end and slowly
maneuver the drive end and auxiliary end straight down into the crankcase. Both drive end and aux-
iliary end journals should touch the bottom bearing shells at the same time.
6. Before connecting rod installation, measure each crankshaft journal bearing jack clearance with a
dial indicator (see procedure on page 4-39 and allowable clearances in Appendix B ).
7. Reattach connecting rods (See “Connecting Rod Installation” on page 4-34), packing diaphragms,
and unloaders/head end heads.
8. Reinstall chain drive. (See “Chain Drive System” on page 4-41).
9. Replace spacer bars. Locate spacer bar match mark. Install spacer bar so the match mark is up and
next to the spacer bar boss with the same marking.
10. Install drive end cover with new gasket using the tapered dowel pins to properly align the cover.
Verify at least 0.008 inch (0.2 mm) clearance exists between the dust seal housing and crankshaft.
Then install a new dust seal.
11. Use a knife to trim excess from end cover gaskets flush to the compressor frame top cover rail.
12. Examine top cover and side cover seals. If there is doubt about their condition, replace them.Apply
Main Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement

1. Turn crankshaft until the web adjacent to the desired main bearing is vertical (see FIGURE 4-48).
2. Loop a lifting strap around the crankshaft web adjacent to the main bearing and attach the strap to a
crane.
NOTE: If the crane does not have a fine adjustment, attach a chain hoist to the crane lift-
ing hook to prevent excessive force on the crankshaft and crane.
3. Attach the magnetic base of a needle dial indicator to the top of the main bearing cap. Place the
point of the dial indicator against the top of the adjacent web and zero it.
4. GENTLY lift crankshaft. The dial indicator needle moves steadily until the crane/hoist overcomes
crankshaft oil stiction, at which point the needle jumps a little. Stop lifting immediately at this point,
and note the reading.
5. Release crane/hoist pressure and repeat step 4 to verify the measurement.
6. Repeat the measurement process for each main bearing. If a reading is outside the tolerances in
Appendix B, contact your packager or Ariel.
NOTE: Remove magnetic bases, dial indicators, and lifting strap after measurement.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-39 of 45

Dial Indicator magnetic stand place- Needle-type dial Indicator placement Place lifting strap around crankshaft
ment on top of a main bearing cap. on top of adjacent crankshaft web. web - attach strap to a crane.
FIGURE 4-48 Typical Crankshaft Journal Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance Measurement
Crankshaft Thrust (End) Clearance Measurement

1. Attach the magnetic base of a button dial indicator to the top of a main bearing cap. Place the button
of the dial indicator against the side of the adjacent crankshaft web (see FIGURE 4-49).
2. Use a pry bar to pry against the compressor frame and thrust the crankshaft tight toward the dial
indicator. Release pressure and zero the dial indicator.
3. Thrust the crankshaft tight in the opposite direction until the dial indicator needle stops moving, then
release pressure. Note reading. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to verify measurement accuracy.
4. If the measurement is outside the tolerances in Appendix B , contact your packager or Ariel.
NOTE: Remove magnetic bases, dial indicators, and pry bar after measurement.
Dial Indicator magnetic stand place- Button-type dial Indicator placement Pry against compressor frame to
ment on top of a main bearing cap. against the side of crankshaft web. thrust crankshaft back and forth.
FIGURE 4-49 Typical Crankshaft Thrust Clearance Measurement
Page 4-40 of 45 REV: 3/17A

Chain Drive System

The chain drive system is crankshaft-driven
at the auxiliary end of the frame. For JGR:J
compressors, a single chain runs the lube
oil pump and force feed lubricator. An idler
sprocket attached to the eccentric adjust-
ment cap controls chain tightness. The
chain dips into the crankcase oil for con-
stant lubrication. In dry sump applications,
an oil sprayer lubricates the chain.
1. Force Feed Lubricator 4. Cap Screw
Sprocket 5. Dust Plug
6. Chain
2. Crankshaft Sprocket
7. Oil Pump Sprocket
Chain and Sprocket 3. Eccentric Adjustment
Replacement FIGURE 4-50 JGR:J Chain Drive Systems
Replace chain(s) if elongation exceeds

0.084 inches (2.13 mm) over a 10 pitch length. Meas-
ure the section of chain with vernier calipers while it is
stretched tight in position in the compressor. Add a
measurement outside the rollers at 10 pitches (X) to a
measurement between the inside of the same rollers
(Y), and then divide by two. Replace the chain if the res- FIGURE 4-51 Measuring to Check Chain
ult exceeds 3.834 inches (97.4 mm). This number Elongation
applies to either one-row or two-row chains.
Replace sprockets showing any undercutting or other damage.
Chain Idler Sprocket Replacement (Eccentric Adjustment Caps)

1. Chain idler sprocket loc-
ation varies for standard
versus reverse rotation.
2. Remove frame top cover.
3. Remove all dust plugs from
the eccentric cap and all
cap screws holding the
eccentric cap to the end
cover. Rotate eccentric
cap to loosen chain for
1. Dust Plug 3. Stat-O-Seal 5. Washer 7. Thru Bolt
removal. Drop the chain off 4. Self-Lock Nut 6. Sprocket
2. Cap Screw
the idler sprocket and
remove entire assembly FIGURE 4-52 Typical Chain Idler Sprockets (Eccentrics)
from the end cover.
4. Remove and discard lock nut, hex cap screw, stat-o-seal, washer, and cap O-ring.
5. Reassemble new cap screw, stat-o-seal, washer, sprocket, and lock nut. Tighten idler lock nut to
recommended torque in Appendix A.
6. Apply oil and install a new O-ring. Install assembly and chain.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-41 of 45

7. Take care when measuring and adjusting the force feed idler sprocket; it is thinner than the force
feed lubricator and drive sprockets. To center the idler sprockets in the chain, subtract the force feed
idler sprocket thickness from the drive sprocket thickness and divide the difference by 2. Add this
value to the measurement from the inside face of the auxiliary end cover to the outside face of the
force feed idler sprocket. Adjust driven sprockets to the drive sprocket measurements, aligned
within 1/32 inch (1 mm). Non-alignment may require disassembly and shimming eccentrics.
8. Adjust chain according to “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-44.
Lube Oil Pump Sprocket Replacement

1. Remove all pump piping. Remove
fasteners from pump mounting flange.
After chain removal, the pump with
sprocket comes free through the end
cover hole.
2. To position the new sprocket, use a
machinist rule to measure the exact dis-
tance from sprocket drive face to pump
mounting flange face (X). Note this
measurement for future reference.
1. Gaskets 4. Sprocket
3. With the oil pump on a bench, use an 2. Key 5. Adapter
Allen wrench to remove the sprocket 3. Set Screws 6. Pump
set screws, then pull the sprocket from
the shaft. FIGURE 4-53 Typical Lube Oil Pump Chain Sprocket
4. Remove the key from the shaft and file the shaft to smooth burrs raised by the set screw cup point.
5. Install a new key (see build book for type and dimensions). First verify it fits into the new sprocket. If
too thick, polish the key with emery cloth on a flat surface until it easily slides into the notch. The top
edge may also require a little polishing.
6. Install new sprocket to the original measurement between the sprocket drive face and the pump
mounting flange face. When in position, tighten set screws.
7. Lubricate both sides of gaskets with anti-seize lubricant or multi-purpose grease to ease future
removal. Install new gaskets.
8. Reinstall pump onto end cover. Using a straight edge, to within 1/32 inch (1 mm), check alignment to
crankshaft drive sprocket with crankshaft centered in end play. If misaligned, adjust sprocket pos-
ition as needed.
9. Adjust chain according to “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-44.
10. Reinstall all piping to pump.
Page 4-42 of 45 REV: 3/17A

Force Feed Lubricator Chain Sprocket Replacement

1. With a good machinist rule, measure exact distance from
inside face of auxiliary end cover to near face of lubricator
sprocket. Note measurement for proper positioning of new
sprocket. Remove chain.
2. Remove sprocket set screw and sprocket. Detach all
tubing from lubricator.
3. Remove mounting bracket cap screws and lubricator.
4. With the lubricator on the bench, remove key from shaft
and file shaft to remove burrs raised by set screw cup
point. Oil and install a new O-ring.
1. Mounting Bracket 4. Shaft Oil Seal
5. Dig out the shaft oil seal with an awl and install a new one. 5. Key
Cap Screws (4)
6. Set Screw
6. Install a new key. Verify it fits into the new sprocket (see 2. Auxiliary End Cover
7. Sprocket
3. O-Ring
build book for key type and dimensions). If too thick, polish
it with emery cloth on a flat surface until it easily slides into FIGURE 4-54 Force Feed
the notch. The top edge may also require a little polishing. Lubricator Chain Sprocket
7. After new key installation, verify the new sprocket fits, oil
the new O-ring, and remount lubricator to the end cover.
8. Slide new sprocket onto the shaft and set to dimension measured in step 1. Tighten set screw.
9. Using a straight edge, to within 1/32 inch (1 mm), check alignment to crankshaft drive sprocket with
crankshaft centered in end play. When aligning this sprocket with the idler sprocket, take into
account that the idler sprocket is thinner than the other sprockets. If misaligned, adjust sprocket pos-
ition as needed.
10. Install chain and adjust according to “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-44.
11. Re-attach all tubing to lubricator.
Crankshaft Chain Sprocket Replacement

CAUTION: Do not touch hot surfaces without proper protection.
Examine sprocket carefully for wear; sprockets operating for five years or
more may require replacement. To replace a sprocket on a JGR:J:
FIGURE 4-55
1. Drill a hole in the sprocket hub parallel to the shaft centerline and big
Crankshaft Sprocket
enough to remove most of the hub cross section (see figure to the right).
Removal
Multiple smaller holes may be required. DO NOT touch shaft with drill.
Mark the drill with tape to avoid drilling through the sprocket and into the
crankshaft face. The hole relieves most of the shrink, and a few radial strikes with a hammer and
chisel opens the sprocket enough for easy removal.
2. Suspend the new sprocket with a wire and heat it with a small torch to about 400°F (204°C), then
slip it over the auxiliary end of the crankshaft. Hold the sprocket in place and rotate it slightly to
ensure squareness until it cools enough to shrink onto the crankshaft.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-43 of 45

Chain Adjustment
1. Roll the crankshaft to the tightest position
of the chain. This prevents snugging the
chain at a slack position and breaking
rollers, or ruining the pump and lubricator
bearings when the chain goes through its
tightest position.
2. Use a tape measure to measure the
longest most easily accessible span from
sprocket center to sprocket center,
where the deflection will be gauged.
Determine allowable deflection limits for
the measured span as defined by the
shaded area in FIGURE 4-57.
3. Measure chain deflection from a straight
edge held on the chain rollers where it FIGURE 4-56 Typical Chain Deflection
wraps over the two sprockets of the span Measurement
(see FIGURE 4-56). Using a machinist’s
scale with 0.01 inch or (1.0 mm) incre-
ments, apply finger pressure to measure the distance from the straight edge to a chain roller at the
center of the span. Record the measurement and check to see if it is in tolerance.
4. If adjustment is required, remove the cap screws and plastic plugs from the eccentric cap. Rotate
the cap clockwise to line up the first two new cap screw holes. If this tightens the chain too much,
turn the cap counterclockwise for a different hole alignment.
5. Replace and tighten the two cap screws hand wrench tight. CAUTION: Over tightening may res-
ult in bent shafts.
6. Roll the crankshaft to check tightness in several positions. At its tightest position, the chain should
deflect within the shaded limits in FIGURE 4-57 . Replace plastic caps to keep the holes clean.
FIGURE 4-57 Allowable Chain Deflection, Inches (mm)
Page 4-44 of 45 REV: 3/17A

Component Cleaning & Thread Lube for Non-Lube

Compressor Cylinders
Ariel cleans and protects complete non-lube cylinders to non-lube service requirements. Clean all
internal parts shipped loose, contaminated internal surfaces, and repair parts prior to installation, to
extend the life of rings and non-lube compressors.
Clean cylinder bore thoroughly with denatured alcohol until a clean, alcohol-soaked, white paper towel
removes no more debris. This includes all surfaces of the bore, counter bore, valve pockets, etc. Do not
use Never-Seez on steel gaskets. Apply a light film of oil to cylinder seating surfaces to seal o-rings.
CAUTION: Denatured alcohol presents health and safety hazards. It contains methyl alco-
hol and is poisonous if ingested. Avoid eye and skin contact. Keep alcohol away from
heat, sparks, flame, and all other ignition sources. Use adequate ventilation, neoprene or
butyl gloves, mono-goggles or face-mask, and impermeable apron. Properly handle and
dispose of materials resulting from clean-up. See manufacturer's material safety data
sheets for more details.
Do not use any lubricants or anti-seize compounds on parts that may contact the gas stream.
Use very small amounts of Never-Seez regular grade on nut and collar when assembling piston
assembly. Thoroughly clean piston (especially the ring grooves) with denatured alcohol until a clean,
alcohol-soaked towel removes no more debris.
Disassemble packing case. Wipe all surfaces clean with denatured alcohol. Re-assemble. When the
packing case is water cooled, re-assemble and test to “Testing” on page 4-23. Handle cleaned parts
with new or clean "rubber" or new white cotton gloves.
Before piston rod installation, wipe it with denatured alcohol. Be careful not to leave fingerprints on the
rod before it contacts the packing rings. Wipe the rod with denatured alcohol after installation.
Clean the head end head or unloader components with denatured alcohol. Use minimal amounts of oil
for the bolt-holes to ensure oil does not run into the cylinder. Also install the head end steel gasket
without Never-Seez.
Disassemble and clean the valves with denatured alcohol, then re-assemble, wipe them again, and
install. Clean retainers and high clearance assemblies with denatured alcohol. Use only a thin film of oil
for the valve cap O-rings and bolt-holes.
Assemble cleaned parts immediately to avoid contamination and corrosion. If cylinder will not com-
mence immediate service, contact Ariel for preservation instructions to ER-34.
REV: 3/17A Page 4-45 of 45

Section 5 - Start Up
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data and
Start Up Check Lists for Reciprocating Com-
pressors JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D:F
The following forms are designed to ensure a successful start-up of Ariel reciprocating compressors.
Ariel warranty coverage requires these completed forms be sent to:
Administrative Assistant - Sales, Ariel Corporation
35 Blackjack Road • Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050 USA
Phone: 740-397-0311 • FAX: 740-397-3856
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data

Date:__________________ Name: ___________________________________________________
Unassigned Resale Direct Sale Lease-Purchase Rental/Lease Unit
Compressor Frame
Frame Model:_____________________________ Frame Serial #:_______________________________________
Frame Lubricant Make and Grade:_________________________________________________________________
Package Startup Date:________________________________
Distributor/Fabricator
Company:_________________________________________ Name:_____________________________________
Address:____________________________________________________________________________________
City:________________________________ State:_______ Zip:________________ Country:__________________
Fabricator Unit Number:_______________________________________
Application
Air/Nitrogen CNG/GNC FPSO Gathering Fuel Gas Booster
Refrigeration Pipeline PRC Injection Storage/Withdrawal Miscellaneous
Elevation:_____________________________
H2S%:_____________ CO2%:_____________ Specific Gravity:__________________ Non-Lube: Yes No

Section 5 - Start Up For models JGR:J
Unit Location
Customer Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
Project/Lease Name: ___________________________________________________________________________
Closest Town:________________________________ State:______ Country:_____________ Offshore: Yes

No
Directions to Location or GPS:____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Customer Contact Person:__________________________________ Contact Phone:_________________________
Contact Email:___________________________________________________________ OK to contact: Yes

No
Driver
Driver Manufacturer:___________________________________________ Driver Model:______________________
Driver Type:_________________________ Applied RPM:_____________ Name Plate HP (kW):________________
Coupling Manufacturer:________________________________________ Coupling Model:____________________
Compressor Cylinders and Operating Conditions

Cylinder Stage Throw Serial Bore Dia. Inlet Temp. Inlet Pres. Disc. Temp Disc. Pres.
Class Number Number Number In. (mm) °F (°C) psig (barg) °F (°C) psig (barg)
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Cylinder Lubricant Make and Grade:______________________________________________________________________________
Documentation and Accessories

Check all items included in the shipment:
Maintenance and Repair Manual Yes No Recommended Spares List Yes No
Start-Up Spare Parts Yes No Unit Start and Stop Procedures Yes No
Toolbox w/Ariel Tools Yes No Toolbox with Hydraulic Tools (optional) Yes No
Unit Parts List Yes No Toolbox with SAE Hand Tools (optional) Yes No
Commissioning Agent
Name:_________________________________________ Company:_____________________________________
Address:_____________________________________________________________________________________
City:________________________________ State:_______ Zip:________________ Country:__________________
Phone:_______________________________________ Email:__________________________________________

For models JGR:J Section 5 - Start Up
START-UP CHECK LIST - ITEMS TO CHECK IN THE FIELD AT COMMISSIONING
Description Date Checked Date Verified
1. Check and verify the top cover data plate of the compressor
Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
frame for compressor design limitations such as rod load, maxi- __________________ __________________
mum and minimum speed, and maximum lube oil temperature.
2. Check and verify the availability of correct start-up spares, hand
tools, special tools, compressor parts list and drawings, and tech- __________________ __________________
nical manuals at installation.
3. Check and verify the Ariel lube sheet and Lubrication Spe-
cification matches the recommended oil grade and viscosity for __________________ __________________
the service.
4. Check and verify all lube oil piping cleanliness per Ariel lub-
rication specifications (see “Oil System Cleanliness” on page 3- __________________ __________________
9).
5. Verify lube oil storage and supply line cleanliness per “Oil Sys-
tem Cleanliness” on page 3-9). Verify crankcase oil supply __________________ __________________
isolation valve is open.
6. Verify pre-lube piping cleanliness per “Oil System Cleanliness” Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
on page 3-9) and correct circuit operation. __________________ __________________
7. Verify there is an oil cooler and high temperature shutdown for Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
the oil into the compressor frame. __________________ __________________
8. Verify whether the temperature control valve installation is blend- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
ing or diverting (blending preferred). __________________ __________________ __________________
9. Check compressor crankcase oil level controller for proper install- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
ation, operation, levelness, and venting. __________________ __________________
10. If applicable, check cooling water circuit cleanliness for the oil
cooler and cooled packing per Maintenance and Repair Manual. Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
Verify correct routing and test pump rotation. Set pressure appro- __________________ __________________
priately per Maintenance and Repair Manual and leak test.
11. Verify correct filter element installation. Prime the oil filter ele- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
ment and all lube oil piping with oil. __________________ __________________
12. Verify proper compressor crankcase oil level before starting Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
(about 7/8 full in site glass). __________________ __________________
13. Verify correct installation of a low oil pressure shutdown tubed to Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
the downstream side of the oil filter. __________________ __________________

14. Operate pre-lube system. __________________ __________________

15. OPTIONAL STEP: Record “out of plane” readings (pre-grout) - see Appendix H - ER-82.
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

Drive End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Auxiliary End
Flatness measuring device Manufacturer / Model:______________________________________
Date of last calibration:______________________ Calibration Due:________________________

__________________ __________________
16. Record soft foot readings. Over 0.002 inches (0.05 mm) pull-down on any frame foot requires correction.
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

Drive End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Auxiliary End
__________________ __________________
17. Check crosshead guide shimming

for correct pre-load and hold down __________________ __________________
bolt torque.
18. Record piston end clearances with feeler gages (see Maintenance and Repair Manual, Appendix B).
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Head End ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Crank End ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
NOTE: Pre-lube compressor before Commissioning Agent: Distributor:

turning crankshaft. __________________ __________________
19. Measure and record rod runout (see Maintenance and Repair Manual for maximum acceptable readings).
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Vertical:
Piston @ CE ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Mid-Stroke ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Piston @ HE ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Horizontal:
Piston @ CE ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Mid-Stroke ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Piston @ HE ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
NOTE: Pre-lube compressor Commissioning Agent: Distributor:

before turning crankshaft. __________________ __________________

20. Measure crosshead clearances with cylinders mounted. To check

top, insert 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) wide feelers from one side edge
across to the opposite side, at both ends. See Maintenance and
Repair Manual, Appendix B for limits. To check bottom, insert a
0.0015 inch (0.038 mm) feeler at the four corners; feeler should
insert no more than 0.50 (13 mm). Record values:
Throw Top Min. Top Max. Bottom Max. (Corners)

1 _________ _________ _________ __________________ __________________
2 _________ _________ _________

3 _________ _________ _________
4 _________ _________ _________
5 _________ _________ _________
6 _________ _________ _________
21. For electric motor drivers, check and verify the motor shaft is set
at its magnetic center before positioning axial clearance. With the Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
coupling disconnected, check and verify driver rotation matches __________________ __________________
the compressor rotation arrow.
22. Check coupling bolt torque to coupling manufacturer Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
recommendations. __________________ __________________
23. Check and verify compressor to driver alignment (installed on

site, cold). Record dial indicator readings in inches (mm) at the 3,
6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions or attach alignment tool print-out.

__________________ __________________
If using a laser alignment tool, make a print out and attach it to this doc-
ument.
24. Check and verify compressor crankshaft thrust clearance. The
shaft should remain stationary after thrusting each direction (see Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
Appendix B). __________________ __________________
________________________ _________________________

START-UP CHECK LIST - PROCESS PIPING VENTS AND DRAINS
1. Verify the bottle and process pipe installation contains no bolt

bound flanges or elevation differences that may stress the com- __________________ __________________
pressor cylinders
2. Verify cold adjustment of any bottle or cylinder supports. __________________ __________________

3. Verify correct inlet screen orientation in process piping. __________________ __________________
4. Check and verify vents and drains of the primary and secondary
packing-case and the crosshead distance piece are open and __________________ __________________
tubed to a safe atmosphere.
5. Check and verify safety relief valve installation to protect cyl- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
inders, piping, and cooler for each compression stage. __________________ __________________
6. Record method of suction pressure control and valve size. Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
_________________________ _________________________ __________________ __________________
7. Check and verify crankcase breather element is open to atmo- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
sphere and clean. __________________ __________________
8. Check and verify torque to spec on all gas containment and other
fasteners where loosening may result in a safety hazard or equip-
ment failure including: gas nozzle flanges, valve caps, cylinder __________________ __________________
heads, compressor rod packing, and crosshead guide support.
See Appendix A .
START-UP CHECK LIST - INSTRUMENTATION
1. Check and verify the set point for the high compressor oil tem- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
perature shutdown at 190°F (88°C) maximum. __________________ __________________
2. Check and verify proper vibration shutdown installation and oper-

ation. Record alarm and shut down settings.
_______________________________________________________
__________________ __________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Verify operation of suction, inter-stage, and discharge pressure
shutdowns. Record alarm and shutdown settings.
_______________________________________________________
__________________ __________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. Check, verify, and record the over speed setting: _____________ __________________ __________________

START-UP CHECK LIST - FORCE FEED LUBRICATION SYSTEM

1. Check and verify force feed lubricator box for proper oil level. __________________ __________________
2. Prime the force feed lubrication system through the purge port at
the force feed pump discharge manifold. Check and verify each __________________ __________________
tube connection for tightness.
3. Check and verify operation of force feed lubrication system no Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
flow shutdowns. __________________ __________________
4. Record color of force feed blow out discs (see TABLE 3-3 for
disc ratings): ______________________________
If fitted with an ARV, verify the cracking pressure marked on the __________________ __________________
relief valve and the pin indicator color match the lube sheet spe-
cification.
5. Check, verify, and record recommended lube feed rates from lub-
ricator data plate or “Parts Book” Cylinder Lubrication sheet. Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
__________________ __________________
_______________________________________________________
FINAL PRE-START CHECK LIST

1. Operate pre-lube system. Record pre-lube pressure:_________ __________________ __________________
2. For engine driven units, disable ignition and roll the engine with
the starter to check and verify the compressor rolls freely. Check Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
and verify oil pressure increases noticeably while rolling on the __________________ __________________
starter.
3. For electric motors, bar the compressor over manually to check Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
and verify it rolls freely. __________________ __________________
4. For machines compressing a combustible gas, purge the entire

system including the piping, by-pass, recycle line, and com- __________________ __________________
pressor cylinders of all air.
5. Review start-up instructions for all other package components. __________________ __________________
6. Complete the required review of the Start-Up and Operating Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
Instructions for the unit with the unit operator. __________________ __________________
INITIAL POST START-UP CHECK LIST
1. Check and verify immediate oil pressure increase. Enable oil

pressure shutdown and bearing temperature shutdowns. Record __________________ __________________
initial pressure at operating speed._____________________
2. Check and verify oil filter pressure gauges. Record initial dif- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
ferential: __________________________________________ __________________ __________________

INITIAL POST START-UP CHECK LIST
3. Check and verify the low oil pressure shutdown is active and set Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
at 45 psig (3.1 barg). __________________ __________________
4. Check and verify lube oil pressure set at 50 to 60 psig (3.5 to 4.2
barg) at operating speed and temperature (see “Oil Pressure” on __________________ __________________
page 3-7). Record final setting:__________
5. Record oil filter maximum differential reference value listed on Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
the compressor top cover filter data plate: __________________ __________________ __________________
6. Listen and feel for any strange noises or vibration in the com-
pressor or piping. Record any occurrences.
_______________________________________________________ Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
_______________________________________________________ __________________ __________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
7. Check and verify high discharge gas temperature shutdowns are
set about 10% above normal operating temperature (350 °F (177 __________________ __________________
°C) maximum) and functioning.
8. Check and verify distribution block cycle time indicator and set Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
lubricator pump for proper break-in rate. __________________ __________________
9. Check and verify the unit and piping is free from any gas or fluid
leaks. Record any occurrences.
_______________________________________________________ Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
_______________________________________________________ __________________ __________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
10. Check and verify scrubber high level shutdowns operation and Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
check scrubber dumps operation and frequency. __________________ __________________
11. Check, verify, and record tank levels that indicate the amount of Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
liquids removed from the gas. ____________________________ __________________ __________________
12. Check and verify piston rod packings seal properly in the primary Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
packing vents. __________________ __________________
13. Check and verify operation of all safety functions to ensure unit Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
shutdown upon indication. __________________ __________________
14. If applicable, check and verify main bearing temperatures and Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
record. Watch for even bearing temperature increase. __________________ __________________
15. During various operational conditions, use the Ariel performance

program to check and verify operational characteristics of vari- __________________ __________________
ous load steps.

24-HOUR POST START-UP CHECK LIST
1. Record "hot" alignment readings after reaching normal operating

temperatures and components become heat soaked. Shutdown
and vent gas system. Within 30 minutes and while components
are still hot, record dial indicator readings in inches (mm) at the 3,
6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions on lines provided below:

__________________ __________________
If using a laser alignment tool, make a print out and attach it to

this document.
2. If using a discharge bottle or head end cylinder supports, adjust
when components are heat soaked to ensure no excessive forces __________________ __________________
exist to cause detrimental cylinder deflection.
3. Check and verify torque on gas nozzle flange, valve cap, cylinder Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
head, compressor rod packing flange, and guide to frame bolting. __________________ __________________
4. Verify inlet screens are clean by monitoring differential pressure

across the screen. If differential pressure is unavailable, a visual
inspection may be required. Remove and replace damaged inlet Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
screens. Clean inlet screens regularly to avoid increased pres- __________________ __________________
sure that may collapse them. More debris in the screen may
dictate more frequent inspections.
5. Complete Ariel’s “Compressor Warranty Notification - Installation Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
List Data” (pages 5-1 and 5-2). __________________ __________________
750-HOUR POST START-UP CHECK LIST
1. Check and verify torque on gas nozzle flange, valve cap, cyl-
inder head, and compressor rod packing flange bolting. Re-check
fasteners found loose in any of these intervals after an additional __________________ __________________
750 hours. If loosening continues, contact your package supplier
immediately.
2. Verify inlet screens are clean by monitoring differential pressure
across the screen. If differential pressure is unavailable, a visual
inspection may be required. Remove and replace damaged inlet Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
screens. Clean inlet screens regularly to avoid increased pres- __________________ __________________
sure that may collapse them. More debris in the screen may
dictate more frequent inspections.
3. Send completed form and check lists (pages 5-1 to 5-9) to Ariel Commissioning Agent: Distributor:
as noted on page 5-1 __________________ __________________

Section 6 - Compressor Troubleshooting
Expect minor problems during routine operation of an Ariel compressor. These troubles most often
trace to liquid, dirt, improper adjustment, or operators unfamiliar with Ariel compressors. These dif-
ficulties can usually be corrected by cleaning, proper adjustment, elimination of an adverse condition,
part replacement, or proper training.
Major problems usually trace to long periods of operation with unsuitable lubrication, careless oper-
ation, lack of routine maintenance, or using the compressor for purposes not intended.
Recording inter-stage pressures and temperatures on multistage units is valuable. Any variation when
operating at a given load point indicates trouble in one of the stages. Normally, a decrease in inter-
stage pressure indicates trouble in the lower pressure cylinder. An increase usually indicates trouble in
the higher pressure cylinder. Below is a list of common problems and possible causes.
Problem Possible Causes
• Oil pump pressure regulating valve set too low or sticking.

• Oil pump or oil pump drive failure.
• Oil foaming from counterweights striking oil surface (oil level in sight glass
too high), or from vortex at strainer inlet (oil level in sight glass too low), or
from leaks in pump suction line.
• Cold oil.
• Dirty oil filter.
Low Oil Pressure
• Interior frame oil leaks.
• Excessive leakage at bearings.
• Improper low oil pressure switch setting.
• Oil pump relief valve set too low.
• Defective pressure gauge.
• Plugged oil sump strainer.
• Improper end clearance in oil pump.
• Suction control valve malfunction.
• Faulty pressure gauges.
• Frozen/plugged inlet line.
High/Low Suction Pressure • Plugged intake screen or filter.
• Scrubber dump valve stuck open.
• Recycle malfunction.
• Site production equipment problems.
• Faulty valves or rings.
• Gas leak.
• Frozen cooler section or tubing to panel.
High/Low Inter-Stage Pressure
• Faulty pressure gauges.
• Scrubber dump valve stuck open.
• Load change.
• Loose piston.
• Piston hitting cylinder head end head or crank end head.
• Loose crosshead balance nut.
Noise in Cylinder • Broken or leaking valve(s).
• Worn or broken piston rings or wear bands.
• Valve improperly seated or damaged seat gasket.
• Liquids in cylinder.
• Loose crosshead pin or pin caps.
• Loose or worn main, crankpin, or crosshead bearings.
Frame Knocks • Low oil pressure.
• Cold oil.
• Incorrect oil.

Section 6 - Compressor Troubleshooting For models JGR:J
• Knock is actually from cylinder end.

• Low fluid level in damper.
• Excessive lube oil.
Excessive Carbon • Improper lube oil.
• Oil carry-over from inlet system or previous stage.
on Valves • Broken or leaking valves causing high temperature.
• Excessive temperature due to high pressure ratio across cylinders.
• Faulty relief valve.
Relief Valve Popping • Leaking suction valves or rings on next higher stage.
• Obstruction, closed or faulty valve in discharge line.
• Excessive ratio across cylinder due to leaking inlet valves or rings on next
higher stage.
High Discharge • Fouled inter-cooler piping.
Temperature • Leaking discharge valves or piston rings.
• High inlet temperature.
• Improper lube oil and/or lube rate.
• Faulty temperature gauge.
• Dirty oil filters.
High Frame Oil • High oil level.
• Faulty thermostatic element.
Temperature • Faulty thermostatic control valve.
• Clogged or blocked oil cooler.
• Binding or tightness in the compressor.
• Lubrication failure.
• Improper lube oil and/or insufficient lube rate.
• Worn packing rings.
Packing Over Heating • Dirt in packing.
• Improper ring side or end gap clearance.
• Scored, tapered or out of round piston rod.
• Excessive piston rod runout.
• Worn packing rings.
• Improper lube oil and or insufficient lube rate.
• Dirt in packing.
• Packing rings assembled incorrectly.
Excessive Packing Leakage • Improper ring side or end gap clearance.
• Plugged packing vent system.
• Scored, tapered or out of round piston rod.
• Excessive piston rod runout.
• Packing not seated or properly run in.
Drive End of Crankshaft • Clogged vent or vent piping.

Oil Leaks • Excessive cylinder packing leakage.
• Worn wiper rings.

• Wipers incorrectly assembled.
Piston Rod Oil Wiper Leaks
• Worn/scored rod.
• Improper fit of rings to rod/side clearance.
• Force feed pump or lubricator block failure.
• Loss of oil supply to force feed pump.
Force Feed Lubrication
• Lubricator drive failure.
Shutdown • DNFT not programmed correctly.
• DNFT battery failure or power loss.

For models JGR:J Section 6 - Compressor Troubleshooting
• Loose or grounded control wiring.

• Pin assembly not completely pushed into the DNFT housing.
• Joint not tight.
• Pipe sealant was omitted.
• Defective or damaged pipe threads.
Oil Leaks at Pipe Threaded Con-
• NPTF Dryseal threads not being used.
nections • Pressure too high for pipe threaded connection use.
• Pipe thread sealant incompatible with the synthetic oil used.
• Cracked pipe or fittings.
• Short in wire to panel.
• Incorrectly positioned vibration switch.
• Loose mounting bolts.
Vibration Shutdown
• High scrubber level (liquid carry-over).
• Broken valve, piston, or piston rod.
• Main drive-line or coupling failure.

Appendix A - Ariel Fasteners and
Torques
This document lists fastener lubrication and torque requirements for proper assembly of JGR:J recip-
rocating compressors. For older units with lower specified torque values, do not assume higher values
without consulting the packager and/or Ariel.
• Use only Ariel specified TABLE A-1 Fastener Thread & Seating Surface Lubrication
fasteners tightened to the
correct torque. NOTE: Lubricate all fasteners both under the head and on the threads.
• Connecting rod, valve cap, Application Lubricant
and suction/discharge • Frame: spacer bars, jack screws
nozzle (Ariel supplied flange) • Steel Cylinders: valve cap, cylinder mounting
fasteners are modified to pre- flange to cylinder body, packing, crank end and head
Never-Seez
vent fatigue; do not replace end head, gas passage
them with standard cap Regular Grade
• Pistons: piston nuts, set screws, piston collar,
screws. For questions about crosshead threads
replacing other fasteners • All stainless steel fasteners
with standard cap screws, Use Loctite only with
contact your packager or Fasteners specified with Loctite on threads
no additional lube
Ariel.
Connecting rod fasteners Lubriplate 630
• Clean and de-burr all
threads. Mineral oil
All other fasteners
(ISO 100-150)
• Do not use molybdenum
disulfide lubricants.
• Do not use Never-Seez for fastener lubrication unless specified or excessive stresses may result with spe-
cified torques. See TABLE A-1.
• Use anti-seize lubricants sparingly; excessive amounts cause oil analysis to indicate contamination and may
unnecessarily increase maintenance costs.
• Re-preserve any fasteners subject to corrosion after installation.
FIGURE A-1 Bolt Head Grade and Material Identification
CAUTION: To replace a fastener, see parts list for fastener grade and part number. Do
not use a lesser or greater material grade. Use Ariel parts to replace special fasteners
and fasteners with reduced body diameter for fatigue resistance. Do not torque fasteners
with compressor running or pressurized. Read technical manual safety warnings.
REV: 3/17A Page A-1 of 5

Appendix A - Ariel Fasteners and Torques For models JGR:J
Recommendations for Torque Accuracy

1. Qualified personnel must use a properly calibrated torque wrench to correctly torque fasteners.
2. Determine torque wrench accuracy range - most are not accurate over their entire range.
3. Clean and de-burr all threads before assembly.
4. Tighten all multi-bolt assemblies in steps (optional for Grade 5 cap screws). Snug opposing pairs of
cap screws until all are snug. Next, tighten each cap screw to 25% of full torque in the same pattern.
Repeat this step for 50%, 75%, and 100% of full torque. For main bearing stud nuts and connecting
rod bolts, repeat the 100% step to verify proper pre-torque of fasteners prior to the final partial turn.
5. Always apply a steady slow force to a torque wrench, and stop immediately when the wrench clicks;
do not bounce or jerk the wrench. Bouncing or jerking a torque wrench may apply up to one and a
half times the torque setting.
6. Perform final tightening with a torque wrench. Do not tighten fasteners with a ratchet or impact
wrench, and then "check" the torque with a torque wrench.
7. Do not double tap a torque wrench; it increases the set torque significantly.
8. When checking the torque of a tightened fastener, set torque wrench to required torque, then apply
a slow steady force until the wrench clicks.
9. When finished, reset torque wrench to its lowest setting to relax the spring and help retain accuracy.
A torque wrench left in a high setting stresses the spring and decreases accuracy with time.
10. Do not break fasteners loose with a torque wrench; it may overload the wrench and/or destroy
calibration.
11. To determine the torque wrench setting when using a torque multiplier on larger fasteners, divide
the desired fastener torque by the multiplier actual mechanical advantage, not the design mech-
anical advantage. Example: An X4 torque multiplier, model TD-1000 has a design mechanical
advantage of 4.0, but an actual mechanical advantage of 3.6.
12. For hard to access fasteners requiring a boxed end
or crow's foot adapter with a torque wrench, the
torque setting is not the actual torque applied to the
fastener, unless the adapter is 90° to the torque
wrench. The ratio of actual fastener torque (Ta)
with the torque setting (Tw) is a function of the
length the adapter adds to the torque wrench (A),
and the location of the applied force. FIGURE A-2 Torque Wrench with Angled
Tw = Ta x [L ÷ (L + A)] Adapter
Tw = Torque wrench setting, lb x ft or N·m.
Ta = Torque required at fastener, lb x ft or N·m. NOTE: Lb x In ÷ 12 = Lb x Ft
L = Length of wrench, ft or m (from square drive end to center point of force on handle).
A = Wrench length added by adapter, ft or m (measured through end of adapter on a line parallel to
the center line of the wrench).
13. When studs are specified for cylinder applications, tighten nuts to the same values as cap screws in
similar applications.
14. Install pipe threads using Loctite 577 thread sealant. Synthetic oils may require Loctite 545 and
Loctite Activator 7649 (N).
These are general guidelines for proper torque wrench use. Call a torque wrench dealer for details.
Page A-2 of 5 REV: 3/17A
For models JGR:J Appendix A - Ariel Fasteners and Torques
TABLE A-2 Hoerbiger Valve Assembly Fastener Torques
Nominal Size Torque

Fastener Type
Inch - TPI LB x FT (N·m), unless specified
5/16 - 24 14 (19)
12 Point - Steel Grade 5
Center Cap Screw a 3/8 - 24 24 (33)
Material Parts: SPL3 & 4
7/16 - 20 35 (48)
5/16 - 24 22 (30)
12 Point - Steel Grade 5
3/8 - 24 40 (54)
Material Parts: SPL or SPL5
7/16 - 20 65 (88)
5/16 - 24 12 Point - Stainless Steel Grade 14 (19)
3/8 - 24 B8M 24 (33)
7/16 - 20 Material Parts: SPL6 35 (48)
#10 - 32 25 lb x in. (2.8)
#12 - 28 43 lb x in. (4.9)
Peripheral Cap Screw 1/4 - 20 Hex Socket Head 110 lb x in. (12)
5/16 - 18 176 lb x in. (20)
3/8 - 16 21 (28)
Nominal Size Torque LB x FT (N·m), unless specified
Single-piece Lock Nuts
(Greer, Flexloc, Selflock) Inch - TPI SPLb Other
5/16 - 24 15 (20) 109 lb x in. (12)
3/8 - 24 26 (35) 17 (23)
7/16 - 20 48 (65) 26 (35)
1/2 - 20 67 (91) 41 (55)
5/8 - 18 110 (150) 82 (110)
3/4 - 16 195 (265) 145 (195)
(Microlock, Spiralockb)
7/8 - 14 295 (400) 230 (310)
Center Stud Drake 2-Piece Inch - TPI Bottom Half Top Half
Beam Lock Nut
1/4 - 28 103 lb x in. (12) 66 lb x in. (7.5)
Top Half 5/16 - 24 120 lb x in. (14) 66 lb x in. (7.5)
3/8 - 24 16 (22) 96 lb x in. (11)
1/2 - 20 36 (49) c 20 (27)
5/8 - 18 73 (99) 40 (54)
3/4 - 16 130 (175) 70 (95)
Bottom Half 7/8 - 14 210 (285) 115 (155)

a. Center cap screw valve assemblies have Spiralock® (SPL) threads to prevent loosening. See bottom of valve
assembly for SPL material parts number (3, 4, 5 or 6) and select proper torque from the table. Lubricate both
threads and seating surfaces with a petroleum type lubricant ONLY. If using older valve assemblies not covered in
the table, see the original torque chart provided in the compressor tool box, or contact Ariel for instructions. Spir-
alock® threads cannot be dressed with a standard tap. Clean center cap screws in valve assemblies not marked
SPL with Loctite safety solvent and lock them with one or two drops of Loctite #272 thread locking compound. DO
NOT use petroleum lubricants.
b. Microlock and Spiralock nuts are marked "SPL" on one of the flats.
c. Use 29 (39) for 1/2 - 20 bottom half Drake lock nut with non-metallic valve plates in liftwasher valves.

Appendix A - Ariel Fasteners and Torques For models JGR:J
TABLE A-3 JGR:J Fastener Torques
Nominal Size, Torque

Fastener Type LB x FT (N·m), unless
Inch - tpi specified
Main Bearing Cap - Cap Screw 5/8 - 11 12 Point - Grade 8 97 (130)

5/8 - 18 123 (167)
Connecting Rod Cap - Cap Screw 12 Point - Grade 8
3/4 - 16 215 (295)
Torsional Vibration Detuner - Cap Screw 3/4 - 16 12 Point - Grade 8 215 (295)
Crosshead Pin Thru Bolt - Lock Nut 7/16 - 20 Hex - Nylon Insert 39 (54)
Frame to Spacer Bar - Cap Screw 3/4 - 16 12 Point - Grade 8 160 (215)
Crosshead Guide to Frame - Cap Screw 5/8 - 11 12 Point - Grade 8 97 (130)
Crosshead Guide to Cylinder - Cap Screw 5/8 - 11 12 Point - Grade 8 97 (130)
1/2 - 13 48 (65)
Crosshead Guide to Cylinder
9/16 - 12 Hex Nut 70 (95)
or Cylinder Mounting Flange
5/8 - 11 97 (130)
5/8 - 11 Hex - Grade 9 90 (120)
Crosshead Guide to Support - Cap Screw
3/4 - 10 12 Point - Grade 8 160 (215)
Cylinder Mounting Flange to Forged Steel Cylinder 1" - 14 12 Point - Grade 8 485 (660)
Eccentric Vernier Cap - Cap Screw 5/16 - 18 Hex - Grade 8 Hand Wrench Tight
Idler Sprocket Thru Bolt - Lock Nut 1/2 - 20 Hex - Prevailing 41 (55)
Rod Packing - Cap Screw b 5/8 - 11 12 Point - Grade 8 70 (95)
#10 - 24 Hex 20 lb x in. (2.3)
Packing Tie Rod - Nut
1/4 - 20 Hex 72 lb x in. (8.1)
Piston Nut c 1-1/4 - 12 Ariel Design 700 (950)
Crosshead Nut 1-3/8 - 12 Ariel Design Slugging Method
3/8 - 16 193 lb x in. (22)
7/16 - 14 26 (35)
1/2 - 13 40 (54)
5/8 -11 79 (105)
Cap Screw d Hex - Grade 8 or 9
• Valve Cap 5/8 - 18 92 (125)
or
• Cylinder Head 3/4 - 10 140 (190)
12 Point - Grade
• Gas Passage 3/4 - 16 160 (215)
• Unloader B7M or 8
7/8 - 9 230 (310)
7/8 - 14 260 (350)
1” - 8 345 (465)
1" - 14 395 (535)
Unloader Actuator to Valve Cap - Cap Screw 1/2 - 13 Hex - Grade 8 48 (65)
Piston Rod Oil Slinger Bolt - Lock Nut 1/4 - 28 Hex Jam-Prevailing 95 lb x in. (11)
Frame Foot & Crosshead Guide Foot
7/8 - 9 Hex Nut 280 (380) e
Hold Down Nut
Rupture Disk - Blow-Out Fitting Cap 1/4 Nom. Tube Hex - Tube Fitting 40 lb x in. (4.5)
Page A-4 of 5 REV: 3/17A

For models JGR:J Appendix A - Ariel Fasteners and Torques
Nominal Size, Torque

Fastener Type LB x FT (N·m), unless
Inch - tpi specified
1/2 - 13 Hex - Grade 8 or 9 44 (60)

Tandem Cylinder to Cylinder - Cap Screw d
5/8 - 11 or 88 (120)
3/4 - 10 12 Point - Grade 8 160 (215)
Flywheel to Hub (JGJ/6) 1" - 14 12 Point - Grade 8 530 (715)
Fanshaft to Crankshaft (JGJ) 3/8 - 24 12 Point - Grade 8 25 (34)
3/8 - 16 107 lb x in. (12)
7/16 - 14 172 lb x in. (19)
Seating Studs in Cylinder 1/2 - 13 22 (30)
9/16 - 12 Dog Point 32 (43)
NOTE: In valve cap assemblies with a spring ener- 5/8 - 11 Grade 8 or 17-4PH 44 (60)
gized seal, install longer studs
with Loctite 242. 3/4 - 10 79 (105)
7/8 - 9 130 (175)
1” - 8 200 (270)
Distribution Block Tie Rod - Nut 1/4 - 28 Hex 68 lb x in. (7.7)
Distribution Block Divider Valve - Screw 1/4 - 28 Socket Head 75 lb x in. (8.5)
Force Feed Lube Box - Bearing Housing 1-3/8 - 20 LH Bearing Housing 70 (95)
Force Feed Lube Box - Jam Nut 1" - 14 Hex 75 (100)
Force Feed Lube Pump Mounting 1/4 - 20 Hex - Grade 5 50 lb x in (5.6)
f
Auto Relief Valve 1/2 Ariel Design 75 lb x in (8.5)
#10 - 24 Ariel Design 50 lb x in (5.6)
Auto Relief Valve Manifold Plug
1/4 NPT Hex Hand Wrench Tight
Grade 5 - Hex Cap Screw All Hex - Grade 5 Hand Wrench Tight
Valve Cap Assembly - Cap Nut 7/8 - 14 Cap Nut Hand Wrench Tight
Valve Cap Seal Keeper - Cap Screw 5/16 - 18 12 Point - 17-4PH 120 lb x in. (14)
1/2 - 13 12 Point 40 (54)
Ariel Supplied Companion Flange Except
5/8 - 11 Grade 8 or 17-4PH 79 (105)
"Peanut" Dual Nozzle
1/2 - 13 Hex Nut 40 (54)
a. Torque opposing pairs of fasteners incrementally until all reach full torque.
b. Repeat final torque for rod packing bolts until they no longer turn before the torque wrench clicks.
c. Tighten, loosen, then re-tighten to ensure proper torque.
d. For studs specified for cylinder applications, tighten nuts to the same torque as cap screws in similar applications.
e. Minimum torque to stress recommended 7/8 - 9 TPI hold-down stud to 55,000 psi (380 MPa). Use studs with an ulti-
mate strength of 100,000 psi (690 MPa) or greater. If greater, increase torque stress to about 55% of ultimate
strength, as specified by packager.
f. "1/2" indicates the wrench size. Auto relief valve can swivel in the manifold once torqued. See assembly drawing.

Appendix B - Clearances
TABLE B-1 JGR:J Frame and Running Gear Clearances, in. (mm)
Description Clearance
Crankshaft Dust Seal (Feeler Gauge - Centered) 0.008 to 0.010 (0.20 to 0.25)
Crankshaft Thrust (End) 0.0085 to 0.019 (0.215 to 0.48)
Crankshaft Journal Bearing (Jack) 0.001 to 0.004 (0.025 to 0.10)
Crankshaft Pin to Connecting Rod Bearing (Jack) 0.002 to 0.005 (0.05 to 0.125)
Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) 0.010 to 0.021 (0.254 to 0.533)
Connecting Rod Bushing to Crosshead Pin
0.0015 to 0.0035 (0.038 to 0.089)
Crosshead Bushing to Crosshead Pin - JGJ/JGR
Crosshead (Bronze) to Crosshead Pin
0.0015 to 0.0028 (0.038 to 0.71)
Crosshead (Gray Iron) to Crosshead Pin - JGW
Crosshead (Babbitted Ductile Iron) to Guide - JGJ/JGR (Feeler Gauge) 0.0060 to 0.0095 (0.152 to 0.241)
Crosshead (Babbitted Bronze) to Guide (Feeler Gauge) 0.0080 to 0.0115 (0.203 to 0.292)
Crosshead (Gray Iron) to Guide - JGW (Feeler Gauge) 0.0090 to 0.0125 (0.229 to 0.318)
TABLE B-2 JGR:J Piston End Clearances, in. (mm)a, b
Description Clearance
Total Piston End Clearance - Double Acting 0.110 to 0.170 (2.79 to 4.32)
Piston End Clearance - Crank End - Double Acting 0.040 (1.02)
Piston End Clearance - Head End - Double Acting 0.070 to 0.130 (1.78 to 3.30)
Total Piston End Clearance - Tandem 0.200 to 0.260 (5.08 to 6.60)
Piston End Clearance - Crank End Tandem 0.040 (1.02)
Piston End Clearance - Head End Tandem 0.160 to 0.220 (4.06 to 5.59)
a. Measured clearances may not agree due to oil films, wear, etc. Do not use plastigages, solder, etc.
b. If total piston end clearance (crank end + head end) is not within table tolerance, contact Packager or Ariel.
REV: 3/17A Page B-1 of 8

Appendix B - Clearances For models JGR:J
TABLE B-3 New Uncut Packing Ring Side Clear-

ance, in. (mm), (BTUU/CUU/BTU/CU/STU) TABLE B-4 New Pressure Breaker and Segmented
Packing Ring Side Clearance, in. (mm),
(BTR/CR/BD/BT/TR/P/UP/P1U)
Actual Groove Width Side Clearance
0.572 to 0.574 0.023 to 0.028 Actual Groove Width Side Clearance
(14.53 to 14.58) (0.58 to 0.71)
0.375 to 0.377 0.011 to 0.015
0.625 to 0.627 0.025 to 0.030 (9.52 to 9.58) (0.28 to 0.38)
(15.88 to 15.93) (0.64 to 0.76)
0.447 to 0.449 0.013 to 0.017
0.750 to 0.752 0.030 to 0.035 (11.35 to 11.40) (0.33 to 0.43)
(19.05 to 19.10) (0.76 to 0.89)
0.572 to 0.574 0.023 to 0.028
(14.53 to 14.58) (0.58 to 0.71)
0.625 to 0.627 0.025 to 0.030
(15.88 to 15.93) (0.64 to 0.76)
TABLE B-5 New Wiper Ring Side Clearance, in.

(mm) TABLE B-6 Piston/Rider Ring Side Clearance, in.
(mm)
Wiper Ring Type Side Clearance

Actual Groove Width Side Clearance
0.004 to 0.006
2RWS, 2RUG 0.188 to 0.190 (4.78 to 4.83)
(0.010 to 0.015)
0.250 to 0.252 (6.35 to 6.40)
0.006 to 0.009
3RWS, 3RUG 0.312 to 0.314 (7.92 to 7.98)
(0.15 to 0.23)
0.008 to 0.013
RTV 0.000 0.375 to 0.377 (9.52 to 9.58)
(0.20 to 0.33)
0.500 to 0.502 (12.70 to 12.76)
0.625 to 0.627 (15.88 to 15.93)
0.750 to 0.752 (19.05 to 19.10)
TABLE B-7 Piston Ring Side Clearances, in. (mm)
Actual Groove Width PTFE PEEK

0.188 to 0.190 (4.78 to 4.83) 0.003 to 0.008 (0.09 to 0.21) 0.002 to 0.007 (0.05 to 0.17)
0.250 to 0.252 (6.35 to 6.40) 0.005 to 0.010 (0.11 to 0.24) 0.003 to 0.008 (0.06 to 0.19)
0.312 to 0.314 (7.92 to 7.98) 0.006 to 0.011 (0.14 to 0.27) 0.003 to 0.008 (0.08 to 0.21)
0.375 to 0.377 (9.53 to 9.58) 0.007 to 0.012 (0.17 to 0.30) 0.004 to 0.009 (0.10 to 0.22)
0.438 to 0.440 (11.13 to 11.18) 0.008 to 0.013 (0.20 to 0.33) 0.004 to 0.009 (0.11 to 0.24)
0.500 to 0.502 (12.70 to 12.75) 0.009 to 0.014 (0.23 to 0.36) 0.005 to 0.010 (0.13 to 0.25)
0.563 to 0.565 (14.30 to 14.35) 0.010 to 0.015 (0.26 to 0.38) 0.006 to 0.011 (0.14 to 0.27)
0.625 to 0.627 (15.88 to 15.93) 0.011 to 0.016 (0.29 to 0.41) 0.006 to 0.011 (0.16 to 0.29)
0.688 to 0.690 (17.48 to 17.53) 0.012 to 0.017 (0.31 to 0.44) 0.007 to 0.012 (0.17 to 0.30)
0.750 to 0.752 (19.05 to 19.10) 0.014 to 0.019 (0.34 to 0.47) 0.008 to 0.013 (0.19 to 0.32)
Page B-2 of 8 REV: 3/17A

For models JGR:J Appendix B - Clearances
TABLE B-8 Wearband Side Clearances, in. (mm)
Actual Groove Width PTFE PEEK

0.500 to 0.502 (12.70 to 12.75) 0.006 to 0.011 (0.15 to 0.28) 0.004 to 0.009 (0.09 to 0.22)
0.750 to 0.752 (19.05 to 19.10) 0.009 to 0.014 (0.23 to 0.36) 0.005 to 0.010 (0.13 to 0.26)
0.875 to 0.877 (22.23 to 22.28) 0.011 to 0.016 (0.27 to 0.39) 0.006 to 0.011 (0.16 to 0.28)
1.000 to 1.002 (25.40 to 25.45) 0.012 to 0.017 (0.30 to 0.43) 0.007 to 0.012 (0.18 to 0.30)
1.250 to 1.252 (31.75 to 31.80) 0.015 to 0.020 (0.38 to 0.51) 0.009 to 0.014 (0.22 to 0.35)
1.375 to 1.377 (34.93 to 34.98) 0.017 to 0.022 (0.42 to 0.55) 0.010 to 0.015 (0.24 to 0.37)
1.500 to 1.502 (38.10 to 38.15) 0.018 to 0.023 (0.46 to 0.58) 0.011 to 0.016 (0.27 to 0.39)
1.625 to 1.627 (41.28 to 41.33) 0.020 to 0.025 (0.50 to 0.62) 0.011 to 0.016 (0.29 to 0.42)
1.750 to 1.752 (44.45 to 44.50) 0.021 to 0.026 (0.53 to 0.66) 0.012 to 0.017 (0.31 to 0.44)
1.875 to 1.877 (47.63 to 47.68) 0.023 to 0.028 (0.57 to 0.70) 0.013 to 0.018 (0.33 to 0.46)
2.000 to 2.002 (50.80 to 50.85) 0.024 to 0.029 (0.61 to 0.74) 0.014 to 0.019 (0.36 to 0.48)

TABLE B-9 W and R Cylinder Piston to Bore Clearance and Piston Ring End Gap, in. (mm)
Piston to Bore Diametral PISTON RING END GAP (PTFE) a

Bore Diameter
Clearance New Maximum
1.75 (44)
Uses wearbands, see TABLE B-11.
2 (51)
3.625 (92) 0.044 to 0.068 (1.12 to 1.73) 0.204 (5.18)
3.875 (98) 0.046 to 0.070 (1.17 to 1.78) 0.210 (5.33)
0.010 to 0.015 (0.25 to 0.38)
4.125 (105) 0.049 to 0.073 (1.24 to 1.85) 0.219 (5.56)
4.25 (108) 0.051 to 0.075 (1.30 to 1.91) 0.225 (5.72)
4.625 (117) 0.012 to 0.017 (0.30 to 0.43) 0.056 to 0.080 (1.42 to 2.03) 0.240 (6.19)
4.75 (121) 0.012 to 0.018 (0.30 to 0.46) 0.057 to 0.081 (1.45 to 2.06) 0.243 (6.17)
5.125 (130) 0.012 to 0.017 (0.30 to 0.43) 0.061 to 0.085 (1.55 to 2.16) 0.255 (6.48)
5.5 (140) 0.066 to 0.090 (1.68 to 2.29) 0.270 (6.86)
0.013 to 0.018 (0.33 to 0.46)
6 (152) 0.072 to 0.112 (1.83 to 2.84) 0.336 (8.53)
6.375 (162) 0.014 to 0.019 (0.36 to 0.48) 0.077 to 0.117 (1.96 to 2.97) 0.351 (8.92)
7 (178) 0.015 to 0.020 (0.38 to 0.51) 0.084 to 0.124 (2.13 to 3.15) 0.372 (9.45)
7.125 (181) 0.015 to 0.021 (0.38 to 0.53) 0.085 to 0.125 (2.16 to 3.18) 0.375 (9.53)
7.375 (187) 0.015 to 0.020 (0.38 to 0.51) 0.089 to 0.129 (2.26 to 3.28) 0.387 (9.83)
7.5 (191) 0.015 to 0.021 (0.38 to 0.53) 0.089 to 0.129 (2.26 to 3.28) 0.387 (9.83)
8 (203) 0.016 to 0.022 (0.41 to 0.56) 0.096 to 0.136 (2.45 to 3.45) 0.408 (10.36)
8.375 (213) 0.101 to 0.141 (2.57 to 3.58) 0.423 (10.74)
0.017 to 0.023 (0.43 to 0.58)
8.5 (216) 0.102 to 0.142 (2.59 to 3.61) 0.426 (10.82)
8.875 (225) 0.018 to 0.023 (0.46 to 0.58) 0.107 to 0.147 (2.72 to 3.73) 0.441 (11.20)
9.25 (235) 0.019 to 0.025 (0.48 to 0.64) 0.111 to 0.151 (2.82 to 3.84) 0.453 (11.51)
9.75 (248) 0.020 to 0.026 (0.51 to 0.66) 0.117 to 0.157 (2.97 to 3.99) 0.471 (11.96)
10.375 (264) 0.022 to 0.026 (0.56 to 0.66) 0.124 to 0.164 (3.15 to 4.17) 0.492 (12.50)
11 (279) 0.022 to 0.028 (0.56 to 0.71) 0.131 to 0.179 (3.33 to 4.55) 0.537 (13.64)
11.5 (292) 0.023 to 0.029 (0.58 to 0.74) 0.138 to 0.186 (3.51 to 4.72) 0.558 (14.17)
13 (330) 0.026 to 0.032 (0.66 to 0.81) 0.156 to 0.204 (3.96 to 5.18) 0.612 (15.54)
a. A piston/rider ring is optional for all W and R Class cylinders, but standard for R Class cylinders with diameters of
13.5 to 19.5 inches (343 to 495).

TABLE B-10 W, R, and J Cylinder Piston to Bore Clearance and Piston/Rider Ring End Gap, in. (mm)
Piston to Bore Diametral PISTON RING END GAP (PTFE)

Bore Diameter
Clearance New Maximum
1.75 (44)
Uses wearbands, see TABLE B-11.
2 (51)
3.625 (92) 0.044 to 0.060 (1.12 to 1.52) 0.180 (4.57)
3.875 (98) 0.045 to 0.061 (1.14 to 1.55) 0.183 (4.65)
4.125 (105) 0.049 to 0.065 (1.24 to 1.65) 0.195 (4.95)
4.25 (108) 0.050 to 0.066 (1.27 to 1.68) 0.198 (5.03)
4.625 (117) 0.056 to 0.072 (1.42 to 1.83) 0.216 (5.49)
4.75 (121) 0.057 to 0.073 (1.45 to 1.85) 0.219 (5.56)
5.125 (130) 0.062 to 0.078 (1.57 to 1.98) 0.234 (5.94)
5.5 (140) 0.068 to 0.084 (1.73 to 2.13) 0.252 (6.40)
6 (152) 0.074 to 0.090 (1.88 to 2.29) 0.270 (6.86)
6.125 (156) 0.069 to 0.099 (1.75 to 2.51) 0.297 (7.54)
6.375 (162) 0.073 to 0.103 (1.85 to 2.62) 0.309 (7.85)
6.5 (165) 0.074 to 0.104 (1.88 to 2.64) 0.312 (7.92)
7 (178) 0.091 to 0.121 (2.31 to 3.07) 0.363 (9.22)
7.125 (181) 0.083 to 0.113 (2.11 to 2.87) 0.339 (8.61)
7.375 (187) 0.097 to 0.127 (2.46 to 3.23) 0.381 (9.68)
7.5 (191) 0.088 to 0.118 (2.24 to 3.00) 0.354 (8.99)
8 (203) 0.090 to 0.096 0.106 to 0.136 (2.69 to 3.45) 0.408 (10.36)
8.375 (213) (2.29 to 2.44) 0.112 to 0.142 (2.84 to 3.61) 0.426 (10.82)
8.5 (216) 0.114 to 0.144 (2.90 to 3.66) 0.432 (10.97)
8.875 (225) 0.120 to 0.150 (3.05 to 3.81) 0.450 (11.43)
9.25 (235) 0.125 to 0.155 (3.18 to 3.94) 0.465 (11.81)
9.75 (248) 0.133 to 0.163 (3.38 to 4.14) 0.489 (12.42)
10.375 (264) 0.142 to 0.172 (3.61 to 4.37) 0.516 (13.11)
10.5 (267) 0.144 to 0.174 (3.66 to 4.42) 0.522 (13.26)
11 (279) 0.152 to 0.182 (3.86 to 4.62) 0.546 (13.87)
11.5 (292) 0.160 to 0.190 (4.06 to 4.83) 0.570 (14.48)
13 (330) 0.182 to 0.212 (4.62 to 5.38) 0.636 (16.15)
13.5 (343) 0.190 to 0.220 (4.83 to 5.59) 0.660 (16.76)
15.25 (378) 0.216 to 0.246 (5.49 to 6.25) 0.738 (18.75)
15.75 (400) 0.224 to 0.254 (5.69 to 6.45) 0.762 (19.35)
16.75 (425) 0.239 to 0.269 (6.07 to 6.83) 0.807 (20.50)
17.25 (438) 0.247 to 0.277 (6.27 to 7.04) 0.831 (21.12)
19 (483) 0.273 to 0.303 (6.93 to 7.70) 0.909 (23.09)
19.5 (495) 0.281 to 0.311 (7.14 to 7.90) 0.933 (23.70)

TABLE B-11 RJ and HJ Cylinder Clearance Specifications, in. (mm)
PISTON TO BORE PISTON RING END GAP (PTFE) a WEAR BAND - NEW
Bore Diametral Minimum Radial
New Maximum
Diameter Clearance End Gap Projection
1.75 (44) 0.030 to 0.037 0.025 to 0.035 (0.64 to 0.89) 0.105 (2.67) 0.058 (1.47) 0.0075 to 0.0145
2 (51) (0.76 to 0.94) 0.028 to 0.038 (0.71 to 0.97) 0.114 (2.90) 0.065 (1.65) (0.19 to 0.37)
3.625 (92) 0.069 to 0.077 0.044 to 0.068 (1.12 to 1.73) 0.204 (5.18) 0.116 (2.95)
3.875 (98) (1.75 to 1.96) 0.047 to 0.071 (1.19 to 1.80) 0.213 (5.41) 0.124 (3.15)
4.25 (108) 0.070 to 0.078 0.051 to 0.075 (1.30 to 1.91) 0.225 (5.72) 0.136 (3.45) 0.023 to 0.031
4.625 (117) (1.78 to 1.98) 0.056 to 0.080 (1.42 to 2.03) 0.240 (6.10) 0.148 (3.76) (0.58 to 0.79)
5.125 (130) 0.073 to 0.081 0.061 to 0.085 (1.55 to 2.16) 0.255 (6.48) 0.164 (4.17)
5.5 (140) (1.85 to 2.06) 0.065 to 0.089 (1.65 to 2.26) 0.267 (6.78) 0.176 (4.47)
6 (152) 0.079 to 0.087 0.072 to 0.112 (1.83 to 2.84) 0.336 (8.53) 0.192 (4.88) 0.025 to 0.033
6.375 (162) (2.01 to 2.21) 0.077 to 0.117 (1.96 to 2.97) 0.351 (8.92) 0.204(5.18) (0.64 to 0.84)
7 (178) 0.085 to 0.093 0.084 to 0.124 (2.13 to 3.15) 0.372 (9.45) 0.224 (5.69) 0.028 to 0.036
7.375 (187) (2.16 to 2.36) 0.089 to 0.129 (2.26 to 3.28) 0.387 (9.83) 0.236 (5.99) (0.71 to 0.91)
8 (203) 0.090 to 0.099 0.096 to 0.136 (2.44 to 3.45) 0.408 (10.36) 0.256 (6.50) 0.030 to 0.038
8.375 (213) (2.29 to 2.51) 0.101 to 0.141 (2.57 to 3.58) 0.423 (10.74) 0.268 (6.81) (0.76 to 0.97)
9.25 (235) 0.094 to 0.103 0.111 to 0.151 (2.82 to 3.84) 0.453 (11.51) 0.296 (7.52) 0.032 to 0.040
9.75 (248) (2.39 to 2.62) 0.117 to 0.157 (2.97 to 3.99) 0.471 (11.96) 0.312 (7.92) (0.81 to 1.02)
0.097 to 0.106
10.375 (264) 0.124 to 0.164 (3.15 to 4.17) 0.492 (12.50) 0.332 (8.43)
(2.46 to 2.69) 0.032 to 0.042
11 (279) 0.100 to 0.109 0.131 to 0.179 (3.33 to 4.55) 0.537 (13.64) 0.352 (8.94) (0.81 to 1.07)
11.5 (292) (2.54 to 2.77) 0.138 to 0.186 (3.51 to 4.72) 0.558 (14.17) 0.368 (9.35)
13 (330) 0.108 to 0.117 0.155 to 0.203 (3.94 to 5.16) 0.609 (15.47) 0.415 (10.54) 0.034 to 0.044
13.5 (343) (2.74 to 2.97) 0.162 to 0.210 (4.11 to 5.33) 0.630 (16.00) 0.431 (10.95) (0.86 to 1.12)
15.25 (387) 0.115 to 0.126 0.183 to 0.231 (4.65 to 5.87) 0.693 (17.60) 0.488 (12.40) 0.036 to 0.046
15.75 (400) (2.92 to 3.20) 0.189 to 0.237 (4.80 to 6.02) 0.711 (18.06) 0.504 (12.80) (0.91 to 1.17)
16.75 (425) 0.123 to 0.134 0.201 to 0.251 (5.11 to 6.38) 0.753 (19.13) 0.536 (13.61) 0.038 to 0.048
17.25 (438) (3.12 to 3.40) 0.207 to 0.259 (5.26 to 6.58) 0.777 (19.74) 0.552 (14.02) (0.97 to 1.22)
19 (483) 0.131 to 0.142 0.228 to 0.292 (5.79 to 7.42) 0.876 (22.25) 0.607 (15.42) 0.037 to 0.049
19.5 (495) (3.33 to 3.61) 0.234 to 0.298 (5.94 to 7.57) 0.894 (22.71) 0.623 (15.82) (0.94 to 1.24)
a. A piston/rider ring is optional for all W and R Class cylinders, but standard for R Class cylinders with diameters of
13.5 to 19.5 inches (343 to 495).

Measuring Head End Clearance for Forged Steel

Tandem Cylinders with Concentric Valves
CAUTION: Completely vent compressor to relieve ALL gas pressure and remove coup-
ling spacer prior to removing access covers for compressor internal maintenance. For
electric drive motors, lock out the breaker. Failure to follow these steps can result in ser-
ious personal injury or death.
1. Set crank end piston clearance to the proper feeler gauge

specification stamped on the cylinder data plate or printed
in the Ariel Technical manual.
2. With head end components removed, position the piston
for the desired cylinder at outer dead center. Position a dial
indicator to index off of the crosshead or crosshead nut
outer face, with the cylinder near to outer dead center.
Manually turn crankshaft to find the 0.010 inch (0.25 mm)
position, before and after outer dead center. Then turn
crankshaft to position piston at outer dead center (see pic-
ture to the right).
3. Dimension A: Measure from cylinder head end to piston
head end to the nearest thousandth inch and record. See
illustration on the following page.
4. Dimension B: With gasket removed, measure from head
end cylinder face to the gasket seat and record.
5. Dimension C: Use 0.055 inch
(1.40 mm) for nominal 0.060 inch
(1.52 mm) thick steel gasket and
record.
6. Calculate Head End
Clearance:
A - B + C = Head End
Clearance
A _______________
- B _______________
+ C 0.055 (1.40 mm)
= _______________
7. Compare calculated head end piston clearance to clearance tolerances stamped on the cylinder
data plate or printed in the Ariel Technical manual. If tolerances are unavailable or if calculated
clearance is outside tolerance, contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding.

8. Measure head end piston clearance prior to new start up, as required by recommended main-
tenance intervals in Section 3, or after installation, removal, or replacement of any one of the
following:
• Crankshaft • Crosshead Guide • Either Tandem Cylinder Body
• Connecting Rod • Piston and/or Piston Rod • Crosshead and/or Crosshead Nut
9. Re-assemble all components according to the Ariel Maintenance and Repair Manual supplied with
your compressor. Verify installation of all gaskets and manually bar over the compressor to confirm
the crankshaft rotates freely.

Appendix C - Frame Specifications
For more information, see the Ariel Performance Program. Rated speeds for non-lube and lubricated
process applications may vary.
TABLE C-1 JGR Frame Specifications
Specification JGR/2 JGR/4

Stroke, inches (mm) 4.25 (108)
a
Maximum Allowable Speed, RPM 1200
b
Minimum Speed, RPM 600
c
Piston Speed, FPM (m/s) To 850 (4.32)
Horsepower (kW) 430 (321) 860 (641)
Maximum Length, in. (m) 41 (1.04) 78 (1.98)
Maximum Overall Height, in. (m) 21 (0.53) to top of aluminum cover
See appropriate frame, guide, and
Maximum Width with Cylinders
cylinder outline drawings.
Height - Bottom to Crankshaft Centerline, in. (mm) 12 (305)
Approximate Weight with Cylinders See Ariel Performance Program.
Connecting Rod Centerline to Centerline, in. (mm) 10.250 (260)
Sump Capacity, US gallons (L) 6 (23) 15 (57)
d
Oil Pump Flow Rate, GPM (L/s) 6 (0.38) 12 (0.76)
Oil Heat Rejection, BTU/hr. (kW) 14,000 (4.1) 28,000 (8.2)
Piston Rod Diameter, in. (mm) 1.500 (38.1)
Internal Rod Load - Double Acting
Compression + Tension, lbf. (kN) 32,000 (142)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 16,000 (71)
Compression, lbf. (kN) 20,000 (89)
Internal Rod Load - Single Acting
a. Maximum Allowable Speed is the highest (potential) speed at which the frame design permits continuous oper-
ation. Compressor frame data plate "Frame Rated Speed (RPM)" is application specific, and may be lower than
Maximum Allowable Speed. Do not exceed the lower of frame rated speed, lowest cylinder rated (RPM), or driver
rated speed.
b. Minimum Speed is the lowest frame speed needed to provide adequate oil flow to the compressor bearings.
c. Average Piston Speed is based on Maximum Allowable Speed (RPM). The cylinder data-plate rated speed (RPM)
or frame rated speed may be less, resulting in a lower piston speed rating.
d. Flow rate at maximum rated speed and 180°F (82°C) oil.
REV: 3/17A Page C-1 of 3

Appendix C - Frame Specifications For models JGR:J
TABLE C-2 JGJ Frame Specifications
Specification JGJ/2 JGJ/4 JGJ/6

Stroke, in. (mm) 3.5 (89)
a
Maximum Allowable Speed, RPM 1800
b
Minimum Speed, RPM 900
c
Piston Speed, FPM (m/s) To 1050 (5.33)
Horsepower (kW) 620 (462) 1240 (925) 1860 (1387)
Maximum Length, in. (m) 41 (1.04) 78 (1.98) 108 (2.74)
Maximum Overall Height, in. (m) 21 (0.53) to top of aluminum cover
See appropriate frame, guide, and cylinder
Maximum Width with Cylinders
outline drawings.
Height - Bottom to Crankshaft Centerline in. (mm) 12 (305)
Approximate Weight with Cylinders See Ariel Performance Program.
Connecting Rod Centerline to Centerline, in. (mm) 10.250 (260)
Sump Capacity, US gallons (L) 6 (23) 15 (57) 24 (91)
d
Oil Pump Flow Rate, GPM (L/s) 10 (0.63) 18 (1.36) 28 (1.77)
Oil Heat Rejection, BTU/hr. (kW) 25,000 (7.33) 50,000 (14.7) 75,000 (22)
Piston Rod Diameter, in. (mm) 1.500 (38.10)
Internal Rod Load - Double Acting
Compression + Tension, lbf. (kN) 42,000 (187)
Compression, lbf. (kN) 23,000 (102)
Internal Rod Load - Single Acting
a. Maximum Allowable Speed is the highest (potential) speed at which the frame design permits continuous operation.
Compressor frame data plate "Frame Rated Speed (RPM)" is application specific, and may be lower than Maximum
Allowable Speed. Do not exceed the lower of frame rated speed, lowest cylinder rated (RPM), or driver rated speed.
b. Minimum Speed is the lowest frame speed needed to provide adequate oil flow to the compressor bearings.
c. Average Piston Speed is based on Maximum Allowable Speed (RPM). The cylinder data-plate rated speed (RPM)
or frame rated speed may be less, resulting in a lower piston speed rating.
d. Flow rate at maximum rated speed and 180°F (82°C) oil.
Page C-2 of 3 REV: 3/17A

For models JGR:J Appendix C - Frame Specifications
Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing

Ariel recommends a reciprocating weight differential between opposing throws of 1.0 pounds (0.45kg)
or less for JGR:J compressors.
To replace a connecting rod assembly, piston, piston and rod assembly, balance nuts, or crosshead,
weigh component parts on a scale calibrated to 0.1 pounds (0.05 kg) and compare to the Balancing
Record in the compressor Parts Book. If the weight changes, recalculate opposing throw reciprocating
weight differential. If not within recommended limits, the compressor may require new balance nuts
and/or crossheads.
To exchange opposing throw cylinder locations, exchange all reciprocating components to the opposite
throw, except the connecting rod assemblies. Check the Balancing Record and recalculate recip-
rocating weight differential, including the weight of the connecting rods. If not within recommended
limits, the compressor may require new crosshead balance nuts to reduce differential.
If unable to balance opposing throws within recommended limits, contact the packager or Ariel. When
applying or re-applying a different cylinder to a throw, recalculate opposing throw reciprocating weight
differential; new balance nuts and/or crossheads may be required. The force feed oil distribution system
may also need resized. Contact the packager or the Ariel Response Center for detailed information
about recommended reciprocating weight differential between opposing throws.
TABLE C-3 JGR:J Approximate Component Weights, Lbs (Kg)
Component Weight Component Weight
Main/Connecting Rod Bearing 1 (.5) Connecting Rod 40 (18)a

Top Cover 2-Throw 30 (14) Crosshead Guide 220 (100)
Top Cover 4-Throw 66 (30) Crosshead See Notea
Top Cover 6-Throw 98 (44) Crosshead Pin 9 (4)
Spacer Bar 6 (3) Lube Oil Pump 2-Throw 16 (7)
End Cover Drive End 35 (16) Lube Oil Pump 4-Throw 36 (16)
End Cover Auxiliary End 55 (25) Lube Oil Pump 6-Throw 36 (16)
Crankshaft 2-Throwb 220 (100) Frame Assembly w/o Cylinders
Crankshaft 4-Throwb 440 (200) VVCP See Ariel
Performance
Crankshaft 6-Throwb 610 (277) Cylinder Assembly Program.
Main Journal Caps 14 (6) Piston & Rod Assemblya
a. For exact weights, see Balancing Record sheet provided by Ariel in the Parts Book for each compressor.
b. Crankshaft weight is without flywheel or vibration detuners.
REV: 3/17A Page C-3 of 3

Appendix D - Compressor Clearance, Oil,
& Temperature Record
SERIAL NO. F-_______________________ MODEL _____________Date __________________
CRANKSHAFT THRUST (END) CLEARANCE, In. (mm)

Crankshaft Serial Number Thrust Clearance, In. (mm)
CONNECTING ROD THRUST (SIDE) CLEARANCE, In. (mm)

Throw 1 Throw 2 Throw 3 Throw 4 Throw 5 Throw 6
JACK CLEARANCES, In. (mm)

Throw # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Main Bearing
Conn. Rod
Bearing
After new bearing installation, if measured clearances exceed tolerances in Appendix B , contact your packager or
Ariel before proceeding.
OIL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

Filter Inlet Filter Outlet Oil Temp.
Date Time RPM Oil Pressure Oil Pressure into Frame Remarks
psig (barg) psig (barg) °F (°C)
BEARING CAP TEMPERATURE, °F (°C), AFTER RUN TIME OF:

3 Minutes Idle Speed
Additional 3-5 Minutes Additional 10-15 Minutes
(engine, VFD)
Throw Full Speed Full Speed
1 Minute (single speed motor)
No Gas Load Gas Load
No Gas Load
Main Rod Main Rod Main Rod
1
2
3
4
5
6
REV: 3/17A Page D-1 of 1

Appendix E - Balance Valve Log
TABLE E-1 Balance Valve Maintenance Log
Pressure Gauge Div. Block Pressure Balance Valve Div. Block Cycle
Date Time Notes
Description Min. Max. Set Pressure Time (Seconds)
REV: 3/17A Page E-1 of 1

Appendix F - ER-34.1
Cleaning, Handling, and Assembly Lubricants for
Non-Lubricated Compressor Cylinders
Cleaning and handling are critical to prevent premature wear and failure of non-metallic rings and pack-
ings in non-lube compressor cylinders. Proper cleaning and handling will virtually eliminate oil and anti-
seize compounds from the cylinder interior, piston rod assembly, valve and packing case areas. In non-
lubricated applications, the non-metallic rings and packings transfer some material to the metallic run-
ning surfaces. This transferred film provides a “lubricated” surface that enables the compressor to
function properly. The presence of oil degrades the transferred film, forming an abrasive paste that
quickly wears non-metallic elements during operation. Anti-seize compounds are oil based and also
contain abrasive metallic components that cause premature component wear.
This procedure applies to all non-lube compressor cylinders. Ariel cleans and protects complete non-
lube cylinders to non-lube service requirements before shipping. Follow the procedure below to clean
internal parts shipped loose, spare parts before installation, and contaminated surfaces during main-
tenance. This extends non-lube compressor component life, and ultimately, cylinder life.
CAUTION: Denatured alcohol presents health and safety hazards. Keep away from heat,
sparks, flame and all other ignition sources. Use adequate ventilation, neoprene or butyl
gloves, mono-goggles or face-mask, and impermeable apron. Contains methyl alcohol;
poisonous if ingested. Avoid eye and skin contact. Properly handle and dispose of mater-
ials resulting from clean-up. See manufacturer Material Safety Data Sheets for details.
NOTE: Clean all table surfaces and tools that will come in contact with the cylinder, cylinder
components, or piston components
1. Handle all cleaned parts with new or clean “rubber” gloves or new white cotton gloves. If gloves
become contaminated or dirty, dispose of them and use a new pair.
2. Clean cylinder interior surfaces thoroughly with denatured alcohol until a clean, alcohol soaked,
white paper towel or lint-free rag removes no more debris. This includes all surfaces of the bore,
counter bore, valve pockets, suction and discharge gas passages, nozzles, etc.
3. Lubricate the threads, bolt head, and stat-o-seal of the cylinder nozzle lube bolt with very small
amounts of Never-Seez, regular grade, and ensure all mating surfaces are coated.
4. Use a small amount of Loctite 577 Pipe Sealant on male threads when installing pipe plugs.
5. Very lightly oil bolt threads and head seating surfaces for valve cap, head, and packing case mount-
ing bolts, but prevent oil penetration into the cylinder interior.
6. Thoroughly clean piston, collar, rod, and nut with denatured alcohol until a clean, alcohol soaked
paper towel or lint-free rag removes no more debris. Clean piston ring grooves and wear band
grooves especially well. Clean piston rings and wear bands with denatured alcohol before assem-
bling.
7. When assembling piston to rod, use very small amounts of Never-Seez, Regular Grade on the nut
and collar, and ensure all mating surfaces are covered. Do not lube threads for the piston rod ten-
sioner. Clean threads of hydraulic tensioner and all other tensioner surfaces that will contact the
piston. Use very small amounts of Never-Seez, Regular Grade on piston nut set screws. After
assembly, thoroughly wipe off all Never-Seez from the piston rod assembly exterior in the collar and
nut areas with denatured alcohol until a clean, alcohol soaked, white paper towel or lint-free rag
removes no more debris.
REV: 3/17A Page F-1 of 2

Appendix F - ER-34.1 For models JGR:J
8. The manufacturer should provide packing cases cleaned, preserved, and suitable for non-lube ser-
vice. Inspect packing cases for cleanliness. If they appear coated with an oil-based preservative,
disassemble and clean them with denatured alcohol, then reassemble. If disassembly is required for
water-cooled packing cases, re-assemble and test to Ariel Engineering Reference ER-51. Contact
Ariel for latest version of ER-51.
9. Wipe down piston rod with denatured alcohol after rod installation.
10. Clean VVCP or FVCP components with denatured alcohol. Separate the unloader head from the
adapter/actuator. Clean all internal surfaces with denatured alcohol including behind the unloader
piston. Do not remove VVCP unloader stem seal. Clean piston ring with denatured alcohol. Do not
use anti-seize compounds or oil on the steel head gaskets. Use a very thin film of oil when installing
O-rings.
11. Clean crank-end head, head-end head, and steel head gaskets with denatured alcohol. Do not use
anti-seize compounds or oil on the steel head gaskets. If the crank-end head uses an O-ring seal,
apply a very thin film of oil to the lead-in chamfer of the cylinder seating surface to help prevent shear-
ing of the O-ring.
12. The manufacturer should provide compressor valves cleaned, preserved, and suitable for non-lube
service. Inspect valves for cleanliness. If they appear coated with an oil-based preservative, dis-
assemble and clean them with denatured alcohol, then reassemble. If they appear clean, they
require no additional cleaning provided they are sealed in their original packaging and have not
been contaminated.
13. Clean valve caps, retainers, high clearance assemblies, and steel valve gaskets with denatured alco-
hol. Use only a very thin film of oil for valve cap O-rings. Do not use anti-seize compounds or oil on
steel valve gaskets.
14. Assemble cleaned parts immediately. If cylinder will not see immediate service, see Ariel Engin-
eering Reference ER-34 for preservation instructions. Contact Ariel for latest version of ER-34.
CAUTION: Do not use Ariel non-lube compressor cylinders for oxygen service.
Page F-2 of 2 REV: 3/17A

Appendix G - ER-26
Hold-down Bolting to Resist Shaking Forces and
Couples
Requirements
1. To use the torques in the tables, the ultimate strength (Su) of the stud material must equal or
exceed 100,000 psi (690 MPa); higher strength stud material is preferred. In all cases, torque the
nuts to stress the stud to about 55% of the ultimate strength of the stud material. Torques shown in
tables are based on 100,000 psi ultimate strength material for imperial sizes and 830 MPa ultimate
strength material for metric sizes. Higher strength materials require higher torques than shown in
the tables. Material strength and torque are directly proportional. Example: for 120,000 psi (830
MPa) ultimate strength Imperial bolting: 120,000 ÷ 100,000 = 1.2 x min. torque for Imperial size
from table = required torque for given nut size. To use a different stud diameter, consult Ariel for
feasibility and torque.
2. Compressor frame foot hold-down studs and crosshead guide support foot hold-down studs should
be as long as possible. Ariel recommends a minimum 12 to 1 length to diameter ratio.
NOTE: Bolting long enough to reach only through the compressor foot and a deck plate
or flange of an I-beam can loosen if not provided with engineered devices to maintain
bolt pre-load.
3. Tighten nuts as recommended above TABLE G-1 Crosshead Guide to Support Bolt Torques
to maintain fastener pre-load during Bolting Size Bolting Torque
operation. Ariel also recommends Compressor Model
inch--TPI lb-ft (N•m)
rolled threads and hardened spher-
JGR:J 3/4--10 160 (215)
ical washers for hold down bolting to
help compensate for fastener to
frame bolt surface angular misalignment.
4. Use grade 8 or 9 bolting to hold crosshead guides to supports.
5. Re-preserve any fasteners subject to corrosion after installation.
6. Follow lubrication guidelines and recommended procedures for torque accuracy in Appendix A .
TABLE G-2 Crosshead Guide Support Foot Hold-down Bolting - Minimum Torques a
Imperial Size (basis 100,000 psi) Metric Size (Class 8.8) b
Compressor Recommended Minimum Nut Minimum Nut
Model Hole Diameter Stud Size c
Stud Size Torque d Torque d
inch (mm) mm x pitch
inch--TPI lb-ft (N•m) lb-ft (N•m)
M22x2.5 340 (460)
JGR:J 1 (25) 7/8--9 280 (380)
M20x2.5 250 (340)
a. See #1, "Requirements".
b. Ultimate Strength: 830 MPa (120,000 psi); Yield Strength: 660 MPa (95,700 psi).
c. Where two sizes appear, the first is the preferred size, and the second is an alternate size.
d. For a stud pitch other than those listed above in the same nominal diameter size, use this formula to determine
required torque: Torque = (TABLE G-2 fastener torque) x (target fastener root area ÷ TABLE G-2 fastener root area).
REV: 3/17A Page G-1 of 2

Appendix G - ER-26 For models JGR:J
TABLE G-3 Frame Foot Hold-down Bolting - Minimum Torques a
Imperial Size (basis 100,000 psi) Metric Size (Class 8.8) b
Compressor Recommended Minimum Nut Minimum Nut
Model Hole Diameter Stud Size c
Stud Size Torque d Torque d
inch (mm) mm x pitch
inch--TPI lb-ft (N•m) lb-ft (N•m)
M22x2.5 340 (460)
JGR:J 1 (25) 7/8--9 280 (380)
M20x2.5 250 (340)
a. See #1, "Requirements".
b. Ultimate Strength: 830 MPa (120,000 psi); Yield Strength: 660 MPa (95,700 psi).
c. Where two sizes appear, the first is the preferred size, and the second is an alternate size.
d. For a stud pitch other than those listed above in the same nominal diameter size, use this formula to determine
required torque: Torque = (TABLE G-3 fastener torque) x (target fastener root area ÷ TABLE G-3 fastener root area).
Page G-2 of 2 REV: 3/17A

Appendix H - ER-82
Soft Foot and Top Plane Flatness Checks for
Proper Main Bearing Bore Alignment in Recip-
rocating Compressors
Main bearing bore alignment is critical to main bearing and crankshaft life. Ariel manufactures the top
cover mounting surface of a compressor frame in close tolerance to a flat plane, to the main bearing
bores, and to the bottom of the compressor feet. The main bearing bores align when frame feet are sup-
ported so the top cover mounting surface is flat and "in plane". Perform a soft foot check and top plane
flatness measurement at these times:
• Setting of a new compressor (pre and post grouting) • Discovery of loose hold down fasteners
• Commission of a compressor in the field • Performance of recommended scheduled
• Reinstallation of a compressor maintenance inspection every 6 months or
4000 hours
• Relocation of a package
With new unit installations, Ariel recommends checking and recording initial top plane flatness before
shimming the guide feet and after initial rough coupling alignment. On compressors shipped dis-
assembled, perform the initial check before guide and cylinder assembly installation. Shim or otherwise
adjust the height to bring the top cover mounting surface within the specified plane tolerance. Record
subsequent readings after complete guide and cylinder installation, and again after any vessel install-
ation and shimming. Re-adjust height if guide, cylinder, and/or vessel installation results in frame top rail
measurements out of TABLE H-1 tolerances.
For JGR:J frames, the soft foot check is required; the top plane flatness measurement is optional.
Soft Foot Check

1. Properly install and torque compressor frame hold down bolting.
2. Loosen each hold down bolt individually while checking the frame foot to skid deflection with a cal-
ibrated dial indicator. If there are two bolts on a foot, loosen both for this check.
3. Correct any hold down position that deflects more than 0.002 inches (0.05 mm) when released. Re-
torque the hold down bolt or bolts and repeat on each frame foot. See Appendix G for proper frame
foot and crosshead guide bolt size and torques.
Top Plane Flatness Check

1. Remove or reposition the top cover(s) and gasket(s) to expose the frame top cover mounting sur-
face. Verify it is clean.
2. Use measurement equipment with a published TABLE H-1 Top Plane Flatness Tolerances
accuracy of ±0.001 inches (0.025 mm) over the Tolerance
distance required to measure the entire length of Compressor Frame Inch (mm)
both frame rails. Measure the top surface of both
JGR:J/2 0.004 (0.10)
sides of the frame rails at each anchor bolt (see
FIGURE H-1), or between each pair of anchor JGR/4, JGJ/4/6 0.006 (0.15)
bolts for frames with pairs of anchor bolts (see
FIGURE H-2). Readings between any two adjacent points must be within 0.002 in. (0.05 mm). For
proper alignment, total accumulated out of plane flatness must be within TABLE H-1 tolerances.
REV: 3/17A Page H-1 of 2

Appendix H - ER-82 For models JGR:J
NOTE: If the unit will not be restarted immediately, re-preserve the unit in a manner
appropriate to the time duration until restart.
FIGURE H-1 Flatness Check Locations for Frames with Single Anchor Bolts
FIGURE H-2 Flatness Check Locations for Frames with Pairs of Anchor Bolts
Page H-2 of 2 REV: 3/17A

Maintenance and Repair Manual: For JGR:J Heavy Duty Balanced Opposed Reciprocating Compressors

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Maintenance

Added Revision History Page.

20170082 - 3-15-17: APPENDIX B- Clearances (ER-96.3.3) - Table 3: Title - "BTUU/CUU/BTU/CU/STU" was

Oil Strainer 3-13

Valve Cap Installation 4-10

REV: 3/17A iii

Oil Slinger Replacement 4-36

SECTION 6- COMPRESSOR TROUBLESHOOTING

Throw and Data Plate Locations

1. VVCP Dimension Plate 5. Rotation Direction Plate 9. Compressor Data Plate

Other Ariel Resources

Ariel Technical and Service Schools

Ariel Contact Information

REV: 3/17A vii

FIGURE 1-1 Optional Furnished Tools

Ariel Separately Purchased Tools

FIGURE 1-2 Ariel Separately

REV: 3/17A Page 1-1 of 3

Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits

Page 1-2 of 3 REV: 3/17A

REV: 3/17A Page 1-3 of 3

REV: 3/17A Page 2-1 of 13

TABLE 2-1 Required Instrumentation Summary

INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

Page 2-2 of 13 REV: 3/17A

INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

REV: 3/17A Page 2-3 of 13

Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT)

Page 2-4 of 13 REV: 3/17A

5. The LED on the DNFT indicates each

REV: 3/17A Page 2-5 of 13

Page 2-6 of 13 REV: 3/17A

CAUTION: Program DNFT before installing it on a

REV: 3/17A Page 2-7 of 13

DNFT Battery Replacement

CAUTION: Do not open a DNFT in an explosive

1. Shut down compressor. 1. Magnet Housing 7. 1/2" Pipe Plug

Page 2-8 of 13 REV: 3/17A

REV: 3/17A Page 2-9 of 13

Proximity Switch A-18255

Proximity Switch Installation

Page 2-10 of 13 REV: 3/17A

5. Connect an ohm meter across the two

8. Make all conduit and connections appro-

REV: 3/17A Page 2-11 of 13

Troubleshooting Proximity Switches

Page 2-12 of 13 REV: 3/17A

Main Bearing Temperature Alarms and Shutdown

Thermocouples - J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel)

Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD’s)

REV: 3/17A Page 2-13 of 13

REV: 3/17A Page 3-1 of 30

TABLE 3-1 Thermal

Page 3-2 of 30 REV: 3/17A

11. Check for unusual noises or vibrations.

REV: 3/17A Page 3-3 of 30

Six-Month (4,000-Hour) Maintenance

Page 3-4 of 30 REV: 3/17A

One-Year (8,000-Hour) Maintenance