American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM)

ISSN- 2379-106X, www.aijbm.com Volume 3, Issue 12 (December 2020), PP 01-07

The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of

Employees Civil Servants In Medan
Kiki Ferida Ferine1, M. Isa Indrawan2, Yohny Anwar3,
Hasrul Azwar Hsb4, Sri Indri Yanti5
Magister Manajemen, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: Kiki Ferida Ferin

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study analyzes the influence of leadership style, organizational behavior,
Conflict, work ethic on the achievements, and Performance of employees in Medan. Data is collected through
research questionnaires. The study data sample was taken as many as 180 pieces, all employees in Medan. Data
analysis models in this study using structural equation modeling (SEM). Leadership research results have a
significant effect on the Performance of the Organization's behavioral work, directly affecting work
performance. Work conflicts have a significant direct impact on work performance. Work ethic has a significant
immediate effect on work performance. Leadership has an insignificant direct effect on employee performance.
Organizational behavior has a significant direct impact on employee performance. Employment conflicts have a
negligible impact on employee performance. Work ethic has a significant immediate impact on employee
performance. Work performance has an insignificant effect on employee performance.

KEYWORDS: organizational behavior, work ethic, work Conflict, achievement, Performance,

I. INTRODUCTION
Achieving established organizational goals needs to be a leadership style. According to Kartono
(2003:55), "Leadership style is a pattern of behavior designed to integrate organizational goals with individual
goals to achieve a specific goal." According to Gitosudarmo (2000:65), the theory of behavior emphasizes two
leadership styles: duty-oriented leadership and employee orientation. Mangkunegara (2001:51) the work
performance of an employee is the work of an employee during a specific period compared to various
possibilities, such as standards, targets, or targets or pre-determined criteria that have been mutually agreed
upon. As'ad (2000:72) states that work performance results from a person's ability to achieve according to the
measure applicable to the work in question.
The problem that needs to be solved immediately is the low quality of human resources in Medan
employees. This issue occurs in addition to leadership issues and closely related to organizational behavior,
Work Conflict, and Work Ethic to Work Performance and Employee Performance. Organizational behavior is
critical in a corporate activity because everyone has Employee performance is a tool to assess/measure
achievements/achievements concerning the tasks imposed on him, in the book Marwansyah (2010:188).
Performance assessments, to measure Performance fairly and objectively based on these employment
requirements, effectively obtain compensation instead of poor Performance. Employee performance is said to be
high if employees can make fair use of working time, mistakes are rare. Meanwhile, employee performance can
be said to be low if attendance rates are low. Working time is not maximal, and performance improvement is
required to develop a conducive work environment, in this case, performance allowance.

Table 1. Employee Performance Assessment List

No. Unit 2016 2017 2018 Jumlah
1. Sangat Puas (A) 20 23 23 66
2. Puas (B) 113 105 110 328
3. Sedang (C) 72 75 70 217
4. Kurang Puas (D) 40 46 41 127
5. Tidak Puas (E) 35 31 36 102
Total 280 280 280 840
Source: Observasi, 2020

The data in the table shows that employee performance has not shown optimal Performance; this can
be seen as there are still employees who have moderate Performance and low Performance. This, of course,
raises questions for performance measurement researchers in Medan that need to be reviewed To be more

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 The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of Employees Civil Servants In Medan

optimal for employee performance. There are still employees who feel dissatisfied even dissatisfied, among
them in the indicator Results of work there are 12 who are not satisfied and 5 to be disappointed, for the
indicator of job knowledge there are 11 who are less happy and 12 to be dissatisfied and 12 to dissatisfied, to
hands of discipline there are nine who are disappointed and seven who are not satisfied.

II. HEADINGS
1. Leadership
Fahmi (2012:60), leadership is directing, influencing, and supervising others to perform tasks following
the planned orders. Sedarmayanti (2011:20), leadership is the process of influencing group activities toward
goal setting and goal achievement (leadership is a process of controlling group activities to formulate and
achieve goals). Based on the theory, it can be explained that the increase in Employee's job satisfaction in an
organization cannot be released from the role of the leader in the Organization, as well as the number (quantity)
of work (workload) that if given proportionally will result in the feeling of satisfaction from the Employee in the
book which then becomes the primary key or plays an important and strategic role in the survival of a company.
Leadership style is a pattern of behavior demonstrated by the leader in influencing others or Employees. Values
can influence these behavior patterns, assumptions, perceptions, expectations, and attitudes within the leader
(Ardana et al., 2011: 181, in Satyavati et al., 2014). Research on the relationship of leadership style to job
satisfaction refers to study conducted by Fitriansyah et al. (2013); Purnomo et al. (2011); Pradifta et al. (2014)
that transformational and transactional leadership styles have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction,
and this research was shown in simanungkalit study, et al., (2013); Louisiana Lomanto et al., (2012); leadership
style negatively and significantly affects job satisfaction.

2. Organizational Behavior
There is some understanding from some experts regarding the Organization. According to Mc. Farland,
quoted by Handayaningrat (1981:42), states the definition of Organization is as follows: "An organization is a
group of known human beings who contribute their efforts towards achieving a goal." While according to
Dimock, quoted by Handayaningrat (1981:42) states the definition of the Organization as follows: "The
organization is a systematic combination of interdependence or related parts to form a unified unity through
authority, coordination and supervision to achieve the stated goals." As for the understanding of the
Organization, according to Weber quoted by Thomas, in his book "Organizational Behavior of Basic Concepts
and Applications" (2014:113) that "Organization is a particular limitation (boundaries). Thus a person who
conducts interactions with others is not of his own volim. certain rules limit them".

3. Work Conflicts
Conflict is a condition in which there are differences. Differences will always exist because every
Employee has diverse desires, goals, and knowledge. Differences in people such as gender, economy, social
strata, religion, tribe, the legal system, nation, the purpose of life, culture, political flow, and belief are the cause
of Conflict (Wirawan, 2010:1). Mangkunegara (2000:155) argues that Conflict is a difference arising from what
is expected to be devoured by himself and others with the reality of what to expect. Many forms of Conflict can
occur within the Organization. According to Kusnadi (2003:69), conflicts can be clarified into several types of
disputes to make it easier to identify them. According to Wahyudi and Akdon (2005:96), Conflict has a positive
(functional) impact and the possibility of negative (dysfunctional) influences.

4. Work Ethic
According to Geertz (in Kumorotomo 2014:389), defining ethos is "a fundamental attitude towards the
self and the world emitted alive." Ethos is an evaluative aspect that is assessed. Thus, the question in the sense
of ethos is the possible sources of the motivation of a person is doing, whether work is considered a necessity
for life, whether the work is tied to self-identity or (in the influence of work ethic and work environment on
work performance (Arsad) 137 empirical sphere), whether that is the driving source of participation in
development. Ethos is also the foundation of an idea, mind, or mind that will determine the action system. Then
Anoraga (2009:26) defines the work ethic as a nation's view and attitude towards work. If individuals in the
community view work as a sublime thing for human existence, then its work ethic will be high. On the contrary,
attitudes and opinions towards work as something of low value to life, then the Work Ethic will below.
Furthermore, Sinamo (2005:151) says that the work ethic is a set of positive behaviors rooted in fundamental
beliefs accompanied by a total commitment to an integral work paradigm. According to him, if a person, an
organization, or a community adheres to the paradigm of working, trusting, and committing to that paradigm of
work, all of it will give birth to their distinctive work attitudes and behaviors. That's what's going to be the Work
Ethic and the culture.

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 The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of Employees Civil Servants In Medan

5. Work Performance
Work performance is a management method to make a fair and honest analysis of employee value for
the Organization (Manulang (2001). Version is termed as work performance, which is the process of evaluating
the Organization or assessing employees' Performance (Handoko, 2002). Work performance is defined as the
record of outcome produced on a specified job function or activity during a specified period.

6. Employee Performance
According to Mangkunegara (2013), "performance results from work in quality and quantity achieved
by an employee in carrying out his duties by the responsibilities given to him." According to Riani (2011),
"performance is the result of a person as a whole during a certain period in carrying out tasks, such as work
standards, targets or targets or criteria that have been pre-determined and mutually agreed upon." According to
Riani (2011), "performance assessments also always assume that Employees understand what their performance
standards are, and provide employees with the feedback, development, and incentives necessary to help the
person concerned eliminate poor performance or continue good performance." According to Mangkunegara
(2013), "the Employee will be able to achieve maximum Performance if he has a high-achieving motive. The
motive of excellence that needs to be possessed if by employees must be grown from within themselves other
than the work environment". According to Sinambela (2012), "to improve optimum Performance needs to be
applied a clear standard, which can be a reference for all employees. Employee performance will be created if
the Employee can carry out his responsibilities properly". According to Mangkunegara (2013), "Factors that
affect performance achievement are ability factor and motivation factor.

III. INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS

The influence between latent conciliations is divided based on the complexity of variable relationships, namely:
1. Direct effects
Direct influence is derived from the output value of an utterly standardized solution
A. Direct influence of leadership on employee work loyalty
Y1 = f (X1)
Y1 = a + b1X1 + e
B. Direct influence of leadership on employee performance
Y2 = f (X1)
Y2 = a + b1X1 + e
c. Direct influence of organizational behavior on employees' work performance
Y1 = f (X2)
Y1 = a + b1X2 + e
d. Direct influence of organizational behavior on employee performance
Y2 = f (X2)
Y2 = a + b1X2 + e
E. Direct influence of work conflicts on employees' work performance
Y1 = f (X3)
Y1 = a + b1X3 + e
F. Direct effect of work conflicts on employee performance
Y2 = f (X3)
Y2 = a + b1X3 + e
G. Direct effect of work performance on employee performance
Y1 = f (Y2)
Y1 = a + b1Y2 + e
2. Indirect effects
An indirect influence is the multiplication of all the direct forces passed (exogenous variables to endogenous
variables).
A. The indirect influence of leadership on employees' work performance through work performance.
Y2 = f (X1Y1)
Y2 = a*b1X1*b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X1 →Y1*Y1→Y2
B. The indirect influence of organizational behavior on employees' work performance through work
performance.
Y2 = f (X2Y1)
Y2 = a*b1X2*b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X2→Y1*Y1→Y2
c. Indirect influence of work conflicts on employees' work performance through work performance.

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 The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of Employees Civil Servants In Medan

Y2 = f (X3Y1)
Y2 = a*b1X3*b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X3→Y1*Y1→Y2
3. Total effects
Total influence is the summation of direct impact and indirect influence
A. The total influence of leadership on employees' work performance through work performance.
Y2 = f (X1Y1)
Y2 = a + b1X1 + b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X1→Y1 + Y1→Y2
B. The total influence of organizational behavior on employees' work performance through work
performance.
Y2 = f (X2Y1)
Y2 = a + b1X2 + b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X2→Y1 + Y1→Y2
c. The total influence of work conflicts on employees' work performance through work performance.
Y2 = f (X3Y1)
Y2 = a + b1X3 + b2Y1 + e
Y2 = X3→Y1 + Y1→Y2

IV. FIGURES AND TABLES

To ensure a high-quality product, diagrams and lettering MUST be either computer-drafted or drawn using
Indian ink.
Structural models are relationships between latent variables (variables that cannot be measured directly
and require multiple indicators to count them) independent and dependent (Bollen, 1989). Research using
Structure Equation Modelling requires gradual testing, and one of the tests is the structural equation modeling
model that must meet the assumptions of fit. If the research model that has been established does not meet the
assumption of fit, then the model that has been submitted needs to be revised.
The need for revision of the research model that has been established due to the problem of
assumptions that are not met by the model when testing is carried out because when the issue of unmet
assumptions occurs, the research model shows that the research model cannot produce a unique estimate in
predicting exogenous variables against its endogenous variables. Thus the model needs to be revised by
developing existing theories to form a new model.
Analysis of data processing results on Goodness of fit Model Structure Equation Modelling must comply with
the Goodness of fit model structure equation modeling testing standards, which can be seen as in the following
table:

Tabel 2. Cut of Value Goodness of fit Index

No The Goodness of Cut of Value
appropriate Index
1 Chi-Square ≤ Chi Square-tabel pada sig. 5% (0.05)
2 Probabilitas >0,05
3 RMSEA <0,08
4 TLI >0.90
5 CFI >0.90
Source: Haryono et all, 2017

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 The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of Employees Civil Servants In Medan

Figure 1: Model Structure Equation Modelling

Source: Observation (2020)

Table 3. The Goodness of fit Index

No The Goodness of Cut of Value Hasil Kesimpulan
appropriate Index pengujian
1 Chi Square ≤ Chi Square-tabel pada 1425,146 Fit
sig. 5% (0.05)
(1448,970)
2 Probabilitas >0,05 0,114 Fit
3 RMSEA <0,08 0.016 Fit
4 TLI >0.90 0,981 Fit
5 CFI >0.90 0,982 Fit
Source: Observation (2020)

The value of Chi Square-count is 1425,146. When compared to the chi square-table value with a
free degree (pdf) of 1362 of 1448,970, it is concluded that the Chi Square-count<Chi Square-table
(1425,146<1448,970) so it is supposed that the Goodness of fit Index test on the value side of Chi-Square
is known that the model is appropriate. Suppose the proper Index test's Goodness uses a known probability
level that the test probability value is 0.114. In that case, the amount is more significant than 0.05
(p>0.05), so it can be concluded that the Goodness of fit Index test on the side of the probability value is
known that the model is appropriate. If the Goodness of the appropriate Index test using the RMSEA value
is known that the RMSEA value is 0.016. When compared to the Cut of Value RMSEA (0.08), it is known
that the amount of RMSEA is smaller than the Cut of Value value of RMSEA (0.016<0.080), so it can be

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 The determinant of Work Performance and Performance of Employees Civil Servants In Medan

concluded that the Goodness of fit Index test on the RMSEA value side is known that the model is
appropriate.

Tabel 4: Standardized Estimate

Estimate
Prestasi_Kerja <--- Konflik_Kerja -0,216
Prestasi_Kerja <--- Etos_Kerja 0,165
Prestasi_Kerja <--- Perilaku_Organisasi 0,189
Prestasi_Kerja <--- Kepemimpinan 0,242
Kinerja <--- Kepemimpinan 0,018
Kinerja <--- Perilaku_Organisasi 0,746
Kinerja <--- Konflik_Kerja -0,103
Kinerja <--- Etos_Kerja 0,241
Kinerja <--- Prestasi_Kerja -0,038
Sumber: Data Primer Diolah, 2020

Based on the data can be established a model of structural equation modeling equation, this
research can be presented as follows:
Work Performance = 0.242X1 + 0.189X2 - 0.216X3 + 0.165X4
Performance = 0.018X1 + 0.746X2 - 0.103X3 + 0.241X4 – 0.038Y1
The Goodness of fit Index testing using the TLI level is known that the TLI value is 0.981. The value is
greater than 0.90 (p>0.90), so it can be concluded that the Goodness of fit Index test on the TLI value side
is known to be a fit model. The Goodness of fit Index testing using CFI level is known that the CFI value
is 0.982. The value is smaller than 0.90 (p>0.90), so it can be concluded that the Goodness of fit Index test
on the CFI value side is known to fit the model. Once all assumptions can be fulfilled, further hypothesis
testing will be performed, as proposed in the previous chapter. Before testing this hypothesis, it was first
presented the size of the common estimation value or the direct effect of exogenous variables on their
endogenous variables. Standard estimation results can be found in the following table:

V. CONCLUSION
If so, then it is reasonable for every leadership level in Medan to provide a formality to each
subordinate. Because their work achievements can be driven by leadership style, they sample directly from their
superiors, both at the head of the section, the head of the section, the head of the field, and the head of the office
itself. A good example given by the leadership for his leadership style will have a good impact on each
Employee working in this study's Medan results. This shows that the Organization's behavior has a significant
effect on work performance. The amount of leadership affecting work performance was 0.189. This means that
any change in a certain unit's organizational behavior will increase work performance by 0.189 or equal to
18.9%. The results of this study provide information that when the Organization's behavior reflects good
conditions and is conducive to work, it will encourage the predation of individual employees' work to reach its
peak.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to the Directorate of Research and Community Service, The Ministry of Research and Technology of
Indonesia, which provides research funds for master's thesis grants.

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*Corresponding Author: Kiki Ferida Ferin

Magister Manajemen, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia

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