Understanding Culture, Society and Politics: First Quarter - Module 1

Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY
Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
First Quarter – Module 1
Author: Alfredo E. Ladesma
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City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
MODULE 1
Lesson: 1 THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY,
SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Source: Wikimedia Commons retrieved from

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Core_Value.JPG
What I Need to Know
Filipinos are known around the world to be respectful. Pagmamano is an

"honoring-gesture" used in Filipino culture performed as a sign of respect to elders
and as a way of requesting a blessing from the elder. Did you know that it has a
similar custom from its neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and
Brunei? It is called salim, a normal gesture done in a traditional Islamic society to
respect the ulama (religious elite/scholars). Meaning to say, it traces its origin back
before the beginning of the colonial rule. It is customary to offer a seat to the elderly
especially in a public transport in most people in Southeast Asia as a sign of courtesy
and respect.
Did you ever think how different does the life of our ancestors then to the
present? How come pagmamano, a pre-colonial custom, is still practiced up to the
present times? These are some of the questions that are being asked in studying the
field of Anthropology. In this module, you will be able to discover the nature, goals,
and perspective of anthropology.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
MELC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/ of Anthropology,
Sociology and Politics Science;
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the key concepts, nature, goals and perspective of
Lesson 1: Anthropology
Lesson 2: Sociology
Lesson 3: Political Science
2. appreciate the value of Anthropology, sociology, and political science through
understanding cultural elements of Philippines from other country and
drawing activity; and
3. write an essay on how Anthropology, Sociology and Political science
interrelated to each other in relation to the “new normal”.
What I Know?
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answer on the space provided before each number. ________1. It is
the scientific study of human life and culture.
A. Anthropology B. Political Science C. Sociology D. Topography ________2. It
refers to the ways of life learned and shared by people in social groups. A. Customs B.
Culture C. Norms D. Values ________3. A branch of anthropology that focuses on the
content and variation of particular cultures.
A. Archaeology C. Political Anthropology
B. Biological Anthropology D. Sociocultural Anthropology ________4. One of the
three key concepts of Anthropology that refer to human development which may take
millions of years as a way to adapt to certain environmental changes is called
__________.
A. culture B. evolution C. society d. trend
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________5. Another branch on anthropology that deals with the material remain of the
past and present cultural systems.
A. Archaeology C. Political Anthropology
B. Biological Anthropology D. Sociocultural Anthropology
What’s In?
In your Grades 7 and 8 Araling
Panlipunan, you
have learned the Asian and World History. You
have
encountered various civilizations – their glory
and fall
and their contribution to the present. You
found out
that most of the ancient civilizations sprung
near the
riverbanks or any bodies of water. Why do you
think
so? Do you think it has something to do in
sustaining
their living? Analysis of these questions will give us a
better understanding of how ancient civilizations live
their life has something to do with Anthropology, the
study of all aspects of human life and culture.
Anthropology examines such topics as how people how they interact with their environments.
live, what they think, what they produce, and Figure 1.1 Ancient Filipino civilization Source: Wikimedia Commons
retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
The person who studies Anthropology is called Anthropologist. They try to

understand the full range of human diversity as well as what all people share in
common. They also ask such basic questions as to when, where, and how humans
evolve to become what they are. How do people adapt to different environments most
likely to have societies developed and changed from the ancient past to the present?
Answers to these questions can help us understand what it means to be human. They
can also help us to learn ways to meet the present-day needs of people all over the
world and to plan how we might live in the future. For example, anthropologists found
out that before the time of colonial rule, our ancestors already practicing commerce
known as the barter trade. In this instance, goods and products are not only the
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things being traded. Their customs and lifestyles were also passed from one person to
another. Filipinos love pancit, a Chinese delicacy that is always present on special
occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries, etc. During the Spanish occupation, the
indigenous noodle dish was essentially the nation’s first “takeout food,” with
panciteros (Chinese food hawkers who sold pancit) catering to the cigar factories’
working women who had little time for housework or cooking.
What’s New?
LET’S HAVE AN ACTIVITY!
Directions: Identify the cultural elements of the Philippines and the USA then find a
person in your home and share your answers with each other.
CULTURE PHILIPPINES USA
Language
Religion
Food
Musical Instrument
Dance
Song
Holiday and Ceremony
Costume
Sport
What is It?
In the previous activity, you have learned the differences in the culture of two
different countries, the Philippines and USA. If you will notice these countries lie on
the different hemispheres of the globe. The Philippines is found in the eastern/oriental
side on one hand and the USA on the western side. Despite this fact, you will observe
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that there is a commonality. It emphasizes the idea of Anthropology in the context of
conqueror-conquered relations concomitant with the west’s conquest of the non
western world. This conqueror-conquered relationship made possible the practical and
analytic separation between, on the one hand, America and Asia as objects of
investigation, and on the other hand, western anthropologists as the investigating
subjects (Bennagen, 1980).
What’s More
NATURE OF ANTHROPOLOGY
The term Anthropology originates from two Greek terms, anthropos which mean
“man/humankind” and logos meaning “study”. Much of the focus of anthropology is
based on three key concepts: society, culture, and evolution. Together, these concepts
constitute the primary ways in which anthropologists describe, explain, and
understand human life as illustrated in the figure below.
ANTHROPOLOGY
SOCIETY CULTURE EVOLUTION

EEEEE
Society – which consist of people who interact in a definite territory and share a
culture, is the largest and most complex group that sociologist’s study. Sociologist -
an expert in or student of the development, structure, and functioning of human
society
Culture - refers to the ways of life learned and shared by people in social groups.
Culture differs from the simpler, inborn types of thinking and behavior that govern the
lives of many animals. The people in human society generally share common cultural
patterns.
Evolution – evolution, in a broadest sense, explains that what we see today is
different from what existed in the past. Humans have changed little biologically for the
past 100,000 years. On the other hand, today’s worldwide culture, characterized by
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the rapid movement of people and ideas throughout the world, is only a few hundred
years old.
INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Draw a picture of public transportation means in Philippine society across
different eras to depict the technological, cultural, and social change in every society.
19TH CENTURY 20TH CENTURY 21ST CENTURY

(1801-1900) (1901-2000) (2001-present)
Process Questions
1. What does this transportation means look like in physical features?
2. How fast are these transportation means?
3. How many people can fit in transportation means in three different eras?
Q1 Do you still encounter 19th – 21st century transportation means nowadays?
Why? Why not?
________________________________________________________________________
Q2 What significant change have you observed? Explain
________________________________________________________________________
GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology aimed to understand our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness
as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence across the world
and through time. In the fulfillment of these goals, anthropology is divided into three
subfields as illustrated below.
Figure 1.2 Three sub-fields of anthropology
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PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY
The key strength of anthropology as a discipline of social science is its holistic

approach to the study of humans. With the discipline’s engagement with the ordinary
and routine parts of human interaction, anthropology provides a degree of keenness to
its learner such that everyday things are contextualized and understood within the
frame of culture. This develops insight among students of anthropology.
What I Have Learned ?

Directions: Generalize what you have learned by answering the wheel of
learning. The thing
I know: I am
confused about
What I want to remember The thing that

surprised me
In one word/sentence, I learned
Assessment
I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement below is true. If the statement is FALSE,
underline the word/s or phrase that makes the statement incorrect. (1pt @)
____________1. The key strength of anthropology as a discipline of social science is its

holistic approach to the study of humans.
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____________2. Anthropology solely undertakes culture as its key concept, making
society and evolution as secondary idea to it.
____________3. The idea of Anthropology in the context of conqueror-conquered

relations concomitant with the west’s conquest of the non-western world.
____________4. Variation of particular culture is one of the thrusts of sociocultural

anthropology.
____________5. The people in a human society generally share common cultural

patterns.
II. ESSAY
Directions: Each person interacts meaningfully with one another as a member of

society. How are Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science interrelated with one
another by simply answering the question below. Answer the question with at least
3-5 sentences (5 pts.)
The COVID-19 pandemic made significant changes in the world we are living in.
As a student studying anthropology, sociology, and political science who used to the
traditional way of learning, how will you be able to cope up with the “new normal”
form of learning?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for checking the essay:

Criteria 3 2 1
Manner of In 3-5 In 3-5 In 3-5

answering sentences, the sentences, the sentences, the
student student student
answered the answered the answered the
question question directly, question
directly, but not indirectly, but
thoroughly and thoroughly and leading to the
coherently. coherently. closest answer.
Relevance N/A The specific The specific

concept is stated concept is stated
and but is not directly
directly connected to the
connected to answer.
the answer
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MODULE 1
Lesson 2: THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY
What I Need to Know
“A family that prays together stays together” is a very familiar quote which
implies how strong faith strengthens the family bond. We Filipinos are known for
being family-oriented. Most of the Filipino homes have their family photos of different
occasions such as birthdays, graduations, baptism, Christmas reunions, etc. The
1987 Philippine Constitution recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the
nation. For a civilization to succeed, the family must succeed. Building a strong family
life is an important task of families of all sizes and backgrounds. As a social
institution, human interaction is vital and inevitable to allow its members to achieve
needs or wishes they could not fulfill alone. This emphasizes the importance of
sociology as a discipline. In this module, you will be able to discover the nature, goals
and perspective of sociology.

Identify the key concepts, nature, goals and perspective of
Lesson 2: Sociology
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What I Know?
-
answer. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.
________1. It is the scientific study of human society and social interactions. A.

Anthropology B. Archaeology C. Sociology D. Topography
________2. It refers to the force that produces order and stability
A. Customs B. Laws C. Social dynamics D. Social statics
________3. As a scientific study, sociology is related to other sciences. Which of the
following does not belong to the group?
A. Economy B. Ecology C. History D. Political science ________4. It is a way of
seeing a society that can help us understand everyday events and make better choices
as individuals and as a group.
A. Social conflict C. Social imagination
B. Social contract D. Social stratification
________5. He is responsible for coining the term “sociology.”
A. Auguste Comte C. Herbert Spencer
B. Harriet Martineau D. Karl Marx
What’s In?
In the previous module, you have learned that anthropology is the study of all
aspects of human life and culture. For a civilization to succeed, the family must
succeed. This stressed the idea of the family as the fundamental unit of society. The
family has an important role in providing socialization and values for children and in
providing social and economic security as well. Being part of a family motivates
individuals, motivates us all, to work hard, sacrifice our well-being, and work for the
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City of Good Character DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
welfare of the family thus contributing to the nation’s wellness. As a
social and political animal, human interaction is inevitable to social function.
Sociology, as a discipline, tries to understand this idea.
What’s New?
Directions: With a special focus on the premise of political scenario that creates an
economic scenario and vice versa. Write the causes and consequences of social
change.
SOCIAL CHANGE
Causes Consequences
Technology Apps that make life easy
What is It?
In the previous activity, you have learned the causes and consequences of
social change. This refers to any significant alteration in behavior patterns and
cultural values and norms over time. By “significant” alteration, sociologists mean
changes yielding profound social consequences.
What’s More
NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY
The changes in our society are one of the few things that tried to be studied by
the field of sociology. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social
interactions. This body of knowledge is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from
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the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the
shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in
whole societies. Unifying the study of these diverse subjects is sociology’s purpose of
understanding how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by
surrounding cultural and social structures. Sociologists, people who study sociology,
emphasize the careful gathering and analysis of evidence about social life to develop
and enrich our understanding of key social processes.
Social Imagination
C. Wright Mills argues that a great number of our social experiences can
overwhelm us into inaction. He then offers a solution: a way of seeing a society
that can help us understand everyday events and make better choices as
individuals and as a group. He calls this the “sociological imagination,” a quality
of mind that enables the possessor to link personal with the social. In Mill’s
view, society—not people’s personal failings—is the main cause of social
problems (Macionis 2012: 7).
Figure 2.2 Social imagination
To illustrate how one can develop a sociological imagination, Mills distinguishes

between two kinds of situations that people find themselves in: “private troubles”
(personal problems) and “public issues” (social problems) as shown in the figure above.
He points out that there are indeed private troubles, but some of them also affect
many other people since they have large-scale causes.
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INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Cite three (3) personal problems you have encountered and complete the
table below.
Personal problem Are any of these Solution(s) to these

you have personal troubles also social problems
encountered social
problems? Why?
Q1. Why do you consider these as personal problems? Are these problems can be
considered as social problems? Why? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. How did you come up with these solutions? What thing/s have you considered?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY
Sociology and common sense
Many people mistakenly believe that sociology is the study of the obvious. They
claim that sociology is nothing but the application of common sense. But equating any
science with simple common sense could not be further from the truth! Common
sense is not always “common,” nor “sensible.” Common sense assumptions are
usually based on very limited observation. While sociological research might confirm
common sense observation, its broader base and theoretical rational provide a
stronger basis for conclusions.
Sociology as social science

When we say that sociology is a social science, it involves the application of the
scientific methods to study the human aspects of the world. An important goal is to
yield generalizations—general statements regarding trends among various dimensions
of social life.
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PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY
Sociology emerged as a separate discipline in the nineteenth century. This was

a time of great social turmoil due largely to the French and Industrial Revolutions.
Several early sociologists shaped the direction of the discipline
Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - Responsible for coining the term “sociology.” He set
out to develop the “science of man” that would be based on empirical observation. He
focused on two aspects of society:
• Social Statics - forces which produce order and stability
• Social Dynamics- forces which contribute to social change
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) – She authored one of the earliest analyses of culture
and life in the United States entitled Theory and Practice of Society in America. She is
also known for translating Comte’s Positive Philosophy into English.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) - Authored the first sociology text, Principles of

Sociology. He is most well-known for proposing a doctrine called “Social Darwinism.”
According to the theory, which was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
the weak were diminished and their cultures delimited while the strong grew in power
and cultural influence over the weak. Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in
society was a struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest.”
Karl Marx (1818-1883) – He is the father of the social conflict theory and analyzed
how the economic system of capitalism leads to conflict and inequality among different
groups in society. Moreover, he predicted that revolution would occur producing first a
socialist state, followed by a communist society. Saw human history in a continual
state of conflict between two major classes:
• Bourgeoisie - owners of the means of production (capitalists)
• Proletariat - the workers
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Directions: Answer the question below. (5 pts)
Last 2016, the Philippines hosted the 65th Miss Universe pageant at the Mall of
Asia Arena. Our representative, Ms. Maxine Medina, fell short for the crown and
made it in the top 10 of the prestigious competition. If you’re going to ask the same
question in the context of the social conditions we have in the Philippines, what will
be your answer?
“What is the most significant change you've seen in the world in the last 10 years?”
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Criteria 3 2 1


the answer.
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Assessment
III.WORD POOL
Directions: Identify what is being described. Write the letter of the best answer on the
space provided before each number. (1pt @)
e. Social
a. Sociologyc. Common
g. Auguste
Imaginati
Comte i. Karl Marx
sense
on
b. Herbert
d. Public
f. Harriet
h. Private
j. Social
Spencer
issues
Martineau
troubles
statics
____________1. It refers to personal challenges in life.

____________2. He is most well-known for proposing a doctrine called “Social
Darwinism.”
____________3. He predicted that revolution would occur producing first a socialist
state, followed by a communist society.
____________4. These are assumptions usually based on very limited observation.
____________5. It is the scientific study of human society and social interactions.
____________6. Responsible for coining the term “sociology.”
____________7. These are forces which produce order and stability.
____________8. Authored one of the earliest analyses of culture and life in the United
States entitled Theory and Practice of Society in America.
____________9. Challenges that may bring social changes.
___________10. A way of seeing a society that can help us understand everyday events
and make better choices as individuals and as a group
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MODULE 1
Lesson 3: THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL
SCIENCE
What I Need to Know

The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that man is by nature a political
animal. This is because of man’s capacity as a social creature with the power of
intelligence and the ability to voice out and to be heard. With this prowess,
disagreement is inevitable due to the diversity in perspective. Political situations arise
out of disagreement. In other words, the disagreement provides the basis for politics.
People have different opinions, viewpoints and make different judgments. They differ
from each other in such a variety of ways that it would be impossible to achieve
agreement about everything. People disagree how the limited resources which are
available to the society should be distributed. They also disagree about how such
matters should be resolved. How should collective decisions be made? Who should
have a say? How much influence should each person have? And so forth. These
questions are sought to answer by Political Science.

Identify the key concepts, nature, goals and perspective of
Lesson 3: Political Science
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What I Know?
answer. Write your answer on the space provided before each number. ________1. The
Italian philosopher coined the term “state.”
B. Aristotle C. Karl Marx
C. John Locke D. Niccolò Machiavelli
________2. The following are the elements of state EXCEPT
B.
C. government B. people C. politics D. sovereignty ________3. What sub discipline of
political science refers to the implementation of government policy and preparation of
civil servants for working in the public service? A. Comparative politics C. Public
administration
B. International relations D. Public law
________4. The Regalian doctrine is to the effect that all lands of the public domain
belong to the State, which covers the two important concepts ________ and __________.
D. Eminent domain & taxation C. Jus soli & jus sanguinis E. Imperium & dominium
D. Executive & legislative powers
________5. This pertains to the social institution which encompasses the state and
government as well as concepts of power and authority. What is it? A. Culture B.
Government C. Governance D. Politics
What’s In?
Politics refers to the social institution which encompasses the state and
government as well as concepts of power and authority. It is the means by which
individuals influence the government. The politics in the Philippines traces its history
since pre-Spanish era. In your previous years in Araling Panlipunan, you have learned
that the Philippines then was divided into numerous barangays (originated from
balangay, a kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated
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to the Philippines) of around 50 to 100 families. These barangays
warred, made peace, traded and had relations with each other. Islamic sultanates in
Mindanao such as the Sultanate of Sulu and Maguindanao prospered. Ferdinand
Magellan's death in 1521 can be partly attributed to a dispute between Lapu-Lapu
and Rajah Humabon for control of Cebu. The Kingdom of Maynila was trading with
China and other nearby empires when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered the
kingdom in 1565 and assimilated it with the other kingdoms he had conquered nearby
to unite the Philippines under Spanish rule.
Politics involves the production, allocation and use of decision-making powers
among large groups of individuals. In stable and strong states, political activities
usually refer to the powers of the state to govern. Decision-making of the past political
leaders shaped what system of politics we had today.
What’s New?
Directions: Complete the table by writing the significant contributions of the specified
administrations to the different sectors of the country. You may include landmark
laws and key programs initiated in their respective administrations.
SECTOR Estrada Arroyo Aquino Duterte

Administration Administration Administration administration
Education
Health
Agriculture
Finance
Environment
Labor and
Employment
Justice
Science
and
Technolog
y
Tourism
Transportation
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What is It?
In the previous activity, you found out that the different key programs of the
aforementioned administrations. If you carefully examine them, every administration
encountered disagreements. There’s no perfect government since it is an institution of
people. They have flaws and rooms for improvement. The scenarios in politics are
being studied in a formal discipline called Political Science. Political Science is the
systematic study of and reflection upon politics.
What’s More
NATURE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
It is also defined as an academic discipline that deals with the study of
government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors. As a body of
knowledge, Political Science is vast and is therefore divided into sub-disciplines.
1. Political Theory - is the part of Political Science that explores what a better
political world would look like and how we can create it. It also refers to the
entire body of doctrines obeyed and reflected in politics.
2. Public Administration -refers to the implementation of government policy and
preparation of civil servants for working in the public service.
3. Comparative Politics – as the name suggests, is a field in political science
characterized either by the use of the comparative method to explore politics
within (as opposed to between) countries.
4. International Relations – also known as International Studies is a sub discipline
of political science that deals with is the interconnectedness of politics,
economics and law on a global setup.
5. Public Law – refers to the process by which governments translate their political
vision into programs and actions to carry out results favorable to its
constituency.
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Directions: Decode the following terms below that are associated with the study of
political science. Write your answer in the space provided before each number.
______________1. EATTS - a community of persons more or less numerous,

permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their
own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom
from external control.
______________2.M U I E R I M P- the right of the State to pass or enact its own laws
and employ force to secure obedience thereto, maintain peace and order within its
territorial limits, defend State against foreign invasion, and do other act of government
over its people and territory.
______________3. M I U N I D O M - the independent proprietary right of possession,
use, conservation, disposition or sale and control by the State over its territorial lands.
GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

The study of politics is tantamount to the study government or more broadly, to
study the exercise of authority. According to Heywood (1997), politics is the art of
government, the exercise of control within the society through the making and
enforcement of collective decisions. The realm of politics is restricted to state actors
who are consciously motivated by ideological beliefs, and who seek to advance them
through membership of a formal organization such as a political organization. Certain
concepts such as state, imperium and dominium are needed to understand so that
you will have a basic idea of political science.
The modern term state is derived from the term “status”. The Italian
philosopher and writer Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) first used the term state in his
writings specifically in his important work “The Prince.” The state is the most
universal of all social institutions. It is as an entity of power and authority within a
given population and territory; have four elements: territory, population, government,
and sovereignty. From the abovementioned definition, it is clear that the following are
elements of the state.
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Another concept is the interchangeable terms imperium and dominium.
Imperium (Latin: “command,” “empire”), the supreme executive power in the Roman
state, involving both military and judicial authority while Dominium The word
“dominium” is derived from the Latin word “dominus” meaning “lord.” This pertains to
absolute ownership along with the right to possession and use. The owner is also
entitled with the right to retain the property or transfer the property at his/her
pleasure. These two concepts cover the Regalian doctrine stated in the Article XII of
1987 Philippine Constitution.
Let us take a look in one of the most
disputed cases in the Philippine history –
the claim to Sabah. Sabah (also known as
North Borneo) is a territory claimed by the
Philippines as an inherent territory from the
Sultanate of Sulu. Currently, it is under the
rule of the Malaysian government.

Figure 3.1 Sabah territory Source: Wikimedia Commons
retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sabah-Divisions.png
Q1. How do you treat the claim of the Philippines over Sabah?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Is it imperium or dominium? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
The institutions of the state (the apparatus of the government, the courts, the
police, the army, the society-security system and so forth) can be regarded as “public”
in the sense that they are responsible for the collective organization of the community
life. As a society, we always flourished when we lived together in communities. A
country is nothing but one huge community, and like every community, it must be
governed. Due to the diversity in cultural, ethnic, geographical and historical
backgrounds, government exists in varied forms. Here’s a rundown of the different
forms of government.
Fig
ure 3.2 Forms of government
PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political science is an essential body of knowledge because it is about people. It
doesn’t just concern only the government or any political group who is ruling a
particular state or country but every citizen. This is because politics impacts our lives,
both directly and indirectly, whether we’re aware of it or not. As stated by Digestible
Pol (2013), “to ignore politics and not get involved in politics would seem rather silly
considering that your life is dictated by it.”
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IV. ESSAY
Directions: in 3-5 sentences answer the question below. (5 pts. @) The West
Philippine Sea refers to the eastern parts of the South China Sea which are included
in the Philippine’s exclusive economic zone. The term was first used by our
government as early as 2011 as a symbolic gesture to the disputed China’s
sovereignty claim over the whole South China Sea based on its nine-dash line and
in support to the diplomatic protest filed by the former against the latter in the
Permanent Court of Arbitration. It is very clear that this area belongs to the
Philippines. How do current events post-arbitration affect the judgment laid down
by the Court? And its importance of understanding political science in this
instance?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Criteria 3 2 1


the answer.
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Assessment
V. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose the letter of your
answer. Write your answer on the space provided before each number. (1pt @)
____________1. This pertains to the activities associated with the governance of a
country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties
having or hoping to achieve power. What is it?
A. Culture B. Government C. Politics D. Sovereignty ____________2. What element of
state refers it’s to the supreme power or authority? A. government B. people C.
sovereignty D. territory ____________3. What do you call the independent proprietary
right of possession, use, conservation, disposition or sale and control by the State over
its territorial lands? A. Dominium B. Imperium C. Quo warranto D. Taxation
____________4. What subdiscipline of political science refers to the implementation of
government policy and preparation of civil servants for working in the public service?
C. Comparative politics C. Public administration
D. International relations D. Public law
____________5. It is the agency in which the will of the State is formulated, expressed
and carried out. What is it?
A. government B. people C. sovereignty D. territory

25
References
Department of Education (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Teaching
Guide.Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Teaching Guide.
Bennagen, P. L. (1980). “Asianization of Anthropology”. Asian Studies, 18: 1 –
26. Retrieved from:
Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia (2003). Intro to Anthro.
Anthropology. http://individual.utoronto.ca/boyd/anthro.htm
C 5.
C 4.
C 3.
Imperium 2.
State 1.
Independent Activity
A 5.
C 4.
A 3.
C 2.
D 1.
Assessment
D 5.
F 4.
C 3.
C 2.
D 1.
What I Know
Answer Key
Dominium 3. Imperium 2.
State 1.
Independent Activity A 5.
C 4.
A 3.
C 2.
D 1.
Assessment
D 5.
F 4.
C 3.
C 2.
D 1.
What I Know
Answer Key
B 2. Lesson 3
C 1. C 10.
What I Know G 9.
Lesson 2 H 8.
5. True A 5. J 7.
4. True B 4. D 6.
3. True D 3. A 5.
False, Primary 2. D 2. 1. True A 1. B 4.
Assessment What I know? Answer key E 3.
Lesson 1 F 2.
Dominium 3. I 1.
Assessment
26
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Alfredo E. Ladesma
Editors: Jossa Margaret Aloria Francisco
Internal Reviewer: Aaron S. Enano

Illustrator: Nathalia A. Malaga
Layout Artist: Ma. Gwendelene J. Corañez
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Aaron S. Enano
Education Program Supervisor – A.P.
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor – LRMS
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office- Marikina City
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800,
Philippines Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989
Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph
27

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Department of Education

National Capital Region

Author: Alfredo E. Ladesma

Lesson: 1 THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

Source: Wikimedia Commons retrieved from

What I Need to Know

Filipinos are known around the world to be respectful. Pagmamano is an

The person who studies Anthropology is called Anthropologist. They try to

CULTURE PHILIPPINES USA

Holiday and Ceremony

SOCIETY CULTURE EVOLUTION

19TH CENTURY 20TH CENTURY 21ST CENTURY

Figure 1.2 Three sub-fields of anthropology

The key strength of anthropology as a discipline of social science is its holistic

What I Have Learned ?

learning. The thing

What I want to remember The thing that

In one word/sentence, I learned

____________1. The key strength of anthropology as a discipline of social science is its

____________3. The idea of Anthropology in the context of conqueror-conquered

____________4. Variation of particular culture is one of the thrusts of sociocultural

____________5. The people in a human society generally share common cultural

Directions: Each person interacts meaningfully with one another as a member of

Rubric for checking the essay:

Manner of In 3-5 In 3-5 In 3-5

Relevance N/A The specific The specific

Lesson 2: THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

________1. It is the scientific study of human society and social interactions. A.

Technology Apps that make life easy

Figure 2.2 Social imagination

To illustrate how one can develop a sociological imagination, Mills distinguishes

Personal problem Are any of these Solution(s) to these

Sociology as social science

Sociology emerged as a separate discipline in the nineteenth century. This was

• Social Statics - forces which produce order and stability

• Social Dynamics- forces which contribute to social change

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) - Authored the first sociology text, Principles of

• Bourgeoisie - owners of the means of production (capitalists)

• Proletariat - the workers

What I Have Learned ?

Rubric for checking the essay:

Manner of In 3-5 In 3-5 In 3-5

Relevance N/A The specific The specific

____________1. It refers to personal challenges in life.

Lesson 3: THE NATURE, GOALS, AND

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

SECTOR Estrada Arroyo Aquino Duterte

______________1. EATTS - a community of persons more or less numerous,

GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Let us take a look in one of the most

disputed cases in the Philippine history –

the claim to Sabah. Sabah (also known as

North Borneo) is a territory claimed by the

Philippines as an inherent territory from the

Sultanate of Sulu. Currently, it is under the

rule of the Malaysian government.