ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

and
ENGINEERING
生态旅游，
让人类回归自然，保护环境，筑造
我们共同的未来……

Instructor: Sarah C. Vanguardia

Environmental Science and Engineering
Course Outline: Prelim Term
• Ecological Concepts
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Ecology of Life:
Biogeochemical Cycles
Ecosystems
Pollution Environment: Water Environment
ISO 14000 Family
Philippine Environmental Laws:
The Water Crisis Act of 1995 R.A. 8041
National Water and Air Pollution Control
Commission Act R.A. 3931
 What is Environmental Engineering?

The application of science and engineering

knowledge and concepts to care for and/or
restore our natural environment and/or solve
environmental problems.
 What do Environmental Engineers do?

Environmental engineers use the principles of

engineering, soil science, biology, and chemistry to
develop solutions to environmental problems.
 What do Environmental Engineers do?
▪ Protection of human and health and environment
▪ Apply biological and chemical sciences, including
nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, chemical
fate and toxicity, and life cycle impact considerations in product
design and development.
▪ Apply the social sciences such as public policy, communications,
and economics and work with diverse stakeholders to solve
problems.
 What do Environmental Engineers do?

END-OF-PIPE
GREEN CHEMISTRY
TREATMENT
GREEN ENGINEERING
POLLUTION PREVENTION
THROUGH ENGINEERING
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
CONTROLS

SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
 What do Environmental Engineers do?

Video LINK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUT8zya53Vg
 What do Environmental Engineers do?
Sandestin Principles of Sustainable Engineering

1. Engineers processes and products holistically, use systems

analysis, and integrate environmental impact assessment tools.
2. Conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting
human health and well-being.
3. Use life-cycle thinking in all engineering activities.
 What do Environmental Engineers do?

cont. of Sandestin Principles of Sustainable Engineering

4. Ensure that all material and energy inputs and outputs are as
inherently safe and benign as possible.
5. Minimize depletion of natural resources.
6. Strive to prevent waste.
 What do Environmental Engineers do?
cont. of Sandestin Principles of Sustainable Engineering

7. Develop and apply engineering solutions, while being cognizant of local

geography, aspirations, and cultures.
8. Create engineering solutions beyond current or dominant technologies;
improve, innovate, and invent (technologies) to achieve sustainability.
9. Actively engage communities and stakeholders in development of
engineering solutions.
Who are affected with
engineering decisions?
Everyone & Everything!
o plants
o insects
o animals
o humans
o ecosystems
o our planet
 What are
Environmental issues?
• Three areas:
– air quality
– land quality
– water quality
 Air Quality
Why is air quality such a problem?
Poor air quality can lead to:
• smog
• respiratory & other illnesses
• acid rain
• global warming
From where do air pollutants come?

Smoke stacks
 Air Quality
Air pollutant: A known
substance in the air that can
cause harm to humans and the
Effects of acid rain on plants
environment.
– nitrogen oxides (NO2)
– sulfur oxides (SO2)
– carbon monoxide (CO)
– carbon dioxide (CO2)
Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming
• Global warming: An increase in the average
air temperature of the Earth.
• Greenhouse effect: Heat from the sun gets
trapped inside the glass of a greenhouse
and heats up its air.
• More carbon dioxide (CO2) being released in
the atmosphere traps more heat.
 Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming

Video LINK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4H1N_yXBiA
 How do we reduce
air pollutants?
• carpool
• hybrid cars
• EPA government regulation
• NEW: geologic and biologic
carbon sequestration
• alternative fuels
• walk, bike or use public
transportation
 Land Quality
• Land pollution: Destruction of the Earth’s surface caused by
human activities and the misuse of natural resources.
• Natural resources: Land and raw materials that exist naturally
in the environment undisturbed by humans.
• Renewable resource: A natural resource that can be replaced
by a natural process.
• Non-renewable resource: A natural resource that cannot be
produced or re-grown or reused.
 Examples
Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources
What problems arise from land pollution?

Pesticides and herbicides Acid mine drainage

Landfills
 Water Quality
Water pollution refers to the introduction
of a substance to the environment at
levels leading to lost beneficial use of a
resource or degradation of the health of
humans, wildlife or ecosystem.
Pollution may be caused by point sources
at stationary locations such as an effluent
pipe or nonpoint sources (also called
diffuse sources) such as land runoff and
atmosphere. The mass flux of a pollutant
is expressed as a load in mass per unit
volume.
 Water Quality
Main Pollutants:
- Organic waste
- Suspended solids
- Nutrients
- Thermal pollution
- Toxic metals
- Pathogens and carcinogens
- Radioactive contamination
 LET’S HAVE SOME
GROUP ACTIVITY
(Group yourselves into 5 members)

DURATION: 1 HOUR
 Grading Criteria
D = 2 pts. C = 5 pts. B = 7 pts. A = 10 pts.
 GROUP ACTIVITY
At the World Health Organization Web site
(www.who.org), research a health issue related to
water, indoor air, or climate. In one page discuss
the issue and provide your own sustainable
solution to solving this problem, including its
societal, environmental, and economic
components.
 REFERENCES
Bellardi, O’Brien. Hazardous Waste Site Remediation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995.
Crites, Ron and G. Tchobanoglous. Small and Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems. McGraw-Hill, 1998.
Davis, Mackenzie L. and Susan J. Masten. Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science. McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Guzmar, Ruth and Roger Guzmar. Environmental Education for Sustainable Development. Wisdom Advocate Publishing, 2000.
Heisketh, Howard. Air Pollution Control - Traditional and Hazardous Pollutants. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., 1996.
Henze, M., et al. Wastewater Treatment. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1997.
Kay, J.G., G.E. Keller and J.F. Miller. Indoor Air Pollution. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers, 1991.
Kiely, Gerard. Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. Wastewater Engineering - Collection, Treatment and Disposal. McGraw-Hill, 1991.
Mihekic, James. Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999.
Nemerow, N.L. and F. Agardy. Strategies of Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management. International Thomson Publishing Company, 1998.
Ortolano, Leonard. Environmental Regulation and Impact Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
Perry, S., D. Rower and G. Tchobanoglous. Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, 1985.
Vesilind, P. et al. (2010). Introduction to Environmental Engineering.
Wark, K., C. Warner and W. Davis. Air Pollution - Its Origin and Control. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Weiner, R and Matthews, R. (2003). Environmental Engineering (Fourth Edition).
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