Sriram Centre, Vernacular Architecture - Coa

PARALLEL TRENDS IN • BY
• S ARPITHA
INDIAN • THUSHARA M.T
• VARUN D
ARCHITECTURE • VENKATA AYYAPPA .K.H
SRIRAM CENTRE ,
NEW DELHI
• Sriram centre -
centre for arts and culture.
• One of Delhi's best known
theatre at Mandi house.
• The centre was built for a
private trust that promotes
dance , drama , theatre .
• Architect – Shivnath prasad
HISTORY AND
LOACTION
• ACTIVITIES
• History • DRAMA
• DANCE
• The Centre opened in the • THEATRE
early ‘60’s.
VIEW OF THE BUILDING
• Designed by Shiv Nath Prasad ,
it can be regarded as work
resulting from second phase of
Le Corbusier 's influence . . Located in a
• Location locality – has high
dense colony
• Shri Ram Centre, 4, Safdar . Good proximity
Hashmi Marg, Mandi House, to public
New Delhi, Delhi 110001 transport
NEW DELHI
MANDI HOUSE
ABOUT THE BUILDING CUBOID
• CONCEPT : The concept was to design a

building using pure geometrical forms
cuboids, cylinders. Use of concrete, brick
and stone to give a raw sculpture look.
• The complex consists of art galleries, CYLINDER
canteens, auditoriums.
• The building is unique in architecture - it
consists of a cuboid sitting over a cylinder.
• It houses different functions :
• Cylinder form (18M HT , 21M DIA) – theatre
• Rectangular box (30M X 30M ) - rehearsal
spaces
• It was a small site and located in a neighbourhood
that experiences dense traffic.
• This provided an opportunity to express individual
functions at different levels, using distinct forms
supported by independent structural supports.
• At the ground floor level, space enclosure is kept to a
minimum so that the entrance hall and ticket foyer
can also be used for exhibitions and spaces flow to
encounter grass, trees and sunshine. A coffee shop
opens off it for use by various art groups.
• In the basement is a small experimental theatre. The main theatre, seating 550 persons is at the first-
floor level and is 21m in diameter. It is supported on circumferential and radial beams cantilevering
from six columns.
• Above the cylindrical form of the theatre is the top floor, a large rectilinear mass supported at four
cross-shaped columns placed at 19m centres with 6m cantilevers all around. This floor provides spaces
for rehearsals, dancing, dormitories for visiting performers, and a small circular auditorium for puppet
shows and films.
• The walls are constructed of R.C.C and finished with wood board which is a sound absorbing
panel. Glass wool is filled in between the R.C.C and the wood board to provide further sound
insulation.
• The theatre has a timber floor covered with carpets. It is hollow underneath and is used for
services like A.C ducts.
• The theatre has a coffered R.C.C ceiling that distributes the load.
Vernacular architecture
• Vernacular architecture is characterized by its reliance on
needs, construction materials and traditions specific to its particular
locality. It is a type of architecture which is indigenous to a specific
time and place and not replicated from elsewhere.
Historically, vernacular architecture has incorporated the skills and
expertise of local builders as opposed to formally-trained architects.
• The development of vernacular architecture centers on
the functions that the building type is required to perform.
The design then generally evolves over time, becoming more refined
and tailored to the contexts in which it exists, including:
1. The availability of resources, skilled workforce, and so on.
2. Local technology.
3. Climate: The amount of sunshine, humidity,
rain, wind, temperature profiles, and so on.
4. Local culture: The way of life of the occupiers greatly influences
the building form. This can include the size of families, the way
the building is used, social conditions, local customs,
religious values, and so on.
5. Environment: Whether it is located near water, woodland, desert or
mountainous terrain, and so on.
6. Economic conditions.
7. Historical influences.
MATERIALS
• Timber – is one of the most frequently available and natural yet native building materials.
• Adobe - is a natural building construction material that is made from clay, sand, water, and a kind of
fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw or manure), usually shaped into bricks using moulds and
dried in the sun.
• Stone- Stone is another one of the major building materials that is indigenous for Indian
architecture. It is a versatile material and it can be used from the foundation to the parapet in a
building.
• Clay- Clay is used for buildings sustainable, traditional buildings.
• Rammed earth – type of building construction which utilises natural raw materials such as earth,
chalk, lime or gravel.
• Fly-ash-Sand-lime-Gypsum Bricks – They are environment friendly, excellent strength, dry quickly,
and have reduced water absorption and shrinkage.
• Compressed Earth Blocks - energy efficient, eco-friendly with excellent surface finish. It is a cost
effective material with goof thermal insulation.
• Clay Fly-ash Burnt bricks – environment friendly, energy efficient and locally manufactured material.
• Micro concrete Roofing Tiles - MCR tiles are a cost-effective and extremely versatile roofing
material. It has been used expansively in cost effective housing schemes, poultry farms, restaurants
and workplaces
Indian Vernacular Houses
Warli House
• It is the traditional house of Maharashtra which is built by local
materials like mud plastered walls that are made of ‘Karvi’ ( soft
stem of Strobilantes callosus Nees plant) and supple bamboo.
• The floors are plastered with cow dung. The roofs of the houses
are thatched with palm leaves and paddy straw that keeps it
cool even during hot summers.
• They can also withstand heavy monsoons. It is a climate
responsive structure.
Zawlbuk House
• It is the tribal house of Mizoram. It is usually present in the north
eastern tribes. These houses are dedicated to the youth of the
community. It is located in the center of the Mizo village.
• The floor of the Zawlbuk consists of a strong bamboo mat
carefully woven in a particular design. It is where the youngsters
are trained to follow the traditions of the tribe. The partitions are
made of bamboo screens.
• They use wood and bamboo to build their houses on the sloping
land. The roof is made of split bamboo covered by thick thatch,
leaves or straw.
Bhunga
• It is the traditional house of Rajasthan and Kutch. It is built very strong such that it can even withstand large
earthquakes. They are climate responsive structures. These structures have a circular form which ensures
minimum expose to the extremely hot and dry desert.
• The structure is built using materials like mud for walls and thatch for the roof. The interiors are aesthetically
decorated with mirror work patterns. It is constructed using locally available materials like clay, bamboo,
straw, timber, etc. Structurally the roof is placed on two thick wooden posts placed across circular walls.
• The two posts bear the weight of the roof. The thick walls provide thermal comfort. Wooden frames are set
at the lower level for cross ventilation. The thatched roof is built on the top of the walls which rest on a spiral
frame forming a cone resting on the walls
Typical Features of Vernacular Architecture
• Plinth: It is the lowest part of the vernacular hut.
• Walls: The walls used are mostly load bearing structure

except they are wooden framed structures.
• Openings: To maintain the thermal balance, the vernacular

huts have minimum possible openings.
• Roofs: They do not end touching the wall, but project
outwards creating large overhanging in order to protect the
wall from sunlight and rain. They are usually sloping roof and
their pitch depends according to the wind speed of that
area.
• Loft: It is the overhead storage in the built structure. This loft

space separates the upper hot zone from the lower cool
zone of the building
Elements of Vernacular Architecture
• Water: It is the most important resource which has

to be utilized cautiously. For this, there are
strategies like water harvesting and recycling
which have to be adopted.
• Structural Longevity: The materials used in the
building decide the life cycle of the building. The
materials that cost more and consume more
energy and resource in their manufacturing can
be used to generate more benefits over their
recycling potentials and disposal.
• Light and Ventilation: The climate responsive
buildings reduce artificial lighting and air
conditioning systems.
• Technology: The technologies used are devices
like jails, fountains, water to cool building fabrics,
etc. add sustainable features at a macro level.

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PARALLEL TRENDS IN • BY

• CONCEPT : The concept was to design a

• Walls: The walls used are mostly load bearing structure

• Openings: To maintain the thermal balance, the vernacular

• Loft: It is the overhead storage in the built structure. This loft

• Water: It is the most important resource which has

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