Department of Education

National Capital Region

Division of City Schools – Manila

Electronic Products
Assembly and Servicing
Grade 11
ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
1st Semester – Midterm
Week 4 Module 3

Most Essential Learning Competency 1 – Prepare to Assemble

Electronics Products (TLE_IAEPAS9- 12AEP-IVa-27)
1.5. Power Supply Components (7805 and 7812)
1.5.1. Electronic Components and Resistor
1.5.2. Capacitor, Inductor and Transformer
1.5.3. Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuit (IC) and Fuse

1
 How to use this Module?

Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Parts of the Module

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding- It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
2
 1.5.1. Electronic Components and Resistor

EXPECTATIONS:
1. Differentiate active and passive components.
2. Identify the electronic components and devices used in power supply.
3. Define what is resistor.
4. Identify the types of resistor.
5. Determine the resistor power rating.
6. Explain the resistor color coding.
7. Compute for the actual value of the resistor correctly.
8. Determine the procedure in interpreting the tolerance of resistor.
9. Compute the minimum and maximum value of resistor.
10. Explain how to test a resistor.

PRE-TEST

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Write the correct answer on the space provided.
An electronic circuit is composed of different components that are classified as
1._______________ and 2.______________components.
3. A _____________ is a device that limits, or resists current.
4. ________________ is a single value resistance, which remains the same under
the normal condition.
5. __________ rating of resistor changes with their sizes, the 6.____________ the
resistor the greater the wattages and the smaller the resistor the 7. ____________the
wattage.
8. _____________ are formed by means of vacuum decomposition.
In tolerance, ±5% is the value of color 9. ______________________ and ±10% for
color 10.____________________.

3
CHOICES
Active Bigger Fixed Resistor
Gold Inactive Lesser
Metal Film Passive Potentiometer
Power Red Resistor
Silver

Direction: Identify the following components.

1. 4.

2.
5.

3. Choices:
Ceramic Capacitor Transformer
Electrolytic Capacitor Inductor
Air core Inductor Transistor

Direction: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is

False.
____1. Transistor is a semi-conductor electronic device or component that
permits current to flow in only one direction and bars their passage in
the other direction.

____2. Photodiode is a PN junction device that operates in reverse bias.

____3. Rectifier Diode is a device used to convert alternating current to

direct current.

____4. Diode is a device consisting of semiconductor materials like

germanium and silicon which is used as detector, amplifier, oscillator
or switch.

____5. MOSFET is the acronym of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect

Transformer.

____6. IC is an electronic device or component that is composed of two or

more components integrated in one package.
4
 ____8. The tester pointer deflects and measures the same in both directions.
The diode is OPEN.

____9. The tester pointer does not deflect at all in all terminal, the
transistor is OPEN.

____10.The tester pointer doesn’t deflect at all, the fuse is OPEN.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Recently, electronics has undergone rapid development where from

the simple radio, it brought as television, computers and lately, the most
complicated micro digital components and gadgets. It covers almost all the
material things related to human existence, that one cannot practically live
in these modern times without this electronic-based environment.
In this topic, you will learn about different electronic components.
The types of electronic components which are active and passive
components.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Place a T on the line if you
think the statement it TRUE. Place an F on the line if you think the statement
is FALSE.

_____ 1. Wiring diagram shows wiring connection in a simplified, easy to follow

manner.

_____ 2. A protractor is used for drawing circles and arcs of circles.

_____ 3. Technical drafting are used in preparing accurate drawings

_____ 4. Pictorial diagram shows the pictures of the actual components and
wiring connections although it does not provide the exact size of components.

_____ 5. A diode is used to allow electric current to flow in only one direction.
Abbreviated as ‘D’.

5
TOPIC: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Objectives:

1. Differentiate active and passive components.

2. Identify the electronic components and devices used in power supply.

LEARNING CONTENT:
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
An electronic circuit is composed of different components that are classified as
passive and active components.

Type of Electronic Components

Passive components or device are components that do not generate voltage but
controls the current in a circuit. Examples: Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors and
many more.
Active components or device are components that can generate, amplify and
even control voltage and current in a circuit. Examples: Diode, Transistor,
Integrated Circuits (IC) and many more.

Electronic Components and Devices used in Power Supply

1. Resistor is electronic component that resist the flow of current or the flow of
charge in a circuit.
2. Capacitor is a device that store electrons.
3. Diode is a semi-conductor electronic device or component that permits
current to flow in only one direction.
4. Transistor is a semi-conductor device that used to switch electronic signals
and to amplify.
5. Integrated Circuit (IC) is an electronic component that is composed of two
or more components integrated in one package.
6. Inductor is basically a coil of wire that may or may not be wrapped around
a core.
7. Transformer is a device for converting a varying current from one voltage to
another.
8. Fuse is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of
excessive current.
9. Switch is electrical device having two states, on(closed) or off(open).

6
REFERENCES

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K-12 Oriented by Romeo Ebonite.

Pages 202, 204, 211, 217

Simple Electronics by M. Enriquez, F. Gantalao, R. Lasala pages 119, 215

Technology and Home Economics by E. Tabbada, V. Manantan, D. Atas, E.Callo,
A. Nolasco, page 281

WORKSHEET 1
Direction: In your own words, differentiate active and passive electronic
components.

Name: ________________________ Gr. & Sec: __________ Score: ____________

Teacher: ______________________ School: _____________ Date: _____________

ACTIVE ELECTRONIC PASSIVE ELECTRONIC

COMPONENT COMPONENT

V
E
R
S
U
S

7
 REMEMBER

 An electronic circuit is composed of different components that are

classified as passive and active components.
 Electronic component includes resistor, capacitor, inductor,
transformer, diode, transistor, integrated circuit and fuse.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. ________________ is electronic component that resist the flow of current
or the flow of charge in a circuit.
A. Active electronic component
B. Capacitor
C. Passive electronic component
D. Resistor
2. _______________ are components that do not generate voltage but
controls the current in a circuit.
A. Active electronic components
B. Capacitors
C. Inductor
D. Passive electronic components

3. An electronic component that is composed of two or more components

integrated in one package.
A. Capacitor C. Integrated Circuit (IC)
B. Diode D. Transistor
4. A device for converting a varying current from one voltage to another.
A. Capacitor C. Integrated Circuit (IC)
B. Fuse D. Transformer
5. __________________ are components that can generate, amplify and even
control voltage and current in a circuit.
A. Active electronic components C. Inductor
B. Capacitors D. Passive electronic components

8
TOPIC: RESISTOR

Objectives:

1. Define what is resistor.

2. Identify the types of resistor.
3. Determine the resistor power rating.
4. Explain the resistor color coding.
5. Compute for the actual value of the resistor correctly.
6. Determine the procedure in interpreting the tolerance of resistor.
7. Compute the minimum and maximum value of resistor.
8. Explain how to test a resistor.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Classify the following electronics that are under active and
passive electronic components.
RESISTOR DIODE IC TRANSISTOR CAPACITOR

ACTIVE ELECTRONIC PASSIVE ELECTRONIC

COMPONENT COMPONENT

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A common component in all kinds of electronic equipment from the

smallest AM radio to a color television set receiver is the resistor. Resistors
are devices that reduce the current flow in a circuit by dividing voltage and
producing a voltage drop.

9
LEARNING CONTENT:

RESISTOR
One of the most common electronic components. A resistor is a device that
limits, or resists current. It also a device with a known value of resistance.
Resistance refers to the amount of opposition to the current flow in a
circuit. It is measured in ohms represented by the Greek symbol Omega
(Ω). Ohm is the unit of measurement used to measure resistance.
In many electrical and electronics applications, resistance must be inserted
into a circuit to serve its purpose – that of providing opposition. The
electronic symbol used for resistor is .
There are numerous varieties of resistors. There are Precision Wire-wound,
Power Wire-wound, Fuse Resistors, Carbon Composition, Carbon Film,
Metal Film, Foil, Filament Wound, and Power Film Resistor. Each of these
resistors has a useful purpose.

Types of Resistor
Resistors come in many shapes, forms and sizes to meet specific design
requirements of a circuit. The following are the common types of resistors.
1. Fixed Resistor
It is a single value resistance, which remains the same under the
normal condition. The two common kinds of fixed resistors are
carbon resistor and film-type resistor.
A. Carbon Film Resistor – made from carbon graphite, mixed with
powdered insulating materials. This type of resistor offers high
resistance, using low power.

B. Carbon Composition Resistors are made either by hot or cold from

mixtures of carbon and clay binder. These has become a
dominant discrete resistor mainly for its low-cost reliability in
general purpose applications.

C. Metal Film Resistor are formed by means of vacuum

decomposition, a process by which any of several different metal
or metal oxide films are deposited on a suitable insulating
mandrel or core. It is laser trimmed to obtain the desired
resistance value before the protective insulation coat is applied.

10
 D. Wirewound resistors is a type of resistor, highly resistive wire is
wrapped around insulating core. The length of the wire
determines the resistance of the device. Insulating cores usually
made of cement or ceramic materials or just plain paper or
pressed cardboard. This type of resistor provides low resistance
with high wattages ranging from 5 to 100 watts or more. They
are best choice in applications where accurate and stable
resistances are necessary.

2. Variable Resistor
Variable resistors are used when it is necessary to change the
amount of resistance in a circuit. It is constructed so that its value
in ohms can be changed or controlled either by sliding a metal clip
contact, as in variable wirewound resistors or by adjusting the
handle or shaft as in potentiometers and rheostats. The way
resistance varies with shaft rotation is called taper of the control.
A. Wirewound type consists of a special-resistance wire wound on a
porcelain tube and provided with terminals at each end. A metal
clip comes in contact with the exposed portion of the resitance
wire or base. The metal clip which slides along the length of the
porcelain tube can be locked in the desired position.
C. Rheostat a variable resistor with two terminals connected in series
with load, the filament of a lamp or vacuum tube. It is used to
adjust the current in the circuit. If you decrease the resistance,
the current increases. The power rating must be sufficien for the
highest current in the rheostat.
B. Potentiometer has a circular disk called the
carbon compositon element and is provided
with three terminals. Two terminals are
found at the ed of the dissk while the third is
at the middle. The middle terminal is
operated by a shaft that comes in contact
with different points on the resitance element
when the shaft is manually rotated.

Resistor Power Rating

Power rating of resistor changes with their sizes, the bigger the resistor the
greater the wattages and the smaller the resistor the lesser the wattage.

11
 Resistor Color Coding
One distinct features of this resistance-giving component is the way its
value is determined. Because carbon resistor is physically small, they are
color coded to indicate their resistance value in ohms. The resistance value
of a resistor is color coded. Reading from left to right, the first color band
close to the edge indicates the first digit in numeral value of resistance.
There are four or five color bands on the body of a resistor. In four band
resistors, the first band is the first significant digit, the second band is the
second significant digit, third band is multiplier and the fourth band is the
tolerance. In five color band, the first band is the first significant digit, the
second band is the second significant digit, third band is third significant
digit, fourth band is the multiplier and fifth is the tolerance. Black is not
used for the first color or digit. Gold and silver are only used for third and
fourth digits.

4 Band Resistor

5 Band Resistor

12
Example Computation

4 Band Resistor

COMPUTATION:
RED – GREEN – ORANGE – GOLD
2 5 1, 000 ±5%
27 x 1, 000 ±5%
ACTUAL VALUE = 25, 000Ω ±5%

5 Band Resistor

COMPUTATION:
RED – VIOLET – BLACK – ORANGE – GOLD
2 7 0 1, 000 ±5%
270 x 1, 000 ±5%
ACTUAL VALUE = 270, 000Ω ±5%

Resistor Tolerance
Resistor color coded value is not absolute. The real resistance of the
resistor is sometimes lower or higher that its color coded value but not to
exceed its tolerance level. Tolerance is the limit on how far the real value
of the resistor can deviate from its color coded value. It can be more or less
but subjected to a tolerable limit. In color coding chart, there is a column
for tolerance. Color gold is + or – 5%, silver is + or – 10% and the no color
means + or – 20%.

Procedure in interpreting the tolerance of resistor

1. Identify the tolerance color of the resistor being analyzed. Assuming
the color is gold which has a value of + or – 5%.
2. Convert the percentage into its decimal equivalent. 5% is equivalent
to 0.05
3. Compute for the percentage of the color code value. Assuming that
the color coded value is 25,000 ohms ± 5%.
So 25,000 X 0.05 = 1,250

13
4. For the + side, add 1 250 to the color coded value of 25,000.
25,000 + 1,250 = 26,250 ohms
That is the maximum deviation for that resistor. Beyond that, the resistor
will not be fitted for the circuit which requires such tolerance.
5. For the – side, deduct 1 250 from the color coded value of 25,000.
25,000 – 1,250 = 23,750 ohms
That will be the minimum deviation for that particular resistor. Far beyond
that the resistor will be considered to be defective.
6. Finally the value of the resistor with colors red – green – orange – gold is
25,000 ohms with a deviation of +5 and -5. ( 23,750 ohms – 26, 250 ohms)
Example Computation

RED – GREEN – ORANGE – GOLD 4 Band Resistor

2 5 1, 000 ±5%
27 x 1, 000 ±5%
ACTUAL VALUE = 25, 000Ω ±5%

Coded Value Tolerance

PERCENTAGE VALUE = Coded Value X tolerance

= 25,000 Ω (0.05)
= 1,250 Ω

MINIMUM VALUE = Coded Value – Percentage Value

= 25,000 Ω - 1,250 Ω
= 23, 750 Ω

MAXIMUM VALUE = Coded Value + Percentage value

= 25,000 Ω + 1,250 Ω
= 26, 250 Ω
RANGE VALUE: 23,750 Ω - 26, 250 Ω

RED – VIOLET – BLACK – ORANGE – GOLD 5 Band Resistor

2 7 0 1, 000 ±5%
270 x 1, 000 ±5%
ACTUAL VALUE = 270, 000Ω ±5%

Coded Value Tolerance

14
 PERCENTAGE VALUE = Coded Value X tolerance
= 270,000 Ω (0.05)
= 13,500 Ω

MINIMUM VALUE = Coded Value – Percentage Value

= 270,000 Ω - 13,500 Ω
= 256,500 Ω

MAXIMUM VALUE = Coded Value + Percentage value

= 270,000 Ω + 13,500 Ω
= 283,000 Ω
RANGE VALUE: 256,500 Ω - 283,000 Ω
Testing of Resistor
1. Get the range value of the resistor by
applying resistor color coding.
2. Calibrate the Ohmmeter.
3. Set the Multitester to ohmmeter range: x1,
x10, x100, x1k, x10k, x100k, depending
on the resistance value. Probably higher
ranges first unti you have a clear reading.
4. Place the test probe to the two terminal
lead of the resistor. Since the resistor do
not have polarity place the test probe in
any of the resistor’s terminal lead. Don’t
touch the test probe while testing.

Good Resistor
The meter reading should be within the range
value of the resistor.
Defective Resistor
1. The tester pointer does not deflect at all. The resistor is OPEN.
2. The tester pointer deflects to zero resistance in any range multiplier.
The resistor is SHORTED.
3. The resistance reading has big difference to the resistor range value.
The resistor is OUT OF TOLERANCE.

REFERENCES

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. –

Simple Electronics pages 98-107

E. Tabbada, V. Manantan, D. Atas, E. Callo, A. Nolasco – Technology

and Home Economics pages 274 – 278

15
 REFERENCES (continuation)

Ebonite, Romeo – Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K-12

Oriented by Pages 204-205

K to 12 Learning Module – Consumer Electronics Servicing for Grade

7 and 8. Pages 26-29, 36 and 69-71.

WORKSHEET 1
Name: ________________________ Gr. & Sec: __________ Score: ____________

Teacher: ______________________ School: _____________ Date: _____________

1. Ready the following materials to be used.

A. 10 pieces - Carbon resistors, 1 watt, assorted values
B. Paper and pen
2. Arrange resistors as done in the first operation.
3. Identify the tolerance color and record them in the resistor tabulation
sheet.
4. Compute for the maximum value of the + tolerance.
5. Compute for the maximum value of the – tolerance.

RESISTOR TABULATION SHEET

Maximum Minimum Value

Colors Coded Value Percentage Value
Value

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

16
 REMEMBER

Resistor is one of an example of passive components. Resistor

oppose the flow of current in the circuit. It has two types, fixed and
variable resistor. One distinct features of this resistance-giving component
is the way its value is determined through resistor color coding.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Compute the actual value, percentage value, minimum and

maximum value of the resistors below. Show your solution.

1. ORANGE – RED – GREEN – GOLD

2. RED – RED – BLACK – ORANGE – GOLD

17
 1.5.2. Capacitor, Inductor and Transformer

EXPECTATIONS:
1. Identify the characteristics of capacitor.
2. Classify the common types of capacitor.
3. Compute the value of capacitor.
4. Perform capacitor testing.
5. Define inductor and transformer
6. Classify the common types of inductor and transformer.
7. Identify what is transformer.
8. Discuss the common trouble of inductor and transformer.
9. Explain testing of transformer.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Capacitor is an example of passive electronic component. It is a

device that stores electron. The basic capacitor is made up of two conducts
separated by an insulator or dielectric.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided.
1. A _____________ is a device that limits, or resists current.
A. Resist C. Resistor
B. Resistance D. Resistory
2. ___________ is a single value resistance, which remains the same under
the normal condition
A. Fixed Resistor C. Rheostat
B. Potentiometer D. Variable Resistor

18
3. __________ rating of resistor changes with their sizes, the 4.____________
the resistor the greater the wattages and the smaller the resistor the 5.
____________the wattage.
A. Bigger C. Power
B. Lesser D. Resistor

TOPIC: CAPACITOR

Objectives:

1. Identify the characteristics of capacitor

2. Classify the common types of capacitor
3. Compute the value of capacitor.
4. Perform capacitor testing.

LEARNING CONTENT:
CAPACITOR
A simple capacitor consists of two or more metal
plates separated by insulating materials such as
mica, paper, nonconducting gas, ceramic, thin
sheets of plastic materials or even glass. These
insulating materials are called dielectrics.
Capacitor has the capability to charge and
discharge voltage. It is formerly called condenser
which has the ability to hold a charge of electrons.
Capacitance refers to the ability of a capacitor to
store electrical energy. This occurs when a certain
voltage is applied to the capacitor. The stored
electrical energy is measurable and is expressed
by a unit called farad.

1 Farad (F) is actually a huge number of electrons

(6,280,000,000,000,000,000) electrons to be exact. So, we usually rate
capacitors in microfarad (μF) and picofarad (pF). 1 μF is equal to
0.000001F and 1pF is equal to 0.000000000001F.
Characteristics of a Capacitor:
1. It can store electric charge even though the voltage source is already
disconnected.
2. It can discharge electrical voltages.

19
Capacitor come in a variety of sizes, shapes, models or if you desire, they
can be manufatured by your specifications. These also come in a variety
of materials, to name a few: aluminum foil, polypropylene, polyester
(mylar), polyesterene, polycarbonate, kraft paper, mica, teflon, epoxy, oil-
filled, electrolyte, tantalum and many more.

Types of Capacitor

2. Non-polarized Capacitor is a type of capacitor that can be connected

any way in a circuit. In other words, there is no positive or negative.
Common types of non-polar capacitors are ceramic, mica and some
electrolytic. A capacitor stores electric charge. A capacitor is used
with resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a filter, to
block DC signals but pass AC signals.

A. Ceramic Capacitor – constructed with materials

such as titanium acid barium for dielectric.
Internally these capacitors are not constructed as
a coil, so they are well suited for use in high
frequency applications. Typically used to bypass
high frequency signals to ground. They are
shaped like a disk, available in very small
capacitance values and very small sizes. Comes
in very small size and value, very cheap, reliable.
Subject to drifting depending on ambient
temperature.
B. Silver-mica used as a dielectric. Used in resonance circuites,
frequency filters, and military RF applications. Highly stable, and
good temperature coefficient, excellent for endurance because of
their frequency characteristc, no large values, high voltage types
available, can be expensive but worth the extra dimes.
1. Polarized Capacitor – this type must be connected the correct way
round. It has positive and negative terminal lead. A capacitor is
used with a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a filter,
to block DC signals but pass AC signal.

A. Electrolytic capacitor made of electrolyte, basically

conductive salt in solvent. Aluminum electrodes are
used by using a thin oxidation membrane. Most
common type, polarized capacitor. Applications:
ripple filters, timing circuits. Cheap, readily available,
good for storage of charge. Not very accurate,
marginal electrical properties, leakage, drifting, not
suitable for use in hf circuits, available in very small
or very large values in μF. It will explode if the rated
working voltage is exceeded or polarity is reversed, so
be careful.

20
 B. Tantalum is made of tantalum pentoxide. They are electrolytic
capacitors but used with a material called tantalum for the
electrodes. Superior to electrolytic capacitors, excellent
temperature and frequency characteristics. Like electrolytic,
tantalum is polarized + and – indicators. Mostly used in analog
signal systems because of the lack of current-spike-noise. Small
size fits anywhere, reliable, most common values readily available.
Expensive, easily damaged by spikes, large values exist but may
be hard to obtain.

3. Variable Capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance can be varied.

These are usually made up of one or more moving plates and one or
more non-moving plates separated by the dielectric. By moving the
plates, we can vary the capacitance. A variable capacitor is used in a
radio tuner.
A. Tuning or Air-core Capacitors – they use the surrounding air as a
dielectric. Mostly used in radio and radar equipment. This type
usually has more (air) capacitors combined (ganged) and so when
the adjustment axel is turned, the capacitance of all of them
changes simultaneously.
4. Trimmer Capacitor – this type of variable capacitor (a trimmer) is
operated with a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed to be
set when the circuit is made and then left without further
adjustment.
A. Adjustable Capacitors – also called trimmer capacitors or variable
capacitors. It uses ceramic or plastic as a dielectric. Most of
them are color coded to easily recognize their tunable size. The
ceramic type has the value printed on them. Colors are yellow
(5pF), blue (7pF), white (10pF), green (30pF), and brown (60pF).

Capacitor Reading
1. Electrolytic Capacitor
The positive (+) lead is usually longer
than the negative (-) one.
All units in micro farad (μF)

Negative sign indicator

Indicated value
(capacitance and voltage) Negative terminal lead

Positive lead terminal

21
2. Mylar Capacitor
Computation:
1 0 4 J Tolerance
1 0 4 J
1st Number of
Significant zero/ 1 0 0000 in pico farad
digit multiplier
2nd 100,000pF is equal to 0.1 μF
Significant J = ± 5%
digit
Therefore the capacitance is
0.1 μF ± 5%

CODE TOLERANCE
Steps:
J ± 5%
K ± 10% 1. Get the coded value.
2. Convert the pF to μF.
M ± 20%
C ± 0.25%

3. Ceramic Capacitor
Computation:
2 0 3
2 0 3
1st Number of
Significant zero/
digit 2 0 000 in pico farad
multiplier
2nd 20,000pF is equal to 0.01 μF
Significant
digit Therefore the capacitance is
0.02 μF

Testing of Capacitor
If you don’t have the correct equipment for testing a capacitor, here is a
simple way to do it. Most capacitors rarely become damaged, and when
they do you may notice the following physical features; arcing or burning
at the insulator, the presence of what looks like an oily film on top of the
capacitor or under it. An oily kind of smell is also a positive sign that it
may be defective. The last possible physical indication is the easiest to
spot, any bulging on the capacitor means that it either has broken down or
is in the process of breaking down, which means that it needs to be
replaced.
Steps:
1. Discharge the energy stored to capacitor by shorting the two terminal
lead momentarily.

22
2. Set the multitester to ohmmeter range.
CAPACITANCE RANGE
0.01μF to 1μF x10K
1μF to 47μF x1K
47μF to 1000μF x10
1000μF and above x1

3. Connect the positive probe to the capacitor

negative terminal lead and negative probe
to the positive terminal lead.

Good Capacitor
1. The tester pointer will deflect and then
move back to its initial position.

Defective Capacitor
1. The tester pointer won’t deflect at all.
The capacitor is OPEN.
2. The tester pointer will rest on the 0 ohm
scale. The capacitor is SHORTED.
3. The tester pointer deflects toward the
right position but does not return to its
initial position or remains stationary.
The capacitor is LEAKY.

REFERENCES

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. –

Simple Electronics pages 119-123 and 220-221

E. Tabbada, V. Manantan, D. Atas, E. Callo, A. Nolasco – Technology

and Home Economics page 279

Ebonite, Romeo – Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K-12

Oriented page 207

K to 12 Learning Module – Consumer Electronics Servicing for Grade 7

and 8. Pages 70-71

https://pixabay.com/vectors/capacitor-electronic-component-
24521/

23
WORKSHEET 1
Direction: Collect, classify and mount below the different types of capacitors.
Complete the table below.
Name: ________________________ Gr. & Sec: __________ Score: ____________

Teacher: ______________________ School: _____________ Date: _____________

Actual Type of Name of Application

Function
Component Capacitor Capacitor

24
 REMEMBER

 A simple capacitor consists of two or more metal plates separated by

insulating materials such as mica, paper, nonconducting gas, ceramic,
thin sheets of plastic materials or even glass.
 Non-polarized, variable, polarized and trimmer are types of capacitor.
 Reading of capacitor can be done by computing the value written on the
capacitor’s body.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Capacitor Reading. Compute the value of the following

capacitors.

1.
472

4.
223K

2.
104J

5. 563

3. 684

25
TOPIC: INDUCTOR and TRANSFORMER

Objectives:

1. Define inductor and transformer

2. Classify the common types of inductor and transformer.
3. Identify what is transformer.
4. Discuss the common trouble of inductor and transformer.
5. Perform testing of transformer.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Inductors are devices for storing electrical energy. It is basically a

coil of wire that may or may not wrapped around a core. And transformer
is the type of inductor made up of two or more coils usually wound on
some type of form.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Read the questions carefully and write the correct answer
on the space provided.
1. A ________________ has the capability to charge and discharge
voltage.

2. _________________ refers to the ability of a capacitor to store electrical

energy.

3. __________________ is a type of capacitor that can be connected any

way in a circuit.

4. _____________________ is a capacitor whose capacitance can be varied.

5. ___________________________ has positive and negative terminal lead.

26
LEARNING CONTENT:
INDUCTOR
Inductors are basically a coil of wire that may or may not wrapped around
a core. Inductors resist a rapid change in the current flow through them
because of the effects of the magnetic field they create as that current flows.
Because of this property, they are often used as filtering in power supplies.
Inductors are also used in radios and other tuned circuits to form tank
circuit. A tank circuit is basically a type of oscillator. Some inductors have
a variable value. This is accomplished by using a screw to move the core
in and out of the coil. These types of inductors are usually used in radios.
Inductance refers to the ability of a conductor to induce a voltage when the
current value varies. For example, a long wire has more inductance than
a short wire since more conductor length cut by magnetic flux produces
more induced voltage. Similarly, a coil has more inductance than the
equivalent length of straight wire because the coil concentrates magnetic
flux. The symbol for inductance is L which stands for linkages of the
magnetic flux. Its unit of measure is henry (M).

Types of Inductor
1. An inductor designed for high power environment; it
has ferrite core which gives it a greater inductance
ability which makes it perfect for power supplies with
a need for precise outputs.

2. An air core inductor which offers little inductance in a

circuit but does have a tick coil, this is a good example
of something that you would find in a TV set or
computer monitor.

3. A device with an inductance rating specified on its

outer rings. Due to a thin coil and compact size, it is
only suitable for such devices such as had held radios
and such devices with low power consumption. It
looks like a resistor with usually green coated body,
but the color coding and reading of this is the same as
resistor but the unit is in micro Henry (μH) or 10-6
Henry (for four-band only.)

4. A device that has a variable core for precision tuning

for such devices as radio frequency discriminating.
The coils are very thin few which means that the
situation in where this device can be in are very
limited.

27
TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a type of inductor made up of two or more
coils usually wound on some type of form. This form or core
is usually made up of iron, due to its magnetic properties. A
transformer consists of a primary coil and a secondary coil of
wire wound around thin pieces of metal. A winding refers to
the coils of wire in the transformer. Primary winding is
usually connected to the electric current source side (220V)
and the secondary winding is connected to the load side (0-
12V) depending on the voltage supply required.

Parts of Transformer
1. Primary Winding – this refers to the input of the transformer where
the main power source connected.
2. Secondary Winding – this is the output side of the transformer where
the load is connected.
3. Core – it is the metal or magnetic material placed inside the winding
of the transformer to intensify the induction process of the
transformer.
4. Bobbin – usually made of plastic materials, used to support the
primary and secondary windings.

Types of Transformers
1. Auto Transformer – consists of a single continuous winding that is
tapped to provide step-up or step-down function. In this type of
transformer, the primary and secondary windings are connected.
A. Step up Transformer – when an auto transformer is used as step-
up transformer, the entire primary winding is a part of the
secondary winding. More wire on the secondary side causes the
voltage to be stepped up and current stepped down.
B. Step down Transformer – When used as a step-down transformer,
the primary is not part of the secondary winding. Less wire on
the secondary causes the voltage to be stepped down and current
up.

2. Isolation Transformer – when there are equal amounts of wire on

each side of the transformer, it becomes isolation transformer. These
isolate one section of a circuit from another, since there is no direct
electrical connection. It is not directly connected to the main power
source, thus reducing the chance of electric shock to the user.
Another advantage of isolated secondary winding is that if any DC is
present in the primary winding, it is automatically blocked at the
form of winding.

28
Inductor and Transformer Troubles
Inductor
Like other devices, inductors also run into various problems. The most
common is that of an open winding. Acting as a power source its
characteristics are similar to a conductor, the inductor can be checked
through continuity check using an ohmmeter.
Transformer
Another possible trouble is a short circuit across the primary and
secondary windings. This occurs when excessive current flows in the
primary winding, thus burning it out. Since both windings utilize the same
bobbin, it is possible that the insulation coating for both windings will get
burned out, thus causing a short circuit.

Testing of Transformer
A transformer is checked for continuity just
like wire.
3. Set the ohmmeter range in x10 ohms.

4. Attach the test probes (any direction)

to the terminal of the primary winding.
The pointer should deflect.

1. Set the ohmmeter range in x1 ohm.

2. Attach the test probes (any direction)

to the terminal of the secondary
winding. The pointer should deflect.

Defective Transformer
1. Resistance of the primary or
secondary winding is very low that the
pointer almost rest as zero ohm, the
transformer winding is SHORTED.
2. The resistance of the primary and
secondary winding is very high that
the pointer does not deflect at all
(infinite resistance). The transformer
winding is OPEN.

29
REFERENCES

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. –

Simple Electronics pages 129-132 and 233-234

E. Tabbada, V. Manantan, D. Atas, E. Callo, A. Nolasco – Technology

and Home Economics page 281

i2.wp.com/www.electronicsandyou.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/0
7/different-types-of-inductors.jpg?resize=768%2C432

WORKSHEET 1
Direction: Search for the picture of different types of inductor and
types of transformer, paste it below and explain the function of it in
your own words.
Name: _______________________ Gr. & Sec: ________Score: ____________

Teacher: _____________________School: ___________Date: _____________

30
 REMEMBER

 In inductor, it is also a device or component that stores electrical energy.

Inductance refers to the ability of a conductor to induce a voltage when
the current value varies.
 Transformer are used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to
another.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. An electronic device basically a coil of wire that may or may not be
wrapped around a core
A. Capacitor C. Resistor
B. Inductor D. Transformer
2. A part of transformer where the power source is connected.
A. Bobbin C. Primary Winding
B. Core D. Secondary Winding
3. Inductor value is measured in _______________.
A. Micro Farad C. Ohms
B. Micro Henry D. Pico Farad
4. It is the metal or magnetic material placed inside the winding of the
transformer to intensify the induction process of the transformer.
A. Bobbin C. Primary Winding
B. Core D. Secondary Winding
5. __________________ usually made of plastic materials, used to support
the primary and secondary windings.
A. Bobbin C. Primary Winding
B. Core D. Secondary Winding

31
 1.5.3. Diode, Transistor, Integrated
Circuit (IC) and Fuse

EXPECTATIONS:
1. Describe what is diode and transistor

2. Classify the types of diode and transistor

3. Conduct testing of diode and transistor

4. Define integrated circuit (IC) and fuse

5. Identify the advantages of IC technology

6. Distinguish the types of IC

7. Perform fuse testing

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Diode and transistor are semiconductor components. They are

electronic components that function differently depending on its purpose
and function in the circuit. In this lesson you will learn about diode and
transistor. The different types of those components and how to test if it is
in good condition.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Fill in the blanks

1. __________________ resist a rapid change in the current flow through
them because of the effects of the magnetic field they create as that
current flows.
2. A ________________ is a type of inductor made up of two or more coils
usually wound on some type of form.
3. When there are equal amounts of wire on each side of the
transformer, it becomes ______________ transformer.
4. An ______________ inductor which offers little inductance in a circuit
but does have a tick coil.
5. ________________________ is the output side of the transformer where
the load is connected.

32
TOPIC: DIODE and TRANSISTOR

Objectives:

1. Describe what is diode and transistor

2. Classify the types of diode and transistor
3. Conduct testing of diode and transistor

LEARNING CONTENT:
DIODE
Diode is a semi-conductor electronic device or component that permits
current to flow in only one direction and bars their passage in the other
direction. It has two terminals known as anode and cathode. Anode is the
positive terminal, the point of exit of electrons from a device to the external
circuit and it is connected to the negative point of the circuit. Cathode is
the negative terminal, the point of entry of electrons into a device from the
external circuit and it is connected to the positive point of the circuit. The
term diode and rectifier will be used interchangeably; however, the term
diode usually implies a small signal device with current typically in the
milliamp range and a rectifier, a power device, conducting from 1 to 1000
amps or even higher. Many diodes or rectifiers are identified as 1NXXXX.

Operation of Diodes
A. Forward Biased – when a DC voltage is applied to the cathode
(negative terminal), it will permit the flow of current. The diode is in
its active state.

B. Reverse Biased – when a DC voltage is applied to the anode (positive

terminal), it will not permit the flow of current. The diode becomes
insulator.

Forward Biased Reverse Biased

33
The conductivity of the diode depends on the polarity of the supply voltage.
It basically follows the Law of Attraction and Repulsion which states that
“like poles repel and unlike poles attract”. Thus, when the N-type material
is negative with respect to the P-type, electron flows easily from N to P then
it is called forward bias. When the battery or DC power supply is switched
so the N-type material is positive with respect to the P type, the situation
is called reverse bias.

Types of Diode
1. Rectifier Diode – a device used to convert
alternating current to direct current.

2. Zener Diode – was designed for limiting the

voltage across its terminals in reverse bias.
This diode is intended to operate at the
voltage, and so finds its greatest application as
a voltage regulator.

3. Light Emitting Diode (LED) – is a

semiconductor device specifically a pn
junction diode fabricated from materials that
emit light when forward bias. LEDs are
available in different color, size and shape.

a. Rectangular LED is the most effective for illuminating a legend by

directly backlighting a transparent character so that it will stand
out more broadly.
b. Tri-color LED is two different colored LEDs connected in reversed
polarity, parallel to each other, and in a single package. Normally,
one LED is on while the other is off.
c. Dual-color LED is a type internally has two separate anodes and
a common cathode. The LED has three terminals instead of usual
two. It is useful as it replaces two separate panel indicators with
the two color leads simultaneously available.
d. Flasher LED has a built-in IC within its structure. The chip acts
as a timer so that the current pulses through the LED causing the
light to flash three times per second.
e. Seven Segment LED contains an individual LED. When a suitable
voltage is applied to a given segment LED, current flows through
and illuminates that segment LED. By choosing which segments
to illuminate, any of the nine digits can be shown.
f. Infrared LED is light that a range of wavelengths greater than the
visible light. Therefore, this LED can produce light but invisible
light. The biasing is similar to regular LED.

4. Photodiode is a pn junction device that operates in reverse bias. The

photodiode has a small transparent window that allows light to
strike the pn junction.

34
5. Schottky Diode are used primarily in high-frequency and fast switching
applications. They are also known as hot carrier diodes.
6. Laser diode normally emits coherent light, whereas the LED emits
incoherent light.
7. Varactor Diode – is also variable-capacitance diode because the junction
capacitance varies with the amount of reverse bias voltage. Varactors
are specifically designed to take advantage of this variable-capacitance
characteristics.

Testing of Diode
As with the most electronic components, physical damage is the first sign
to look for in a diode. Some good signs of a damaged diode are a burned
cracked diode, a spot that looks like a blister (like a small cigarette burn
sometimes). Some diode will even be split in two. You can also look for a
burnt smell coming from the diode. This is a nasty smell; you can’t miss
it. If there are no physical signs, you will have to test it. If your multimeter
has diode testing mode, then this will be very easy.

1. Rectifier Diode

A. Set the ohmmeter range in x1 or x10.

Connect the positive probes of the tester to
the anode (A) of the diode and negative probe
to the cathode (K) of diode. There should be
no deflection or infinite resistance.

B. Reverse the test probe. Connect the positive

to cathode (K) and negative probe to anode
(A). The tester should deflect but not rest at
zero ohm.

Defective Diode
1. The tester pointer won’t deflect even the test probe is reverse. The
diode is OPEN.
2. The tester pointer deflects and measures the same in both directions.
The diode is SHORTED.

35
 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Do the same steps as that of the rectifier diode. But instead of monitoring
the pointer of the tester, the LED itself can be used as tester by
connecting the positive probe of the tester to the negative terminal lead
of the LED. (x1 ohm setting). If the light glows, obviously the LED is
good, if it don’t, the LED is defective. (Make sure that the Multitester and
battery are in good condition).

Step 1 Step 2

TRANSISTOR
The word transistor is a combination or contraction of “Current-
Transferring Resistor”. Transistor is a device consisting of semiconductor
materials like germanium and silicon which is used as detector, amplifier,
oscillator or switch. The transistor was developed at Bell Laboratories in
1948.
Basically, transistors are made of two back to back diodes in reverse series.
You can’t normally connect two diodes this way and get a working
transistor, but the analogy is good for modelling the behaviour of bipolar
transistor.
Types of Transistor
1. Bipolar Transistor – having 2 junctions, are 3
terminal semiconductor devices. The three
terminals are emitter, collector and base. A
transistor can be either NPN or PNP.

A. NPN Transistor – the base is formed by the

connection of two anodes. The emitter is one of
the cathodes and the collector is the other
cathode.

36
 B. PNP Transistor – the base is formed by the
connection of the two cathodes. The emitter is
one of the anodes, and collector is the other
anode.

Note:

• The arrow points where the negative is.

• The supply is connected to the emitter and collector.

2. Field Effect Transistor (FET)

A. MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used for
switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic
devices. The MOSFET is a core of integrated circuit and it can be
designed and fabricated in a single chip because of these very small
sizes. The MOSFET is a four-terminal device with source(S), gate (G),
drain (D) and body (B) terminals. The body of the MOSFET is
frequently connected to the source terminal so making it a three-
terminal device like field effect transistor. The MOSFET is very far
the most common transistor and can be used in both analog and
digital circuits.

Testing of Transistor
There are some physical signs to look for in a transistor which will indicate
if it needs to be replaced. Some signs are a crack on the body of the
transistor, a burnt transistor, a blister or any other sign such as a burnt
smell.
1. Bipolar Transistor
A. Identify the transistor if NPN or PNP transistor.
B. Set the ohmmeter range to x1.
C. If NPN transistor, connect the negative test probe to the base
(middle terminal) and positive test probe in emitter (side with low
resistance). The pointer should deflect.
D. Connect the negative test probe to the base (middle terminal) and
positive test probe in collector (side with higher resistance than
the emitter). The pointer should deflect.

37
 E. If PNP transistor, connect the positive test probe to the base
(middle terminal) and negative test probe in emitter (side with low
resistance). The pointer should deflect.
F. Connect the positive test probe to the base (middle terminal) and
negative test probe in collector (side with higher resistance than
the emitter). The pointer should deflect.

Good Condition
The resistance of base to emitter is lower than the resistance of base to
collector. The transistor is in good condition.
Defective Transistor
1. The two terminals of the transistor read the same resistance (almost
zero ohm reading) in both directions, the transistor is SHORTED.
2. The tester pointer does not deflect at all in all terminal, the transistor
is OPEN.

REFERENCES

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. –

Simple Electronics pages 148-159 and 223-229

Ebonite, Romeo – Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K-12

Oriented page 211-217

Pictures:
michaelsharris.com/electronics/images/pnjunction.gif

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/02/13/44/components-
24531_960_720.png

pixabay.com/photo/2017/01/31/17/09/diode-
2025636_960_720.png

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/10/04/19/31/led-
1715226_960_720.png

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/09/04/08/01/transitsor-
3653182_960_720.png

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/24/12/47/transistor-
39875_960_720.png

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/24/12/47/transistor-
39876_960_720.png

elprocus.com/mosfet-as-a-switch-circuit-diagram-free-circuits/

38
WORKSHEET 1
Direction: Compare and contrast the diode and transistor.
Name: ________________________ Gr. & Sec: __________ Score: ____________

Teacher: ______________________ School: _____________ Date: _____________

DIODE

SIMILARITIES

TRANSISTOR

39
 REMEMBER

 Diode is a semi-conductor electronic device or component that permits

current to flow in only one direction and bars their passage in the other
direction.
 Transistor is a device consisting of semiconductor materials like
germanium and silicon which is used as detector, amplifier, oscillator
or switch.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. A device used to convert alternating current to direct current.
A. Laser Diode C. Rectifier Diode
B. LED D. Varactor
2. A semi-conductor electronic device or component that permits current
to flow in only one direction and bars their passage in the other direction
A. Capacitor C. Resistor
B. Diode D. Transistor
3. _______________ is a device consisting of semiconductor materials like
germanium and silicon which is used as detector, amplifier, oscillator or
switch.
A. Capacitor C. Resistor
B. Diode D. Transistor
4. It is a semiconductor device specifically a pn junction diode fabricated
from materials that emit light.
A. Laser Diode C. Rectifier Diode
B. LED D. Varactor
5. __________________ is a semiconductor device which is widely used for
switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic devices.
A. Bipolar Transistor C. NPN Transistor
B. MOSFET D. PNP Transistor

40
TOPIC: INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) and FUSE

Objectives:

1. Define integrated circuit (IC) and fuse

2. Identify the advantages of IC technology
3. Distinguish the types of IC
4. Perform testing of fuse

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

In this lesson you will learn about integrated circuit. The different
types of integrated circuit and advantage of IC Technology. You will also
learn about fuse; how does it work in your circuit.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction: Identify the following electronic components below.

1.

4.

2.

5.
3.

41
LEARNING CONTENT:
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
It is an electronic device or component that is composed of two or
more components integrated in one package. It contains
transistors, diode, resistors and capacitors, along with their
interconnecting electrical conductors, processed on the contained
entirely within a single chip of silicon.
The advantage in making an electronic circuit in integrated rather
than discrete form: small size, low cost and high reliability.
Advantages of IC Technology
1. Compactness – it is designed to economize space.
2. High Speed – the interconnections among the components within an
IC are physically tiny, making high switching speed possible.
3. Low Power Consumption – they use less power than equivalent
discrete component circuits. It produces less heat which therefore
translates into better efficiency.
4. Reliability – IC circuit fail less often, per component hour of use than
systems that use discrete components.
5. Ease of Maintenance – repair procedures are simplified when failures
occur. Many appliances use sockets for ICs, and replacement is
simply a matter of finding the faulty IC, unplugging it and plugging
a new one.
6. Modular Construction – in this scheme, individual ICS perform
defined functions within a circuit board; the circuit board or card, in
turn fits into a socket and has specific purpose.

Despite the amazing advantages of ICs, and capabilities that continue to

broaden each year and displace more and more discrete electronic
components, ICs still have limitations comparatively low power, low voltage
and a limited selection of components that can be integrated economically.
1. Medium Scale Integration (MSI) – refers to ICs having 10 to 100 gates.
2. Large-Scale Integration (LSI) – refers to ICs having more than 100
gates.
3. Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) – refers to IC having more than
1000 gates.

Types of Integrated Circuit (IC)

1. Linear IC – it is used to process analog signals such as voices, music
and radio transmission. Examples: Operational Amplifier or op amp,
Op Amp differentiator, Op Amp Integrator, Voltage Regulator IC,
Timer IC, Multiplexer IC, Comparator IC.

42
 A. IC 78XX - is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage
regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used
in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to
their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the 78xx family,
the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for
example, the 7805 has a 5-volt output, while the 7812 produces
12 volts). The 78xx line are positive voltage regulators: they
produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground.

2. Digital IC / Digital Logic IC – it operates using two discrete states;

High (logic 1) and Low (logic 00. It contains massive arrays of logic
gates that perform Boolean operations at high speed. Examples
Transistor-Transistor Logic or TTL, Emitter-coupled logic or ECL and
Metal-oxide semiconductor logic.

3. Memory IC – binary digital data, in the form of high and low levels
(logic ones and zeros), can be stored in memory ICs. The data can be
easily changed and stored back in RAM. It takes various physical
forms such as:
A. Random Access Memory (RAM) Chip – which is sometimes called
read/write memory. It is categorized into dynamic RAM (SRAM)
and static RAM (SRAM).
B. Read-only Memory (ROM) Chip – which can be easily accessed, in
whole or in part, but not easily written over. Example: Erasable-
programmable ROM (EPROM) chip which is an IC whose memory
is of the lead only type, but that can be reprogrammed by a certain
procedure.

FUSE
It is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from
the effect of excessive current. Its essential component is
usually a strip of metal that will melt at a given temperature.
A fuse is designed that the strip of metal can easily be placed
in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceeds a
predetermined value, the fusible metal will melt and thus
break, or open the circuit.
A fuse is usually rated in amperes which represents the maximum
continues current it could handle without blowing.
The most popular type with the “G” indicates a glass material and “A”
indicates that intended for automotive applications. A 3AG fuse measures
approximately 32mm x 6mm.

43
Testing of Fuse
In testing a fuse, there are some physical signs to look for in a fuse which
will indicate if it needs to be replaced. Some signs are busted filament,
burnt color of fuse and broken fuse.

Here are the steps in testing using

multitester.
1. Set your multitester to ohmmeter range
x1. Don’t forget to calibrate your
multitester after selecting ohmmeter
range x1.

2. Connect the test probes in any

direction because fuse doesn’t have
polarity. The tester pointer should
deflect and has a low resistance
reading.

Good Condition
Fuse is in good condition if the tester pointer deflects and it has a low
resistance reading but not rest in 0 ohm.
Defective Fuse
1. The tester pointer doesn’t deflect at all, the fuse is OPEN.

REFERENCES

Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T. and Lasala, Rommel M. –

Simple Electronics pages 195 and 215

Ebonite, Romeo – Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K-12

Oriented page 217-218

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78xx

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/10/06/20/04/diode-
1719908_960_720.png

cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/14/13/34/integrated-
33952_960_720.png

44
WORKSHEET 1
Direction: Read the following question carefully and write your answer
on the space provided.
Name: ______________________ Gr. & Sec: ________Score: ____________

Teacher: ____________________ School: ___________Date: _____________

1. Explain how does integrated circuit (IC) works. Cite application of

IC in electronic technology.

2. Do you see any application of fuse at your house? How does it

works?

45
 REMEMBER

Integrated Circuit is a complete electronic circuit, containing

transistor, diodes, resistors and capacitors and more. The advantage in
making an electronic circuit in integrated rather than discrete form: small
size, low cost and high reliability.
A fuse is a piece of soft wire that melts, breaking a circuit if the
current exceeds a certain level. It is placed in series with the transformer
primary.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction:
List down the following:
Advantages of IC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Types of IC
7.
8.
9.
Identification
It is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of
excessive current. 10. ___________________

46
 POST TEST

Direction: Classify the following electronics that are under active and
passive electronic components.
RESISTOR DIODE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
TRANSISTOR CAPACITOR INDUCTORS

ACTIVE ELECTRONIC PASSIVE ELECTRONIC

COMPONENT COMPONENT

Direction: List down the color in resistor color coding chart / table in
correct order.
1. 5. 9. 13. No Color
2. 6. 10
3. 7. 11.
4. 8. 12.

Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. ______________ refers to the ability of a capacitor to store electrical
energy.
A. Capacitance C. Inductance
B. Capacitor D. Inductor

2. Inductor value is measured in _______________.

A. Micro Farad C. Ohms
B. Micro Henry D. Pico Farad
3. _____________ has the capability to charge and discharge voltage.
A. Capacitance C. Inductance
B. Capacitor D. Inductor

47
4. ________________ are basically a coil of wire that may or may not wrapped
around a core.
A. Capacitors C. Inductors
B. Diodes D. Transformers

5. It is the metal or magnetic material placed inside the winding of the

transformer to intensify the induction process of the transformer.
A. Bobbin C. Primary Winding
B. Core D. Secondary Winding
6. A ______________ is a type of inductor made up of two or more coils
usually wound on some type of form.
A. Capacitors C. Inductors
B. Diodes D. Transformers
7. __________________ usually made of plastic materials, used to support
the primary and secondary windings.
A. Bobbin C. Primary Winding
B. Core D. Secondary Winding
8-10. Identify the names of the following electronic components.
Choices:
Capacitor
Transformer
Inductor
Resistor

Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

48
Direction: Match the electronic components. Draw a line to match
the correct electronic components.

G. Zener Diode

H. Photodiode

I. MOSFET

A. Transistor

B. LED

C. Rectifier Diode

D. Integrated Circuit

E. Transistor

F. Fuse

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 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

I learned that…
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LET’S DO THE CHECKING

ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST
1-2. Active, Passive 6. Bigger 10. Silver
3. Resistor 7. Lesser
4. Fixed Resistor 8. Metal Film
5. Power 9. Gold
Components Identificatio
1. Electrolytic Capacitor
2. Air Core Inductor
3. Transformer
4. Inductor
5. Ceramic Capacitor

50
TRUE or FALSE
1. F 6. T
2. T 7. T
3. T 8. F
4. F 9. T
5. F 10. T

POST TEST

ACTIVE ELECTRONIC PASSIVE ELECTRONIC

COMPONENT COMPONENT
IC Resistor
Transistor Capacitor
Diode Inductor

1. Black 7. Blue
2. Brown 8. Violet
3. Red 9. Gray
4. Orange 10. White
5. Yellow 11. Gold
6. Green 12. Silver

Multiple Choice
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. Capacitor
9. Inductor
10. Transformer

51
52
 A. Zener Diode

B. Photodiode

C. MOSFET

D. Transistor

E. LED

F. Rectifier Diode

G. Integrated Circuit

H. Capacitor

I. Fuse

53
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This module was outlined based on the Most Essential Learning

Competencies (MELC) for S.Y. 2020-2021, the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum Guide, Learning Continuity Plan (LCP) for EPAS and Training
Regulation of TESDA for Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing NC II.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer: Catherine P. Pablo,ERVHS/SHS EPAS Coordinator

Editor: Dr. Ariel D. Tosio, EPS – TLE-TE / VOC

Reviewer/Validator: Rufo G. Malla, ERVHS/ HT-VI

Illustrator: Catherine P. Pablo,ERVHS/SHS EPAS Coordinator

Layout Artist: Catherine P. Pablo,ERVHS/SHS EPAS Coordinator

Management Team: Malcolm S. Gamma, Regional Director

Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief

Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in charge of

LMS and Regional ADM Coordinator

Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, SDS

Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID

Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS In-charge of LRMS

and Division ADM Coordinator

54