BASIC COMPLEX NUMBERS

1) Express the following as complex numbers.

a) (3 + 5i) + (7 + 2i), b) (3 + 2i) + (1 2i), c) (3 2i) + ( 3 2i),
d) (3 + 5i) (7 + 2i), e) (3 + 2i) (1 2i), f) (3 2i) ( 3 2i),
g) (3 + 5i) × (7 + 2i), h) (3 + 2i) × (1 2i), i) (3 2i) × (3 + 2i).

2) Divide the following by multiplying throughout by the complex conjugate of the denominator. Express
each answer in the form a + bi.
3 + i 3 + i 3 4i
a) , b) , c) , d) ,
4 + 3i 4 3i 2 + i 4 + i
2 2i
e) .
3 2i

3) For each of the following, solve to find the real numbers x and y.
a) 3 + 5i + x yi = 6 2i, b) x + yi = (1 i)(2 + 8i),
2 + 5i
c) x + yi = , d) x + yi = (4 + i)2.
1 i

4) i) Find the value of the real number y such that (3 + 2i) × (1 + yi) is real.
ii) Find the value of the real number y such that (3 + 2i) × (1 + yi) is imaginary.

5) Find the square-roots of the following.

a) 5 + 12i, b) 3 4i, c) 21 20i, d) 2i.

6) Solve the following equations.

a) x2 + 6x + 10 = 0, b) x2 + x + 1 = 0, c) 2x2 + 7x + 1 = 0,
d) x2 + 9 = 0, e) x2 + x + 3 = 0, f) x4 1 = 0 {Hint: factorise.}

7) One root of a quadratic equation with real coefficients is z = 1 + 2i, find the equation.

8) One root of a quadratic equation with real coefficients is z = 2 + i, find the equation.

9) One root of a quadratic equation with real coefficients is z = 1 3i, find the equation.

10) Given that x = 2 is a solution of the equation x3 4x2 + 6x 4 = 0, find the other two roots.

11) Given that x = 1 is a solution of the equation x3 7x2 + 19x 13 = 0, find the other two roots.

12) The (complex) equation z2 + (a + bi)z (9 + 23i) = 0 has a root 3 + i. Find the real numbers a and b.

13) The (complex) equation z2 + (a + bi)z 5(1 + 5i) = 0 has a root 3 + 2i. Find the real numbers a and b.

*14) The equation x3 3x2 + x + 5 = 0 has a root 2 + i. Find the other two roots.

{Hint: i) z = 2 + i being a root z* = 2 i is a root,

ii) find a quadratic equation with roots 2 + i and 2 i as in Q7,
iii) now use long division to find the 3rd root!}

www.mathsguru.co.uk
*15) The equation z3 11z + 20 = 0 has a root 2 i. Find the other two roots.

16) Represent the following complex numbers by lines on Argand diagrams. Determine the modulus and
argument of each complex number.
a) 3 2i, b) 4 + i, c) 3 4i, d) 5 + 12i, e) 1 i, f) 1 + i,
g) 4, h) 2i, i) 1 + i.

17) If z1 = 3 i, z2 = 1 + 4i, z3 = 4 + i, z4 = 2 5i, represent the following by lines on Argand

diagrams, showing the direction of each line by an arrow.
a) z1 + z2, b) z2 z3, c) z1 z3, d) z2 + z4, e) z4 z1, f) z3 z4.

18) For each complex number in 1) a), b) and c), find the modulus and argument of the conjugate complex
number. {Draw Argand diagrams!}
What conclusion can you reach concerning the moduli and arguments of conjugate complex numbers?

19) Express the following complex numbers in the form r(cos + i sin ).
a) 1 + i, b) 3 i, c) 3 4i, d) 5 + 12i, e) 2 i,
f) 6, g) 3, h) 4i, i) 3 3 i, j) 24 + 7i.

20) Express the following in the form z = a + bi.

a) 2 ( cos 6 + i sin 6 ) , [
b) 3 cos( 4 ) + i sin( 4 )] , c) cos 23 + i sin 23 ,
d) 3(cos 0 + isin 0), e) 2 ( cos + i sin ) , f) 2 ( cos 2 + i sin 2 ) .

21) If z1 = 2 [ cos 23 + i sin 23 ] and z2 = 6 [ cos 3

4 + i sin 3
4 ], find
z1 z1 z2 z2
a) , b) arg , c) , d) arg
z2 z2 z1 z1

22) The complex numbers z and w are given by z = 2 + 3 i and w = 2 3 i.

i) Represent z and w on an Argand diagram.

z
ii) Find |z| and |w| and hence find .
w
z
iii) Find arg (z) and arg (w) and hence find arg .
w
2 + 3i
Hence express the complex number in modulus, argument form.
2 3i

23) Given that z1 = 1 + i and z2 = 3 + i, find the following complex numbers in modulus, argument form.
z z
a) z1, b) z2, c) z1 × z2, d) 1 , e) 2 .
z2 z1

24) Given that z1 = 1 + i and z2 = 1 3 i, find the following complex numbers in modulus, argument
form.
z1 z2
a) z1, b) z2, c) z1 × z2, d) , e) , f) z22.
z2 z1

www.mathsguru.co.uk
25) If z1 = 4 [ cos 1324 + i sin 1324 ] and z2 = 2 [ cos 524 + i sin 524 ] , express the following complex numbers in
z
the form a + bi. a) 1 , b) z1 × z2.
z2

26) If z = cos 4 + i sin 4 , draw on an Argand diagram, points representing the complex numbers z, z2, z3
and z4.

27) If z = cos 6 + i sin 6 , draw on an Argand diagram, points representing the complex numbers z, z2, z3
z4, z5 and z6.

28) Given that (5 + 12i)z = 7 + 17i, express z in the form a + bi and hence find |z| and arg (z).
z
Given also that w = 2 ( cos 6 + i sin 6 ) , find i) and ii) arg (zw).
w

29) Given that (5 + 12i)z = 4 + 58i, find |z| and arg (z), giving your answers to 3 significant figures.
z
Given also that w = 2 ( cos 6 + i sin 6 ) , find i) and ii) arg (zw).
w

www.mathsguru.co.uk
ANSWERS.
1) a) 10 + 7i, b) 4, c) 4i, d) 4 + 3i, e) 2 + 4i, f) 6, g) 11 + 41i, h) 7 4i, i) 13.
2) a) ( 53 ) ( 15 )i, b) ( 259 ) + ( 1325 )i, c) ( 65 ) ( 35 )i, d) ( 174 ) + ( 1716 )i, e) ( 1013 ) ( 132 )i.
3) a) x = 3, y = 7. b) x = 10, y = 6. c) x = 23 , y = 72 , d) x = 15, y = 8.
4) i) y = 23 , ii) y = 23 .
5) a) 3 + 2i or 3 2i, b) 2 i or 2 + i, c) 5 2i or 5 + 2i, d) 1 + i or 1 i.
6) a) x = 3 ± i, b) x = 21 ± 21 3 i , c) x = 74 ± 41 41 i , d) x = ±3i, e) x = 21 ± 21 11 i ,
f) x = 1, 1, i, i.
7) z2 2z + 5 = 0.
8) z2 4z + 5 = 0.
9) z2 2z + 10 = 0.
10) x = 1 + i or x = 1 i.
11) x = 3 + 2i or x = 3 2i.
12) a = 2, b = 5.
13) a = 2, b = 3.
14) Roots 2 + i, 2 i, 1.
15) Roots 2 i, 2 + i, 4.
16) a) r = 13 , = 0 588, b) r = 17 , = 2 897, c) r = 5, = 2.214, d) r = 13, = 1 176,
3
e) r = 2 , = 4 , f) r = 2 , = 4 , g) r = 4, = 0, h) r = 2, = 2 , i) r = 2 , = 4.
18) a) r = 13 , = 0 588, b) r = 17 , = 2 897, c) r = 5, = 2 214.
(
19) a) 2 ( cos 4 + i sin 4 ) , b) 2 cos( 6 ) + i sin( 6 ) , c) 5[cos ( 2 214) + isin ( 2 214)], )
d) 13(cos 1 966 + isin 1 966), e) 5 [cos ( 0 464) + isin ( 0 464)], f) 6(cos 0 + isin 0),
(
g) 3(cos + isin ), h) 4 ( cos 2 + i sin 2 ) , i) 2 3 cos( 56 ) + i sin( 56 ) , j) 25(cos 0 284 + isin 0 284). )
20) a) 3 + i , b) 3
2
3
2
i , c) 1
2 + 2
3
i , d) 3, e) 2, f) 2i.
17 17
21) a) 13 , b) 12 , c) 3, d) 12 .
z z
22) ii) |z| = 7 , |w| = 7,
= 1. iii) arg (z) = 0 714, arg (w) = 0 714, arg = 1 427.
w w
cos(1 427) + isin(1 427).
23) a) 2 ( cos 4 + i sin 4 ) , b) 2 ( cos 6 + i sin 6 ) , c) 2 2 ( cos 512 + i sin 512 ) , d) 12 (cos 12 + i sin 12 ) ,
e) (
2 cos( 12 ) + i sin( 12 )) .
24) a) 2 ( cos 4 + i sin 4 ) , b) 2 cos( ( 3 ) )) , c) 2 2 (cos( 12 ) + i sin( 12 )) ,
+ i sin( 3

d) 1
2
(cos 712 + i sin 712 ) , e) 2 (cos( 712 ) + i sin ( 712 )) , f) 4 ( cos( 23 ) + i sin( 23 )) .
25) a) 1 + 3 i, b) 8
2
+ 8
2
i.
28) z = 1 + i, |z| = 2 , arg (z) = 4 . i) 1
2
, ii) 5
12 .
29) z = 4 + 2i, |z| = 20 , arg (z) =0 464. i) 5 , ii) 0 987.

www.mathsguru.co.uk