Reduction of Slums

PROBLEM STATEMENT
To reduce the poverty and eliminating the slums in India by understanding he

concept that each slum is unique and carrying out rural improvement program.
NEED FOR RESEARCH

India, being a very beautiful country and it’s on the way to become a developed
country, must need to carry program for slum elimination.
 Slums have intolerable housing conditions frequently including tenure

insecurity, lack of basic services and infrastructure, inadequate and
unsafe structure, overcrowding and location on hazardous land.
 A person who has a very low income and comes under BPL (below
poverty line) lives in slums. “Mumbai” is worst with greater number
of population living in slums is a DARK SPOT on India. “Dharavi”
(in Mumbai) considered as a world’s biggest slum area. It hampers to
the development of country as a whole.
 The slum areas are very dirty and unhygienic and hence, a number of
diseases will pamper from it and spread to other areas.
 The main drawback is that India being such a good “tourist point”, it
looks bad when foreigners come to India and visit such places. This
present the negative image of Indian tourist places in the international
market.
 Slums areas are characterized by high concentrations of social and

economic deprivation. As a result, the people living in slums are
extremely vulnerable to the impact of disasters and have few choices
and resources for reducing their vulnerability.
REASONS
 Rapid rural urban migration: In developing country’s agriculture

has a decline by 20% to 30%. This causes, people lived in rural areas
frequently moved to urban areas to earn their livelihood and because
there is less space and comparatively expensive to live in a city. These
people are forced to live in slums. That’s become the reason of
increasing number of slums.
 Circular migration: People move back and forth between urban and
rural places to take advantage of income earning opportunities.
Temporary migrants can cause large size/swings in population size.
Very often temporary migrants do no have place to live in and are
forced to occupy illegal settlements.
 Lack of secure tenure: it’s a primary reason why slums persist.

Without secure tenure, slum dwellers have a few ways and little
incentives to improve their surroundings. Secure tenure is often a
precondition for access to other economic and social opportunities,
including credit, public services and livelihood opportunities.
 Around the world, an estimated 20 million to 40 million urban

families are homeless, some because they have been evicted and some
because they cannot afford any housing, even illegally.
REDUCTION OF SLUMS
Slums is a vicious cycle of population growth, opportunities in the cities leading to
migration in the cities, poverty with low incomes, tending to be closer to work,
hence occupying any land in the vicinity etc. leading to slums.
URBAN SLUMS BECOME A SOCIAL CHALENGE.

It’s more than just the difference in wages and standard of living. Instead of
clearing slums India should use them for its poverty reduction strategy. India
should understand that high rises and shopping malls do not cater to the masses.
Cities like Delhi – instead of copying western city models blindly should be
developed on the basis of their own uniqueness. India has not studied city building
and how to tailor it in accordance with its needs. It has been looking abroad like
the US for its city model which other countries have done. But one has to
understand that things like high rises and malls cater a small margin of Indians and
not the masses.
One of the solutions in effective city building understands the concept that each
slum is unique. People who migrate to a city are risk takers and creative lot. They
find ways of surviving.
Instead of clearing such unorganized settlements, if they are established, the

settlers can be used to develop that part of the city into a lower middle class and
late into a middle class society. India will progress better if it focused on the
traditional way of building cities and solving its main problems.
LITERATURE REVIEW
REDUCTION OF SLUMS
It is a paradox that the number of homeless, squatters and slum dwellers in India
cities is increasing in proportion to public housing programmed (Jain, 1999).
Slums arise from poor people needs to find affordable and accessible housing.
Slums conditions are worsened by economic decline, increasing inequality, loss of
formal sector job rapid immigration, and poor governance (Annan, 2003). It was
realized with a poignant acuteness that the drab, unsavory and unhealthy
conditions under which so many of our people have spend their lives, were not
only a great drawback to our working efficiency, but a real danger to the state
(Addison, 2009). More than 900 million people can be classified as slum dwellers,
most living in under life and health threatening circumstances (Garau, Sclar,
Carolini, and sach, 2005). Illegal slum communities, populated by millions of
people, have enveloped major cities in the global south that are unable to respond
adequately to the burgeoning demands of urban growth (Kramer, 2006). The
Addams area is one of the oldest slums in Chicago and researchers have invaded it
almost as often as new minority groups (Suttles, 1970). The experience of walking
through the slums and seeing hundreds of thousands of squatters in destitute
poverty is devastating (Grigg, 2004). The near north side is an area of high light
and shadow, of vivid contrasts-contrasts not only between the old and new,
between the native and foreign, but between wealth and poverty, vice and
respectability (Zorbaugh and Chudacoff, 1983). A major underlying factor in
high level of under five morbidities and morality in the country, more so in urban
slums is under nutrition (Mishra, Midula and Srivastava, 2004). The slums is not
only a manifesto of misannged urban plnning in the countries of south. The
existence of slums worldwide is also a sign that a slum is crucial element of
contemporary urbanization (Bolay, 2006).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Addison, H.C. (2009). The Betrayal of the Slums. BiblioBazaar.
 Annan, K. (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human

Settlement. Earthscan Publication Ltd.
 Bolay, J.C. (2006). Slums and Urban Development: Questions on Society

and Globalisation. European Journal of Development Research.
 Garau, P., Sclar, E.D., Carolini, G. and Sach, J.D. (2005). A Home in the
City.
 Grigg, V. (2004). Companion to the Poor: Christ in the Urban Slums.

Authentic and World Vision.
 Jain, A.K. (1999). Urban housing and Slums. New Delhi. Readworthy
publications.
 Kramer, M. (2006). Dispossessed: Life in Our World’s Urban Slums. New

York. Orbis Books.
 Mishra, C.P., Mridula, D. and Srivastava, P. (2004). Urban Slums of

Varanasi. Banaras. Banaras Hindu University, Deptt. Of Community
Medium.
 Suttles, G.D. (1970). The Social order of the Slum. Chicago. University of
Chicago Press.
 Zorbaugh, H.W. and Chaudacoff, H.P. (1983). The Gold Coast and the
Slum. Chicago. University of Chicago Press.
FACULTY OF
MANAGEMENT STUDIES
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PROJECT REPORT
REDUCTION OF SLUMS
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms. Anandita Chatterjee Rao Preeti Chaudhary
Samriti Malik
Radha Chawla
Rifaqat Farukh
Nupur Chugh
Vinod
(Section: “C”)

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

To reduce the poverty and eliminating the slums in India by understanding he

NEED FOR RESEARCH

 Slums have intolerable housing conditions frequently including tenure

 Slums areas are characterized by high concentrations of social and

 Rapid rural urban migration: In developing country’s agriculture

 Lack of secure tenure: it’s a primary reason why slums persist.

 Around the world, an estimated 20 million to 40 million urban

URBAN SLUMS BECOME A SOCIAL CHALENGE.

Instead of clearing such unorganized settlements, if they are established, the

 Annan, K. (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human

 Bolay, J.C. (2006). Slums and Urban Development: Questions on Society

 Grigg, V. (2004). Companion to the Poor: Christ in the Urban Slums.

 Kramer, M. (2006). Dispossessed: Life in Our World’s Urban Slums. New

 Mishra, C.P., Mridula, D. and Srivastava, P. (2004). Urban Slums of

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

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