Test 2 Moment of Force (Total 6 questions, Total 20 marks)

1) Refer Figure 1. A rod of length 80 cm is pivoted at 20 cm mark (at O). If AO = OP = PQ = QB = 20

cm, find the resultant torque caused by the four forces shown in the diagram. (3 marks)

2) Refer Figure 2. Find the resultant moment of force. (3 marks)

3) Refer Figure 3. Two masses 4 kg and 3 kg, are suspended at the two extreme ends of a massless
meter rule, pivoted at the mid-point. Find the net torque produced by the suspended masses. (g
= 10 m/s2). (3 marks)

4) Refer Figure 4. Rod OQ of length 80 cm, is pivoted at point O, such that it is free to rotate about
point O. A body of mass 10 kg is suspended at point Q. To keep the rod OQ in horizontal
position, what force should be applied at point P? (Given OP = 40 cm and g = 10 m/s 2). (3 marks)

5) Refer Figure 5. We have a wheel of diameter 40 cm, such that OA = OB = OC = OD = 20 cm. The
wheel is pivoted at point O and it is free to rotate about point O. Four tangential forces (as
shown in the figure) are applied at points A, B, C and D respectively. Find
a) Resultant moment of force (3 marks)
b) The direction of rotation of the wheel due to the above resultant moment of force (1 mark)
c) What will you do to bring the wheel to equilibrium position? (g = 10 m/s2). (2 marks)

6) A driver rotates the steering wheel (diameter 50 cm) of a truck towards right by applying two
forces each of magnitude 2 N. Calculate net torque. (2 marks)

End of Test
 Test 3 Moment of Force (Total 6 questions, Total 14 marks)

1) The beam of a beam balance is 40 cm in length and is pivoted at its mid-point. Raj puts 20 kg
tomato on the left pan, and 21 kg potato on the right pan. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find resultant moment
of force. (2 marks)

2) A see-saw of length 200 cm is pivoted at its mid-point. On the left-side arm, a boy X (mass 50 kg)
sits at a distance 10 cm from the left edge. To balance the see-saw, a man Y (mass 90 kg) sits on
the right-side arm at a distance “d” from the edge of the right arm. Find d. (g = 10 m/s 2) (3
marks)

3) The moment of couple produced in a steering wheel by two forces of magnitude 5 N each is 3
Nm. Find the radius of the steering wheel. (2 marks)

4) A uniform massless meter rule is pivoted at 60 cm mark. A body P of mass 200 grams is
suspended at 60 cm mark, and another body Q of mass 400 gram is suspended at 100 cm mark.
Find the resultant torque. (g = 10 m/s 2) (2 marks)

5) A sea-saw is of length 2 m, with its fulcrum (or pivot) at the mid-point. Child A (mass 20 kg) sits
on one extreme end, while Child B (mass 10 kg) sits on the other extreme end. Your mass is 25
kg. Where will you sit on the see-saw to balance it? (g = 10 m/s 2) (3 marks)

6) The beam AB of a beam balance is 100 cm in length and is pivoted at point O such that OB is 60
cm. Two objects P and Q of mass 50 kg each are placed on the left and the right pan respectively.
Find the resultant moment of force. (g = 10 m/s 2). (2 marks)

End of Test
 Test 4 Moment of Force (Total 5 questions, Total 14 marks)

1) The beam AB of a beam balance is 100 cm in length and is pivoted at point O such that OB is 40
cm. Two objects P and Q of mass 10 kg each are placed on the left and the right pan respectively.
What will you do to make the beam AB horizontal? (g = 10 m/s 2). (3 marks)

2) A uniform massless meter rule is pivoted at its mid-point. A body P of mass 2 kg is suspended at
one end and another body Q of mass 10 kg is suspended at a distance “x” from the other end
(edge), such that the meter rule stays horizontal. Find “x”. (g = 10 m/s 2) (3 marks)

3) A uniform massless meter rule is pivoted at 40 cm mark. A body P of mass 4 kg is suspended at

60 cm mark, and another body Q of mass 2 kg is suspended at 90 cm mark. You are now given a
body R of mass 9 kg and you are asked to balance the meter rule such that the meter rule is
horizontal. Where will you place body R? (g = 10 m/s 2) (3 marks)

4) A two arms of a see-saw pivoted at the mid-point. On the left arm, the child P (mass 30 kg) sits at
a distance d1 from the pivot. To balance the see-saw, the child Q (mass 15 kg) sits on the right
arm at a distance d2 from the pivot. Find d1/d2. (g = 10 m/s2) (2 marks)

5) A physical balance has its arms of length 60 cm and 40 cm. A body of weight 90 N is placed on
the pan of shorter arm. To balance this, a stone of mass “m” kg is placed on the pan of longer
arm. Find “m”. (g = 10 m/s2) (3 marks)

End of Test
 Test 5 (Moment of Force) (Total 20 Questions; Each question = 1 mark; Total 20 marks)
1) How will you increase moment of force without increasing the force?
2) Turning is always produced by a pair of forces. True or False
3) Give one example of dynamic equilibrium
4) Rain drop falling on earth from the clouds with uniform velocity is an example of
_____equilibrium
5) A beam balance works on the principle of __________
6) The stone of hand flour grinder is provided with a handle which is used to rotate the upper
stone-wheel about the axis at the centre of the wheel. Where should the handle be placed for
the user to find it easy to use the grinder? Explain why
7) What can be the direction of net torque? _____________
8) When we open a door, the rotation of the door is produced by a couple. True or False ____
9) A couple produces a translational motion. True or False _______________
10) You are trying to open a door. At what point should you apply the force for the turning effect to
be zero?
11) Moment of force can be zero, even though the force applied is not zero. True or False
_________
12) For a body to be in equilibrium, the sum of all clockwise moments about axis A should be same
as the sum of all anti-clockwise moments about axis B. True or False ____________
13) When rain drops fall from the clouds to the earth’s surface, its acceleration is _________ and its
velocity is ___________
14) How many forces are applied on the key (by turning it), while opening a lock? ____________
15) Another name for “pivot” is _______________
16) The perpendicular distance between two forces in a couple is called the ___________
17) Give one example of unbalanced moment.
18) You use a spanner with handle length 20 cm to loosen a nut. You apply a force at the end of the
handle. For the moment of force to be maximum, what should be the angle between the handle
and the direction of application of force? ___________
19) When the upthrust (upward force) on an aeroplane balances its weight (downward force), it
moves forward at constant height (above the earth’s surface). This is an example of _______
equilibrium.
20) Moment of couple = Force x _______________

End of Test
 Test 6 (Moment of Force) (Total 20 Questions; Each question = 1 mark; Total 20 marks)
1) You are trying to open a door. At what point should you apply the force for the turning effect to
be least?
2) We have two steering wheels. One with diameter 60 cm and another with diameter 20 cm.
Which one is easy to turn and why?
3) Moment is _________________ of force
4) What condition should be met for a garden see-saw to be horizontal?
5) If the beam in a beam balance is in horizontal position, the resultant torque is __________
6) When you rotate a door, how many forces are at play?
7) We take a beam balance, and do not place anything on both the pans. If we hold the beam
balance, we find that the beam rests in horizontal position. Why?
8) SI unit of moment of couple is _____________
9) CGS unit of resultant moment of force ____________
10) What kind of body can produce rotational motion?
11) When a bus driver rotates the steering, how many forces does he apply on the steering?
_______
12) A spring balance works on the principle of moments. True or False __________
13) Apples of mass 2 kg is kept on the left pan of a beam balance, due to which the left pan is
depressed. State two different ways by which you will make the beam horizontal.
14) SI unit of Torque is ___________
15) The pair of forces in a couple can produce either clockwise moment or anti clockwise moment,
and they cannot produce clockwise moment and anti-clockwise moment simultaneously. True or
False _______
16) You are given two spanners which are used to loosen nuts – one with handle length 50 cm and
another with handle length 10 cm. Which one will be easy to use and why?
17) As per the principle of moments, when is a body at equilibrium?
18) State two differences between force and moment of force
19) Moment of couple = Force x _______________
20) If a meter rule has some mass, then its weight will be at what position on the meter rule? ____

End of Test
 Test 7 (Moment of Force) (Total 7 Questions; Each question = 2 marks; Total 14 marks)

1) We have a rod AB pivoted at point O, such that AO = 2m, and AB = 6 m. A 5 N weight is

suspended at end A and another weight 3 N is suspended at end B. Find resultant torque and
state in which end will the rod get depressed?

2) A uniform meter rule of mass 100 g has a fulcrum at mark 40 cm and a mass of 50 g is suspended
at the 10 cm mark. You are now given another new mass of 50 g and you are asked to
suspended it on the meter rule so that the meter rule balances. Where will you place this new
mass? (g = 10 m/s2)

3) A physical balance has its arms of length 60 cm and 40 cm. A weight of 200 N is kept on the pan
of the shorter arm. What weight should you place on the pan of the longer arm, so that the
physical balance is balanced? (g = 10 m/s 2)

4) On a see-saw, two children of masses 30 kg and 50 kg are sitting on one side of it at distances 2m
and 2.5 m respectively from its middle. Where should a man of mass 74 kg sit to balance the see-
saw? (g = 10 m/s2)

5) The beam of a beam balance is 40 cm in length and is pivoted at its mid-point. Joy puts 20 kg
tomato on the left pan, and 21 kg potato on the right pan. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find resultant moment
of force.

6) When a boy weighing 20 kgf sits at one end of a 4 m long see-saw, it gets depressed at this end.
How can it be brought to the horizontal position by a man whose weight is 40 kgf (g = 10 m/s 2)?

7) A uniform meter rule of mass 100 g is balanced on a fulcrum at mark 40 cm by suspending an

unknown mass “m” at the 20 cm mark. Find “m”. (g = 10 m/s 2)

End of Test
Test 8

1) A man of mass 60 kg was standing on a platform with a luggage of mass 40 kg on his head. He
waited in one position for 2 hours. Did he do any work against the force of gravity? If yes how
much? (g = 10 m/s2)

2) Define one joule.

3) Kilo watt is an unit of ___________ and kilowatt hour is an unit of _______.

4) Can a body have energy without momentum? Explain your answer?

5) A man of mass 60 kg was standing on a platform waiting for the train. His luggage of 100 N was
lying next to him. He lifted the luggage on to his head, which was at a height of 2 m from the
ground. Did he do any work against the force of gravity? If yes how much? (g = 10 m/s 2)

6) Define one calorie.

7) A ball of mass 2 kg is thrown up with a speed of 10 m/s. Find the kinetic energy of the ball at the
time of throwing. Also find the potential energy of the ball at the highest point?

8) An object of mass “m” and velocity “v” has kinetic energy = 200 J. Find the new kinetic energy if
the mass of the object is doubled and velocity still remains the same?

9) Calculate the kinetic energy of a car of mass 500 kg moving with a velocity of 36 km/h. Find the
kinetic energy if the velocity of car is doubled?

10) Raj (mass 50 kg) has his flat on the 2 nd floor of Raheja Willows, which was at a height of 20 m
from the ground. Since lifts were not working, Raj climbed the stairs and reached his flat. When
Raj climbed the stairs, he covered a total distance of 28 m. did Raj do any work against the force
of gravity? If yes, how much? (g = 10 m/s 2).

11) In Aai’s house, she has a bulb of power rating 60 W and a refrigerator of power rating 100 W. If
Aai uses these devices for a month (30 days), how many units of energy will appear in her
electric bill?

12) A ball of mass 500 grams is thrown vertically up in the sky by Sai and it reaches the highest point
which is 10 m above the earth’s surface. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done by earth.

13) A ball of mass 1 kg is dropped from the top of a tower of height 100 m, so that it falls freely
under gravity. The ball reaches the earth’s surface after t seconds. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done
by earth. Also, state the work done on the ball.

14) An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential
energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-way down.

15) A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this
in joules?

16) An engineer is asked to design a playground slide such that the speed a child when she reaches
at the bottom of the slide does not exceed 4 m/s. Determine the maximum height that the slide
can be? (g = 10 m/s2)
17) Define one kilo watt hour.

18) A rocket is moving up with a velocity “v”. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what
will be the ratio of the two kinetic energies of the rocket?

19) A force of 10 N displaces a body by a distance of 3 m at an angle 60° to its own direction. Find
the amount of work done in SI unit. 

20) A ball of mass 500 grams is thrown vertically up in the sky by Joy and it reaches the highest point
which is 20 m above the earth’s surface. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done by earth.

21) Joy has a mass of 50 kg. He was climbing the steps/stairs in a temple. There are 1000 steps in the
temple and each step is 10 cm in height. (g = 10 m/s 2). How much work did Joy do when he
climbed up all the stairs? If Joy climbed all the stairs in 1 minute and 40 seconds, what was the
power applied by Joy in SI unit?

22) A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its kinetic
energy? Explain.

23) Find energy in kWh consumed in 10 hours by four devices each having a power rating of 500 W.

24) Is it possible that there is displacement of a body, but net force on it is zero? Explain your
answer.

25) State three differences between power and energy.

26) Define Horse Power and state its value in SI unit.

27) Which is larger – 1 KJ or 1 Kcal

28) State four differences between potential energy and kinetic energy

29) Define one watt.

30) Can a body have momentum without having energy? Explain your answer.

31) Define one electron volt.

32) A man whose mass is 50 kg climbs up 30 steps of a stair in 30 s. If each step is 20 cm high,
calculate the power used in climbing the stairs. [Given g = 10 m/s 2]

33) An object of 100 N weight is raised to a height of 15 m. Find the potential energy possessed by
the object at that height. (g=10m/s2)

34) List two essential conditions for work to be done?

35) Calculate the electricity bill amount for a month of 30 days, if the following devices are used
every day as specified below: (One unit of electricity cost Rs.3)
a) Two bulbs of 40 W each, for six hours per day
b) Two tube lights of 50 W each, for eight hours per day
c) A TV of 120 W, for six hours per day
36) Establish a relationship between momentum and kinetic energy of a body?

37) An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the
ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line?
What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?

38) Calculate the kinetic energy of a car of mass 500 kg moving with a velocity of 18 km/h. Find the
new kinetic energy if two passengers of mass 50 kg each, sit in the car?

39) Calculate the power of an electric motor that can lift 800 kg of water to store in an overhead
tank which is at a height of 1500 cm, in 20 s. (g=10m/s 2).

40) Does the gravitational potential energy of a body depend on the path along which the body is
moved, while going from one point to another? Illustrate your answer with the help of suitable
example?

41) Two bodies of equal masses move with uniform velocities “v” and “3v” respectively. Find the
ratio of their kinetic energies?

42) Calculate the electrical energy consumed in SI unit, if a toaster of 60 W is used for 30 minutes?

43) An electric heater of 1000 W is used for two hours in a day? What is the cost of using it for a
month of 28 days, if one unit of electric energy costs Rs.4?

44) A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining A and B is
horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force of earth? Explain your
answer.

45) Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m/s to 2 m/s. Calculate the work
done by this force.

46) Define average power and write down an expression/formula for it.

47) A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some
work or not? Justify your answer.

48) A crane pulls up a car of mass 500 kg to a vertical height of 5 m. Calculate the work done by the
crane? Given g=10m/s2
49) A lamp consumes 500 J of electrical energy in 20 sec. What is the power of the lamp?

50) A pair of bullocks exert a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15 m long. How
much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?

51) The kinetic energy of an object of mass, “m” moving with a velocity of 5 m /s is 25 J. What will be
its kinetic energy when its velocity is doubled? What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity is
tripled?

52) The kinetic energy of a car is 7000 J as it travels along a horizontal road. How much work is
required to stop this car in 20 s? 
53) A person whose height is 1.5 m, is holding a 20 kg trunk on his head and is standing at a
roadways bus-terminal (bus stop). How much work is done by the person?
 Test 7 (Work) (Total 20 Questions; Each question = 1 mark; Total 20 marks)
https://physicscatalyst.com/Class9/work-and-energy-numericals.php
List two essential conditions for work to be done?

An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to
the ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal
line? What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object? ZERO

Can a body have energy without momentum? Explain your answer? Yes potential energy

The rate of doing work is called _____________

The water is stored in the overhead tanks in Raheja Willows. This water possess
__________________ energy.

The total energy of the swinging pendulum remains ______ at all the points

When the body falls freely towards earth under gravity, the potential energy of the
body _______while kinetic energy of the body______. The total energy remains
______at all the points during the motion.

Can a body have momentum without having energy? Explain?

Establish a relationship between momentum and kinetic energy of a body?

The work done in lifting a box on to a platform does not depend upon how fast it is lifted up.
Explain your answer giving proper reason?

Calculate the kinetic energy of a car of mass 500kg moving with a velocity of 18Km/h. Find
the new kinetic energy if two passengers of mass 50 kg each sit in the car?

A man whose mass is 50 kg climbs up 30 steps of a stair in 30 s. If each step is 20 cm high,

calculate the power used in climbing the stairs. [Given g = 10 m/s2]

A light and a heavy object have the same momentum. Find out the ratio of their kinetic
energies. Which one has a larger kinetic energy?
An object with 100 N weights is raised to a height of 15m. Find the potential energy
possessed by the object at that height. Also find the new potential energy:
a.If the same object is raised half of its original height.
b.If the same object is raised to three times of its original height?
Given g=10m/s2

Consider the below figure

Define one joule of kinetic energy?

A ball of mass 2kg is thrown up with a speed of 10m/s. find the kinetic energy of the ball at
the time of throwing. Also find the potential energy of the ball at the highest point?

An object of mass m and velocity v has kinetic energy= 200J. Find the new kinetic energy if
the mass of the object becomes double and velocity still remains the same? 400 J
Calculate the kinetic energy of a car of mass 500kg moving with a velocity of 36km/h. Find
the kinetic energy if the velocity of car doubles?

Calculate the power of an electric motor that can lift 800 kg of water to store in a tank at a
height of 1500cm in 20s. (g=10m/s2). 6kw

Calculate the electrical energy consumed in Joules if a toaster of 60 W is used for 30

minutes?

An electric heater of 1000 W is used for two hours in a day? What is the cost of using it for a
month of 28 days, if one unit costs 3.00 rupees? Rs.168

What energy transformation takes place in :

a.Dry cell
b.electric fan

Calculate the electricity bill amount for a month of 30 days, if the following devices are used
as specified:
a.two bulbs of 40W for six hours.
b.two tubelights of 50W for eight hours
c.A TV of 120W for six hours.
d.Give the rate of electricity is 2.50 rupees per unit?

A crane pulls up a car weighing 500kg to a vertical height of 4m. Calculate the work done by
the crane?
Given g=10m/s2

A lamp consumes 500 J of electrical energy in 20 sec. What is the power of the lamp?

In a factory four bulbs of 100 W each and five fans of 110 W each operate for 12 hours daily.
Calculate the units of electricity consumed? Also find the total expenditure if one unit costs
2.50 rupees?

The work done in lifting a box on to a platform does not depend upon how fast it is lifted up.
Explain your answer giving proper reason?
A geyser of 2.5kW is used for eight hours daily? Calculate the monthly consumption of
electrical energy units. Also calculate the cost of electrical units consumption in a month if
rate per unit is 3.50 rupees?

Two bodies of equal masses move with the uniform velocities v and 3v respectively. Find the
ratio of their kinetic energy?

A boy stands on the edge of a cliff and throws a stone vertically downward with an initial
speed of 10 m/s. The instant before the stone hits the ground below, it has 1000 J of kinetic
energy. If he were to throw the stone horizontally outward from the cliff with the same initial
speed of 10 m/s, how much kinetic energy would it have just before it hits the ground?
Solution
Kinetic Energy at the time of hitting the ground= Potential energy at the edge of cliff + Initial
Kinetic energy
when the stond is throw vertically downward

K1=mgh+12mv2=1000JK1=mgh+12mv2=1000J -(1)
Now when the stone is thrown horizontally outward with the same speed

K2=mgh+12mv2K2=mgh+12mv2
From equation

K2=1000JK2=1000J

Question 19. The kinetic energy of a car is 7000 J as it travels along a horizontal road. How
much work is required to stop the car in 20 s? 

A 1.5 m high person is holding a 20 kg trunk on his head and is standing at a roadways bus-
terminal. How much work is done by the person?

What is work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth? Justify the
answer?
work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth is zero as force of gravity
acts at right angle(90°) to the direction of the motion of the satellite.So there is no displacement
in the direction of force

Define 1 Watt of power? A lamp consumes 1000J of electrical energy in 10s. Calculate its
power?
Calculate the amount of work required to stop a car of 1000kg moving with a speed of
72km/h?

Does the gravitational potential energy of a body depend on the path along which the body
is moved, while going from one point to another? Illustrate your answer with the help of
suitable example?

Gravitational potential energy does not depend on the path along which the body is moved, while
going from one point to another

Consider the below figure

A block is moved from position A to B by two path

a. AB : Work done againts gravity = mgH
b. ACDB : 
Workdone on moving the block A to C = zero ( As gravity is perpendicular to motion)
Workdone on moving from A to D = mgH
Workdone on moving the block D to B = zero ( As gravity is perpendicular to motion)
Therefore, total workdone=mgH
Hence Gravitational potential energy does not depend on the path along which the body is
moved, while going from one point to another

Match the following

Column B
(Energy Conversion) (Converters)
Chemical energy into Mechanical energy Electric Generator
Heat energy into Mechanical engine Electric Motor
Mechanical energy into Electrical
Car engine
energy        
Electrical energy to Mechanical energy Steam engine
Light energy into electrical energy Electric bulb
Electrical energy into light energy Solar Cell

A force 10 N act on the body and body is displaced by 10 m. The angle between
force and displacement are given below. Calculate the work done
Angle 30 45 60 90
Work done ? ? ? ?

1. 1 Kilo Watt hour of energy is equal to ________ Joule

2. Power is the rate of doing ______. And its unit is ___________
3. Work done by the force can be _______ and ______.
4. The water stored in the reservoir of the tank possessed _______ energy
5. The total energy of the swinging pendulum remains ______ at all the points
6. When the body falls freely towards earth ,potential energy of the body
_______while kinetic energy of the body______. The total remains ______at
all the point during the motion

An electric bulb of 100 W is used for 8 h per day. Calculate the 'units' of energy consumed in
one day by the bulb?

Find the energy possessed by an object of mass 10 kg when it is at a height of 2 m above

the ground. Given, g = 10 m/s2.

An engineer is asked to design a playground slide such that the speed a child reaches at the
bottom does not exceed 4.0 m/s. Determine the maximum height that the slide can be.?
Given, g = 9.8 m/s2.

A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what
will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?

A force of 10 N displaces a body by a distance of 3 m at an angle 60° to its own direction.

Find the amount of work done. 
Energy
 We already have an idea that energy is associated closely with work and we have
defined energy of a body as the capacity of the body to do work. So, an object having
a capability to do work is said to possess energy. 
Definition: - The capacity of an object to do work is called energy of the object.
 The object which does the work loses energy and the object on which the work is
done gains energy.
 An object that possesses energy can exert a force on another object. When this
happens, energy is transferred from the former to the latter.
 The energy possessed by an object is measured in terms of its capacity of doing
work.
 The unit of energy is, therefore, the same as that of work, that is, joule (J). 1 J is the
energy required to do 1 joule of work.
 There are various forms of energy available to us for example mechanical energy
(potential energy + kinetic energy), heat energy, chemical energy, electrical energy
and light energy.
Kinetic Energy
 Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its motion
 Body moving with greater velocity would posses greater K.E in comparison of the
body moving with slower velocity
 Kinetic energy of a body moving with a certain velocity is equal to the work done on
it to make it acquire that velocity.
 Consider a body of mass m moving under the influence of constant force F. From
Newton’s second law of motion
F=maF=ma
Where a is the acceleration of the body
 If due to this acceleration a, velocity of the body increases fromv1v1 tov2v2 during
the displacement d then from equation of motion with constant acceleration we have
v22−v21=2adv22−v12=2ad
Or,
a=(v22−v21)2da=(v22−v12)2d
Using this acceleration in Newton's second law of motion
we have
F=m(v22−v21)2dF=m(v22−v12)2d
or
Fd=m(v22−v21)2Fd=m(v22−v12)2
or
Fd=mv222−mv212Fd=mv222−mv122
We know that Fd is the work done by the force F in moving body through distance d.
 In above equation, quantity on the right hand side 12mv212mv2 is called the kinetic
energy of the body
 Thus kinetic energy possessed by an object of mass m and moving with uniform
velocity v is
EK=12mv2EK=12mv2
 If the mass of the body is doubled, its kinetic energy also gets doubled and if mass of
the body is halved its kinetic energy also gets halved.
 If the velocity of the body is doubled its kinetic energy becomes four times and if the
velocity of the body id halved, then its kinetic energy becomes one fourth.
Potential Energy
 Potential energy is the energy stored in the body or a system by virtue of its position
in field of force or by its configuration.
 Force acting on a body or system can change its Potential Energy.
 Few examples of bodies possessing PE are given below
i) Stretched or compressed coiled spring
ii) Water stored up at a height in the Dam possess PE
iii) Any object placed above the height H from the surface of the earth posses PE
 Potential energy is denoted by letter U.
 All bodies fall towards the earth with a constant acceleration known as acceleration
due to gravity.
 Consider a body of mass m placed at height h above the surface of the earth as
shown below in the figure.

 The force acting on this body is the gravitational pull of the earth m×g which acts in
the downwards direction.
 To lift the body above the surface of the earth, we have to do work against the force
of gravity. Now, Work Done= Force × distance = m×g×h
Where,
m= mass of the body;
g= acceleration due to gravity;
h= height of the body above the reference point, say the surface of earth.
 Since work done on the object is equal to mghmgh, an energy equal
to mghmgh is gained by the object.Ep=mghEp=mgh
Here from the above equation we see that potential energy of any object at a height
depends on the ground level or the zero level you choose.
 One important point to note hare is that work done by gravity depends on the
difference in vertical heights of the initial and final positions of the object and not on
the path along which the object is moved.
  To understand this point consider the figure given below

Now this figure shows the block is raised from position A to position B through two
different paths. If hh is the height then in both the situations work done on the object
is mghmgh.

Question 1

A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the
force (See below figure). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the
displacement. What is the work done in this case?

Answer

Work done by the force is given by

Work done = Force × Displacement

W = F × S
Now given in the questions
F = 7 N
S = 8 m
Therefore, work done, W = 7 × 8
= 56 Nm
= 56 J

Question 2

When do we say that work is done?

Answer

Work is done whenever the given conditions are satisfied:

1)   A force acts on the body.
2) There is a displacement of the body caused by the applied force along the
direction of the applied force.

Question 3

Write an expression for the work done when a force is acting on an object in the
direction of its displacement.

Answer

Work done = Force × Displacement

W = F x s 

Question 4 

Define 1 J of work.

Answer

1 J is the amount of work done by a force of 1 N on an object that displaces it

through a distance of 1 m in the direction of the applied force.

Question 5 

A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15
m long. How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?

Answer

Work done by the bullocks is given by the expression:

Work done = Force x Displacement
W= F x d
Now given in the question
Applied force, F = 140 N
Displacement, d = 15 m
W= 140 x 15 = 2100 J

Question 6

What is the kinetic energy of an object?

Answer

The energy possessed by a body by the virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
Every moving object possesses kinetic energy. A body uses kinetic energy to do
work. Kinetic energy of hammer is used in driving a nail into a log of wood, kinetic
energy of air is used to run wind mills, etc.
Question 7

Write an expression for the kinetic energy of an object.

Answer

If a body of mass m moving with a velocity v, then its kinetic energy K.E is given by
the expression,
K. E= 1/2 mv2
Its SI unit is Joule (J).

Question 8

The kinetic energy of an object of mass, m moving with a velocity of 5 m /s is 25 J.

What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity is doubled? What will be its kinetic
energy when its velocity is increased three times?

Answer

Given in the question

K.E. of the object= 25 J

Velocity of the object, v= 5 m/s
Now we know that KE is given by

K.E.= 1/2 mv2
m= 2 x K.E/v2
Substituting the values of KE and v we get

m= 2 x 25 / 25 = 2 kg
Now If velocity is double, v= 2 x 5= 10 m/s
K.E. (for v= 10 m/s) = 1/2 mv2 = 1/2 x 2 x 100= 100 J

If velocity is tripled, v= 3 x 5= 15 m/s

K.E. (for v= 10 m/s) = 1/2 mv2 1/2 x 2 x 225= 225 J

Alternative method to solve this question

KE = 1/2 mv2 =25 J
When the velocity is doubles

KE(double) = ½ m(2v)2 = 4 (1/2 m v2) = 100J

When the velocity is tripled

KE(Tripled) = ½ m(3v)2 = 9 (1/2 m v2) = 225J

Question 9

What is power?

Answer

Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy. If W is the amount
of work done in time t, then power is given by the expression,

Power= Work / Time

= Energy / Time
P= W/T
It is expressed in watt (W).

Question 10 

Define 1 watt of power.

Answer

A body is said to have power of 1 watt if it does work at the rate of 1 joule in 1 s,
i.e.,1 W= 1J / 1s

Question 11 

A lamp consumes 1000 J of electrical energy in 10 s. What is its power?

Answer

Power is given by

Power= Work Done / Time

Now Work done= Energy consumed by the lamp = 1000 J

Time = 10 s
Power= 1000 / 10 = 100 Js-1=100 W

Question 12

Define average power.

Answer

The average Power of an agent may be defined as the total work done by it in the
total time taken.

Average Power= Total Work Done / Total time taken

Question 13

Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the
light of your understanding of the term 'work'.
• Suma is swimming in a pond.
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
• A wind mill is lifting water from a well.
• A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
• An engine is pulling a train.
• Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.

Answer

We know that

Work is done whenever the given two conditions are satisfied:

1) A force acts on the body.
2) There is a displacement of the body by the application of force in or opposite to
the direction of force.
Now let’s take a look at each case with respect to these two conditions

While swimming, Suma applies a force to push the water backwards. Therefore,
a Suma swims in the forward direction caused by the forward reaction of water.
) Here, the force causes a displacement. Hence, work is done by Suma while
swimming.

While carrying a load, the donkey has to apply a force in the upward direction but,
b
displacement of the load is in the forward direction. Since, displacement is
)
perpendicular to force, the work done is zero.

c A wind mill works against the gravitational force to lift water. Hence, work is done
) by the wind mill in lifting water from the well.

d Since there is no displacement of the leaves of the plant. Therefore, the work
) done is zero.

An engine applies force to pull the train. This allows the train to move in the
e
direction of force. Therefore, there is a displacement in the train in the same
)
direction. Hence, work is done by the engine on the train.

Since there is no displacement of the food grains. Hence, the work done is zero
f)
during the process of food grains getting dried in the Sun.

Wind energy applies a force on the sailboat to push it in the forward direction.
g
Therefore, there is a displacement in the boat in the direction of force. Hence,
)
work is done by wind on the boat.
Question 14 

An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls
back to the ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the
same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?

Answer

Work done by the force of gravity on an object depends only net vertical
displacement. Net Vertical displacement is given by the difference in the initial and
final positions/heights of the object. Now since the object come to the initial position,
Net vertical displacement is zero
Work done by gravity is given by the expression,
W= Force x displacement

= mgh
Now
h= Vertical displacement = 0
W = mg x 0 = 0 J

Question 15 

A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involved in the process.

Answer

When a bulb is connected to a battery, then the chemical energy of the battery is
transferred into electrical energy. When the bulb receives this electrical energy, then
it converts it into light and heat energy. Hence, the transformation of energy in the
given situation can be shown as:
Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy

Question 16

Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m s −1 to 2 m s−1.
Calculate the work done by the force.
Define average power.

Answer

We know that

Kinetic energy is given by the expression(E)= 1/2 mv 2

Now initial KE is given by
Ei =1/2 x 20 x (5)2 = 250 J
Now final KE is given by

Ef= 1/2 x 20 x (2)2 = 40 J.

Work done by the force is given by the difference of KE

= Ef  - Ei

= 40 -250 = -210 J

The negative sign indicates the force acts in opposite direction of motion

Question 17 

A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining

A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force?
Explain your answer.
Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m s −1 to 2 m s−1.
Calculate the work done by the force.
Define average power.

Answer

Work done by gravity depends only on the net vertical displacement of the body. It
does not depend upon the path of the body. Therefore, work done by gravity is given
by the expression,
W= mgh
Where,
Vertical displacement, h = 0

W= mg x 0 = 0
Hence, the work done by gravity on the body is zero.

Question 18

The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this
violate the law of conservation of energy? Why?

Answer

The process does not violate the law of conservation of energy. This is because
when the body falls from a height, then its potential energy changes into kinetic
energy progressively. A decrease in the potential energy is equal to an increase in
the kinetic energy of the body. During the process, total mechanical energy of the
body remains conserved.

Total Mechanical energy = KE + PE

Therefore, the law of conservation of energy is not violated.

Question 19 

What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a
bicycle?

Answer

While riding a bicycle, the muscular energy of the rider gets transferred into heat
energy and kinetic energy of the bicycle. Heat energy heats the rider's body. Kinetic
energy provides a velocity to the bicycle. The transformation can be shown as:
uscular Energy → Kinetic Energy + Heat Energy
During the transformation, the total energy remains conserved.

Question 20 

Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all your
might and fail to move it? Where is the energy you spend going?

Answer

When we push a huge rock, there is no transfer of muscular energy to the stationary
rock as the rock does not move. Also, there is no loss of energy because muscular
energy is transferred into heat energy, which causes our body to become hot.

Question 21

A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much
energy is this in joules?

An engineer is asked to design a playground slide such that the speed a child reaches at the
bottom does not exceed 4.0 m/s. Determine the maximum height that the slide can be.?
Given, g = 9.8 m/s2.

A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what
will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?

A force of 10 N displaces a body by a distance of 3 m at an angle 60° to its own direction.

Find the amount of work done. 

Answer

1 unit of energy is equal to 1 kilowatt hour (kWh).

1 unit = 1 kWh
1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J
Therefore, 250 units of energy = 250 x 3.6 × 106 = 9 x 108 J.

Question 22
An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its
potential energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-
way down.

A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much
energy is this in joules?

An engineer is asked to design a playground slide such that the speed a child reaches at the
bottom does not exceed 4.0 m/s. Determine the maximum height that the slide can be.?
Given, g = 9.8 m/s2.

A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what
will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?

A force of 10 N displaces a body by a distance of 3 m at an angle 60° to its own direction.

Find the amount of work done. 

Answer

Gravitational potential energy is given by the expression,

PE = mgh
Where,
h = Vertical displacement = 5 m
m = Mass of the object = 40 kg
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m s−2
PE = 40 x 5 x 9.8 = 1960 J.
At half-way down, the potential energy of the object will be =mg(h/2)= 1960 / 2 = 980
J.

Now as the total Mechanical energy remains conserved

Total Mechanical energy = KE + PE

At this point, the object has an equal amount of potential and kinetic energy. So half-
way down, the kinetic energy of the object will be 980 J.

Question 23 

What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth?
Justify your answer.

Answer

We know that if the direction of force is perpendicular to displacement, then the work
done is zero.

When a satellite moves around the Earth, then the direction of force of gravity on the
satellite is perpendicular to its displacement. Hence, the work done on the satellite
by the Earth is zero.

Question 24 

Can there be displacement of an object in the absence of any force acting on it?
Think. Discuss this question with your friends and teacher.

Answer

Yes. For a uniformly moving object, displacement is present

Suppose an object is moving with constant velocity. The net force acting on it is zero.
But, there is a displacement along the motion of the object. Hence, there can be a
displacement without a force.

Question 24

A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he
done some work or not? Justify your answer.

Answer

When a person holds a bundle of hay over his head, then there is no displacement in
the bundle of hay. So work  done is zero

Question 25 

An electric heater is rated 1500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hours?

Answer

Energy consumed by an electric heater can be obtained with the help of the
expression,
Power= Work done / Time

Or

Work done = Power x Time

Now
Power rating of the heater, P= 1500 W = 1.5 kW
Time for which the heater has operated, T= 10 h
Work done = Energy consumed by the heater
So energy consumed = Power x Time
= 1.5 x 10 = 15 kWh
Question 26 

Illustrate the law of conservation of energy by discussing the energy changes which
occur when we draw a pendulum bob to one side and allow it to oscillate. Why does
the bob eventually come to rest? What happens to its energy eventually? Is it a
violation of the law of conservation of energy?

Answer

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be neither created nor
destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another.
In case of an oscillating pendulum. When a pendulum moves from its mean position
to either of its extreme positions, it rises through a certain height above the mean
level. At this point, the kinetic energy of the bob changes completely into potential
energy. The kinetic energy becomes zero, and the bob possesses only potential
energy. As it moves towards point mean position its potential energy decreases
progressively. Accordingly, the kinetic energy increases. As the bob reaches point
Mean position its potential energy becomes zero and the bob possesses only kinetic
energy. This process is repeated as long as the pendulum oscillates.

So

Total energy at Extreme Position = PE

Total energy at Mean position = KE

In between Total energy = KE + PE

You may then why the bob does not oscillate forever. It comes to rest because air
resistance resists its motion. The pendulum loses its kinetic energy to overcome this
friction and stops after some time.

Again The law of conservation of energy is not violated because the energy lost by
the pendulum to overcome friction is gained by its surroundings. Hence, the total
energy of the pendulum and the surrounding system remain conserved.

Question 27

An object of mass, m is moving with a constant velocity, v. How much work should
be done on the object in order to bring the object to rest?

Answer

Kinetic energy of an object of mass, moving with a velocity, v is given by the

expression,

KE= 1/2 mv2

To bring the object to rest, 1/2 mv2 amount of work is required to be done on the
object.

Question 28 

Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity
of 60 km/h?

Answer

Kinetic energy(KE)= 1/2 mv2

Now
ass of car, m= 1500 kg
Velocity of car, v= 60 km/h= 60 x 5 / 18 ms-1

Substituting these values in KE expression, we get

So KE = 20.8 x 104 J

We know that we need to do work equivalent to KE to stop the car

Hence, 20.8 x 104 J of work is required to stop the car.

Question 29 

In each of the following a force, F is acting on an object of mass, m. The direction of

displacement is from west to east shown by the longer arrow. Observe the diagrams
carefully and state whether the work done by the force is negative, positive or zero.

Answer

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

The direction of force The direction of force The direction of force

acting on the block is acting on the block is in the acting on the block is
perpendicular to the direction of displacement. opposite to the direction of
displacement. Therefore, Therefore, work done by displacement. Therefore,
work done by force on the force on the block will be work done by force on the
block will be zero. positive. block will be negative.

Question 30 

Soni says that the acceleration in an object could be zero even when several forces
are acting on it. Do you agree with her? Why?

Answer

Acceleration in an object could be zero even when several forces are acting on it.
This happens when all the forces cancel out each other i.e., the net force acting on
the object is zero. For a uniformly moving object, the net force acting on the object is
zero. Hence, the acceleration of the object is zero. Hence, Soni is right.

Question 31 

Find the energy in kW h consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W

each.

Answer

Energy consumed by an electric device can be obtained with the help of the
expression for power,

P= W / T
Where,
Power rating of the device, P= 500 W = 0.50 kW
Time for which the device runs, T= 10 h
Work done = Energy consumed by the device
Therefore, energy consumed = Power x Time
= 0.50 x 10 = 5 kWh
Hence, the energy consumed by four equal rating devices in 10 h will be 4 x 5 kWh =
20 kWh = 20 Units.

Question 32 

A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its
kinetic energy?
Find the energy in kW h consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W
each.

Answer

When an object falls freely towards the ground, its potential energy decreases and
kinetic energy increases. As the object touches the ground, all its potential energy
gets converted into kinetic energy. As the object hits the hard ground, all its kinetic
energy gets converted into heat energy and sound energy. It can also deform the
ground depending upon the nature of the ground and the amount of kinetic energy
possessed by the object.

A ball of mass 500 grams is thrown vertically up in the sky by Sai and it reaches the highest point
which is 10 m above the earth’s surface. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done by earth.

A ball of mass 1 kg is dropped from the top of a tower of height 100 m, so that it falls freely under
gravity. The ball reaches the earth’s surface after t seconds. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done by earth.
Also, state the work done on the ball.

A ball of mass 500 grams is thrown vertically up in the sky by Joy and it reaches the highest point
which is 20 m above the earth’s surface. (g = 10 m/s 2). Find work done by earth.

Joy has a mass of 50 kg. He was climbing the steps/stairs in a temple. There are 1000 steps in the
temple and each step is 10 cm in height. (g = 10 m/s 2).

How much work did Joy do when he climbed up all the stairs?

If Joy climbed the stairs in 1 minute and 40 seconds, what was Power applied by Joy?

A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its
kinetic energy?
Find the energy in kW h consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W
each.
March 8, 2020 (Total 9 questions; Total 18 marks)

1) Find the resultant Torque as per figures 1,2, 3 and 4 in note book (2 marks each)

2) We have a door of width “W”. Joy applies a force “F” at the edge of the door to open it. Now, it
is Sai’s turn to open the same door. CHENGO wants to produce the same amount of torque as
Joy did, and to achieve this, he applies a force at the middle of the door. What force did Sai
apply? (2 marks)

3) The two arms of a see-saw are 1 m long each. On the left arm, Child A (mass 20 kg) is sited at
mid-point of the arm, and Child B (mass 25 kg) is sited at the edge. To balance the see-saw, such
that it is in horizontal position, a man C (of mass “X” kg) is sited at the mid-point of the right arm.
Find “X”. (g = 10 m/s2). (2 marks)

4) Joy (mass 40 kg) and SAI (mass 20 kg) are playing in see-saw. The two arms of the see-saw are of
equal length. If SAI sits on the edge of the left arm, where should Joy sit such that the see-saw is
in equilibrium (i.e. horizontal position)? (g = 10 m/s 2). (2 marks)

5) You have a stationary wheel of radius 50 cm pivoted at the middle, and it is free to rotate about
the pivot. Child A applies a 10 N force on the wheel and Child B also applies a 10 N force on the
wheel. Draw the wheel and show the point of application of these two forces and the direction
of these forces, such that the turning effect of the wheel is zero. (2 marks)

6) You have a stationary wheel of diameter 40 cm pivoted at the middle, and it is free to rotate
about the pivot. Child A applies a 1 N force on the wheel and Child B also applies a 1 N force on
the wheel. Draw the wheel and show the point of application of these two forces and the
direction of these forces, such that the turning effect of the wheel is maximum. (2 marks)
End of test

Teach

Ask for balancing force in a rod, when two or more torques are acting

Net Torque = Resultant Torque = Result Moment of Force = Net Moment of Force

The various centimetre mark on a meter rule

Meter rule has mass acting through middle (centre of gravity)

Explain why a meter rule cannot be balanced on a finger

Knife edge (pivot position)

See saw balance – 2 x 1, 2 x 2 – ask for balancing force position

Pivot at one end of meter rule, downward weight in between, where should you apply force to keep
in keep it horizontal or balance it.

Meter rule with negligible mass or having mass (act at centre)

How to solve questions on
moment of a force
 Bolarinwa Olajire  Follow on TwitterSend an emailJuly 21, 2018

0 2 minutes read

Question 1

A 90cm uniform lever has a load of 30N suspended at 15cm from one of its ends. If the
fulcrum is at the centre of
gravity, the force that must be applied at its other end to keep it in horizontal
equilibrium is{UME 2003 Type 9}
A. 15N                         B. 20N                          C. 30N                                   D. 60N.
Solution
sum of clockwise moment = sum of anti-clockwise moment

x * 45 = 30 * 30

45x = 900

x = 900 / 45

x = 20N

B is the correct option

Question 2

A 100kg box is pushed along a road with a force of 500N. If the box moves with a
uniform velocity, the coefficient of
friction between the box and the road is{UME 2004 Type S}
A. 0.5                  B. 0.4                         C. 1.0                             D. 0.8
solution

F – fr = ma

since it moves with a uniform velocity acceleration = 0

F = fr

F = μR

μ is the coefficient of friction

F is the force applied

R is the normal reaction which is equal to the weight = mg = 100*10 = 1000N

μ = F/R  = 500 / 1000 = 0.5

A is the correct option

Question 3

A man holds a 100 N load stationary in his hand. The combined weight of the forearm
and hand is
20 N. The forearm is held horizontal, as shown{cambridge may/june 2014 p11 ques 12}

What is the vertical force F needed in the biceps?

A 750 N                  B 800 N                      C 850 N                                    D 900 N
Solution

moment of a force = force x perpendicular distance

Sum of clockwise moment = sum of anti-clockwise moment

the 100N load will make a clockwise direction

the 20N combined weight of the hand and forearm will make a clockwise direction
the force F in the biceps will make anti-clockwise direction

F*4 = 20*10 + 100*32

4F = 200 +3200

4F = 3400

f = 3400/4

F = 850N

C is the correct option

Click here to read short note on forces

Question 4

A uniform plank AB of length 5.0 m and weight 200 N is placed across a stream, as
shown below

A man of weight 880 N stands a distance x from end A. The ground exerts a vertical force
FA on the plank at end A and a vertical force FB on the plank at end B.
As the man moves along the plank, the plank is always in equilibrium.{cambridge
may/jun 2014 p21 q3}
The man stands a distance x = 0.50 m from end A. Use the principle of moments to
calculate the magnitude of FB.
Solution

sum of clockwise moment = sum of anti-clockwise moment

taking your moment about FA

since it is a uniform plank, the weight of the plank will be at the mid-point of the plank
FB will make a anticlockwise direction

the man will make an clockwise direction

the weight of the plank will make clockwise direction

FB*5 = 200*2.5 +880*0.5

5FB = 500 +440

5FB = 940

FB = 940 / 5

FB = 188N

Question 5

A block of mass 2.0 kg is released from rest on a slope. It travels 7.0 m down the slope
and falls a vertical distance of 3.0 m. The block experiences a frictional force parallel to
the slope of 5.0 N.{cambridge may/june 2011 p11 que15}

What is the speed of the block after falling this distance?

A 4.9 m s–1                   B 6.6 m s–1                       C 8.6 m s–1                               D 10.1 m
s–1
Solution

mgsinθ – fr = ma
sinθ = opposite / hypothenus = 3 /7

g = 9.81 ms-2

2*9.81*3/7   –  5 = 2*a

8.41 – 5 = 2a

3.41 = 2a

a = 3.41 /2

a = 1.7 ms-2

using

v2 = u2 + 2as

initially it is at rest so

u = 0ms-1

distance covered is 7m

v2 = 2*1.7*7

v2 = 23.86

find the square root of both sides

v = 4.9ms-1

A is the correct option

 
 Principle of moments Questions

1 A force of 20 N acts at a distance of 20 cm from a pivot.

What is the moment of this force about the pivot? Include the unit in your answer.

...............20 x 20 = 400Ncm.......................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(1)

2 What weight W must be hung on the ruler to balance it?

........... Principle of moments so clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments ...........

............So 100 x 30 = W x 20 .................................................................................

.............W = 3000/20.................................................................................................

.............W= 150 N................................................................................................(2)

3 The diagram shows a 1 m ruler, pivoted at its midpoint.

At what distance x from the left-hand end of the ruler must the 10 N force be applied to balance the
ruler?

....... Principle of moments so clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments ...............

........So 20 x 20 = 10 x (50 – x) .......................................................................

.........400 = 500 – 10 x ...........................................................................................

..........100 = 10x

...........x = 10cm ...........................................................................................(3)

4 A ruler is placed on a pivot; three forces act on it, as shown.

a Which force has no moment about the pivot? Explain your answer.

................20 N as it is 0cm from the pivot ................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(2)

b Calculate the moments of the other two forces about the pivot.

.........6 x 70 = 420 Ncm .............................................................................................

.........14 x 30 = 420 Ncm............................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(3)

c Is the ruler turning? Explain.

...........No – moments are equal........................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(2)

5 The diagram shows a horizontal beam, pivoted at its midpoint, with two downward forces
acting on it.

a Which force is tending to turn the beam clockwise?

Calculate the moment of this force.

.............20 N ..............................................................................................................

..............1.2 x 20 = 24Nm.......................................................................................(2)
b Which force is tending to turn the beam anticlockwise?

Calculate the moment of this force.

..........30 N................................................................................................................

...........30 x 0.8 = 24Nm.......................................................................................(2)

c Are these moments balanced, or will the beam start to turn?

...........Balanced..............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(1)

6 The diagram shows how a heavy slab of stone can be raised using a lever. Calculate the force
F needed to lift the stone.

........1000x0.3=1xF..........................................................................................................

.........F=300N....................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(3)
Short questions

You are trying to open a door. At what point should you apply for force for the torque to be zero?

You have a stationary wheel pivoted at the middle, and it is free to rotate about the pivot. You now
apply two forces 10 N and 10 N on this wheel. Draw and show the point of application of the forces
and direction of forces, such that the turning effect of the wheel is maximum.

Moment of force or Torque means ______________ of force

A jack screw used to lift a heavy car should have a short arm, so that it can raise the car easily. True
or False. Explain your answer

A see-saw of length 4 m is pivoted at 1.5 m from one end. If two children of equal weight “W” N sit
on the two extreme ends of the see-saw, will this see-saw be in equilibrium?

You have a stationary wheel pivoted at the middle, and it is free to rotate. You now apply two forces
20 N and 20 N on this wheel. Draw and show the point of application of the forces and direction of
forces, such that the wheel remains stationary.

Minimum, how many forces are required to cause rotation of a pivoted body?

A given force “F” produces a certain amount of moment of force about a given axis of rotation.
Without reducing the force “F”, what should you do to reduce the moment of force?

A physical balance works on the principle of moments. True or False

State the relationship between the SI unit and CGS unit of torque

A rod of length 100 cm and mass 50 grams is pivoted at its one end such that it can rotate about it.
What should you do such that the rod remains parallel to the ground surface?

If you need a larger turning effect, what will you do?

According to the principle of moments, if the arithmetic sum of moments of all the forces, acting on
the body, about the axis of rotation is zero, the body is in equilibrium. True of False

Two forces each of magnitude 10 N are applied in opposite directions at the ends of a uniform rod of
length 2 m. Draw a diagram of this arrangement, and find resultant torque.

If you apply a 100 N force on a pivoted body, the direction of rotation of the body would depend on
what factors? Draw and explain your answer.

Ram, a bus driver, is turning the steering wheel of a bus. Draw and show the direction of application
of force by Ram.

A half metre rod is pivoted at the centre with two weights of 20 gf and 12 gf suspended at a
perpendicular distance of 6 cm and 10 cm from the pivot, respectively. Now, if we “reverse” the
direction of the 20 gf, what will be net torque? (g = 10 m/s 2)

A mass less metre rule is pivoted at the centre. If a 10 N force is applied in the upward direction at
the pivot, what will be the net torque?

Sai wants to open the circular lid of a “pickle-jar”, whose lid has a diameter of 6 cm. Sai applies a 200
N force tangentially to the lid. How much torque does Sai apply to open the lid?
A rod of length 2 m and mass 100 grams is pivoted at its one end such that it can rotate about it.
What should you do such that the rod remains perpendicular to the ground surface?

Torque has how many directions – name them?

Two students (Ram and Raju) are sitting on opposite sides of a see-saw at distances d 1 and d2 from
the pivot, in such a manner that the see-saw is parallel to the ground. The see-saw is designed in
such a way that each side is 5 m long and the board of the see-saw is massless. If d 1 < 5 m and d2 < 5
m, what should Ram do so that Raju goes down?

An attraction at a science museum helps teach students about the power of torque. There is a long
metal beam (40 m length and mass 0 kg) that has one pivot point which is 5 m from one end of the
beam. A car of mass 500 kg hangs from the short end of the beam. What should be the minimum
mass of a student who can hang from the rope and begin to raise the car off the ground? (g = 10
m/s2)

Two masses hang below a massless meter stick. Mass P (15 kg) is located at the 10 cm mark, while
Mass Q (30 kg) is located at 60 cm mark. At what point in between the two masses must we attach a
string to the stick, in order to balance the system? (g = 10 m/s 2)

A car moves with uniform speed of 40 km/h on a circular road. The centripetal force on the car is
provided by __________________

One side of a see-saw carries two girls of mass 21 kg (4m from the pivot), and mass 25.5 kg (2m from
the pivot). To balance the seesaw, what mass should be placed on the opposite side, 9 m from the
pivot? (g = 10 m/s2)

A bolt connecting the main and rear frame of a mountain bike requires a torque of 15 Nm to tighten.
If you are capable of applying 40 N of force to a wrench in any given direction, what should be the
minimum length of the wrench that will result in the required torque. (g = 10 m/s 2)

A door needs a torque of 100 Nm to open. The perpendicular distance between the hinge and the
door handle is 2 m. If Gautam applies a force of “F” N parallel to the door handle, calculate “F”
required to open the door?

The length of a bicycle pedal arm is 16 cm, and Sai’s foot applies a downward force of 110 N
perpendicular to the pedal. What is the magnitude of torque produced about the pivot point? (g =
10 m/s2)

An empty cart is standing on the ground. The cart has two wheels at the front (and none at the back)
and the donkey is tied in front of the wheels. What should you do so that the donkey will be lifted off
the ground?

A uniform massless half meter beam has weights 20 gf and 30 gf suspended from its end ends
respectively. Where should the pivot be placed such that it produces a net anti clockwise moment of
10 gf-cm. (g = 10 m/s2)

The main gate of Raheja Willows (which is 3 m wide) can be opened by applying a 90 N force at the
middle. What is the least force required to open the main gate?

Centre of Gravity should always be within the material of the body. True or False. Explain
A body is in uniform circular motion. Draw a diagram and show the direction of its acceleration

If you are designing a “spanner”, what should you do such that it is easy to use it?

A body in equilibrium has no _____________ motion or __________ motion.

When a satellite revolves around the earth in a circular orbit, the centripetal force is provided by
_______________________________.

Without ______________ force, circular motion is not possible.

A string has a stone tied to its one end and the other end is held by you. You whirl the string
horizontally, such that the stone is in a uniform circular motion. if the string is cut, draw and show
the direction in which the stone travels.

A disc of diameter 50 m is rotating with constant speed 50 m/s. A coin of diameter 4 cm is kept near
the rim of the disc. The centripetal force on the coin is provided by _____________

What is the torque produced by the centripetal force at the centre of the circular path?

The work done by centripetal force is _______.

We have two identical empty buckets (each has mass 400 g and height 70 cm) named as Bucket P
and Bucket Q. We fill Bucket P with sea water and fill Bucket Q with mercury. Thereafter, we
measure the CG of both the buckets and find that the CG of Bucket P is at d 1 cm from the base of the
bucket and CG of Bucket Q is at d 2 cm from the base of the bucket. Which one is higher: d 1 or d2?

Two bodies (Body A and Body B) are moving in uniform circular motion, with Body A moving in
clockwise direction and Body B moving in anti-clockwise direction. The direction of centripetal forces
for Body A and that for Body B are different. True or False. Explain.

A uniform meter scale (having weight “W”) is kept in equilibrium when supported at the 60 cm mark
and a body of weight “x” is suspended from the 90 cm mark. State with reasons whether the weight
of the meter scale is greater than, less than or equal to the weight of the body suspended?

The centre of gravity remains unchanged even when the body is deformed. True or False. Explain.

In a uniform circular motion, the speed changes continuously because the motion of the body
changes every moment. True or False. Explain

Centrifugal force is the force of reaction of centripetal force. True or False. Explain.

A couple produces translational motion. True or False. Explain

The moment of force changes with the change in the axis of rotation, while the moment of couple
about any axis is constant. True or False. Explain

Which of these forces is also called a “false force”: frictional force or centrifugal force or electrostatic
force or centrifugal force? _________________

When electrons in an atom move around the nucleus in an orbit, the centripetal force required by
the electrons is provided by ________________________

If the moment of force is assigned a “negative” sign, will the turning tendency of the force is
clockwise or anticlockwise?
A uniform meter scale of mass “m” kg can be balanced at the 70 cm mark, when a mass of 50 g is
hung from the 94 cm mark. Find “m”. (g = 10 m/s 2)

Your family is sitting inside a car which is moving with constant speed 60 km/h. Suddenly, the car
faces a sharp circular turn on its left and the car takes the left circular turn. You and your family,
sitting inside the car, tend to fall in _________ direction, due to the ____________ force acting on
you.

Draw and show the direction of centrifugal force.

When a stone is whirled in a circle, we feel that the stone is pulling our hand. We feel this, because
of the __________________ force.

We have two identical empty buckets (each has mass 500 g and height 50 cm) named as Bucket A
and Bucket B. We fill Bucket B with water. Thereafter, we measure the CG of both the buckets and
find that the CG of Bucket A is at d 1 cm from the base of the bucket and CG of Bucket B is at d 2 cm
from the base of the bucket. Which one is higher: d 1 or d2?

Name the force that causes the change in direction in uniform circular motion?

When a beam balance is horizontal position, is it in equilibrium?

A stone is tied to a string at one end and the other end is in your hand. You rotate the stone in a
uniform circular path. What force acts on your hand and in which direction?
Long Questions

As per the principle of moments, when is a body at equilibrium?

State the factors on which the moment of force about a given axis depends.

What is anticlockwise torque?

State the conditions for a body to be in equilibrium

State the four characteristics of forces that form a couple

State the SI unit of net torque and moment of couple.

Give reasons why is it easier to turn a steering wheel of larger diameter than that of a smaller
diameter?

Give two examples of dynamic equilibrium

Give one example of static equilibrium

State the factors that affect the turning of a body about a pivoted point

The upper circular stone of a hand flour grinder is provided with a handle near its rim. Give reason
why.

State the difference between “static equilibrium” and “dynamic equilibrium”

Explain how the concept of “torque” helps in the functioning a bicycle?

State two differences between centripetal and centrifugal forces.

Define “couple”, and state the SI unit of moment of couple

Prove: Moment of Force = Force x Couple Arm

How does the principle of moment help in making a beam balance?

The steering wheel of a bus is much larger in diameter than that of a car. Why?

State the differences between “centrifugal force” and “centripetal force”

In bicycle, long pedals are used. Why?

Give one example when the speed of a body is constant but its acceleration is variable.

State the differences between uniform circular motion and uniform linear motion

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