AC Motor Single Phase

Summer Course
Motor And Motor Control
Prepared by: DR. Amr Adel

Eng. Mohamed Adel
Course Out lines
• AC Motors
– Single Phase AC motor
– 3 Phase AC motor
– Speed control (Single phase &3 phase)
• DC Motors
– DC Motors with electronic control
– Stepper Motors with electronic control
– Servo Motor with electronic control
– Brushless Motor with electronic control.
AC Motor
Introduction:
• AC induction motor is the most widely used type of electric motor in the modern world. AC motors are
primarily used as a source of constant-speed mechanical power but are increasingly being used in variable
speed-control applications.
• Advantages: They are popular because they can provide rotary power with high efficiency, low maintenance,
and exceptional reliability—all at relatively low cost. These desirable qualities are the result of two factors:
• (1) AC motors can use the AC power “right off the lines.”—DC motors require the added
expense of a rectifier circuit;
• (2) most AC motors do not need brushes as DC motors do. In most cases, the AC power is connected only
to the motor’s stationary field windings. The rotor gets its power by electromagnetic induction, a process
that does not require physical electrical contact. Maintenance is reduced because brushes do not have to be
periodically replaced. Also, the motor tends to be more reliable and last longer because there are fewer parts
to go wrong and there is no “brush dust” to contaminate the bearings or windings.
AC Motor
Introduction:
Disadvantages:
• There is a problem with using AC motors in control systems: These high-

efficiency AC motors are by nature constant speed, and control systems
usually require the motor speed to be controllable.
• The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by simply adjusting the applied

voltage. For complete speed control of an AC motor, both voltage and
frequency must be adjusted, which requires using special electronic
speed-control circuitry, such as the volts-per-hertz (V/Hz) drive
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
• inside the motor driven by a single-

phase motor power supply there are
two windings , the main winding are
the auxiliary winding .
• Connect the main winding to the

power supply and the auxiliary winding
will be connected to the power supply.
• Current from the power supply flows

directly to the main winding. On the
other hand the current through the
capacitor flows through the auxiliary
winding.
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
• When connection a single-phase power supply, repeat the phenomena 1 to 4
1. Voltage is applied to the main winding voltage is not applied to the auxiliary winding and N pole and
an S pole are generated in the magnetic pole of the main winding.
2. Voltage is applied to the auxiliary winding and voltage is not applied to the main winding and N pole
and an S pole are generated in the magnetic pole of the auxiliary winding.
3. Voltage is applied to the main winding voltage is not applied to the auxiliary winding. A generated
pole opposite to that in step (1) is generated in the magnetic pole of the main winding.
4. Voltage is applied to the auxiliary winding and voltage is not applied to the main winding. A magnetic
pole opposite to that in step (2) is generated in the magnetic poles of the auxiliary winding.
In this way the magnetic field generated in the stator changes to produce clock wise rotation.
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
• Making Single phase Induction motor Self starting.
• Capacitance calculations:
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase Capacitors
Types of AC Motor Capacitors
• There are two capacitors commonly found on single-phase motors: the start capacitor, which has a
plastic housing, and the run capacitor, which has a metal housing.
• The start or electrolytic capacitors are encased in plastic and have as much as 20 times the capacitance
of the run capacitor.. These capacitors cannot be operated continuously.
• Run capacitors are generally used for the motor-running circuit in the single-phase motor. These
capacitors are encased in metal and made durable for continuous operation.
AC Induction Motor
Single Phase Capacitors
DC Capacitors
• The DC capacitor is designed differently from the AC capacitor. The DC capacitor must
be placed in the DC circuit in one position only. Always connect the positive terminal
of the capacitor to the positive conductor in the DC circuit. Connect the negative
terminal in a like manner to the negative conductor. Always observe the polarity of
the capacitor.
• The terminals will be marked positive(+) and negative (-). If the capacitor terminals
are incorrectly connected in the circuit, the capacitor will be ruined.
WARNING Never connect the DC

capacitor in an AC circuit. If this is
done, the DC capacitor can
explode.

AC Motor Single Phase

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Summer Course

Motor And Motor Control

Prepared by: DR. Amr Adel

• There is a problem with using AC motors in control systems: These high-

• The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by simply adjusting the applied

• inside the motor driven by a single-

• Connect the main winding to the

• Current from the power supply flows

• When connection a single-phase power supply, repeat the phenomena 1 to 4

of the run capacitor.. These capacitors cannot be operated continuously.

WARNING Never connect the DC

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