AC GENERATOR

INTRODUCTION
A.C. Generator means that ‘Alternating current’

generator. It is A device that is employed to convert
‘mechanical energy’ into ‘Electrical energy’. Generator
forces current to flow through associate degree
External circuit. The supply of energy could also be a
reciprocating or rotary engine external-combustion
engine, water falling through A rotary engine or
waterwheel, an indoor combustion engine, a turbine, a
hand crank, compressed gas, or the other supply of
energy.
PRINCIPLE OF AC GENERATOR
It is supported the principle of electromagnetic

induction, i.e., whenever quantity of magnetic flux
related to a coil changes, an e.m.f. is elicited within the
coil. The direction of current elicited is given by
Fleming’s right rule.
TYPES OF AC GENERATOR
• Types of AC Generators Based on the Speed.
1. Salient Pole: Salient pole Generators has large

diameter and short axial length Pole shoes cover 2/3 of
the pitch Salient Poles are laminated in order to reduce
eddy currents They are used in hydraulic turbines or
diesel engines Salient pole generators will have typical
speed about 100 to 375 rpm. As the speed of the water
turbine is slow hence more number of poles are
required to attain the frequency. Therefore Salient pole
machines will have typically number of poles will be
between 4 to 60. Cheaper compared to cylindrical rotor
machines for speeds below 1000rpm. Causes excessive
windage losses.
2. Smooth Cylindrical Type: The rotor, in this case,
consists of a smooth solid steel cylinder, having a
number of slots along its outer periphery for hosting
the field coils. The cylindrical rotor type machine gives
better balance and quieter-operation along with lesser
windage losses
CONSTRUCTION OF AC
GENERATOR
A.C. Generators is consisting of 4 main

parts:
1)THE COIL (ARMATURE): A rectangular coil

PQRS accommodates an outsized variety of
turns of copper sure over a soft iron core is
termed coil. The soft iron core is employed
to extend the magnetic flux.
2) Field: It is commonly a permanent sponge
magnet having planoconcave poles. The coil
is turned off a magnet, so axis of the coil is
perpendicular to field lines.
3)SLIP RINGS: Slip rings are the magnetic
rings that are connected within the terminal
of the coil. These rings are turned with the
coil and these are used to draw the present
from the generator.
4)BRUSHES: The brushes Q&Q, are simply
bit the slip rings. they're not rotating with
the coil and these brushes results to the
output of load resistance.
ABSTRACT
This paper highlights about the AC generator, conjointly
called alternators, could be a machine that converts
energy into voltage. The generated voltage is within
the type of Associate in Nursing electricity curved
output wave. The energy is typically equipped by steam
turbines, gas turbines and combustion engines. AC
generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of
magnetism induction that states that emf -EMF or
voltage – is generated in an exceedingly current-
carrying conductor that cuts an identical field. This will
either be achieved by rotating a conducting coil in an
exceedingly static field, or by rotating the field that
contains the stationary conductor. The popular
arrangement is to stay the coil stationary as a result of
it’s easier to draw induced electricity from a stationary
coil than a rotating coil. The generated electromotive
force depends on the quantity of coil turns, field
strength, and also the speed of the rotating fields. It
also highlights about the superconducting AC
generators which is more efficient.
THEORY
Before we study the working of AC
Generator, we should know that: -
1. The sturdy force field is generated by a current
flow through the sector coil of the rotor.
2. The sector coil within the rotor gets excitation
by the utilization of slip rings and brushes.
3. Two brushes are spring-held up-to-date with
the slip rings to relinquish the continual affiliation
between the sector coil and external circuit.
4. The coil is contained within the windings of the
mechanical device and is connected to the
output.
5. Each time the rotor makes one complete
revolution, one Complete Cycle of PR is
developed.
6. A generator has several turns of wire wound
into the slots of the Rotor.
7. The magnitude of AC voltage made by
Associate in Nursing AC generator Depends on
the sector strength and speed of the rotor.
8. Most generators are operated at therefore
constant speed; so, The generated voltage
depends on field excitation, or strength.
WORKING OF AC GENERATOR
The coil is turned in anti-clock wise direction. within the
half rotation the arm AB is moving outward and CD is
moving inward. So the e.m.f. is iatrogenic within the
arm AB from A to B. And within the arm CD from C to D.
once 0.5 rotation (in the second half). The arm CD is
moving outward and AB is moving inward. during this
time current is iatrogenic in arm CD from D to C. And in
arm AB from B to A. within the half rotation the present
direction is dynamical therefore during this generator
AC is made. Expression for Instantaneous e.m.f.
produced.
Let position of the coil at any time t. It’s made angle
with vertical. If w is uniform angular speed of the coil.
Then θ = ωt
B be the strength of field n be the quantity of turns
within the coil and A space of the coil then magnetic
flux with the coil during this position is given by:
Ø=nBA Cosθ = nBA Cosωt

Differentiate w.r.t. time: -
dØ/dt = -nBA ω Sin(ωt)

ɛ= -dØ/dt= -(-nBA ω Sin(ωt) )
Maximum value of e.m.f. say so
ɛ = ɛ° sin(wt)
APPLICATIONS OF AC
GENERATOR
1.Craft auxiliary power generation, wind
generators, High speed turbine generators.
2.Hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) drive systems,

automotive starter generators. 3. associate
degree ac generator, or ‘alternator’, is employed
to provide ac Voltages for transmission via the
grid system or, locally, As transportable
generators.
3.All of our house appliances runs on ac current.

Ex: icebox, laundry machines, oven, lights, fan
etc.
4.The most advantage of AC is easy power

distribution. it's additional economical to use high
voltage to distribute power, however it's not safe
to own high voltage reception. it's simple to
intensify (and step down) AC voltage employing a
electrical device.
ADVANTAGES OF AC
GENERATOR
• AC is extremely simple and economical to

transmit over an extended distance instead of DC
• The style of the AC generator is quiet easier
than DC generator sort.
• No want for matching a voltage.
• Cost of possession is lower.
• They have a quiet operation.

• This conjointly makes easier to keep up
this generator.
• An AC generator permits users to convert its
current to different voltage with the utilization of
transformers.
• AC generator is compatible solely with
associate degree AC generator and not with a DC
generator.
• AC motors don't have a smell that's terribly
typical of DC motors; within the latter, this is
often caused by associate degreed conjointly
these square measure compatibles with an AC
generator and not with a DC generator sort.
DISADVANTAGES OF AC
GENERATOR
• This poses a challenge once it involves

handling due to the bigger voltages required
to provide a set level of power.
• In these systems need further insulation

due to the bigger voltages required to
provide a set level of power.
• In addition to any or all these risks, An AC

generator isn't as sturdy as a DC generator
sort.
• Working with electrical energy system has

some distinct risk and difficulties as
compared to what will be expected from DC
motors.
• In addition to any or all these risks, AN AC
generator isn't as sturdy as a DC generator
sort.
CONCLUSION
AC generator, conjointly called alternators,

could be a machine that converts energy
into voltage. The generated voltage is within
the type of Associate in Nursing electricity
curved output wave. The energy is typically
equipped by steam turbines, gas turbines
and combustion engines. AC generators
work on the principle of Faraday’s law of
magnetism. An all around planned
superconducting generator can address an
excellent advancement among contending
and regularly clashing electrical, financial,
warm, unwavering quality, and mechanical
necessities.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] https://www.researchgate.net
[2] https://www.brainkart.com
[3] https://www.jstor.org
[4] www.wikipidea.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Mr.Raghav Rajpoot
who gave me golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic ‘AC
Generator’, which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I am thankful to them.
Secondly I Would also like to my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
Yours Sincerely,
RITIK KUSHWAHA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Ritik
Kushwaha” student of class-12th
“Maths”‘A’ has successfully
completed their Physics Project on
“AC Generator” under the
guidance of “Mr. Nikhil Gupta”.
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER
PRINCIPAL SIGN VICE PRINCIPAL
SIGN

AC GENERATOR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AC GENERATOR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AC GENERATOR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INTRODUCTION

A.C. Generator means that ‘Alternating current’

It is supported the principle of electromagnetic

• Types of AC Generators Based on the Speed.

1. Salient Pole: Salient pole Generators has large

A.C. Generators is consisting of 4 main

1)THE COIL (ARMATURE): A rectangular coil

Ø=nBA Cosθ = nBA Cosωt

dØ/dt = -nBA ω Sin(ωt)

2.Hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) drive systems,

3.All of our house appliances runs on ac current.

4.The most advantage of AC is easy power

• AC is extremely simple and economical to

• No want for matching a voltage.

• Cost of possession is lower.

• They have a quiet operation.

• This poses a challenge once it involves

• In these systems need further insulation

• In addition to any or all these risks, An AC

• Working with electrical energy system has

AC generator, conjointly called alternators,

I Would like to express my special thanks of

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

You might also like