The document discusses buoyancy control for pipelines using mechanical earth anchors. It provides an overview of Platipus anchors, their key benefits, how they work, typical behavior, and installation details for stealth and bat anchor types. Installation can be done with light, medium, or heavy equipment depending on the anchor size and required depth.
The document discusses buoyancy control for pipelines using mechanical earth anchors. It provides an overview of Platipus anchors, their key benefits, how they work, typical behavior, and installation details for stealth and bat anchor types. Installation can be done with light, medium, or heavy equipment depending on the anchor size and required depth.
The document discusses buoyancy control for pipelines using mechanical earth anchors. It provides an overview of Platipus anchors, their key benefits, how they work, typical behavior, and installation details for stealth and bat anchor types. Installation can be done with light, medium, or heavy equipment depending on the anchor size and required depth.
The document discusses buoyancy control for pipelines using mechanical earth anchors. It provides an overview of Platipus anchors, their key benefits, how they work, typical behavior, and installation details for stealth and bat anchor types. Installation can be done with light, medium, or heavy equipment depending on the anchor size and required depth.
FOR PIPELINES INTRODUCTION Platipus® Anchors are market leaders in the design, manufacture and supply of mechanical earth anchoring products. The company is renowned for providing some of the most innovative and cost-effective anchoring solutions for the Civil Engineering, Construction and Marine industries.
The percussion driven earth anchor (PDEA) is a unique, modern and versatile device that can be quickly installed in most displaceable ground conditions. It offers a lightweight corrosion resistant anchor that can be driven from ground level using conventional portable equipment. It creates minimal disturbance in the soil during installation; can be stressed to an exact holding capacity and made fully operational immediately. As a completely dry system it also has minimal impact on the environment.
KEY BENEFITS OF THE PLATIPUS® EARTH
ANCHORING SYSTEM Proven design solutions for buoyancy control of small & large pipelines Significant time & cost savings over concrete coating / set on / bolt on weights / bags Minimal environmental damage Proof testing of each anchor upon installation Application designed webbing for fast installation with no damage to pipes or their coating Installation before or after the pipe is laid No specialist installation equipment required Flexible anchor selection for varying soil conditions No Cathodic protection required 2 ‘SIMPLY’ HOW A MECHANICAL ANCHOR WORKS There are three steps to the installation of an anchor system:
DRIVING THE ANCHOR REMOVING THE RODS LOADLOCKING
STRESS DISTRIBUTION & BEARING CAPACITY
The stress distribution in front of a loaded anchor can be modelled using foundation theory. The ultimate performance of an anchor within the soil is defined by the load at which the stress concentration immediately in front of the anchor exceeds the bearing capacity of the soil.
Factors that will affect the ultimate performance of the anchor include:-
· Shear angle of the soil · Depth of installation
Granular Soil · Size of the anchor · Submerged conditions (Based on Terzaghi’s calculation) ® Platipus anchors perform exceptionally well in a granular soil, displaying short loadlock and extension characteristics, a broad frustum of soil immediately in front of the anchor and extremely high loads.
Stiff cohesive soils, such as boulder clays, can also give outstanding results. However, weaker cohesive soils, like soft alluvial clays, can result in long loadlock and extension distances and a small frustum of soil in front of the anchor. Consequently these conditions require a larger size of anchor and if possible a deeper driven depth to achieve design loads. Soft Cohesive Soil (Based on Skempton’s calculation)
TYPICAL ANCHOR BEHAVIOUR
LOADLOCK COMPACTION MAXIMUM LOAD RANGE BEARING CAPACITY FAILURE
AND LOAD
3 STEALTH ANCHOR The Stealth anchor is designed to cover a wide range of lightweight anchoring solutions. Its chisel point and streamline shape make installation easy using simple hand tools.
We have designed three complete solutions
with our S4 / S6 / S8 anchors combining them with our own tensioners and webbing.
Each set can be installed in a few minutes
using hand tools.
DIMENSIONS PROJECTED TYPICAL MINIMUM
ANCHOR EYE L x W x H (mm) SURFACE AREA LOAD DRIVEN MATERIALS TYPE VERSION SQUARE mm RANGE* DEPTH (L x W x H - inches) (SQUARE inch)
121 x 41 x 34 4,127 1 - 10 kN 0.6 - 0.75 m
S04E (4.8 x 1.6 x 1.3) (6.39) Aluminium Alloy (220 - 2200 lbs) (2' - 2.5')
171 x 58 x 50 8,200 Aluminium Alloy; 5 - 25 kN 0.8 - 1.2 m
S06E (6.7 x 2.2 x 1.9) (12.71) SG Cast Iron; (1100 - 5500 lbs) (2.5' - 3.5') Bronze
263 x 90 x 76 19,555 SG Cast Iron; 10 - 40 kN 1.1 - 1.5 m
S08E (10.3 x 3.5 x 3) (30.31) Bronze (2200 - 8800 lbs) (3.5' - 5')
BAT ANCHOR The Bat anchor is designed to achieve higher loads and also enhanced anchoring in soft cohesive soils. Its ability to accept the T-Loc lower termination allows flexibility with regard to on-site anchor assembly and choice.
The installation equipment requires more
powerful hand-held / machine mounted breakers and hydraulic loadlocking equipment.
The options in this case cover four anchor head configurations and two different tensioner solutions combined with a low impact webbing strap to remove both the need for cathodic protection and damage to the pipe coating. DIMENSIONS PROJECTED TYPICAL MINIMUM ANCHOR T-LOC SURFACE AREA L x W x H (mm) MATERIALS LOAD DRIVEN TYPE VERSION SQUARE mm (L x W x H - inches) RANGE* DEPTH (SQUARE inch)
310 x 110 x 93 28,600 SG Cast Iron; 20 - 60+ kN 1.5 - 2.5 m
B04T (12.2 x 4.3 x 3.6) (44.33) Bronze (4400 - 13200 lbs) (5' - 8')
336 x 206 x 91 45,500 SG Cast Iron; 30 - 100+ kN 2-3m
B06T (13.2 x 8.1 x 3.6) (70.52) Bronze (6600 - 22000 lbs) (6' - 10')
423 x 259 x 105 71,500 SG Cast Iron; 50 - 150+ kN 3-4m
B08T (16.6 x 10.2 x 4.1) (110.82) Bronze (11000 - 33000 lbs) (10' - 13')
541 x 335 x 110 115,800 SG Cast Iron; 75 - 200+ kN 4-5m
B10T (21.3 x 13.2 x 4.3) (179.49) Bronze (16500 - 44000 lbs) (13' - 16')
*The typical load range of an anchor is dependant on the engineering properties of the soil, from soft clays to compacted granular material. 4 INSTALLATION Anchor systems can be installed using a range of light, medium or heavy installation equipment. As the requirement for anchor size and placement depth increases it may be necessary to utilise more powerful equipment. Light Installation Drive the Drive the anchor anchor Remove the rods Loadlock the anchor
Medium Installation Drive the anchor Remove the rods Loadlock the anchor
Heavy Installation Drive the anchor Remove the rods Loadlock the anchor
5 Case Study GAZ DE FRANCE, CALAIS
Client: Gaz de France
Consultant: Typicon Main Contractor & Anchor Installer: Denys PROJECT SPECIFICATION A 14km high pressure gas pipeline needed to be laid through the northern part of Calais. High water levels meant that buoyancy control measures were required to hold the pipeline in position. Conventional methods were considered too expensive so an alternative solution, with minimal environmental impact, was required. SOLUTION Extensive site tests were carried out, which determined three anchor sizes were needed to achieve the required load of 75kN. At calculated distances, anchors were installed either side of the 1m Ø pipeline, proof loaded and connected together using a specifically engineered tensioning system. Finally, the excavated soil was backfilled concealing all evidence of the pipeline.
Consultant: Allen Gordon, Inverness Contractor & Anchor Installer: Bardon Hebrides Ltd - Aggregate Industries UK Ltd PROJECT SPECIFICATION Due to localised shallow slip failures and ground movement along this stretch of the coastline the existing outfall pipeline had in places fractured and broken causing leakage of the pipe contents. This leakage into the surrounding ground promoted further erosion and movement and increased the damage to the pipe and the surrounding area. SOLUTION Complete replacement of this 700m long section of pipeline using a 280mm diameter HPPE product was deemed the most cost effective long term solution. To prevent the same fate affecting this new pipeline it was securely anchored into the bottom of a new trench at a depth below any future expected slope failure. Working with limited access the anchors provided a quick and easy way of securing the pipeline. The solution removed the requirement for concrete anchor blocks and minimised the need for machine traffic on site, reducing the damage to the surrounding machair grassland. Once the trench was backfilled S2Geo System anchors were used to secure a MacMatR geosynthetic to minimise any surface erosion and to quickly aid vegetation regeneration.
7 Case Study REYNOLDSWOOD DRIVE DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS – TAMPA, FL. Client: Hillsborough County Main Contractor: Pospiech Contracting – Inverness, FL.
PROJECT SPECIFICATION The county of Hillsborough improved the outfall from the Reynoldswood subdivision pond through a conveyance system along Ehrlich Road to the tributary of Sweetwater Creek. By constructing a new swale and installing 1,300 linear feet of 24” diameter high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, the excess water from the pond could be transported to the creek. The pipe was backfilled with 2 feet of compacted sandy material, but high ground water caused the pipe to become buoyant.
RETROFIT SOLUTION To prevent a redesign of the pipeline, a quick and easy way to counteract buoyancy was through the use of a Platipus 2 Ton Pipe Kit. The cost effective solution removed the need to re-excavate the trench and backfill with stone or concrete. Within one week, all 1,300 linear feet of pipe was secured every ten feet by driving an anchor on either side of the pipe and installed with a specifically designed tensioning system.
8 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR LARGE PIPELINE SOLUTIONS
1 Using the Platipus Power Drive Rod (PDR) drive the 2 Remove the Drive Rod by hand or by using the Rod anchors to the required / engineered depth using suitable Removers (RR1) which are useful if the rod is jammed in the installation equipment. hole.
3 Using the Strap Setting Tool wrap the strap as depicted in 4 Thread the strap into both buckles as shown below. Place the photograph and then loadlock and proof test the anchor the Tensioning Tool under the strap on the pipe on one side using a suitable lifting device. and secure by engaging the lever / knurled cylinder against the strap. Thread the loose end into the Tensioning Bar as shown.
5 Tighten by hand until the strap is 6 Place the Socket and Torque Wrench on the nut and continue to tension until tight around the drum. tight or to the engineered torque / load setting. Remove the tool by releasing both straps, cut off strap as required. Repeat on the other buckle if required.
9 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR SMALL PIPELINE SOLUTIONS
1 Using the suitable Platipus® Hand Drive Rod (HDR) or 2 You can invert the postrammer to complete the hand Power Drive Rod (PDR) drive the Anchors into the ground to driving, then remove the rod by hand or by using the Rod the required installation depth or so that the D-Ring is just Removers (RR1) which are useful if the Drive Rods become above the surface. stuck.
3 Using the Platipus ® Plati-Hook (PH1) loadlock the 4 Thread the strap over the pipe and through each D-Ring Anchor into its full working position by applying a load to and bring both ends to the top of the pipe. Place the the wire tendon. You can also apply an additional load by passing tensioner on the top of the pipe and thread each strap the drive rod through the handle with an extra person. through the frame body locators and then pass through the centre of the wheel body. Cut the excess strap off ensuring all the play is removed in the system first.
5 Leave about 5cm / 2 inches 6 Place the Tension Lever (TL1S / TL2S) on the tensioner and tighten until satisfied, ensuring each side, then rotate the that the locking pin is fully located after the final adjustment, cut any surplus material away. wheel by hand until the straps tighten together.
10 11 PRELIMINARY DESIGN INFORMATION Please find below the basic information that we require to be able to understand your project and produce a specification and costing for you.
Name: Date: Company: Address:
Tel no.: Fax no.:
Web: E-Mail:
Project title:
Location of scheme:
New Remedial work to existing Timescale
Details of location: Ground water level: or Water depth (if offshore): Minimum depth of soil cover:
Soil details: Shear angle: Density: Moisture content: % Please give further details of soils present at the site including Borehole information, SPT / Triaxial data.
Pipe uplift data:
Uplift / working load (specify each anchor or per set): kN Anchor spacing: M Factor of safety: Life Expectancy: Any other useful info:
