26. Configuration is the arrangement of the parts of something.

It refers to the information given

27.A cognitive-memory question requires only simple processes like recognition, rote memory, or
selective recall to formulate an answer. ("Name a novel written by Stephen King.") Convergent thinking
requires analyzing and integrating data to formulate an answer.Asking questions is essential for checking
pupil understanding and keeping them engaged with the task at hand. It's crucial to the way students
receive and process information and it encourages independent and critical thinking.

28. Teaching methods for divergent learning involve offering preschoolers many ideas and solutions for
problems as well as encouraging children to find creative ways to learn. Divergent teaching encourages
children to take risks, learn how to be flexible and to use their imagination.Activities which promote
divergent thinking include creating lists of questions, setting aside time for thinking and meditation,
brainstorming, subject mapping, bubble mapping, keeping a journal, playing tabletop role-playing
games, creating artwork, and free writing.

29. Probing questions ask for more detail on a particular matter. They're often follow-up questions like,
"Could you tell me more about that?" or "Please explain what you mean ." Probing questions are meant
to clarify a point or help you understand the root of a problem, so you know how best to move
forward.Probing questions are designed to deepen the knowledge and understanding of information for
the person asking the question as well as the person answering. The questions themselves provide
depth and insight just as much as their answers.

30. An evaluative question asks the reader to decide whether he or she agrees with the author's ideas or
point of view in light of his or her own knowledge, values, and experience.Evaluation uses methods and
measures to judge student learning and understanding of the material for purposes of grading and
reporting. Evaluation is feedback from the instructor to the student about the student's learning.
CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT.

31. Curriculum orientation is defined as teachers' belief about the education goal and the curriculum
components such as objectives, content, teaching, learning, activities, and assessment methods when
curriculum development is taking place, the instruction that is to be built on this framework must be
kept in mind. Likewise, principles of learning are not avoided when a curriculum is being developed;
they are merely considered from a higher level of generalization. Anyone who is developing instruction
must be constantly aware of the content to be included in that instruction. In the case of instruction,
content that has already been derived as part of the curriculum development process is further
explicated and specific strategies are designed to aid the student in learning this content.
Although each area focuses on a number of rather unique concerns, many aspects of development could
be classed as either curriculum or instruction. The shared aspects of curriculum and instructional
development sometimes become unique to one area or the other based on the person or persons
involved in the development process as well as those who will eventually benefit from this
development. If one instructor were writing objectives for his or her course, this activity might be
classed as instructional development.

However, if a group of instructors were writing objectives for use in their courses and, perhaps, other
instructors' courses, the activity might be considered as curriculum development. The distinguishing
differences between these two areas become the scope of the development process and the extent of
generalizability. If the development process involves a number of professionals and the product of this
effort will be usable by a number of instructors, the process is more correctly termed curriculum
development. Instructional development is best viewed as usually involving one professional (typically
an instructor) in the process of preparing for his or her own classes. Although the distinctions between
curriculum development and instructional development are not as clear as many would like them to be,
they serve fairly well to identify each process.

32.Value-oriented education is, in a sense, tautologies. ... Value education refers to planned educational
actions aimed at the development of proper attitudes, values, emotions and behavior patterns of the
learners. Value education is the education that is concerned with the transformation of an individual's
personality. To develop the child's personality in all possible aspects. To develop good moral values in
the children. To develop thinking in a better aspect and a democratic way of living. To develop good
citizenship and standard of living and behavior of children.

33. Social oriented curriculum is a means to teach students how to interact and empathize with one
another. ... When students learn a social curriculum they are socially aware and emotionally intelligent.
They understand their emotions as well as the emotions of others.social-oriented curriculum refers to
the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them. As they develop and perceive
their own individuality within their community, they also gain skills to communicate with other people
and process their actions.

34. Psycho-social oriented curriculumenvironment is a type of environment that has to do with

Create projects that allow children to take charge of their learning process. Incorporate childrens'
interests and ideas into classroom activities to send the message that their input matters to you.

Step 2
Give children many small choices within acceptable limits. Compliment good choices within earshot of
peers and parents, keeping it simple and authentic.

Step 3

Talk with a child privately about poor choices. Ask questions to encourage cause-and-effect thinking
about the problem, alternate choices, and how she can solve the problem now. Focus on guiding her to
a solution, not on criticizing her as a person.

Step 4

Know the difference between misbehavior and an exploratory misfire. A child learns by experimenting,
so do not punish a child for trying something that did not go as planned. A simple, "Oops! That didn't
work out like you planned, huh? How can you fix it?" teaches a child that there is life beyond a mistake.

35. Social learning theory can be used to encourage and teach desirable behaviours in the classroom
through the use of positive reinforcement and rewards. For example, a student who is praised for raising
their hand to speak will more than likely repeat that behaviour.Social learning encourages interaction
with others and facilitates learning in a way that already comes naturally to most students. ... Some
benefits of social learning include: Increased engagement across disengaged learners. Students
developing self organisation skills.

36.Personalized learning is a teaching model based on that premise. Each student gets a “learning plan”
based on how they learn, what they know, and what their skills and interests are. ... Students work with
their teachers to set both short-term and long-term goals.Personalized learning prioritizes a clear
understanding of the needs and goals of each individual student and the tailoring of instruction to
address those needs and goals. ... When properly supported by teachers, it can help students learn
independently and work at their own pace.

37. An inclusive classroom is a general education classroom where students with and without learning
differences learn together. Inclusive classrooms are welcoming and support the diverse academic, social,
emotional, and communication needs of all students. ... When inclusion is done well, everyone in the
class benefits.An inclusive classroom is a general education classroom in which students with and
without disabilities learn together. It is essentially the opposite of a special education classroom, where
students with disabilities learn with only other students with disabilities.

38.The psychosocial learning environment covers psychological and social factors that have
consequences for satisfaction, health and ability to perform at the place of study.According to Haertel
and Walbeg (2007), psychosocial environment is a type of environment that has to do with interaction in
the classroom. This interaction involves teacher and student interaction, student and student
interaction, teacher student and instructional material interaction.
39. A Directed Learning Activity (DLA) is an exercise developed by a faculty member that students
complete in a tutoring center. A DLA allows the students to gain more practice on a concept or skill
introduced in class. ... getting extra practice and receiving face-to-face assistance from tutors.Student-
directed learning starts with the teacher. Rather than giving students free reign over what they should
learn, however, teachers need to offer choice. ... Another idea is to let students choose when and where
they'll work on a student-led project.

40. Self-directed learning (SDL) is an active learning process in which students take the initiative to:
Identify learning needs, areas of strengths and weaknesses. Formulate learning goals. Search for
resources, and implement appropriate tools, strategies and techniques to assist with learning.At this
stage, teachers can prepare students to become more self-directing by training them in such basic skills
as goal setting. They can use praise, but with an eye to phasing out praise (Extrinsic motivation) and
phasing in encouragement (Which builds intrinsic motivation).

41. Classroom structure is a concept in the area of teaching quality and describes how teachers design
tasks, share authority, and evaluate students' progress.Structured play is a term used to refer to a goal-
oriented activity. Examples of structured play include board games, outdoor games like tag, organized
sports such as soccer or anything else that requires a child to follow directions to complete something. A
student attending the structured learning classroom needs intensive supports and predictable,
consistent routines and structure throughout the school day to engage in learning activities in the
following areas: communication, social skills, academic tasks, and behavior management.

42. Students understand that the independent work mode is for just that: working on something by
themselves. They agree that they need to be able to focus and think, and for that to happen, certain
guidelines need to be in place.Some elements of independent learning are: setting your own goals and
deadlines; organising yourself, your work and your time; evaluating your use of time and your
work.Independent Learning is important because it develops creativity and intellectual curiosity.
Independent learning is about pupils being active rather than passive. It is about them working out the
answers rather than being told them.

43. The task environment consists of all the external factors that affect a company. These factors include
customers, competitors, suppliers, government regulations, special interest groups, and the labor force
itself. He suggests that tasks should contain input, roles, settings, actions, monitoring, outcomes and
feedback. Input refers to the data presented for learners to work on. Roles specify the relationship
between participants in a task.

44. The primary purpose of educational research is to expand the existing body of knowledge by
providing solutions to different problems in pedagogy while improving teaching and learning practices.
Educational researchers also seek answers to questions bothering on learner-motivation, development,
and classroom management.Applied research is done to get answers for the current problems. Applied
research can be done to verify previously done research. Applied research seek to solve practical
problems, scientists are in constant research to find out cure for diseases. The findings of the research
give benefit to the real world.
45. Evaluation research is educational research that is conducted to investigate educational programs
(e.g., federal and state initiatives, school-based professional development programs, new curricula, and
new methods for teaching and discipline).Evaluation research is defined as a form of disciplined and
systematic inquiry that is carried out to arrive at an assessment or appraisal of an object, program,
practice, activity, or system with the purpose of providing information that will be of use in decision
making.Evaluation provides a systematic method to study a program, practice, intervention, or initiative
to understand how well it achieves its goals. Evaluations help determine what works well and what
could be improved in a program or initiative.

46. Classroom Action Research is a reflective process in which instructors gather empirical data, to
improve their teaching practices. ... It is less formal than traditional educational research but more
systematic and data-based than teacher reflection.An example of action research for a school could be
to examine their state test scores to identify areas that need improvement, and then determine a plan
of action to improve student performance.

47. Supervision is the act of overseeing something. 6. Formative supervision is the process of one person
(administrator) assisting another person (classroom teacher) in order to improve instruction(teacher)
and learning (students)in the classroom.The ultimate purpose of supervision is to ensure the continuous
improvement of instruction. Any improvement to the quality of instruction will show positive impacts on
the quality of student learning. A supervisor is a chief, a mentor and a coach to teachers.

48. Classroom management refers to the wide variety of skills and techniques that teachers use to keep
students organized, orderly, focused, attentive, on task, and academically productive during a class.
Classroom management is how teachers influence student behavior to create an environment conducive
to learning. The primary goal is to maximize appropriate conduct and minimize student misbehavior.

49.Classroom control systems are effective because they increase student success by creating an orderly
learning environment that enhances students' academic skills and competencies, as well as their social
and emotional development. ... Emphasize student expectations for behavior and learning.Proper
classroom management creates an ideal environment for learning. This is important for teacher and
student safety, happiness and productivity. ... This kind of environment enhances learning, as well as
social/emotional development. Managing a classroom is more than simply establishing a set of rules.

50.The administrator who manages Classroom can create classes for you and add students to them. If
they invite you to be a co-teacher on their classroom, you will need to accept the invitation. You need to
sign in to Classroom to accept or decline the classes before they're visible to any students or co-
teachers.Classroom administrator is the linchpin that makes teaching and learning achievable in the
teaching learning process. It is the teacher who plays the main role in planning, organizing procedures
and resources, arranging the environment to maximize efficiency, monitoring students' progress,
anticipating potential problems.