Quality Control For Concrete
Quality Control For Concrete
Quality Control For Concrete
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Defects In Concrete
Among the defects that can arise to concrete
structure are :
a) Segregation
- due to high slump mixes, incorrect method
of handling concrete, over vibration
b) Plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage
- improper curing
c) Honeycomb and rock pockets
- leaking at joints of the formwork
- Problems with fresh concrete mix
- Improper placement and vibration method
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Introduction
Satisfactory construction requires concrete or
other material possess specific properties.
Quality control in construction is meant to
assure that these properties are obtained,
testing is an indispensable part of construction
process.
Quality concrete involve the
a) Testing of materials
b) Quality of workmanship
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b) Water
i) Chemical analysis
ii) To be on the safe side : always use tap
water
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e) Timber
i) species, compressive strength, moisture
content and chemical treatment
ii) In Malaysia – the authority on timber is
FRIM, Kepong
iii)Currently there is more than 50 species
available for construction
iv)Testing in accordance to MS 833, MS 360
and methods prescribed by FRIM
v)Why??? To ensure durability of the timber
e) Timber
i) BS 4449 and ISO
ii) Test for tensile strength – grade 460 or 250
iii)Chemical analysis
iv)Bond test
v)Weld strength – both for plates, steel bar or
welded meshes
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Quality of Workmanship
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Batching
a) Must be measured accurately : example:
i) wt of each constituent
ii)trained personnel to carry out measuring
works
Mixing
a) Mixer type, volume for mix
-Manual mixing of concrete – trained
personnel only
-Ready mix :
i) Central mix – mix in stationary mixer and
deliver in agitating truck
ii)Shrink mix – partial completion of mixing
process in stationary mixer and completed
in a truck mixer
iii)Truck mix – completely mixed in truck
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Mixing of concrete
Conveying Concrete
Problems:
a) Delays, Early stiffening and drying out,
Segregation
Choosing the right method:
a)Physical size of work
b)Total amount of concrete to be placed
c)Place of work – at ground level, below
ground or above ground
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Depositing of concrete
1) Continuously carried out at the nearest point
of final position
2)Slab : concrete should be placed at the end
of a perimeter working towards another end
3)Should not be dump in a dip pile then move
horizontally – this cause segregation
4)Each layer being thoroughly compacted
5)Rate of placement should be rapid enough so
that the layer is plastic when a new layer is
placed
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Consolidating of Concrete
Internal and external vibrators – size and vpm
(vibration per minute)
Finishing of Concrete
Textures, colours – selection of proper
equipment
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Curing of Concrete
Concrete strength increase with age as long as
favorable moisture and temperature is present.
Ponding or immersion, spraying or fogging,
wet covering, impervious sheet or plastic
sheet, form left in place, steam curing,
insulating blankets or covers, wet gunny sacks
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Conclusion
Knowledge related to materials preparation and
proper method in carrying out the concrete
work possessed by the personnel involved can
lead towards construction of concrete structure
free from defects such as honeycomb, shrinkage
and lower strength than the targeted strength.
Continuous supervision will ensure the concrete
structure constructed at site free from defects
and able to fulfill the specification required.
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