Diagnosis of Paper-Oil Power Transformer Insulation: Utility Consulting ABB Vadodara, India

Diagnosis of Paper- Oil Power transformer Insulation
V. R. Kulkarni
Utility Consulting ABB Vadodara, India
Abstract spectrum so obtained are maximum

value of recovery voltage Urmax, the time
The paper presents the results of to peak value Tpeak, and the initial
diagnostic tests on two identical power increase rate of recovery voltage,
transformers i.e. same design, make and dUr/dt.[1]
year of manufacturing. The diagnostic
tests include the Capacitance, Tandelta
Tc
measurement, Recovery voltage Charging time dUr/dt
measurement (RVM), Furan Analysis
Max. return
and Oil Analysis. It gives good voltage Urmax
correlation between RVM, C & Tandelta
measurement.
1.0 Introduction
Power transformer is the most critical
Td
and expensive component in the Discharging time
transmission and distribution of
electricity. The failure of transformer Figure 1
without any warning causes interruptions
in service, valuable customer minutes 3.0 Case studies for diagnosis of two
lost and loss of revenue. If incipient identical power transformers.
failure is recognized before it leads to an The diagnostic tests were carried out on
internal fault, then one can plan for the two identical power transformers of
transformer repair or replacement. This rating 75MVA, 132/34.5/6.9kV. The
will minimize a forced outage and the tests were carried out after 7 years of
scope of the repair. service. The diagnostic tests include
Capacitance and Tandelta, Recovery
2.0 The basic principle of Recovery voltage measurement, Furan content and
Voltage Measurement (RVM) Oil analysis.
The recovery voltage measurement is
based on the determination of 3.1 Measurement of Capacitance and
polarization spectrum by applying DC Tandelta
charging and discharging the insulation Capacitance and Tandelta measurement
and is shown in Figure 1. First, a sample was carried out on both the transformers
is charged for a time Tc. Then the i.e T1 and T2. The measurements were
sample is isolated from HV source and carried out at 10kV & 5kV to test the
short circuited for a time Td. At the end various insulation configuration as
Td the short circuit is removed and the shown in Table1.
recovery voltage appearing at the
electrodes is measured. The main
parameters derived from polarization
Table 1.
Test configuration T1 T2
Insulation between C=11.22nF C=12.15nF
HV & LV@ 10kV Tand=0.46 Tand=0.18
(UST mode)
HV & MV@ 10kV Tand=0.53 Tand=0.19
(UST mode)
HV & Earth @ Tand=0.5 Tand=0.29
10kV Fig. 2 Time constant =16.49sec
(GST ground mode)
MV & Earth @ 5kV Tand=0.56 Tand=0.32
(GST ground mode)
LV & Earth @ 5kV Tand=0.47 Tand=0.38
(GST ground mode)
Note:- UST- Ungrounded Specimen Test
GST:- Grounded Specimen Test
HV=132kV,MV=34.5kV,LV=6.9kV winding
The tandelta values of T1 were observed

to be higher than that of T2 indicating Fig.3- Time constant=18.22 sec
more presence of moisture.
3.2 Recovery Voltage Measurement.

Recovery voltage measurement was
carried out at 2kV DC voltage. The
results are shown in Table2
Table2
Test T1 T2
Configuration (Time (Time
constant constant in
in sec.) sec.)
Insulation Between 16.49 219.65
HV to Earth with (Fig.2) (Fig.4) Fig. 4 – Time constant = 219.65sec.
LV at earth potential
Insultaion Between 18.22 179.99

HV to Earth with (Fig.3) (Fig.5)
MV at earth
potential
Fig. 5 – Time constant =179.99 sec.

Transformer T1 is having much lower 5.References
time constant as compared to [1] A.G.Schlag, ”The recovery voltage
transformer T2. This indicates method for transformer diagnosis”,
transformer T1 contains more polar Tettex Instruments, 1995..
impurities as compared to transformer [2] IS1866 1983 Maintenance and
T2. Supervision of Mineral Insulation Oil in
Equipment.
3.3 Oil Analysis
The oil samples from both the
transformers were tested and results are
shown in Table 3
Table 3
Oil properties T1 T2
Neutralization value 0.05 0.04
(mg KOH/gm)
Tandelta 0.052 0.008
At 90oC
Resistivity 90oC 2.18x1012 4.65x1012
(ohm cm)
Water content (ppm) 17 16
Interfacial Tension 0.035 0.039
(N/m) at 27oC
Furan content (ppm) 0.15 -
The oil properties of both the

transformer were found well within
limits.[2]. The oil condition of
transformer T2 was observed to be better
as compared to oil condition of
transformer T1. The presence of furan
content in transformer T1 indicates
minor decomposition of paper
insulation.
4.0 Conclusion:
The results indicate that insulation of
transformer T1 has absorbed moisture
and needs reconditioning which includes
the drying of oil paper insulation.
Transformer T2 does not require any
reconditioning.
Good correlation was found between

Recovery Voltage Measurement,
Capacitance and Tandelta measurement,
Oil analysis and Furan analysis.

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Diagnosis of Paper- Oil Power transformer Insulation

Abstract spectrum so obtained are maximum

The tandelta values of T1 were observed

3.2 Recovery Voltage Measurement.

Insultaion Between 18.22 179.99

Fig. 5 – Time constant =179.99 sec.

The oil properties of both the

Good correlation was found between

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