College of Engineering, Architecture and

Technology
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
BSEE-3 (NONSTEM)

FORMS OTHER THAN FOLK DANCES

 PARTICIPATION AND SPECTACULAR DANCES

 Participation Dance
It is also known as group-participation dance or audience participation
dance, is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles based
on purpose. The purpose of this type of dance is to actively encourage dancing
(participation) in a group. The dancing that is encouraged might be among those
who would otherwise be passive dance viewers, or it might be among dancers
who are encouraged to dance in a new way, or with new partners.

Participation dance is also the common name for social games based on

dancing. These can be seen, for example, at weddings, festivals, and other large
social gatherings.
Some of these dances consist of a few simple steps which are learned
during participation, either from simple instructions given by a dance leader or
from watching others who are already experienced at the routine. Examples
are Electric Slide, Macarena, YMCA, and the Chicken Dance.
Other participation dances have an easily learned song that is sung to the
music and which may act as a reminder of the steps. Examples are the Hokey-
cokey, and the similar Hokey Pokey. Cuing by a danceleader is not uncommon
in this type of participation dance.

Participation dance games

Elimination
Elimination rules disqualify a dancer or dancers. This can be include of
lack of endurance, entering a particular part of the floor, a specific age, and so on.
Follow the leader
 A designated leader makes some motions, usually repeating several times,
and the rest repeat the motions. In some cases the dancers form a chain or a file.
Examples of the latter case are Conga line, Bunny Hop and Finnish
dance Letkajenkka. The "Letkajenkka", also known as Letkajenka, Letkiss
and Letka-Enka, was a dance craze in Europe during the 1960s. It is an
adaptation of Madison, Conga and Bunny Hop dances, played to a Finnish
traditional folk dance song.
Mixer dance
A mixer dance or dance mixer is a kind of participation game for dancers
that have some skills in social dancing. During a song or several songs of a dance
or dances well-known to participants (Waltz, Foxtrot, West Coast Swing, etc.), at
certain moments pairs exchange partners in a random way. The rules of "mixing"
vary.

 SPECTACULAR DANCE
THEATRICAL or SPECTACULAR DANCE – this type of dance is so called
because it is performed for the entertainment of spectators. Theatrical dancing
includes the ballet, modern dance, musical comedy dances, and tap dancing. 

 BALLET
Ballet is an art form created by the movement of the human body. It is
theatrical – performed on a stage to an audience utilizing costumes, scenic
design and lighting. It can tell a story or express a thought, concept or
emotion. Ballet dance can be magical, exciting, provoking or disturbing.

History of Ballet
Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century.
Noblemen and women were treated to lavish events, especially wedding
celebrations, where dancing and music created an elaborate spectacle.
Dancing masters taught the steps to the nobility, and the court participated in
the performances. In the 16th century, Catherine de Medici — an Italian
noblewoman, wife of King Henry II of France and a great patron of the
arts — began to fund ballet in the French court. Her elaborate festivals
encouraged the growth of ballet de cour, a program that included  dance,
decor, costume, song, music and poetry. A century later, King Louis XIV
helped to popularize and standardize the art form. A passionate dancer, he
performed many roles himself, including that of the Sun King in Ballet de la
nuit. His love of ballet fostered its elevation from a past time for amateurs to
an endeavor requiring professional training.
The popularity of ballet soared in Russia, and, during the latter half of the
19th century, Russian choreographers and composers took it to new heights.
Marius Petipa’s The Nutcracker, The Sleeping Beauty  and Swan Lake, by
Petipa and Lev Ivanov, represent classical ballet in its grandest form. The
main purpose was to display classical technique — pointe work, high
extensions, precision of movement and turn-out (the outward rotation of the
legs from the hip)—to the fullest.

Types of Ballet

1. Story ballets (not surprisingly!) tell a story. They contain narrative action,

characters, a beginning and an end. The Nutcracker and The Sleeping
Beauty are famous story ballets from the 19th century; classic stories and
novels such as The Great Gatsby and The Three Musketeers also have
been transformed into ballets.
2. Plotless ballets have no storyline. Instead they use the movement of the
body and theatrical elements to interpret music, create an image or express
or provoke emotion. Choreographer George Balanchine was a prolific
creator of plotless ballets.

Styles of Ballet
1. Classical ballet is what people generally think of  first when it comes
to “ballet.” Classical ballet reached its height in 19th- century Russia
through the work of choreographers like Marius Petipa and Lev
Ivanov. The following elements characterize this style:
• graceful, flowing movements
• classical form: turn-out of the legs and pointe work
• balance and symmetry
• ethereal quality
• emphasis on story ballets and narrative
• elaborate sets and costumes
2. Neo-classical ballet was introduced in the 20th century by
choreographers like George Balanchine. It generally includes:
• increased speed, energy and attack
• manipulation of the classical form
• asymmetry, an off-balance feel
 • non-narrative, often one-act ballets
• pared-down aesthetic with simple sets and costumes
3. Contemporary ballet is influenced by modern dance. Renowned
contemporary ballet choreographers include Twyla Tharp, Jiří Kylián,
Paul Taylor, William Forsythe and Dwight Rhoden. In contemporary
ballet, you may see:
• floor work
• turn-in of the legs
• greater range of movement and body line
• pointe shoes but also bare feet

 MODERN DANCE
• Modern dance is a form of dance which focuses on the serious
expression of inner emotions, using a free-flowing, interpretive style,
rather than following the rigid rules characteristic of many dance
disciplines.
• In a modern dance performance, the dancer is often barefoot, or
wearing soft shoes. He or she moves in a free, almost improvisational
style, and it is common to see controlled falls and other interesting
interplays of body weight and gravity. Unlike ballet, which reaches for
the stars with leaps and high kicks, this style of dance often lingers
near the ground, especially in a piece heavily influenced by
psychology and intense emotional states.

History of Modern Dance

The beginnings of modern dance in the United States (Germany also had a
related and influential dance movement) are traced to the early 20th century to a
group of dancers often labeled the forerunners of modern dance. Isadora Duncan,
Loie Fuller, Ruth St. Dennis, and her husband and partner Ted Shawn, each made
significant contributions to a new type of concert dance in America.
Famous Figures in Modern Dance

Ruth St Denis Martha Graham Isadora Duncan

 JAZZ DANCE
Any of various styles of dance combining elements of ballet and tap dance, often 
performed to jazz.
Jazz dancing is a form that showcases a dancer's originality. All jazz dancers
interpret and execute moves and steps in their own way. This type of dancing
consists of fancy footwork, big leaps, and quick turns. To excel in jazz, dancers
need a strong background in ballet, as it encourages grace and balance.
Jazz steps include basic turns, including chaines, piques, pirouettes, jazz turns,
and some ballet turns, to name a few. Leaps include grande jetes, turning jumps,
and tour jetes. Signature to jazz dancing is the "jazz walk." Jazz walks can be
performed in many different styles. Another popular jazz move is the
"contraction." A contraction is accomplished by contracting the torso, with the
back curved outward and the pelvis pulled forward. You'll also learn the basic
jazz square and leg holds. Learning jazz dance technique takes a lot of practice.
History of Jazz Dance
Jazz dance was a style that originated from African American dance and in the
1950s “modern jazz dance” emerged, with roots in Caribbean traditional dance.
Jazz dance is based on dance moves that slaves brought to America. Slaver
owners would make the captured Africans dance as a way to keep them physically
fit. Originally, jazz dance referred to any kind of movements performed to jazz
music, including tap dancing. Early jazz dancing was interpretive and
unstructured but soon evolved into more structured, theatrical performances.
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, jazz dance gained in popularity and garnered
acclaim. Some studios even taught jazz dance. Eventually, jazz dancing found its
way to Broadway, rivaling ballet in popularity. By the 1950s, jazz dance included
moves from both ballet and contemporary dance. It was also influenced by Latin
and Caribbean Music.
Influential Jazz Dancers
The father of theatrical jazz dance, Jack Cole developed techniques that are used
today in musicals, films, television commercials, and videos. His style
emphasized isolations, rapid directional changes, angled placement, and long knee
slides.
A winner of eight Tony awards, Bob Fosse was a musical theater choreographer
and director and a film director. Characteristics of his dance style are inward
knees, rounded shoulders, and full-body isolations.
Considered a founder of jazz dance also known as “Godfather of American Jazz
Dancing”, Gus Giordano was a master teacher and gifted choreographer. His
dance style has influenced modern jazz dancing. Many jazz teachers employ his
methods in their classes.

 STEPTANZ
Steptanz is a German term for Tap dance, a style of dance in which a dancer wearing
shoes fitted with heel and toe taps sounds out audible beats by rhythmically striking the
floor or any other hard surface.
A brief history of tap dance
In the early 19th century, it was originated in the United States. It originated at the
crossroads of Irish American and African dance forms. Tap dance came into being
because slave owners took away the traditional African percussion instruments. Slaves
tried to retain their cultural identities and express themselves by turning to percussive
dancing. From the British Isles, these dancing styles connected with clog dancing. As a
result, they created a unique form of rhythm and movement. 
In early times, shoes contain wooden soles. Sometimes pennies attached to toe and heels
were also observed. Tap dance gained popularity after the Civil War. In the traveling
minstrel shows where black and white performers wore blackface and they have amazed
black people by portraying them as comical, dumb, and lazy. 

Styles of Tap Dancing

• Walk step - The most basic tap move and most likely the first that beginners will
learn. It simply involves stepping normally across the dance floor, in time to the
rhythm of the music.
• Step-heel - Slightly more advanced than the walk step, this move sees the dancer step
so that the ball of their foot comes down first, just before the heel. This way, two
distinct sounds are created.
• The stamp - Here, the dancer puts his or her foot down sharply, with both the ball of
the foot and the heel loudly hitting the ground at the same time to create one big tap.
• The brush - In this step, the dancer swings his or her leg forwards and backwards,
with the ball of the foot brushing the floor during the sweep.
• Cramp-roll - A more complex move, the cramp-roll sees the dancer jump into the air
and then land on the ball of one foot, before bringing down the ball of the other foot
and then one heel after the other. This should occur in a steady rhythm.

The Greats of Tap Dancing

Master Juba, born William Henry Lane was one of the early black tap dancers who
visited with a white minstrel group. Another thing associated with Master Juba is he was
the first black tap dancer to perform for a white audience. Master Juba is famous for
blending African and European dance forms, and he offered a technically brilliant and
fast dance style. 
Bill “Bojangles” Robinson. He began tap dancing in minstrel shows. He is credited for
being the first American-African dancer to perform without blackface. He adapted
quickly according to the changing tastes of the era. He moves to Broadway, Vaudeville,
television, radio programs, and Hollywood. The most popular dancing routine associated
with Robinson is dancing up and down the staircase and on each step involves complex
rhythms. 
 Peg Leg Bates loses his leg in a cotton gin accident, and he was a child then. He taught
himself to dance.  He performed and danced in the Ed Sullivan Show, in films, and
Vaudeville. He is known for performing with lots of others with physical disabilities. 
Jeni Le Gon was the first female to perform with Fred Astaire. She was the first black
woman to perform on the screen and later they became an important tap pedagogue.

References:
• Participation dance
http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Participation%20dance/en-en/
• Spectacular dance
https://www.slideshare.net/rodelcgarcia/dance-17544561
• Ballet
https://www.pbt.org/learn-and-engage/resources-audience-members/ballet-
101/what-is-ballet/
https://www.pbt.org/learn-and-engage/resources-audience-members/ballet-
101/brief-history-ballet/
• Modern dance
https://www.infobloom.com/what-is-modern-dance.htm
• Jazz dance
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-jazz-dance-history-terms.html
https://www.liveabout.com/jazz-dance-basics-1007436
• Steptanz
https://danceivy.com/blogs/news/history-of-tap-dance
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/german-english/steptanz
https://www.realbuzz.com/articles-interests/sports-activities/article/tap-dance-for-
fitness/
Submitted by:
Group 4
Cristine Joy Escalada
Danica Faye Duabe
Ma. Jonaville Casimero
Gian Cervales
Chester Deloria

Submitted to:
Prof. Princess Mae Sangrones