PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3

“Mag focus po kayo sa mga effects ng dance sa emotional, physical, mental, and social
ng tao pati na rin po sa mga elements ng dancing” - Sir De Dios

Lesson 01:
Dance: Effects And Benefits

WHAT EFFECTS DOES DANCING HAVE ON THE HUMAN BODY?

- better coordination, agility and flexibility. improved balance and spatial awareness.
increased physical confidence. improved mental functioning.
● Aerobic Exercise
- Dancing offers cardiovascular conditioning that may lower your risk of coronary
heart disease.
● Calories Burned
- Depending on the type of dance you choose, the number of calories burned will
vary.
● Psychologically
- Dancing offers an opportunity to be with others, and to work off stress and
fatigue. The music that accompanies dancing can heighten energy and mood,
and provide an enjoyable time.
OTHER EFFECTS
1. Improved condition of your heart and lungs.
2. Increased muscular strength, endurance and motor fitness.
3. Weight management
4. Better coordination, agility and flexibility.
5. Improved balance and spatial awareness.
6. Better social
7. Greater self-confidence and self-esteem.
8. Increased physical confidence and improved mental functioning.
CAN ANYBODY DANCE?
- Anybody can dance, no matter how young or old they are, or how physically fit they are.
People in wheelchairs can move and spin in time to the music, while those who are
immobile can move their hands or heads. Deaf people can feel the vibrations of music
and respond.
WHY DO PEOPLE DANCE?
- People have a natural urge to move in time to music. They dance to celebrate an event,
or for entertainment and relaxation. Dance is an important part of many religions. Around
the world, many folk dances mark.
- Dance springs from a human desire for personal expression and social connection.
Lesson 02:
Dance History

WHEN DID DANCING CAME ABOUT?

- Archeologists found evidences of early dance in a 9,000 year old paintings in India at
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, and Egyptian tomb paintings depicting dancing figures,
dated C. 3300 BC.
● History
- The history of dance is difficult to access because dance does not often leave
behind clearly identifiable physical artifacts that last over millennia, such as stone
tools, hunting implements or cave paintings.
- It is not possible to identify with exact precision when dance became part of
human culture.
WHAT IS THE OLDEST DANCE FORM?
- Historians consider the dance form that is today known as belly dance/dancing as the
oldest form of dance. It originated 6,000 years ago and was practiced by many ancient
cultures.
● Belly Dancing
- Even though the modern belly dance has many negative connotations and is
considered to be seductive, it had a totally different purpose in ancient times.
- Originally, it was performed only by women.
- For women, sometimes as a part of goddess worship and sometimes to celebrate
womanhood. Its practical purpose was to exercise the abdominal muscles of
women so that they could go through pregnancy and childbirth successfully.
● Classical Dance
- Classical Dance is historic and takes many years to learn.
- Western Classical Dance is called Ballet.
- Choreography is used to create classical dance.
- Choreography is the arrangement of dance steps and movements into an
organized sequence. This means that every dancer knows exactly what steps to
perform throughout the performance. Dance is usually choreographed to music.
● Improvisation
- Unlike classical dance, improvised dance has no formal steps, although it can be
choreographed. Improvisation is the basis of contemporary or modern dance. In
it, dancers express their feelings in their movements to create a highly personal,
natural performance.
● Contemporary Dance
- Contemporary Dance began at the start of the 20th century when U.S.dancer
Isadora Duncan (1878-1927) broke away from ballet and developed her own,
more natural style.
 - Contemporary Dance has many different styles, some of them closely linked to
music, such as Jazz, Rock and Roll, and Hip-hop.

DANCES
TYPES OF DANCES
● Ballet - mostly performed to classical music, this dance style focuses on strength,
technique and flexibility.
● Ballroom Dancing - this involves a number of partner-dancing styles such as the waltz,
swing, foxtrot, rumba and tango.
● HIP-HOP - performed mostly to hip-hop music, this urban dance style can involve
breaking, popping, locking and freestyling.
● Square Dancing - type of folk dancing where four couples dance in a square pattern,
moving around each other and changing partners.
● Pole Dancing - has become increasingly popular as a form of exercise. It involves
sensual dancing with a vertical pole, and requires muscle endurance, coordination, and
upper-and-lower body strength.
● Jazz - a high energy dance style involving kicks, leaps, and turns to the beat of the
music.
● Tap Dancing - focuses on timing and beats. The name originates from the tapping
sounds made when the small metal plates on the dancer’s shoes touch the ground.
Recall
1. Modern dance is a style deprived of the restrictions of classical ballet that focuses on
free interpretations derived from inner emotions. Contemporary dance is a style of
expressive dance that combines elements of several dance genres including modern,
jazz, lyrical and classical ballet.
2. Improvisation can help dancers understand what types of movement patterns suit them
and figure out their own unique style!
3. 9,000 YEAR OLD PAINTINGS IN INDIA AT ROCK SHELTERS OF BHIMBETKA
5300-YEAR OLD EGYPT
4. The oldest dance form is Belly Dancing also known as “Birth Dance”

Lesson 03:
Contemporary and Modern Dance

What is Modern Dance?

- Modern dance is often considered to have emerged as a rejection of, or rebellion
against, classical ballet.
- In the late 19th century, dance artists such as Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, and Louie
Fuller were pioneering new forms and practices in what is now called aesthetic or free
dance for performance.
- These dancers disregarded ballet’s strict movement vocabulary, the particular, limited set
of movements that were considered proper to ballet, and stopped wearing corsets and
pointe shoes in search for greater freedom of movement.
 - Modern Dance has evolved with each subsequent generation of participating artists.
Artistic content has morphed and shifted from one choreographer to another, as have
styles and techniques.
American modern dance can be divided into three periods or eras:
1. Early Period (C. 1880 - 1923)
Eurythmics
- A system form of teaching musical rhythms through body movements.
- The art of harmonious bodily movement especially through expressive timed
movements in response to improvised music.
- Isadora Duncan. Ruth St. Denis, and Mary Wigman.
2. The 1930’s (C. 1923 - 1946)
- The second wave of modern dancers emerged.
- They turned to basic movement experiences and transformed this natural
movement into dance movement.
- Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Hanya Holm.
3. Postwar Developments (C. 1946 - 1957)
- The third period began after WWII ended in 1945 and continues today.
- Their works combined and fused techniques drawn from social dance, ballet, and
modern dance.
“Music and rhythm bodily movement are twin sisters of art, as they have come into existence
simultaneously…today we see in the artistic work of Isadora Suncan, Maud Allan, and others
the use of a form of dancing which strives to portray in movements what the music master
expresses in his compositions - interpretative dancing.” - Emil Rath

Pioneers of Modern Dance

1. Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 - April 1991)

- Founding mother of contemporary and modern dance.
- The first dancer ever invited to perform at the white house and received a medal
of freedom.
- Seven decades dancer and choreographer.
2. Mercier Philip “Merce” Cunningham (April 16, 1919 - July 26, 2009)
- Developed “Choreography by chance,” a technique in which selected isolated
movements are assigned sequence by such random method as tossing a coin.
- American dancer and choreographer, forefront of the modern dance for more
than 50 years.
3. Lester Horton (January 23, 1906 - November 2, 1953)
- “Who are you? If you’re you, don’t try to dance like him or her. Dance like
yourself. Your own personal individuality is your most priceless asset.”
- Established the first racially integrated dance company.

Pioneers of Contemporary Dance

 - The earliest dancers were rebels who took inspiration from European dancers but
developed a unique dance in their own. Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, and Jose
Limon.
- Around the 1980's, the word “Contemporary Dance” was referred to the movement of the
new dancers who did not want to follow strict classical ballet and lyrical dance forms.
Instead wanted to explore the area of revolutionary unconventional movements.

1. Martha Graham
2. Merce Cunningham
3. Lester Horton
- The 3 mentioned dancers wanted to show the world that contemporary dancers should
embrace freedom, ignore old dance conventions and explore the limits of the human
body and visual expression of feelings.

1. Isadora Duncan (May 26, 1877 - September 14, 1927)

- Developed an approach to dance that emphasized naturalistic movement.
- Rejected classical dance training entirely and centered her expressive
choreography emotion, sculpture, poetry, classical music and freedom of
movements.
2. Ruth St. Denis (January 20, 1879 - July 21, 1968)
- First Lady of American Dance.
- Incorporated native american dance, oriental religions and mysticism into her
style of dance.
- “I see dance being used as communication between body and soul, to express
what it is too deep to find for words.”
3. Jose Arcadio Limon (January 12, 1908 - December 2, 1972)
- A Mexican born dancer and choreographer recognized as an important figure in
the American modern dance movement of the 1930’s - 1960’s.
- He created the limon techniques that emphasize the natural rhythms of fall and
recovery.
4. Alice Reyes (Philippines) (October 14, 1942)
- The mother of contemporary dance in the Philippines.
- Founder of “Ballet Philippines” the country’s premiere company in ballet and
contemporary dance.
- Proclaimed national artist by President Aquino III on June 20, 2014.
- Her legacy is to develop and promote dance arts nationwide, and even pioneered
contemporary dance in the Philippines.
Elements and Styles of Dance
● Movement
★ Locomotor - Locomotor skills are movements of the body that occur from one
place to another, such as walk, run, leap, jump, skip, slide and gallop (dash).
★ Non-Locomotor - Non-locomotor skills are movements of the body that do not
involve moving from one place to another, such as, bend, twist, stretch, swing,
leading/following.
 ● Time
- Fast/Medium/Slow with music or without music.

● Space
★ Levels: Low, medium, high
★ Direction: Forward, backward, sideways, diagonal, and turning.
★ Focus: Straight or curved, open or close.
● Energy
- Strong or light.
Dance Styles
● Narrative
- This style expresses a message or a story through movements.
● Chance
- It is based on random selection of movements.
- The dancers learn many combinations of movements but do not know what order
they will be performing until right before the performance.
● Contact Improvisation
- It is done as a duet or in a group, the movements are impressed as each dancer
follows each other’s movements and reacts to them.
- Dancers move in and out of physical contact while rolling, spiraling, supporting
and falling.
● Improvisation
- A process of producing spontaneous movements stemming from a specific
stimulus, such as sounds and colors.
● Post-Modern
- It experiments with new concepts and forms and is sometimes referred to as
experimental minimalist dance.

1. Sustained
2. Percussive
3. Vibratory
4. Swinging
5. Suspended
6. Collapsing

Exercises Stretch:
1.Walking
2. Jogging
3. Head bending
4. Head twisting
5. Head rotation
6. Shoulder Rotation
7. Double Arm Rotation
8. Wings stretching
9. Waist Rotation
10. Half Knee Bend
11. Whole Knee Bend
12. Foot Rotation
13. Foot Lift
15. Jumping Jacks
16. Inhale & Exhale