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    Wa0015

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    anosh khan
    The document describes the reversible adiabatic process and equations relating the temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V) changes during such a process. It then provides examples of calculating work (W), heat (Q), change in internal energy (ΔU), and change in enthalpy (ΔH) for ideal gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes between initial and final states.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wa0015

    Uploaded by

    anosh khan
    48 views9 pages
    The document describes the reversible adiabatic process and equations relating the temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V) changes during such a process. It then provides examples of calculating work (W), heat (Q), change in internal energy (ΔU), and change in enthalpy (ΔH) for ideal gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes between initial and final states.

    Original Title

    DOC-20190621-WA0015

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    The document describes the reversible adiabatic process and equations relating the temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V) changes during such a process. It then provides examples of calculating work (W), heat (Q), change in internal energy (ΔU), and change in enthalpy (ΔH) for ideal gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes between initial and final states.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views9 pages

    Wa0015

    Uploaded by

    anosh khan
    The document describes the reversible adiabatic process and equations relating the temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V) changes during such a process. It then provides examples of calculating work (W), heat (Q), change in internal energy (ΔU), and change in enthalpy (ΔH) for ideal gases undergoing various thermodynamic processes between initial and final states.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    THE REVESIBLE ABIABATIC PROCESS

    In adiabatic process, no heat is transferred from and to the system, so


    the first law of thermodynamics equation will be
    dU = dW= - PdV
    For any process
    dU = Cv dT
    Therefore Cv dT = - PdV
    𝑅𝑇
    But for one mole of a gas PV=RT-------- P=
    𝑉
    𝑅𝑇
    Cv dT = - dV
    𝑉
    𝑑𝑇 𝑅 𝑑𝑉
    =− ……………… (1)
    𝑇 𝐶𝑣 𝑉
    𝐶𝑝
    Let = and we have Cp= Cv + R
    𝐶𝑣
    𝐶𝑣+𝑅
    =
    𝐶𝑣
    𝑅
    = −1
    𝐶𝑣
    𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑉
    Therefore = −( − 1)
    𝑇 𝑉
    After integration
    𝑇2 𝑉2
    ln = −( − 1) ln
    𝑇1 𝑉1
    Or
    𝑇2 𝑉2 −( )
    ln = ln ( )
    𝑇1 𝑉1

    𝑇2 𝑉1
    Or ln = ln ( )
    𝑇1 𝑉2

    𝑇2 𝑉1
    Or = ……………… (2)
    𝑇1 𝑉2
    𝑃 1𝑉 1 𝑃 2𝑉 2 𝑉1 𝑇1𝑃 2
    = =
    𝑇1 𝑇2 OR 𝑉2 𝑇2𝑃 1
    Substituting in (1)
    𝑇2 𝑇1𝑃2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2𝑃1

    𝑇2 𝑇1 𝑃2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑃1

    𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑃2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑃1

    𝑇2 = 𝑃2
    𝑇1 𝑃1

    𝑇2 𝑃2
    = ……… (3)
    𝑇1 𝑃1

    𝑇2 𝑉1
    = ……………… (2)
    𝑇1 𝑉2
    Equating (2) & (3)
    𝑉1 𝑃2
    =
    𝑉2 𝑃1

    𝑉1 𝑃2
    =
    𝑉2 𝑃1
    P1 V1 = P2 V2
    dW = Cv dT
    Integration will give
    W =Cv (T2 – T1)

    𝑅
    As Cv =
    −1
    𝑅 𝑃1 𝑉 1 𝑃2 𝑉 2
    W= (T – T1) T1 = & T2 =
    −1 2 𝑅 𝑅

    𝑅 𝑃 2𝑉 2 𝑃 1𝑉 1
    W= ( - )
    −1 𝑅 𝑅
    1
    W= (𝑃2𝑉2 - 𝑃1𝑉1) …………… (4)
    −1
    V2 usually not known. We can find it from the following equation
    P1 V1 = P2 V2
    P V  P V 
    V2 = 1 1
    or V2 = ( 1 1
    ) 1/γ
    P2 P2

    Substituting V2 in equation (4)


    1 P1 V1 1/γ
    W= [𝑃2( ) - 𝑃1𝑉1 ]
    −1 P2
    𝑃1𝑉1 P2
    W= [( P )(γ − 1)/γ- 1]
    −1 1
    𝑅𝑇1 P2
    W= [( ) (γ − 1)/γ- 1]
    −1 P1
    For monoatomic gases  = 1.67
    For diatomic gases  = 1.4
    For polyatomic gases = 1.3
    One mole of an ideal gas with CP = (7/2)R and CV = (5/2)R expands from P1 = 8
    bar and T1 = 600 K to P2 = 1 bar by each of the following paths:
    (a) Constant volume;
    (b) Constant temperature;
    (c) Adiabatically.
    Assuming mechanical reversibility, calculate W, Q, ΔU, and ΔH for each
    process.
    One mole of an ideal gas with CP = (5/2)R and CV = (3/2)R expands from P1
    = 6 bar and T1 = 800 K to P2 = 1 bar by each of the following paths:
    (a) Constant volume
    (b) Constant temperature
    (c) Adiabatically
    Assuming mechanical reversibility, calculate W, Q, ΔU, and ΔH for each
    process.
    One mole of air, initially at 150°C and 8 bar, undergoes the following
    mechanically reversible changes. It expands isothermally to a pressure such
    that when it is cooled at constant volume to 50°C its final pressure is 3 bar.
    Assuming air is an ideal gas for which CP = (7/2)R and CV = (5/2)R, calculate
    W, Q, ΔU, and ΔH.
    One mole of an ideal gas, initially at 30°C and 1 bar, is changed to 130°C
    and 10 bar by three different mechanically reversible processes:

    1. The gas is first heated at constant volume until its temperature is


    130°C; then it is compressed isothermally until its pressure is 10
    bar.
    2. The gas is first heated at constant pressure until its temperature is
    130°C; then it is compressed isothermally to 10 bar.
    3. The gas is first compressed isothermally to 10 bar; then it is heated
    at constant pressure to 130°C.
    Calculate Q, W, ΔU, and ΔH in each case. Take CP = (7/2)R and CV =
    (5/2)R. Alternatively, take CP = (5/2)R and CV = (3/2)R.

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