UV - VIS Spectrometer: #7 Ph211 (Iisc) 2019
UV - VIS Spectrometer: #7 Ph211 (Iisc) 2019
UV - VIS Spectrometer: #7 Ph211 (Iisc) 2019
UV – VIS spectrometer
Aim of the Experiment:
Task 1: Find the energy band gap of given materials (samples) by measuring the absorption
spectrum using UV-VISIBLE spectrometer and identify the type of material.
Task 2: Find the thickness of the thin films for a given set of samples (aluminium)
Principle:
UV-Visible spectrometer measures the intensity of light passing through the sample (I) and
compares it to the calibrated intensity (I0). The ratio I/I0 is called the transmittance for a
particular wavelength.
The sources of UV-Visible light are tungsten and deuterium lamps. If the current in the
circuit is gradually increased from zero, the tungsten lamp filament at first can be felt to be
emitting warmth, then glows dull red and then gradually brightness until it emits an intense
white light (visible light). Later, source of light will be switched to Deuterium lamp, which
emits UV (ultra violet) light. The diffraction setup incorporated in the spectrometer
selectively separates different wavelengths from 200−1100 nm with desired step size.
Formula:
Task 1:
Calculate energy band gap of a given material using method 1 as well as method 2 as given below
Method 1:
ℎ𝑐
Band gap energy, E =
𝜆
where h = 6.626x10−34 JS, c = 3x108 ms-1
1.24x10−6
∴E= eV, 𝜆 in meter
𝜆
Method 2:
Energy band gap of a given material can be precisely calculated using Tauc method as given below.
𝐴(ℎ𝜈 − 𝐸𝑔 )𝑛
∝=
ℎ𝜈
Plotting graph of (αℎ𝜈)1/n Vs ℎ𝜈 , we will get slope as 𝐴1/𝑛 and y intercept as 𝐴1/𝑛 𝐸𝑔 . Dividing y
intercept by An, we can estimate the band gap. For the present case n=? (find yourself!)
Task 2
Thickness calculations
Absorbance A = - Log (I/I0)
I=I0 e-t/δ
Where,
I0= intensity of the glass plate
I= intensity of the coated glass sample
t= thickness of the sample
δ= skin depth of the material
𝜌𝜆
𝛿=√
𝜋𝑐𝜇
Where,
ρ= resistivity (for Aluminium 2.8 x 10-8 Ω m)
λ= wavelength
c= velocity of light
μ= absolute magnetic permeability. (1.256 x 10-6 H/m)
Calculate thickness for 3 wavelengths for a given sample/slide and take the average of them.
Experiment procedure:
First turn on the switch provided back side of the device and leave it for 15 minutes for warm up
Press on Main menu and select “wavelength scan” and press “Enter”.
Step 2: Parameters setup
Press right arrow to set parameters, set “Scan From” , “Scan to” , “Scan step” and “Scan speed “,
press enter to confirm.
To take reference, choose “T%”, “Abs” or “E” and press “Enter” to confirm. Reference can be air,
glass plate, empty cuvette, or cuvette with distilled water. It depends upon your sample.
𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑅𝑇
Put the sample in the light path. Press to scan the sample Base line, Press “ESC” to cancel.
𝑆𝑇𝑂𝑃
Result:
References:
1. http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/146681-Principle-working-and-applications-
of-UV-spectroscopy.aspx
2. Spectroscopic Analysis of Lead Borate Systems, Akash Daniel Georgi, K.P. Ramesh, K. J.
Mallikarjunaiah, AIP Conference Proceedings 1942, 070021 (2018); doi: 10.1063/1.5028819
DAE-2017 poster
3. http://www.bio.huji.ac.il/upload/Optical_Spectrophotometers_Tutorial.pdf
4. http://mtweb.mtsu.edu/nchong/Spectroscopy-CHEM6230.pdf
5. Mamiyev and Balayeva, Preparation and optical studies of PbS nanoparticles optical
materials, 46, 522 (2015)