Starting Methods of 3-Phase Induction Motor

EE 3030
STARTING METHODS OF 3-PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR
University of Moratuwa
DISCUSSION
Purpose of a starting method.

There are two important factors that should concern when starting an induction motor.
1. The starting current drawn from the supply.

2. The starting torque.
The starting current should be kept low to avoid overheating of motor and excessive voltage drop of
the supply network. This could also cause to damage the adjoining equipments. The starting torque
must be about 50 to 100% more than the expected load torque to ensure that the motor runs up In a
reasonably short time. By using a proper starter, we can improve the lifetime of motor.
Direct on Line (DOL) switch starter.

This is the simplest and the most inexpensive method to start an induction motor. The DOL starter
consists of a switch and an overload protection relay.
The motor is switch on directly to the full supply voltage. Hence, the starting current is large, normally
5 to 7 times of rated current. But the starting torque is likely to be 0.75 to 2 times the full load torque.
So the motor will start as quickly as it can. To avoid voltage drop of excessive supply voltage drops
because of large starting currents the method is restricted to small motors only (up to 5 kW).
Star-Delta starter.
This is applicable to motors designed for delta connection in normal running conditions. The two ends
of each phase of the stator winding are brought out to the starter. When the starter moved to the
starting position, these stator windings are connected in star. After the motor is accelerated, the starter
is quickly moved to the running position. Now the stator windings are connected in delta connection.
By using this method we can reduce the starting current by 3 times. But the starting torque will also
reduced by 3 times.
The name plate data of the induction motor that we used:
Power: 5.5 hp Rated current: 13.8A, Delta
Rated voltage: 245 V, Delta 7.6A, Star
425V, Star Power factor: 0.88

Autotransformer starter
This method also reduces the initial voltage applied to the motor and therefore the starting current
and torque. The motor, which can be connected permanently in delta or in star, is switched first on
reduced voltage from a 3-phase tapped auto -transformer and when it has accelerated sufficiently, it is
switched to the running (full voltage) position. The principle is similar to star/delta starting and has
similar limitations.
Autotransformer method Vs star-delta method:
 Both reduce the starting current.

 Star-Delta method reduces starting current only by 3 times of delta current, but the
autotransformer method can be used to reduce the starting current continuously.
 Both reduce the starting torque.
 In autotransformer method we can adjust the starting torque by using the correct tapping, but in
Star-Delta method this is not possible.
 At the change over period from star to delta, the transient current is high in the star delta method.
 Autotransformer method is more expensive than the Star-Delta method.
Rotor resistance starter.

This can be used only with wound rotor induction machines. We can connect an external variable
resistor to the rotor through the slip rings. At the start keep the resister value to its maximum value and
gradually reduces when the motor speeds up. When motor comes to its rated speed we can remove the
external resistor and short circuit the slip rings. By using this method we can increase the starting
torque and reduce the starting current. So this is more useful than other alternatives that are discussed
above.
The name plate data of the induction motor that we used:
Rated voltage: 245 V, Delta Rated current: 14A, Delta
425V, Star 8.3A, Star
Power factor: 0.8 Class: A
Reversing the direction of rotation of a 3 phase induction motor.

We can reverse the direction of rotation of a 3 phase induction motor by simply interchanging any two
phase terminals to the supply. This creates a rotating magnetic field in opposite direction in the air
gap. That leads to create a torque in opposite direction.

Starting Methods of 3-Phase Induction Motor

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EE 3030

STARTING METHODS OF 3-PHASE

Purpose of a starting method.

1. The starting current drawn from the supply.

Direct on Line (DOL) switch starter.

The name plate data of the induction motor that we used:

Power: 5.5 hp Rated current: 13.8A, Delta

Rated voltage: 245 V, Delta 7.6A, Star

425V, Star Power factor: 0.88

Autotransformer method Vs star-delta method:

 Both reduce the starting current.

Rotor resistance starter.

The name plate data of the induction motor that we used:

Rated voltage: 245 V, Delta Rated current: 14A, Delta

425V, Star 8.3A, Star

Power factor: 0.8 Class: A

Reversing the direction of rotation of a 3 phase induction motor.

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