Excitation System General

MD2 Turbine and Generator Operation and Maintenance

Training Program

13.09.30
T/G Electrical and I&C Design Team

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SUMMARY

1. Excitation System Overview

2. Excitation System Type

3. Basics of Power Electronics

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Table of Contents

1. Excitation System Overview

1.1 Exciter
1.2 Synchronous Generator
1.3 Steady state function of Excitation System
1.4 Transient state function of Excitation System
1.5 Configuration of Excitation System
1.6 Control Function of Excitation System
1.7 Protection Function of Excitation System
1.8 Hardware Component of Excitation System 2
1.1 Exciter

AC to DC
+
Rectifier

AC Power
Source
_

Generator Rotor

Exciter
 The exciter produces the field excitation current to control generator ac
terminal voltage.

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1.2 Synchronous Generator (1)

EA Vø
IA

1. Exciter On – Supply Field Current

BR Bnet 2. Lag Load Connection (GCB On)

– Generate Stator Current

BS 3. Stator Magnetic Field by Stator Current

4. Field / Stator Magnetic Field Vector Sum

5. Generator Terminal Voltage (Vø )

Estat

4
1.2 Synchronous Generator (2)
◆ Generator Characteristic Curves

Estimated Saturation and Estimated Reactive Estimated “V”

Synchronous Impedance Capability Curves Curves
Curves

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1.2 Synchronous Generator (3)

IFNL (No Load Field Current)

IFSI (Synchronous Impedance Field Current)

IFFL (Full Load Field Current)

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1.2 Synchronous Generator (4)

Over Excitation Limit

A
C B
Stator Current Limit
B
Under Excitation Limit
A

Actual Under Excitation

Limit

E
D

D C

0.1 pu

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1.3 Steady state function of Excitation System

The Excitation System allows power transfer across the air gaps in the
rotating generators and induction motor loads by establishing and
maintaining their magnetic fields.

The Excitation System maintains the magnetic fields for all load
conditions by sensing and regulating generator terminal voltage.

The Excitation System does not regulate the output power of the
generator. Power is controlled by the turbine and fuel controls.

The Excitation System regulates reactive power. Or as stated above, it

establishes the required magnetic fields by regulating generator terminal
voltage.

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1.4 Transient state function of Excitation System

For transient operation, the role of the excitation system is to maintain

the terminal voltage of the generator at a constant value.

BOILER
Transmission Line
GOVERNOR Steam Valve
Step Up
Load Transformer
GENERATOR

Turbine
EXCITATION SYSTEM
High Speed Breaker Fault

Simplified Power System

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1.5 Configuration of Excitation System

Major Building Blocks System Configurations

. Power Conversion Module . Simplex

(Controlled Rectifier Bridge) . Hot Backup
. Control Electronics . Multi-Bridge
. Protection Module
. Auxiliary Module Control Implementation

. Operator Interface
. Analogue type
. Digital type(Modern Design)

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1.6 Control Function of Excitation System

. Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR)

. Field Voltage Regulator(FVR, MVR)
. Field Current Regulator(Over Excitation Limiter)
. Under Excitation Limiter(UEL)
. Volts/Hertz Limiter
. Reactive Current Compensation(RCC)
. Power System Stabilizer(PSS)
. Power Factor/Var Controller

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1.7 Protection Function of Excitation System

. Volts/Hertz Protection
. Under Excitation Protection
. Over Excitation Protection
. Off-Line Over Excitation Protection
. Exciter Phase Unbalance Protection
. Generator Over Voltage Protection
. Loss of Excitation Protection

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1.8 Hardware Component of Excitation System

. Field Flashing Module

. De - Excitation Circuit
. Shaft Voltage Suppressor
. Field Ground Detection
. Surge Protection
. PT/CT Isolation Switches
. I/O Terminals
. Strip Heaters
. Communication Line

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Table of Contents

2. Excitation System Type

2.1 Excitation System Type Overview
2.2 Bus-fed Type Exciter
2.3 Generrex-PSS Type Exciter
2.4 Alterrex Type Exciter
2.5 Brushless Type Exciter

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2.1 Excitation System Type Overview (1)

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2.1 Excitation System Type Overview (2)
◆ Excitation System Performance

HIR(High Initial Response) System Sustained Fault Support Capability

Exciter Short Typical primary

Voltage clearing time
Circuit
NON-HIR
Curren Typical backup
HIR t clearing time

Alterrex, Compound
1.0 PU

Busfed

2 Seconds
0.5 Seconds 1

The Excitation System can be reached 95% of To supply fault current to the power
the specified ceiling voltage in 0.1 second or less systems for a period time after the fault
has taken place in order to be properly
operate the relay

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2.2 Bus-fed Type Exciter (1)

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2.2 Bus-fed Type Exciter (2)

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2.3 Generrex-PSS Type Exciter (1)

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2.3 Generrex-PSS Type Exciter (2)

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2.4 Alterrex Type Exciter (1)

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2.4 Alterrex Type Exciter (2)

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2.5 Brushless Type Exciter

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Table of Contents

3. Basics of Power Electronics

3.1 Thyristor
3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting
3.3 Rectifier

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3.1 Thyristor (1)

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3.1 Thyristor (2)

 Half rectifier using Thyristor

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (1)

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (2)

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (3)

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (4)

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (5)

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3.2 Six(6)-pulse AC/DC Converting (6)

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3.3 Rectifier (1)

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3.3 Rectifier (2)

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3.3 Rectifier (3)

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3.3 Rectifier (4)

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3.3 Rectifier (5)

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3.3 Rectifier (6)

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3.3 Rectifier (7)

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3.3 Rectifier (8)

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Thank You

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