Senior High School

Self-Instructional Module in
Social Science
for
Senior High School Learners

Grade Level: Grade 12

Specialized Subject: Disciplines and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences
Semester: First
Module 2

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Identify the goal and scope of counseling (MELC)

Explain the principles of counseling (MELC)

1
Specialized Subject (DIASS) – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 MODULE 2: Disciplines of Counseling
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Division of Lapu-Lapu City

Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name: Earl Adrian C. Cejas

Editor’s Name: Czarina Ritzko J. Sagarino Janice P. Cabahug Jessica M. Ngujo
Nickjohn C. Babatu-on Earl Adrian C. Cejas Karl R. Altubar
Reviewer’s Name: Teresita A. Bandolon Marigold J. Cardente Dr. Bryant C. Acar
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Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Wilfreda D. Bongalos, PhD, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Marcelita S. Dignos, Ed.D, CESE
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief : Oliver M. Tuburan, Ed.D.
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Email Address: oliver.tuburan@deped.gov.ph

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 MODULE 2
Disciplines of Counseling

I - Introduction

You are about to embark on a wonderful journey of observing the dynamics and
impact of the interaction and interrelationship of people guided by the Disciplines and
Ideas of the Applied Social Sciences and relate or apply them to real life situations and
critical development areas. As you journey, this learner-friendly module is provided
for you to comprehend and appreciate the benefits of counseling in your day-to-day
life especially in times of challenges and struggles. This material allows you to value
the importance of counseling in equipping yourself the strength and capacity to
survive, overcome and succeed over and across the difficulties in life.

Our objective is to make your journey meaningful and relevant for you as a
Senior High School student and to prepare you for your endeavor towards being a
functional and responsible citizen. While we help you achieve your goal for learning,
we also want you to enjoy this journey!

II – Learning Goals

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the goals and scope of counseling (MELC)

2. Explain the principles of counseling (MELC)
3. Apply the goals, scope and principles of counseling in dealing with case
scenarios and relate them to personal experiences requiring counseling
4. Analyze the challenges of the goals, scope and principles of counseling and
its effects to it
5. Propose possible solutions to prevent failure of counseling to help or
capacitate a person to cope up or solve his/her problems based on the
goals, scope and principles of counseling

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III - Let’s Find What You Know

Directions: Read each item carefully and decide what you think is the best answer
on the given questions. Use a separate sheet to write down your chosen answers.

1. Madasigon National High School recorded increasing incidents of early teen

pregnancies surmounting to an average of 2 young women per month. The
guidance officer of the school developed an awareness program through
conducting symposium inviting speakers from the Commission on Population
to orient and capacitate young women to advocate against early teen
pregnancy. What principle of Counseling did the school adopted?
A. Acceptance C. Non-judge
B. Communication D. Individuality

2. Pepe is a “batang ama” and he started to refrain attending classes because his
classmates would annoy him about it. His “barkadas” also rejected him on their
evening gigs. Everybody seemed to treat him differently since he became a
father. However, Andres was the only friend who remained to him and did not
rejected him because of his unwanted mistake. What principle of Counseling
was demonstrated by Andres which helped a lot to ease the feeling of Pepe?
A. Non-emotional C. Acceptance
B. Individuality D. Non-judge

3. Recent reports of Kinabuhi National High School revealed that an alarming

increase of suicide ideation among young learners has been seriously
confronting the school. The school carefully and confidentially trace these
incidents. It did not reveal any information of those involved to keep it private
since it will bring another problem is not properly tracked. This action of the
school of ensuring the confidentiality of incidents is best demonstrated in what
principle of Counseling?
A. Individuality C. Communication
B. Non-emotional D. Non-judge

4. The counseling taken by the school guidance designate in resolving the delicate
issue of a student who was reportedly being harassed by a family member was
to allow the client to make some mechanisms in surviving the trauma caused
by the incident. It was difficult for the guidance office to capacitate the student
to achieve it but it has exhausted means to achieve it as it is required for the
client to succeed in the crisis. What counseling goal did the guidance officer
managed to employ in the case?
A. Promoting decision-making C. Enhancing coping skills
B. Facilitating client potentials D. Facilitating behavior change

5. Cristina started to get easily annoyed and irritated when her classmates laugh
during their free time. Her classmates noticed her mood switching and keep
their distance away from her. Cristina pondered and reflected that something
has changed about her. She presented herself to the school guidance officer

4
 and appealed for help so that she can improve or better herself out of the
sudden unwanted behavioral change. What scope of counseling is being
struggled by Cristina?
A. Facilitating client potential C. People with problems
B. People looking for ways to D. People with mental health issue
better oneself

6. Lito and some of his friends were caught by their class adviser watching an
explicit or pornographic video in the middle of their class session. The school
guidance officer called the attention of their parents and convene in a
conference to discuss the delicate issue. This procedure in informing the
incident to the parents was appreciated by the parents themselves because
they were alerted of the whereabouts of their children. What principle of
counseling was seen to be effective in this conducted counseling?
A. Non-judge C. Acceptance
B. Individuality D. Communication

7. Madaugon National High School joined in a Division level singing competition.

Pablita was chosen by the school to represent in the said contest but she
wanted to refuse because she thought that she is not beautiful enough to
compete. Her coach motivated and pushed her to make a try. She was told that
its not about beauty that will be measured but, it would be the quality of voice
in singing. Pablita won a champion in the singing contest and expressed her
gratitude to her coach of the life-changing experience. What counseling goals
is shown in this scenario?
A. Enhancing coping skills C. Facilitating client potential
B. Facilitating behavior change D. Promoting decision-making

8. Despite the rude and harsh treatment of his classmates, Ricardo managed to
forgive them after undergoing the counseling procedures conducted by the
school guidance officer. He was very thankful that he succeeded in
understanding his situation and did not fail to cope up with the issue. What
counseling goal did Ricardo succeeded to build in this circumstance when he
did not plant hatred against anyone and instead befriended them?
A. Improving relationships C. Enhancing coping skills
B. Facilitating behavior change D. Facilitating client potential

9. A student of Ms. Claire Nacion had been very silent and alone. She wondered
what might the student was facing of being so lonely and strange. Eventually,
the student went to her privately and cried because she was harassed by
somebody in their residence. Ms. Claire immediately took the appropriate steps
to assist the student of her counseling needs. What scope of counseling did the
student acted to seek help from her teacher?
A. Facilitating client potential
B. People looking for ways to better one self
C. People with problems
D. People with mental health issue

5
 10. Donato, who is a 20 years old ex-convict wanted to enrol to Kayakap National
High School. The teachers although have known that he was imprisoned before
did not let him feel that he was a stranger and somebody to be afraid of. He
was instead welcomed and accepted by the school to renew his life by learning
to educate and become a responsible person. What principle of counseling did
the teachers have let Donato feel?
A. Acceptance C. Non-judge
B. Communication D. Individuality

IV – Let’s Learn & Experience

Learning Engagement 1: Why Don’t You Pick Me Up!
Directions: Closely take a look on the ideas inside the box and determine its
connection to Counseling in a particular aspect by:

1. Completing each aspect by supplying missing letters to form in the box provided
some clues resembled in the words describing it and;
2. Selecting among the ideas in the blue box to correctly group them according to
which aspect should they belong.

Acceptance Individuality

Enhancing coping skills Facilitating behavior change

Non-judge Non-emotional involvement

People with problems People looking for way better oneself

Promoting decision-making Facilitating client potential

Communication Improving relationships

1.

2.
G __ A __ S 3.
(Aim or desired results)
4.

5.

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 S __ O __ E 1.
(Extent or coverage)
2.

1.

2.
P_I_C_P_ES
3.
(Serve as foundation)
4.

5.

Learning Engagement 2: Match Me Now!

Directions: Refer to the goals, scope and principles of counseling in the previous
learning task and write them in the box on what you think are its
corresponding or appropriate descriptions. Use a separate sheet to write
down your answers.

GOALS DESCRIPTION

- Helping to cope with new situations &

Challenges
- Assisting individuals to make sound actions

- Increase social interaction

- Enable someone to measure their progress

- Aiding a person to use own abilities &

interests

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 SCOPE DESCRIPTION

- Helping anyone who faced challenges in life

- Assisting individuals to make sound actions

PRINCIPLES DESCRIPTION

- Understanding the holistic view of a person

- Maybe verbal as well as non-verbal

- Does not criticize or comment negatively

- Treat each one as unique and with respect

- Not carried with feelings

V – Let’s Think Deep

Task 3: DETECT, DETECTIVE!
Directions: Read carefully the scenario cases, after each case are statements taken
from it that you needed to determine as to what appropriate aspect of
counseling it belong. Write these statements in the correct column in the
Data Retrieval Chart found after the case scenarios. Use a separate
sheet to write down your answers.

CASE SCENARIO 1: ANDRES

Andres is a poor student and came to school untidy. His classmates bullied
him of his bad smell and thin physique due to poor nutrition. Andres has used to cry
silently of this maltreatment among those bullies. One day, his teacher talked to him
and the bullies. The teacher warned those unbecoming students to stop annoying
Andres or they might be subject to school regulations violation. Andres was very
thankful to her teacher because it did not judged him of what he looks like rather
accepted him of who he was. Andrew was motivated to tidy himself and despite his
poor condition, he strived hard to take care of himself. He now performed even better
in the class and started to forgive or befriending those who bullied him before.

8
 GOALS: SCOPE: PRINCIPLES:
- motivated to tidy himself - His classmates bullied him - his teacher talked to
- Andres has used to cry him and the bullies
silently of this maltreatment - did not judged him
- Performed even better in the - accepted him of who
class he was
- Started to forgive and befriend

CASE SCENARIO 2: FELIPA

Felipa was worried that her friends might know that she’s from a poor family.
She used to get along with friends who were affluent and that she has to pretend all
throughout for her not to be rejected. She mostly pressured her parents who earn
meager income to finance her school projects and merry-making with friends. One of
her classmates Anna, her neighbor advised her to stop acting like she’s rich because
her parents suffered in effect of her being too ambitious. Anna never told any of those
friends of her secret but she wanted that Felipa will soon learn and realize. Anna did
not involve herself on what Felipa were doing but she wished her to learn as well.
Felipa reflected and decided to reveal the truth to her friends for she realized that her
parents deserve her care and love more than her friends and this was her real
happiness. Felipa and Anna eventually became close friends and never bothered to
part of a well-off yet not true friends.

GOALS: SCOPE: PRINCIPLES:

- decided to reveal - she realized that - Anna never told
the truth her care and love anyone of her secret
- never bothered to of parents is her - Anna did not
be part of a well-off real happiness involved herself
yet not true friends

DATA RETRIEVAL CHART

SCENARIO
COUNSELING 1: ANDRES 2: FELIPA
1. Enhancing coping skills
2. Promoting decision-making
GOALS
3. Improving relationships
4. Facilitating behavior change
5. Facilitating client potential
SCOPE 1. People with problems
2. People looking to improve oneself
1. Acceptance
PRINCIPLES 2. Communication
3. Non-judge
4. Individuality
5. Non-emotional involvement

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Guide Questions:
1. What are the two case scenarios all about?
2. What have you felt after reading the case scenarios?
3. Analyzing the information you placed in the Data Retrieval Chart, why do
Andres and Felipa needed the counseling goals, scope and principles?
4. How would you use counseling goals, scope and principles to show
your care to your family or loved ones when they are in difficult times?
5. What conclusion can you draw in this learning task?

VI – Let’s Remember
Task 4: THINK, SEE AND SOLVE!
A. Directions: Read thoroughly and understand the concepts below and work in the
succeeding activity provided for you.

COUNSELING GOALS, SCOPE AND PRINCIPLES

COUNSELING

Refers to the role in providing an empathetic and facilitative environment in

which the individual or client can discover their own answers
(Carl Rogers, 1945).

GOALS SCOPE PRINCIPLES

1. Enhancing coping skills 1. Acceptance

1. People with problems 2. Communication

2. Promoting decision-making
3. Non-judge
3. Improving relationships
2. People looking for ways 4. Individuality
4. Facilitating behavior change to better onself
5. Non-emotional

5. Facilitating client potential involvement

Now that you have fully absorbed and understand the distinct counseling goals,
scope and principles, demonstrate your learning through the succeeding activity.

10
B. Directions: Go back to the counseling goals, scope and principles and then, give
one possible challenge that may negate or cause failure to achieve
them, its effect and how would you solve or prevent them.
Complete the flow chart by providing required information.

A. COUNSELING GOALS

POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
EFFECT SOLUTION /
CHALLENGE
PREVENTION

B. COUNSELING SCOPE

POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
EFFECT SOLUTION /
CHALLENGE
PREVENTION

C. COUNSELING PRINCIPLES

POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
EFFECT SOLUTION /
CHALLENGE
PREVENTION

Guide Questions:
1. Why did you came up with those challenges?
2. What do the effects of these challenges will bring to counseling?
3. Why do you agree or disagree on the possible solutions or preventions?
4. Based on the information you have provided in the flow chart, how can the
goals, scope and principles of counseling will help a person who is facing a
problem or who wants to improve oneself?

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 VII – Let Me Apply It
Task 5: Guide Me, I and Myself!
A. Directions: Complete the statements by relating them to yourself and as honest as
possible. Determine these statements whether they belong to
counseling goals, scope and principles. Use a separate sheet to
indicate your answers by writing them in the illustrations below.

I am _______________. In the current crisis situation brought by COVID-

19, I am troubled of _________________ because of ______________.

This difficult times taught me a lesson that _________________. One

person who served as my support system and inspiration is _________.
He/She let me appreciated that _____________________.

At home, me and my family is struggling of ___________________. But, we

remained __________________ in order to ________________.

I also communicated my friends and classmates about their situations and

upon learning that they were also in similar difficulty, I told them
____________________________.

As times are uncertain, I decided to _________ so that I can __________.

I make my time productive and meaningful by ___________. I do things like
______ and _______ to see bright things in this pandemic.

GOALS PRINCIPLES

COUNSELING

SCOPE

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B. Directions: Put a check (/) mark in the appropriate column in which the statements
you have indicated in the preceding activity are being observed or
applied. You can choose as many as possible provided those are
correctly related. Use another sheet to write down your answers.

COUNSELING CHECK IF
IT APPLIES
1. Enhancing coping skills
2. Promoting decision-making
GOALS 3. Improving relationships
4. Facilitating behavior change
5. Facilitating client potential
1. People with problems
SCOPE 2. People looking to improve oneself
1. Acceptance
2. Communication
PRINCIPLES 3. Non-judge
4. Individuality
5. Non-emotional involvement

Guide Questions:
1. What are your important observations in your personal statements?
2. Based on your observation, are counseling goals, scope and principles
able to help you in your current challenging condition?
3. As a Senior High School student, how can you use your personal
experiences that have relation to counseling goals, scope and principles
to help your classmates, friends or other people to value the importance
and seek for counseling in times of difficulties to overcome them?

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 VIII – Let’s Ponder

Task 6: Don’t Cut My Knowledge!

After reaching this point of your learning experience, try to revisit the preceding
activities (When I Needed You; Know Me Well; Juan, Once Upon A Time) to
organize, link and form the essential ideas.

The counseling goals are ______________________________________

The counseling scope are ______________________________________

The counseling principles are ___________________________________

IT’S HARVEST TIME I WOKE UP LIKE THIS

Task: At the count of 3-2-1 Task: Send to many!

Let us check the level of your Kodus! For you have succeeded in this
understanding journey and learning experience.

Top 3 things I learned today You will take the returns of your
investment in this learning process by
1. ____________________________
becoming a functional and responsible
2. ____________________________
citizen of our society.
3. ____________________________
Kindly share to us your learning by
Top 2 that attracted my attention completing the thoughts below:
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________ I have discovered that
___________________________________.
Top 1 that I wanted to learn more I have realized that ________________
1. _____________________________ ___________________________________.
I will apply _____________________
________________________________.

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IX – Let’s Check It

Directions: Read each item carefully and decide what you think is the best answer
on the given questions. Use a separate sheet to write down your chosen answers.

1. Madasigon National High School recorded increasing incidents of early teen

pregnancies surmounting to an average of 2 young women per month. The
guidance officer of the school developed an awareness program through
conducting symposium inviting speakers from the Commission on Population
to orient and capacitate young women to advocate against early teen
pregnancy. This way of communicating to the students and all concerned would
be effective when:
A. The incidents would gradually slow down
B. The incidents would only happen to adults and not among the students
C. The incidents would only happen to those who didn’t attended the program
D. The incidents would lead to increasing mortality or child deaths

2. Pepe is a “batang ama” and he started to refrain attending classes because his
classmates would annoy him about it. His “barkadas” also rejected him on their
evening gigs. Everybody seemed to treat him differently since he became a
father. However, Andres was the only friend who remained to him and did not
rejected him because of his unwanted mistake. How did Andres helped Pepe
in this situation?
A. Andres was angry of Pepe’s friends and wanted to revenge using Pepe
B. Andres did it because he is afraid of being beaten by Pepe
C. Andres did not judge Pepe of his mistake and of being a “batang ama”
D. Andres was also a “batang ama” but he never told anyone of it

3. Recent reports of Kinabuhi National High School revailed that an alarming

increase of suicide ideation among young learners has been seriously
confronting the school. The school carefully and confidentially trace these
incidents. It did not reveal any information of those involved to keep it private
since it will bring another problem if not properly tracked. What possible problem
will it bring when privacy and individuality of records were not safeguarded by
the school?
A. Learners with suicide ideation might feel being cared of
B. Learners with suicide ideation might feel even worse when known to public
C. Learners with suicide ideation might not bother to listen to other’s opinion
D. Learners with suicide ideation might earn exposure and publicity

4. The counseling taken by the school guidance designate in resolving the delicate
issue of a student who was reportedly being harassed by a family member was
to allow the client to make some mechanisms in surviving the trauma caused
by the incident. It was difficult for the guidance office to capacitate the student
to achieve it but it has exhausted means to achieve it as it is required for the
client to succeed in the crisis. What do you think is the best coping mechanism
that the client must undertake?

15
 A. The client must talk to a person of similar traumatic experience to ease the feeling
B. The client must take sleeping pills to calm down of the trauma
C. The client must have someone to talk to of her feelings
D. The client must be left alone to reflect and ponder her situation

5. Cristina started to get easily annoyed and irritated when her classmates laugh
during their free time. Her classmates noticed her mood switching and kept
their distance away from her. Cristina pondered and reflected that something
has changed about her. She presented herself to the school guidance officer
and appealed for help so that she can improve or better herself out of the
sudden unwanted behavioral change. Which action would you suggest to
Cristina to improve herself?
A. She has to stay away of her classmates since they are bad influence to her
B. She has to capacitate herself to think first before she has to react
C. She has to stay not bothered at all to prevent getting involved in a problem
D. She has to do it like an actress as if she has changed

6. Lito and some of his friends were caught by their class adviser watching an
explicit or pornographic video in the middle of their class session. The school
guidance officer called the attention of their parents and convened in a
conference to discuss the delicate issue. This procedure in informing the
incident to the parents was appreciated by the parents themselves because
they were alerted of the whereabouts of their children. What would possibly
happen if their parents were not informed of the concern?
A. Parents would not even bother because of the busy schedule
B. Parents would certainly find it ok because they knew their children at best
C. Parents would complaint why they were not called in this delicate issue
D. Parents would assume that teachers will correct wrongdoings of students

7. Madaugon National High School joined in a Division level singing competition.

Pablita was chosen by the school to represent in the said contest but she
wanted to refuse because she thought that she is not beautiful enough to
compete. Her coach motivated and pushed her to make a try. She was told that
its not about beauty that will be measured but, it would be the quality of voice
in singing. Pablita won a champion in the singing contest and expressed her
gratitude to her coach of the life-changing experience. How can you say that
Pablita was capacitated to facilitate her own potential?
A. Pablita just dramatize it but she knew already that she will win of her voice
B. Pablita believed she will win because her opponents were too kind enough
to let her champion in the contest
C. Pablita was a daughter of popular singers therefore, she would really win
out of the popularity of her parents
D. Pablita knowing she has a good voice has to show her talent afterall, its not
a beauty contest but, a singing competition

8. Despite the rude and harsh treatment of his classmates, Ricardo managed to
forgive them after undergoing the counseling procedures conducted by the
school guidance officer. He was very thankful that he succeeded in
understanding his situation and did not fail to cope up with the issue. Why did
Ricardo needed to improve his social relationships to overcome the issue?

16
 A. Ricardo has to do it even he is forced anyway he will transfer very soon
B. Ricardo has to make friends than hate people to help him overcome stress
C. Ricardo has to keep silent of his hatred by planning out revenge anytime
D. Ricardo has to ignore these people because they are toxic

9. A student of Ms. Claire Nacion had been very silent and alone. She wondered
what might the student was facing of being so lonely and strange. Eventually,
the student went to her privately and cried because she was harassed by
somebody in their residence. Ms. Claire immediately took the appropriate steps
to assist the student of her counseling needs. Which of the following steps
would be not appropriate in dealing the incident?
A. Ms. Claire shares the incident to her fellow teachers to ask further help
B. Ms. Claire coordinated with the guidance officer to make remedies
C. Ms. Claire will talk to the student with care and sympathy
D. Ms. Claire will keep the incident private and confidential

10. Donato, who is a 20 years old ex-convict wanted to enrol to Kayakap National
High School. The teachers although have known that he was imprisoned before
did not let him feel that he was a stranger and somebody to be afraid of. He
was instead welcomed and accepted by the school to renew his life by learning
to educate and become a responsible person. What possible circumstance
would not help Donato in his journey to better himself?
A. Donato would stop because he can feel that people are afraid of him
B. Donato would strive despite of the challenges that people judged him
C. Donato would prove that he had changed already
D. Donato would has to be courageous in dealing the challenges encountered

Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

GOALS These are aims or desired results

SCOPE Extent or coverage

PRINCIPLES These are established aspects or the foundation

17
18
Let’s Find What You Know Task 3: DETECT, DETECTIVE!
1. D 6. C DATA RETRIEVAL CHART
2. A 7. C (For ANDRES)
3. B 8. A GOALS:
4. A 9. C 1. Andres used to cry silently of this maltreatment
5. C 10. D 2. none
Learning Engagement 1: 3. Started to forgive and befriend
Why Don’t You Pick Me Up! 4. Motivate to tidy himself
GOALS: 5. Performed even better in the class
1. Enhancing coping skills SCOPE:
2. Promoting decision-making 1. His classmates bullied him
3. Improving relationships 2. none
4. Facilitating behavior change PRINCIPLES:
5. Facilitating client potential 1. Accepted him of who he was
2. His teacher talked to him and the bullies
SCOPE: 3. Did not judged him
1. People with problems 4. none
2. People looking to improve oneself 5. none
PRINCIPLES:
1. Acceptance
2. Communication
3. Non-judge
4. Individuality
5. Non-emotional involvement
Learning Engagement 2: Match Me Now!
GOALS: PRINCIPLES:
1. Enhancing coping skills 1. Acceptance
2. Promoting decision-making 2. Communication
3. Improving relationships 3. Non-judge
4. Facilitating behavior change 4. Individuality
5. Facilitating client potential 5. Non-emotional involvement
SCOPE:
1. People with problems
2. People looking to improve oneself
(For FELIPA) Task 4: THINK, SEE AND SOLVE!
GOALS: -Answers may vary
1. none Task 5: Guide Me, I and Myself!
2. Decided to reveal the truth -Answers may vary
3. none Task 6: Don’t Cut My Knowledge!
4. Never bothered to be part of a well-off yet not - Answers may vary
true friends
5. none Let’s Check It!
SCOPE: 1. A
1. none 2. C
2. She realized that her care and love of her 3. B
parents is her real happiness 4. C
PRINCIPLES: 5. B
1. none 6. C
2. none 7. D
3, none 8. B
4. Anna never told anyone of her secret 9. A
5. Anna did not involve herself 10. A
Answer Key
 References
Articles:

Rogers, Carl. “A Basic Orientation For Counseling” Pastoral Psychology

1, no.1 (1950): 26-34.

Brayfield, Arthur H., “Readings in Modern Methods of Counseling” 1950.

19