LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Ganilyn D. Ponciano. STEM 12 – A GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

ATTRACTED TO INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Part A: Frayer Model of Liquids and Solids
Complete the Frayer Chart below about the kinetic molecular model of liquids and solids. Use
the critical concept words written inside the box as your guide. Insert more
words/images/symbols to the Frayer Chart to complete the four categories.

Particle Movement Particle Movement

Arrangement the particles form a Arrangement
clean and organized Particles move
arrangement. Although translatory and able
the particles vibrate to slide past each
around their position in other. They are held
the framework, they are by strong forces of
too firmly bound to attraction.
move from one spot to
another.

Solid Liquid

Density Other Density Other

Characteristics Characteristics
• Diffusion is extremely
slow. • no definite shape •
• Least compressible • High has definite volume •
High
Fixed volume and shape Particles can move
• It slightly expands across each other while
when heated. remaining attracted to
one another.

TASK 1: My Hypothesis
Using what you have learned about the kinetic molecular model of liquids and solids, think of a
question you have about its properties. Create a plan to test your hypothesis. Was your
assumption correct? If YES, what evidence can you present to support this claim? If NO, cite
why?
 Questions:
- What role does the kinetic molecular theory play in describing solid, liquid properties?
Hypothesis:
- The kinetic energy of solids is lower than that of liquids.
- Yes, It is correct. The fluidity and ability to flow of liquids is one of their most visible features.
Liquids are defined by their volume but not by their shape.
The shapes and volumes of solids are well-defined. Solid particles can move, but only for a short
distance. Solid particles oscillate in their natural state due to their low kinetic energy.

Part B: Types of Intermolecular Forces

Complete the Web of information about the Types of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction.

Ion-dipole London Dispersion Force

Slightly Very
An
weak Interaction weak
Types of interaction
of an ion
among
with the Intermolecular
molecules
charge end Forces of with
of another
Attraction temporary
molecule.
dipoles

Interaction is inherently The attraction of a

Dipole-Dipole hydrogen atom
weaker than Forces
intramolecular bonded to a high
interactions like ionic, electronegativity
covalent, or metallic element, such as
Hydrogen Bonding nitrogen, oxygen, or
bonds since it is an
intermolecular force fluorine, is an extreme
that operates between
Weak example of dipole-
molecules. dipole bonding.
 TASK 2: 3-2-1
To reflect on what you have learned about the types of intermolecular forces, complete the exit
slip below.
Three Facts You Learned Two Questions You Still Have One Opinion You Have

1. Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, 1. How can you tell which 1. Its challenging and
Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion- dipole-dipole force is confusing, but once I find
Dipole are the 4 types of stronger? the answer, it's quite
intermolecular forces. fulfilling because I've learned
something new.
2. Dipole-Dipole Forces is 2. Why hydrogen bonding is
inherently weaker than the strongest intermolecular
intramolecular interactions. force?

3. Solid has high density.

Part C: Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Complete the data table about the Properties of Liquids, their descriptions, and the effects of
intermolecular forces of attraction. Perform the simple experiment and record your
observations.
Properties of Liquids Description Effect of Experiment Observations
Intermolecular
Forces
Viscosity The molecules The stronger the Record & compare Water falls in a split
of liquids’ intermolecular the time in seconds second, while oil
resistant to flow forces, the more of 1tsp water and falls in 10 seconds.
when they move difficult for 1tsp cooking oil
past each other. molecules to move flowing in a tall
to each other. transparent glass.
Boiling Point The The higher the Put a cup of water It boils after a
temperature at boiling point, as in a pot and let it minute. That is, it
which a liquid's with other Boil. has reached its
vapor pressure intermolecular boiling point.
equals the forces, the stronger
external the force.
pressure
Vapor Pressure The measure of Because of the Record and It took 15 minutes
the tendency of strong compare the time for a drop of water
a material to intermolecular when a drop of to evaporate
change into the forces, evaporation water and a drop entirely, but just 7
gaseous state, is slower and the of ethyl alcohol minutes for a drop
increases with vapor pressure is completely of Ethyl Alcohol.
Temperature. lower. evaporates from a
piece of paper.
Surface Tension It is the measure The higher the Create soap To make a bubble, I
of the energy surface tension, the bubbles in the air. use dishwashing
required to stronger the liquid. The
expand the intermolecular dishwashing liquid
surface of a forces. helps to reduce
liquid by a unit surface tension.
area.
Molar Heat of When a The higher the heat Compare the two The boiling point is
Vaporization substance of vaporization, the substances given directly
transitions from stronger the based on their heat proportional to the
a liquid to a gas, intermolecular of vaporization and molar heat of
one mole forces are. The boiling point. vaporization.
absorbs a lower the
certain quantity evaporation rate,
of heat. the greater the
intermolecular
forces.

TASK 3: NOW WHAT

To express the relevance of what you have learned about the properties of liquids and
intermolecular forces, answer the open-ended questions below.
What is the most essential Why is it so important? How can you relate it to your
learning you had? daily living?
The experiment that I did is It is important because I able I can use it when I am doing
the most important lesson to recognize and understand some household chores. I can
I've learned. why certain things occur. identify what property of
liquid is that.

Part D: Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

 Fill-in the anticipation guide to preview the lesson about crystalline and amorphous solids.
Before reading, mark whether or not you agree or disagree with each statement. After reading
the said lesson, fill in the reference/source where you found the answer to each statement, tell
whether or not you were right, and reflect on what you have found out.
Statement Agree/Disagree Reference/Source Where your Reflection
assumptions
correct?
(YES/NO)
1.Crystalline solid Agree https://chem.libretext YES Crystalline solids are
particles experience s.org/Courses/Oregon generally classified
identical attractions. according the nature
_Tech_PortlandMetro
of the forces that
_Campus/OT_-_PDX_-
hold its particles
_Metro
together.
%3A_General_Chemist
ry_II/06%3A_Applicati
ons_of_Bonding_and_
Modern_Materials/6.0
2%3A_The_Solid_Stat
2.Amorphous solid Agree e_of_Matter YES Because their
https://pressboo
has experienced a ks- particles experience
range of dev.oer.hawaii.e identical attractions,
interactions. crystalline solids
du/chemistry/ch
have distinct melting
apter/the-solid-
temperatures; The
state-of-matter/
particles in
amorphous solids
experience a range
of interactions, so
they soften
gradually and melt
over a range of
temperatures.
3. Crystalline solids Agree YES Some crystalline
chttps://pressbo
are arranged in a solids have defects
oks-
definite repeating in the definite
pattern. dev.oer.hawaii.e repeating pattern of
du/chemistry/ch their particles.
apter/the-solid-
state-of-matter/

4. Amorphous solid Agree chttps://pressbooks- YES Others form

are randomly dev.oer.hawaii.edu/che amorphous
mistry/chapter/the-
solid-state-of-matter/
 arranged. (noncrystalline)
solids with an
internal structure
that is not ordered.

Differentiate Crystalline from Amorphous Solids using the illustration below. Cite relevant
information to support your answer. Write your answer in the blank provided. Box the key
terms that you use in your sentences.

The illustration letter A is crystalline

because crystalline solid consist a large
number of small crystals, having definite
geometrical shape. Crystals have long
range order which indicate the regular
pattern of arrangement of particles which
repeated over the entire crystal.

The illustration letter B is Amorphous

because amorphous consist of particles
with irregular shape. The constituent
particle has only short range order. They
have structure similar to those liquids.

TASK 4: EXIT SLIP

To specify the relevant experiences, you had about crystalline and amorphous solids, answer the open-
ended questions below.

What have you learned?

I learned that crystalline has a regular pattern of arrangement of particles while the amorphous has
particles with irregular shape.
 Where you surprise about it? Why?

Yes, because basic things that we assume are simple, such as rubber and glass are example of
amorphous solid, we realize that they are not just a simple thing but when we study them and see the
particles that they contain we will surprise about it.

What did you find confusing and need clarifications?

As of now I can’t find anything confusing and I don’t have any clarifications.