DynaLift 3 6 User Guide A4

EPS Dynalift v3.
6 User Guide
For Windows 95/NT

Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. 1. Valve Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. 2. EPS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1.Support Desk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2.Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 - Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. 1. Licensing and Accessing Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.Updating Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3 - Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. 1. Opening Dynalift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.1.Operating Dynalift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.2.Information Areas - top of screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.3.Information Areas - bottom of screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.4.Table area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3. 2. File menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.1.File Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2.2.File New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.3.File Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.4.File Save As ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.5.Auto Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.6.Auto Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.7.Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.8.About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.9.Exit Dynalift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 4 - Well Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. 1. The Well Data Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.1.Well Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.2.Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.1.3.Wellhead Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.4.PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.5.Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 5 - Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5. 1. The Choke Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.1.1.Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.1.2.Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 6 - Initialize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. 1. Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. 2. Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 7 - Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7. 1. Simulate Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7. 2. Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2.1.Simulation Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2.2.Simulation in Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7. 3. Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7. 4. Terminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7. 5. Time Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7. 6. Continuous Lift Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.6.1.Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.6.2.Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.6.3.Cyclic Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.6.4.Unload to Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.6.5.Unload to Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7. 7. Intermittent Lift Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.7.1.Time Cycle Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.7.2.Fallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 8 - Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8. 1. Graphs Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.1.1.Flowing Gradient (applies to continuous simulation only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.1.2.Wellhead Injection Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.1.3.Wellhead Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.1.4.Valve Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.1.5.Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.1.6.Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter 9 - Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9. 1. Description of method for simulating IGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.2.General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.3.Model Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.4.Phase 1 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.5.Phase 2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.6.Phase 3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.7.Phase 4 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1.8.Fallback Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.1.9.References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Chapter 10 - Appendix II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10. 1. Description of .IGL auto-save file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Notice
Dynalift is produced and owned exclusively by:
Edinburgh Petroleum Services Ltd,

Research Park,
Riccarton,
EDINBURGH EH14 4AP
Scotland, UK.
(C) Copyright EPS Ltd. 1998 to 1999. All rights reserved.

This manual and software are licenced under the terms of a software licence between Edinburgh Petroleum Services
(EPS) Ltd and the software user. Use of the software outside the terms of this licence is illegal. Duplication of the
software or of this manual, in part or in whole, is strictly prohibited except as provided for under the terms of the
licence, or with written authorisation from EPS Ltd.
This manual describes a technical computer application package and instructions for data preparation and use of the
package. The software has been thoroughly tested and every effort has been made to achieve accuracy and completeness
in both the software and documentation. No warranty, express or implied, is made in the application of the package. In
the event of unsuccessful use of the package in any application for which it is intended, or undetected errors in the
package or documentation, the liability of EPS Ltd or its authorised agents is, in any event, limited to the package usage
charges or royalties attributable to that application.
Valve Performance Clearinghouse

The Valve Performance Clearinghouse (VPC) is a not-for-profit consortium of major oil companies sharing expenses
to establish gaslift valve performance data and correlations. EPS Ltd is a member.
Test data and correlations are proprietary to member companies, and will be licenced to non-members for a fee. licence
fees will go into the General Budget to support additional valve testing.
The objective is to establish the VPC as a source for the collection, analysis, and distribution of high quality valve
performance data and correlations to member companies and licencees.
The VPC membership selects valves for testing and the VPC administrator performs tests as per the API 11V2 RP.
Tests are conducted at the Southwest Research Institute, and the facility is API 11V2 RP compliant. The VPC
administrator develops correlations to predict performance under any temperature and pressure conditions. These are
supplied to members, and are available under licence to users of WellFloTM and DynaliftTM.
It is a condition of the licence that data will not be distributed or shared with any other company.
Please contact your local EPS representative (see “Contacts”, on page 6) for more information on licensing specific
valve performance data.
3
Chapter 1 - Introduction Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 1- Introduction
Gaslift design has been practised for the last 50 years using methods which rely upon the assumption that the entire
unloading process can be shown on a single graph of depth versus pressure. This method ignores one very important
parameter - time. Basically, this method “jumps” from one steady-state condition to the next as each lower valve is
placed. A great deal of dynamics occur between those steady-state conditions. The graphical design technique has
worked well in most cases, but there is always the one or two wells that will not unload to the operating valve or are
multi-pointing or, worse, heading and surging. The design technique may have been applied correctly but it is a static
method and can not anticipate the many dynamics that occur during unloading and lifting.
What is needed is a tool that can simulate the true behaviour of a gaslift well during unloading and lifting taking into
account all the dynamics of the many components that make up a gaslift installation. The software components are in
place - good multiphase flow correlations, good valve performance correlations, and lastly high speed computers that
can perform the myriad of calculations needed to conduct the analysis. These components have been brought together
with this release of Dynalift. Now, with the combination of WellFlo and Dynalift, you can have more confidence that
your gaslift installations will work as intended.
Dynalift is a computer program which simulates the unloading and gas-lifting of a well. It DOES NOT perform a
design - you still need WellFlo for that. You can, however, import your WellFlo design into Dynalift and verify that the
design will work as intended, or enter your own design directly. Dynalift is a forward time stepping algorithm that
solves for equilibrium at each time step. The model encompasses every part of a gaslift well from the gas injection
choke to the separator. All the various components in a gaslift well are modelled with the best available correlations
which are applied rigorously. No assumptions are made about what is “supposed” to happen. The physics of the well
determines the outcome. In fact, this was the guiding principle during development. I had seen too many cases where
gaslift was practised as an “art” and resolved to bring gaslift a little closer to the world of science. Dynalift is the result.
There are many different design techniques employed around the world. Most of these techniques begin with the
standard spacing methodology and then add “local” experience factors. These local experience factors include various
safety factors for the type of gaslift valve or reservoir. In essence, these safety factors are trying to account for “true”
behaviour during the unloading process. I had seen many different design techniques and always wondered why there
are so many. A gaslift valve has no loyalty to a particular design technique - it is simply a pressure responsive device.
Why then the different methods and all those various safety factors?
The answer lies in gaslift valve performance. Not all valves respond the same way. Some flow at prodigious rates while
another of the same type will barely flow any gas at all. Yet both valves are used in the same design technique. The
design programs assume the valve will pass a certain amount of gas under certain pressure conditions. The Thornhill-
Craver equation has typically been used to calculate gas passage, but we have known for a long time that the Thornhill-
Craver equation is not appropriate for determining gas valve performance. We now have better alternatives - good
gaslift valve performance correlations based on actual test data. The safety factors currently used in the spacing design
come as a result of “local” experience with a particular type of valve.
One of the main features in Dynalift is the gaslift valve performance models that predict the “true” behaviour of valves
when subjected to pressure and temperature. This is the key! The gaslift valve is the link between the annulus and the
tubing and its performance dictates the success of a gaslift well. Dynalift includes models of generic pressure
controlled valves and an orifice valve. These models are being improved constantly, and further valve models will be
added as better valve performance correlations become available from the Valve Performance Clearance House.
The combination of WellFlo and Dynalift forms a very powerful and versatile tool. Use WellFlo to perform the spacing
design and then use Dynalift as a verification tool. Having trouble with an existing well? Use Dynalift to perform
troubleshooting analysis. Lastly, use both WellFlo and Dynalift as a training aid.
Perhaps the most effective use of Dynalift is as a verification tool. I have used Dynalift in this capacity for several years
on existing wells as well as proposed completions. In these cases, Dynalift is used to test different sensitivities such as
water cut, GOR, bottomhole pressure, and PI to name a few. This is particularly helpful for new designs because
reservoir parameters are always uncertain during the design phase. These sensitivity studies in Dynalift can quickly
point out the limitations of a gaslift design and perhaps avoid what would have been a troublesome installation.
Use Dynalift to assist with troubleshooting analysis. This requires a good deal of knowledge on the part of the user but
can be very helpful in identifying the cause of a gaslift problem. Basically, the user loads the well data and then changes
different parameters until the Dynalift output matches the real well. When this stage is reached the investigator can then
use Dynalift to recommend changes. For example, the investigator may have had to simulate a failed valve in order to
duplicate the real well results. If Dynalift predicts proper operation with a good valve, the recommendation then is to
simply replace the failed valve. Many other more subtle causes could be the problem and the use of Dynalift as a
troubleshooting tool does require a fair amount of gaslift experience.
The use of Dynalift as a training aide can be particularly beneficial. During the early days of development, I constantly
questioned the output and went back and re-wrote large portions of the software not just once, but several times. During
this process, I relied on my own knowledge of how gaslift worked to ensure that the code was working properly.
Dynalift has continued to grow and become more complex since those early days and has now reached the stage of
being a very reliable tool. In fact, I now learn from Dynalift and so can anybody who works in gaslift.
4
Introduction
I heartily recommend Dynalift as a teaching aide for all new gaslift personnel. The student can perform a spacing design
in WellFlo and then import the design into Dynalift. As Dynalift runs, the student can “see” the annulus fluid level drop,
the valves open and close, and the flowing gradient slowly decrease. During the simulation, the student can change the
injection rate, valve port sizes and set pressures and even try a different valve. Change the reservoir parameters as the
simulation runs and the student learns what happens when the GLR drops and the watercut increases. Let the student
open the injection choke beyond good practice and find out what happens to the valves as the fluid is unloaded from the
annulus. In short, Dynalift is a great educator not only for new gaslift personnel but also for seasoned gaslift engineers.
In summary, Dynalift represents a major advance in gaslift analysis. For the first time, a reliable simulation tool is
available for verification, troubleshooting, and training. Dynalift does not perform a gaslift design, you still need
WellFlo for that, nor is it an expert program. It does not “know” what is right or wrong in a gaslift well, it simply applies
the physics via the best available correlations and solves for the result. I believe you will not only find Dynalift to be a
valuable asset to your existing array of gaslift tools, you will also learn from Dynalift and may even ENJOY running
Dynalift.
Ken Decker
1. 1. Valve Licensing
Your installation of Dynalift operates on the basis of the Dynalift application, with additional sets of licenced valves. As
a default Dynalift comes with standard Orifice, 1” PPO and the 1”, and 1.5” IPO valves. Additional Valve sets are
available for various Merla, Macco, Camco and McMurry valves, with others imminently available.
1. 2. EPS Support
If you cannot find an answer to a problem, or if you have a question about your program which is not answered
anywhere, then it is time to call for help.
1. 2. 1. Support Desk
Provided you have a maintenance contract with us, you can call EPS or your local agent to get help with problems with
the software. Depending on the nature of the problem, one of the following may happen:
• We might be able to tell you verbally what you are doing wrong, and put you right that way.
• If we suspect a program bug, we will try to repeat it at EPS. We may ask you to send us more details or the actual
data you are using, so that we can verify the problem. If the problem is serious, we would consider issuing a fix,
otherwise the problem will be logged in the bug/enhancement database for attention in the next scheduled release.
• Conversely, you might be calling to tell us a problem has been fixed (either by our advice, by a bug fix, or by your
doing things differently). This is still important, as we will know that we can close the item in our support database,
and will be able to concentrate on other program improvements.
• If the problem was in the documentation, we will put it right as soon as possible (new pages are usually issued with
each scheduled release).
• It may be that you are asking the program to do something it cannot do, and was not designed to do. In that case, we
will offer any hints we can to work round the difficulty, and treat your call as an enhancement request. It will be
entered in the bug/enhancement database, and may become part of a future version of the software, or indeed a new
module in its own right.
• We are often asked for advice on gas lift design and gas lifted well behaviour. Although we are happy to discuss
engineering problems with users, you will appreciate that we do have to limit the time spent on looking at data not
in the context of a bug or enhancement.
We have a Support Database on our own network, and all calls received will be logged on this. This will ensure that
your query, bug or suggestion will not go unrecorded, and at any time in the future, we will be able to produce reports
telling us the status of all reported bugs and suggestions.
Windows, networks and peripherals: There is another possibility for your problem: it may be caused by the setup of
Windows on your machine, or the type of network or peripheral you are using. We regret that we cannot always
1. 1. Valve Licensing
undertake to fix these problems, although we will offer advice where we can. Windows is a complete operating system,
and it contains all the device drivers for screen, printers and networks, etc. Dynalift does not have control over these
items, and EPS is not usually in a position to fix them. In principle, if Windows itself can output to certain devices and
communicate with a network, then Dynalift should be able to do so too.
If the problem relates to the Windows installation on your machine, Microsoft have their own technical help line to deal
with such matters (we occasionally have cause to use it ourselves!), and you should call them. See the next Section.
5
Dynalift User Guide
1. 2. 2. Contacts EPS Support
1. 2. 2. Contacts
You can always call our Head Office in Edinburgh for help or other enquiries. However, if you have normally dealt
with one of our branch offices, or one of our agents, you can call there first, as you will receive a more local service,
and your regular EPS contact will be kept fully aware of how you are finding the software.
Head Office Edinburgh:
support@epsedin.co.uk
Tel: (+44) 131 449 4536
Fax: (+44) 131 449 5123
Americas Office:
support@epsa.com
Tel: (+1) 281 599 1900
Fax: (+1) 281 599 1991
Middle East Office:

mesupport@epsedin.co.uk
Tel: (+9714) 3438834
Fax: (+9714) 3438836
Far East Office:

asiasupport@epsedin.co.uk
Tel: (+603) 705 4932
Fax: (+603) 704 2053
6
Installation
Chapter 2- Installation
Dynalift v3.6 is a 32bit application for Windows 95 and NT. It will not run under Windows 3.1 or 3.11.
If installing from floppy disk. After inserting the first Dynalift disk in your floppy drive, select to run the SETUP.EXE
file from this disk and follow the instructions.
If installing from the CD under NT and Windows 98 the welcoming screen will automatically open and you can
continue through the installation options. If you have disabled the auto-run feature on your system, or you are running
Windows 95, you may open this screen by running LAUNCH.EXE in the root directory of the CD.
Once the installation has commenced. you can observe the progress of your installation on the two background graphics
on the screen.
1
2
3
Figure : 2.0.0 - 1 Installation Status Bars
The Installation Status Bars provide you with information relating to the processing of the installation in relation to the
PC.
1. Percentage of space left on the drive that you want to install Dynalift onto.
2. Percentage of main memory available. This is almost always 100%.
3. Percentage of current installation copied from floppy.
4. If the percentage of free space available drops below 10% (bar 1), the Low indicator lights up.
Figure : 2.0.0 - 2 Copying Files Status Box
The Copying Files Status Box shows you the current progress of files copied from the floppy drive to the PC.
You may also create additional shortcuts to the Dynalift.EXE file by selecting this in Windows Explorer or My
Computer and using the right mouse option for Create Shortcut. After you have done this you may drag and drop the
Shortcut to your Windows Desktop, or copy it to a place within your Start Menu.
2. 1. Licensing and Accessing Valve Data

Chapter 2 - Installation
A number of combinations of gas lift valve types and port sizes are available in Dynalift.
12 combinations for generic (non-specific) 1.5" IPO, 1" IPO and 1" PPO valves, each with 4 different port sizes, plus
the orifice valve, are accessible to all users by default, and require no licence. These use public domain data and
correlations.
The other listed combinations are for specific, commercially available, valves and use recent performance data provided
by the Valve Performance Clearinghouse, of which EPS is a member. New valves and port sizes will be added as the
data is made available to EPS. Access to any of these valve type and port size combinations is by licence only, and is
controlled by the program security system (FlexLM). Once licenced, options can be activated by the addition of
appropriate lines to the dynalift36x.ini file on the next page.
7
Dynalift User Guide
Licensing and Accessing Valve Data
Updating Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information
2. 1. 1. Updating Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information
2. 1. 1.
If you have licenced a valve/port size combination, it will not be enabled in a Dynalift session unless the file
dynalift36x.ini in the \windows or \winnt directory has been amended to include a special identifier. (The x refers to the
intermediate upgrade identifier, e.g. dynalift36b.ini.)
You should edit this file with a text editor like NotePad or WordPad as follows:
1. The file already contains the section header:
[licenced-glvs]
with twelve entries for the default generic IPO and PPO valves. Enter an additional line of the form comb-xx=1
for each combination of valve and port size licenced. xx is a two-digit number whose value is listed in the table
below. If you licence more than one valve and port size, there must be an entry for each combination - their order is
irrelevant.
2. Each identifier must appear once only.
3. If a combination is licenced in the security but you have not entered its identifier under [licenced-glvs], it
will not be enabled in Dynalift. Likewise, entering identifiers for combinations that have not been licenced in the
security will not enable them in the programs.
4. An entry like comb-18=0 is equivalent to omitting the identifier, and will disable that particular valve/port size
combination even if it is licenced.
Example: A user who has licenced the Camco R-20 with port size 20/64ths, Camco BKF-6 with port size 12/64ths and
McMurry-Macco JR-STD with port size 16/64ths will need the following entries in dynalift36x.ini:
[licenced-glvs]
comb-39=1
comb-44=1
comb-28=1
8
Installation
Table 1: The following table shows the gas lift valve models and port sizes currently available in Dynalift V-3.6, and the corresponding identifiers to
be entered in the dynalift36x.ini file to enable a licenced combination. The same valves are available in WellFlo 3.6.
Valve Port Size Identifier

Camco BK 8/64ths comb-46=1
Camco BK-1 8/64ths comb-22=1
Camco BKF-6 8/64ths comb-43=1
Camco BKR-5 8/64ths comb-34=1
Camco LNM-31R 21/64ths comb-53=1
Camco-Merla NM-16R 8/64ths comb-30=1
2. 1. 1. Updating Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information

Camco R-20 12/64ths comb-37=1
Camco SRF-10 8/64ths comb-56=1
Macco R-1D 8/64ths comb-18=1
McMurry C-1 8/64ths comb-50=1
McMurry-Macco JR-STD 8/64ths comb-26=1
Merla N-17R 8/64ths comb-17=1
PDVSA_IPO These three valves are customer specific, and can only be used by the specifying
PDVSA_PPO customer.
PDVSA_ORIFICE
9
Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 3 - Basics Opening Dynalift
Chapter 3- Basics
This chapter shows you the basic interface
3. 1. Opening Dynalift
To open Dynalift click on its option in the Start Menu:
Figure : 3.1.0 - 1 Dynalift Icon
Security Errors
Dynalift uses the Globtrotter Inc. FlexLM licence Manager to handle its security, and the security of the supplied valve
licence data. Should a licence exception occur FlexLM will generate an error dialog box informing you of the problem.
Further details on FlexLM are given in the accompanying EPSFLEX.PDF manual, available on the distribution CD.
Missing components
Figure : 3.1.0 - 2 Missing component error
Should a message similar to the above appear when opening Dynalift then a file, or files, have not been properly
installed on your system. If so, you may reinstall Dynalift on your system and try to restart it.
Should you still encounter this message contact your System Administrator to ascertain if there is a conflict with the
files Dynalift is trying to install on your system. If there is no conflict then you should contact your local EPS office, or
EPS Support for assistance.
3. 1. 1. Operating Dynalift
This will open up Dynalift ready for your selection of File:
Figure : 3.1.1 - 1 Blank opening screen

You will notice that as no file is yet opened only the File Menu is available for use, the information areas and the table
are all blank. You can load a data file (See Section 3. 2. 1 “File Open”, on page 14) or enter new data by hand (See
Section 3. 2. 2 “File New”, on page 17).
10
Basics
3. 1. 2. Information Areas - top of screen
File
This lists the working file you have opened using File Open (See Section 3. 2. 1 “File Open”, on page 14), or created
using File New (See Section 3. 2. 2 “File New”, on page 17)
Inj Choke Setting
in 64th of an inch.
Here you see the Injection Choke Setting as defined in the Injection Choke dialog screen. (See Section 5. 1. 1
“Injection”, on page 31).
Prod Choke Setting
in 64th of an inch.
This area displays the current Production Choke Setting as defined in Production Choke dialog screen. (See Section 5.
1. 2 “Production”, on page 31)
Csg head pressure
in psig.
The value for Casing Head Pressure, is constantly determined by Dynalift during the Simulate calculations for each
Timestep in the calculations.
Tbg head pressure
in psig.
This is the Tubing Head Pressure (wellhead flowing pressure) at wellhead.
For Continuous simulation, it is set to Separator Pressure (Psig) if Unloading into the separator, or set to zero (Psig), if
Unloading into the Pit is selected before the wellbore fluid reaches the wellhead. Once the reservoir fluids start
producing into the separator, the calculated wellhead pressure is reported here which accounts for the pressure drop
across the production choke and production flow line.
For Intermittent simulation, this value is based on the separator pressure but takes into account any pressure drop due
to the slug moving around the bend at the top of the tubing, along the production flow line and through the production
choke.
3. 1. 2. Information Areas - top of screen

Timestep
The Timestep value presented here may be a constant value if a fixed timestep has been selected, or a changing value if
an automatic timestep has been selected, in the Timestep dialog. (See Section 7. 5 “Time Step”, on page 40)
Injection
The Injection rate is calculated at each Timestep, unless the Constant Rate Unloading option has been selected in the
Initialise Dynalift Dialog (See Section 6. 1 “Continuous Lift”, on page 32 and Section 6. 2 “Intermittent Lift”, on page
33).
For Continuous simulation, the value shown here is updated at every time step and is measured in MSCF/day. For
Intermittent simulation, this value is updated at the end of each gas lift cycle and is measured in MSCF/cycle.
11
Dynalift User Guide
3. 1. 3. Information Areas - bottom of screen Opening Dynalift
Production
For Continuous simulation, the surface production rates of liquid and gas evaluated at each Timestep are shown here
as soon as the well begins to produce. It becomes a non-zero value as soon as the Tubing Liquid Depth (see below)
reaches zero. This Production will initially just be from kill fluid being displaced from the tubing, however when
production commences from the reservoir itself you will notice the Reservoir Liquid at figure reach zero. (See Section
“Reservoir Liquid at (applies to Continuous simulation only)”, on page 13). Note that the production rates shown are in
STB/day.
For Intermittent simulation, only the liquid production rate is reported. It is updated at the end of each gas lift cycle and
is reported in STB/cycle.
Inj Cycle Period (applies to Intermittent simulation only)
This is the period of the injection control cycle (displayed in minutes). If the injection gas is not under time cycle
control, then the value shown here is “Off”. See Time Cycle Control section (See Section 7. 7. 1 “Time Cycle Control”,
on page 42) for details of how this is specified.
3. 1. 3. Information Areas - bottom of screen

Annulus Liquid Depth (applies to Continuous simulation only)
in feet.
This figure shows the depth of liquid in the Annulus as calculated at each Timestep. This depth may be compared with
the Valve Depths to give an indication of the progress of the Injection Gas in the simulation.
Tubing Liquid Depth (applies to Continuous simulation only)
in feet.
This is the depth of the liquid in the Tubing as calculated with each Timestep. When this figure reaches zero production
commences on surface.
Bbls Lost to Reservoir (applies to Continuous simulation only)
in bbls.
For Continuous simulation, it is possible for liquid to be forced back into the Reservoir during the unloading process.
The figure listed here shows the cumulative Bbls which have been lost to the Reservoir. Should gas lift be effective this
figure will return to zero as production from the reservoir commences. Increasing negative values imply a continuing
loss of wellbore liquid to the Reservoir, decreasing positive values imply clean-up, leading to Reservoir Inflow.
Bottomhole Pressure
in psig.
Here Dynalift shows the calculated Flowing Bottomhole pressure as evaluated at each timestep.
Reservoir Drawdown
in psi.
This is the difference between calculated Bottomhole Pressure and Static Bottomhole Pressure specified in the PVT
Data dialog. A positive value of Drawdown implies reservoir inflow into the Wellbore. Negative value implies loss of
wellbore fluid to the Reservoir.
Note that Intermittent simulation assumes that there is a back-check valve preventing liquid from flowing into the
reservoir. If the calculated Bottomhole Pressure exceeds the Static Bottomhole Pressure specified in the PVT Data
dialog, then the drawdown shown here is set to zero.
12
Basics
Reservoir Liquid at (applies to Continuous simulation only)
in feet.
Here the depth of reservoir liquid, as opposed to Kill Fluid level, in the tubing as calculated with each Timestep is
presented. When this figure reaches zero, reservoir fluid starts producing at the surface.
Inflow
in reservoir Bbls/day.
The rate of liquid produced from (if positive), or lost to (if negative) the reservoir. Note that for Intermittent simulation,
it is assumed that there is a back-check valve preventing the liquid from flowing into the reservoir. Therefore, this value
cannot be negative while simulating IGL.
Elapsed Minutes
represented in real time minutes.

This figure shows the total real time for which the Simulation has run (not cpu time).
Accepted Error (applies to Continuous simulation only)
This is the difference between the Wellhead Pressure calculated from the Tubing side, and the Wellhead Pressure
calculated from Production Choke side. If the difference is over 5 psi, the program iterates to reduce the difference and
reports the final difference as the Accepted Error. Large values represent computational instability, and will require a
reduction in step size (See Section 7. 5 “Time Step”, on page 40) if they persist.
Fallback Coeff (applies to Intermittent simulation only)
This is the amount of slug lost to fallback per foot rise in slug. See Fallback section (Section 7. 7. 2 “Fallback”, on page
42) for details of how this is specified.
3. 1. 4. Table area
This area remains blank until a File is opened (See Section 3. 2. 1 “File Open”, on page 14), and you Start a Simulation
(See Section 7. 2 “Start”, on page 35).
3. 2. File menu
Figure : 3.2.0 - 1 File Menu

When you open Dynalift for the first time the only options available are File Open, File New, File Save, File Save as,
About and Exit Dynalift. When you have opened a file the other options are available for selection.
3. 1. 4. Table area
13
Dynalift User Guide
3. 2. 1. File Open File menu
3. 2. 1. File Open
Figure : 3.2.1 - 1 File Open dialog
This option is a modification of the standard Windows File Open dialog box which allows you to open only Dynalift
compatible files. Two types of file are available for import:
• Dynalift .KDL files - created by Dynalift

• WellFlo .KWF files - Gas lift design models created in WellFlo and saved with the .KWF option.
These ASCII files are known as keyworded files. This format contains the instruction set as shown in Figure 3.2.1 - 2,
“A section of data from a .KWF file”. As ASCII files these may be manually edited in any text editor such as; Notepad,
WordPad, Write etc. However, we recommend that all editing be done via the dialog boxes in Dynalift.
You also have the option to open a File as Read-Only. To do this click in the Open as read-only check box. This has
the benefit of preserving the data of your source file when selecting Dynalift options and running Simulate.
[well]
origin=GLDESIGN.WFL
date=27 May 1997
time=09:46
num-nodes=41
num-layers=1
[fluid]
type=oil
oil-gravity=0.848
gas-gravity=0.92
water-gravity=1.021628
oil-corr-gas=glaso 1 0 1 0 1 0
oil-corr-visc=beal+chew 1 0
gas-corr-visc=carr 1 0
[fluid-00]
gas-oil-ratio=1702
water-cut=0.107
[node-00]
type=Separator
name=Outlet Node
length-from-wellhead=698
elevation=88.6
[node-01]
type=Flow Line
name=Flow Line
internal-diameter=0.835
external-diameter=0.896
insulation-diameter=1.2544
Table : 3.2.1 - 2 A section of data from a .KWF file
It is important to note that when Dynalift determines there is insufficient data provided in a .KWF file, it notifies you
of the missing data, and will insert default values into your file. Examples of these insertions of data are shown in
Figure 3.2.1 - 5, “A File Read Warning dialog for Wellhead Data” to Figure 3.2.1 - 9, “A File Read Warning dialog for
Damping Parameters”.
14
Basics
No PERFS
If you open a file which has an incomplete set of data you will be prompted with the following message.
Figure : 3.2.1 - 3 No PERFS error
This implies that you have to input the perforation depths (measured and true vertical depth), in the Completion Data
option in the Well Data menu (See Section 4. 1. 2 “Completion Data”, on page 23), in the very last row.
File opened
When you have opened a file you will notice that all the menu options except Graph are enabled, and the Valve Depths
from your file are displayed in the TVD column of the screen. The Graph option becomes enabled once Simulate has
been initiated.
Figure : 3.2.1 - 4 Opening screen with file opened
File Opening Information

When a new file is opened Dynalift determines the content of the file and will notify you of its conclusions
3. 2. 1. File Open
Figure : 3.2.1 - 5 A File Read Warning dialog for Wellhead Data
15
Dynalift User Guide
3. 2. 1. File Open File menu
Figure : 3.2.1 - 6 A File Read Warning dialog for PVT Data
Figure : 3.2.1 - 7 A File Read Warning dialog for Valve Data
Figure : 3.2.1 - 8 A File Read Warning dialog for Flowing Correlation
Figure : 3.2.1 - 9 A File Read Warning dialog for Damping Parameters
When Dynalift is unable to read the data contained in an opened file it will substitute a set of default values for the data
it is unable to read, referencing each dialog box data set it finds error with. The dialog boxes above (Figure 3.2.1 - 5,
“A File Read Warning dialog for Wellhead Data” to Figure 3.2.1 - 9, “A File Read Warning dialog for Damping
Parameters”) will inform you of the changes it has made or suggested, and ask you to check these values in the related
dialog box(s).
Figure : 3.2.1 - 10 Data Discrepancy dialog
On opening a file Dynalift computes the specific gravity of reservoir gas from the gas composition. If this is different
from the one defined in the Fluid Gravities area of the opened file, Dynalift will prompt you with the Data Discrepancy
dialog box.
If Yes is selected the opened file’s specific gravity is honoured and gas composition is updated. If No is selected
composition is not changed and the opened file’s specific gravity is used.
Figure : 3.2.1 - 11 Valve Data Warning dialog
16
Basics
This warning dialog indicates that your file contains an invalid combination of Valve Type, Correlation and Port Size in
the Valve Data dialog (Section 4. 1. 5 “Valve Data”, on page 30). In ordinary circumstances you should not see this
warning, if you observe this contact EPS support (See Section 1. 2 “EPS Support”, on page 5).
Figure : 3.2.1 - 12 A Valve licence Warning
Dynalift installations vary with respect to the number of licenced valve types that are available for selection (see
Section 2. 1 “Licensing and Accessing Valve Data”, on page 7). In this case a McMurry C-1 port size .25 valve is not
licenced, therefore another valve will have to be selected in the Valve Data dialog (see Section 4. 1. 5 “Valve Data”, on
page 30) in order to run Dynalift.
If you wish to extend your available valve licensing contact EPS (see Section 1. 2. 2 “Contacts”, on page 6).
3. 2. 2. File New
This option allows you to create a new Dynalift file from scratch.
3. 2. 3. File Save
Clicking on this option will save your current file data to disk.
3. 2. 4. File Save As ...

You may use this option to save a file under a new name.
The File Save As dialog where you can give your data a File name and Save as type .KDL or .KWF file is similar to
the File Open dialog (See Section 3. 2. 1 “File Open”, on page 14).
Figure : 3.2.4 - 1 File Save As dialog
3. 2. 5. Auto Save
In Dynalift you may define automatic save durations for several data groups. This can be done before starting the
simulation, or during the calculations.
3. 2. 2. File New
Figure : 3.2.5 - 1 Auto-Save Simulation Data dialog
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Dynalift User Guide
3. 2. 6. Auto Exit File menu
This dialog, along with several other data entry dialog boxes, has help tips for any selected fields displayed in the
yellow area above the buttons. In the example figures, help tips are displayed for the Flowing Status Option (above)
and IGL Status (below).
Figure : 3.2.5 - 2 Help tip for Data Save Frequency
If you enter the Auto Save option during the simulation run, the calculations will be frozen until you OK or Cancel
from the dialog.
Data Save Options

These files are comma-delimited and are best read in a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel. To read in the
headers correctly, set the Text Qualifier in the Excel Text Import Wizard (Step 2) to “None”.
Flowing Status: Saves the Wellhead Data to a file with the extension .FLW.
Valve Status: Saves the Flowrate, Status, etc., of each Valve to a file with the extension .VLV.
Flowing Gradients: Saves Tubing Flowing Pressures, Gradients and Depth Parameters to a file with the extension
.GRD.
IGL Status: Saves the Intermittent Gas Lift Data to a file with the extension .IGL. A description of this file is given in
Appendix II (see Section 10 “Appendix II”, on page 50).
Data Save Frequency
Every n Minutes: Allows you to define the elapsed time between saves.
3. 2. 6. Auto Exit
This menu selection allows you to define parameters for Dynalift to Autostop and Exit a Simulation. Please note that
apart from the option to Stop at elapsed time of, none of the other options apply to intermittent Gas Lift. You may edit
these settings before or during a simulation run.
Figure : 3.2.6 - 1 Auto Stop and Exit dialog

When the Auto Exit occurs the current parameter values will be added to the appropriate files if any have been selected
under Auto Save (See Section 3. 2. 5 “Auto Save”, on page 17).
Autostop Test Conditions
Stop at elapsed time of n minutes: This option allows you to stop the Simulation after a preassigned time period.
Stop at inflow rate of q Blpd: You may define an inflow rate at which to stop the Simulation.
Stop when annulus fluid level greater than z TVD: With this option you may stop your Simulation when the annulus
fluid falls below a specified level.
Stop when conditions are stable: A set of stability criteria are enabled on selection of this option.
18
Basics
Conditions for stability
Change in wellhead annulus psig < p for n minutes: You may define an annulus pressure at which you are satisfied
that the Simulation is stable.
Change in produced liquid (Blpd) < q for n minutes: With this option you can set a sustained produced liquid rate at
which you would be satisfied that the Simulation is stable.
Change in produced gas (MSCFd) < s for n minutes: With this option you can set a sustained produced gas rate at
which you would be satisfied that the Simulation is stable.
Exit to
Windows: When the Simulation stops, Dynalift will exit to Windows.
Dynalift: When the Simulation stops, it will exit to the Dynalift main screen.
Print and Save Options
Print Well Data on Exit?: This option will print out the Well Data on exiting Dynalift.
Print Results on Exit?: The current results will be printed.
Reminder on running Simulate
When you have selected Auto Save, Auto Exit, and/or Print options you will be reminded of these upon commencing
a Simulation.
Figure : 3.2.6 - 2 Simulation Ready dialog

You may proceed with these criteria by selecting the Yes button, or return to the Auto Stop options for amendment by
clicking No.
Confirmation of Auto Exit
When you have selected an Auto Exit option you will be given the option of continuing the Simulation by the
appearance of the following dialog boxes once the Exit criterion has been met:
Figure : 3.2.6 - 3 Auto Exit Dynalift dialog

If you select Yes to this dialog you will then be presented with another confirmation dialog box:
Figure : 3.2.6 - 4 Stop Simulation dialog

If you select No to the Auto Exit dialog box, Dynalift will inform you of its cancellation of the Auto Exit criteria with
3. 2. 6. Auto Exit
the following dialog box:
Figure : 3.2.6 - 5 Auto-Exit switched off
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Dynalift User Guide
3. 2. 7. Print File menu
3. 2. 7. Print
Figure : 3.2.7 - 1 Print sub-menu
These options allow you to select various report elements from Dynalift.
Print Input Data
Figure : 3.2.7 - 2 Print Input Data dialog
Here you have the option to print specific, or all, Input Data reports.
Customer Information: This option prints out the information entered in the Well Identification dialog. (See Section
4. 1. 1 “Well Identification”, on page 22)
Completion Information: This Report prints out the valve data as recorded in the Completion Data dialog. (See
Section 4. 1. 2 “Completion Data”, on page 23)
Surface Controls: Here you are presented with a report of the details entered in the Wellhead data dialog. (See Section
4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26)
PVT Data and Results: The details recorded on the PVT Data dialog are presented on this report along with the
Computed PVT Data calculated from these details. (See Section 4. 1. 4 “PVT Data”, on page 27)
Valve Information: With this report you are provided with the data entered in the table in the Valve Data dialog. (See
Section 4. 1. 5 “Valve Data”, on page 30)
Flowing Correlations: The data recorded in the Flowing Correlation dialog are presented in this report. (See Section
7. 6. 1 “Flowing Correlation”, on page 40)
Initialize Parameters (CGL): With this option you are provided with a report listing the entries made in the Initialize:
Continuous Lift dialog. (See Section 6. 1 “Continuous Lift”, on page 32)
Run Time Parameters (CGL): This report provides you with the data selected in the Time Step, Damping
Parameters, and Cyclic Pressures dialogs. (See Section 7. 6 “Continuous Lift Options”, on page 40)
Initialize Parameters (IGL): With this option you are provided with a report listing the entries made in the Initialize:
Intermittent Lift dialog. (See Section 6. 2 “Intermittent Lift”, on page 33)
Run Time Parameters (IGL): This report provides you with the data selected in the Time Step, Time Cycle Control,
and Fallback dialogs. (See Section 7. 7 “Intermittent Lift Options”, on page 42)
Auto Save Parameters: With this option you may print out a report of the details selected on the Save Simulation
Data dialog, (See Section 3. 2. 5 “Auto Save”, on page 17) and the selections made from the Print Simulation Data
dialog. (See Section “Print Simulation Data”, on page 21)
All Input Data: This option will deliver a report covering all of the above.
20
Basics
Print Simulation Data
You may select report options to print at various elapsed times during your Simulation.
Figure : 3.2.7 - 3 Print Simulation Data dialog
Print Results Options

Wellhead Status: The report shows the current Wellhead Status for each of the time elapse criteria selected.
Valve Status: The report shows the current Valve Status for each of the time elapse criteria selected.
Flowing Gradients: The report shows the current Flowing Gradients for each of the time elapse criteria selected.
IGL Status: The report shows the current Intermittent Gas Lift data for each of the time elapse criteria selected.
Print Frequency
Every n minutes: The elapse period for which you wish the selected report to be printed out.
3. 2. 8. About
This option will show Dynalift’s copyright information.
Figure : 3.2.8 - 1 About dialog box
3. 2. 9. Exit Dynalift
This option will allow you to exit Dynalift.
Figure : 3.2.9 - 1 Exit Dynalift options
Should you wish to exit Dynalift and you have a file open you will see the above dialog box. This allows you save your
unsaved work to file by clicking Yes, ignore the changes and exit via the No button, or abort exiting Dynalift by the
Cancel button.
3. 2. 8. About
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Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 4 - Well Data The Well Data Menu
Chapter 4- Well Data

4. 1. The Well Data Menu
Figure : 4.1.0 - 1 Well Data Menu with no data in file
When all necessary data has been entered into a sub-menu item a tick will appear beside that item, as shown below.
When a new file is initiated, or an opened file does not have a complete set of input data, the Well Data menu will not
have ticks next to the corresponding menu items.
Figure : 4.1.0 - 2 Well Data Menu with all data entered
4. 1. 1. Well Identification
This dialog allows you to record specific information relating to the well. This information is stored within the File
Header when the file is saved, and will be printed out at the top of any reports.
Figure : 4.1.1 - 1 Well Identification dialog
Note: The minimum information required in this dialog to tick the menu option is the Well Identification.
22
Well Data
4. 1. 2. Completion Data
The Completion Data dialog is split into two halves. The top half shows a table of the data that will be utilised in the
Simulation. The bottom half allows you to enter and edit the data to go in the upper half.
The depths in the table correspond to the positions of “Devices”. The term “Device” includes actual equipment like gas
lift valves, or changes in ID or angle of deviation. The diameters, depths and angle listed at each depth correspond to the
tubing from that depth up to the next highest depth (or up to the wellhead in the case of the top line of the table).
In the context of Nodal Analysis, each “Device” is a node.
Figure : 4.1.2 - 1 Completion Data dialog
Select the row you wish to edit, by clicking anywhere on it.
For each field in the row, you may select a value from the corresponding list in the lower panel. If you require a value
which is not offered by the list, type it into the box at the top of each list.
Csg ID (casing Internal Diameter): range available: 3.920” – 18.730”
Tbg OD (tubing Outside Diameter): range available: 1.900” – 7.000”
Tbg ID (tubing Internal Diameter): range available: 1.610” – 3.958”
Roughness (tubing roughness factor - (absolute)): range available: 0.0005” – 0.050”
M Depth and TV Depth (measured and true vertical depths): These values need to be entered manually.
Devices: The devices need to be selected from the available list. The devices that are listed are:
• Valve - pressure controlled valve.

• Orifice - orifice valve.
• Dummy - dummy mandrel or any non-specific node.
• Packer
• Perfs - mid-perforation depth.
• Size - node at which tubing diameter changes, (when there is no specific piece of equipment present at this depth).
• Deviation - node at which tubing deviation changes (when there is no specific piece of equipment present at this
depth).
• Riser
• SSSV - sub-surface safety valve.
Note: Ensure that the last device in your Completion Data is the Perfs data.
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Dynalift User Guide
4. 1. 2. Completion Data The Well Data Menu
Figure : 4.1.2 - 2 New Values selected
Once all the data has been entered in the lower panel, click again on the row you are editing in the table in the upper
part of the screen to see your values updated.
Figure : 4.1.2 - 3 New Values updated to highlighted row
You will notice that the Angle is computed directly from the Measured and True Vertical Depths data and actually
denotes the average deviation angle of the section of tubing above the node.
When you have all the necessary information and are ready to proceed, click OK. All changes made in this menu will
now be saved to memory.
24
Well Data
Insert Row
To insert a new row move to the table area at the top of the dialog and click on the row beneath where you want the new
row to be placed, then click on the Insert Row button. A blank row will now appear in the table above the row you
clicked in.
Figure : 4.1.2 - 4 A blank row inserted in the table using the Insert Row button
Remove Row
Should you wish to Remove a row from the table, highlight it and click on Remove Row. You will then be prompted to
confirm. Click Yes to proceed.
Figure : 4.1.2 - 5 Delete Row confirmation
All rows below the deleted row will be shifted up.
Figure : 4.1.2 - 6 Delete Row result
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Dynalift User Guide
4. 1. 3. Wellhead Data The Well Data Menu
4. 1. 3. Wellhead Data
This dialog may be viewed as two sections; the left hand side for Production Chokes, and the right hand side for
Injection Chokes.
Figure : 4.1.3 - 1 Wellhead Data dialog
Production Data
There are three Production Choke options available:
• Generic 5” port: max port size = 320/64” or Flowline ID whichever is smaller.

• Willis MOV 2 port: max setting = 900.
• None - no choke is present.
After selecting one of the above options, you may enter the following information for equipment downstream of
Production Choke:
Choke Position (ft): The distance between the choke and the wellhead, which should be less than flow line length.
Bend ID (inches): The internal diameter of the bend.
Bend Roughness (inches): The roughness of the bend.
Bend Angle (degrees): The angle through which the bend deviates the flowline, e.g. a right hand bend would be 90
degrees, and a u-turn would be 180 degrees.
Bend Radius (ft): The radial distance of the bend from the centre of the bend’s arc to the axial mid line. Therefore, a
value of less than half of the diameter can not occur.
Flowline Length (ft): Length of the flowline to the separator.

Flowline ID (inches): inner diameter of the flowline. Only one flowline (assumed horizontal) is currently allowed.
Flowline Roughness (decimal fractions of inch):
Separator Pressure (psig).
Separator Temp - Separator Temperature (oF).
26
Well Data
Injection Data
There are four Injection choke options available:
• Merla 1/4” port: max port size = 16/64”.
• Merla 1 - 1/2”port: max port size = 96/64”.
After selecting one of the above options, you may enter the following information for equipment upstream of Injection
Choke:
Flowline Length (ft): Length of the injection flowline from the injection choke to the casing head.
Flowline ID (inches): inner diameter of the injection flowline. Only one flowline (assumed horizontal) is currently
allowed.
Injected Gas Temp - Injected Gas Temperature on surface (oF).
Available Pressure (psig): Maximum supply pressure available upstream of the injection choke.
Max Inj Rate (Mscf/d): Maximum amount of injection gas available for kick-off.
When you have all the necessary information and are ready to proceed, click OK. All changes made in this menu will
now be saved to memory.
4. 1. 4. PVT Data
This dialog box prompts the user to enter data for the following areas:
• Fluid Gravities
• Reservoir Conditions
• Gas Composition
• Well Test Data
• Well Test Pressures
• PVT Correlations
4. 1. 4. PVT Data
Figure : 4.1.4 - 1 PVT Data dialog
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Dynalift User Guide
4. 1. 4. PVT Data The Well Data Menu
Fluid Gravities
API Gravity/Sgo: Enter either the stock tank API gravity of the oil or Sgo, its specific gravity at 60oF. When one
value is entered the other value will be computed internally.
Water Gravity: The specific gravity of produced water.
Gas Gravity: The specific gravity of associated gas at standard conditions (air = 1.0).
Injected Gas Gravity: The specific gravity of injected gas at standard conditions (air = 1.0).
Reservoir Conditions
Temperature: Reservoir Temperature in oF
Injectivity: The Injectivity Index of the Reservoir (STB/day/psi)
Flow Efficiency: The Flow Efficiency of the Reservoir. Use a value of 1.0 if unrestricted flow from the reservoir. For
reservoirs with damage a value less than 1.0 should be used.
DrawdownXwithoutXskin ∆Ptest – ∆Pskin

FlowXEfficiency = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = ----------------------------------------------------
DrawdownXwithXskin ∆Ptest
Geothermal Gradient: The Geothermal Gradient in oF/100 ft
Prod GOR: Reservoir production gas-oil ratio (SCF/STB). Do not include lift gas.
Gas Composition
The values for the listed gas components should be entered in mole percent.
Note: if the specific gravity of reservoir gas computed internally from gas composition is different from the one
you have entered in the Fluid Gravities area, Dynalift will prompt with the Data Discrepancy dialog box (Figure
3.2.1 - 10, “Data Discrepancy dialog,” on page 16).
If Yes is selected the input specific gravity is honoured and gas composition is updated. If No is selected
composition is not changed and the original specific gravity is used.
Well Test Data
Oil Flow Rate: Oil production rate (STB/day) during a recent welltest.
Water Flow Rate: Water production rate (STB/day) during the recent welltest.
Gas Flow Rate: Total gas production rate (MSCF/day) during the recent welltest (including injection gas),
automatically updated from a given producing GOR, oil rate and injection gas rate.
Inj Gas Rate: Gas injection rate (MSCF/day) during the recent welltest.
Well Test Pressures

Welltest pressures recorded during the recent welltest are also to be entered:
Bottomhole Flowing: The flowing bottomhole pressure (BHFP) during the recent welltest (corresponding to the flow
rates entered under Well Test Data).
Bottomhole Static: The current static bottomhole pressure (BHSIP) defining reservoir pressure.
Wellhead Flowing: The flowing wellhead pressure (WHFP) during the recent welltest (corresponding to the flow rates
entered under Well Test Data).
The BHSIP, BHFP and Well Test Data will be used to define the Productivity Index of the well.
28
Well Data
PVT Correlations
The following correlations are available for selection:
Oil Viscosity: Beggs (Beggs and Robinson), Schmidt (Schmidt and Kartoatmodjo), Chew (Chew and Conally).
Gas Viscosity: Carr, et al (Carr, Kobayashi and Burrows) and Lee, et al (Lee, Gonzalez and Eakin).
Bubblepoint and Solution GOR: Glaso, Schmidt (Schmidt and Kartoatmodjo), Vazquez (Vazquez and Beggs),
Standing, Lasater.
Volume Factor: Glaso, Schmidt (Schmidt and Kartoatmodjo), Vazquez (Vazquez and Beggs), Standing, Marhoun.
Note: The correlations can also be tuned. This may be done by entering a known slope and a known offset (shift).
Straight-line relationship (corrected = (slope * calculated) + offset) is applied.
Dynalift is now ready to compute PVT results based on the data entered in this dialog.
Results
By clicking the Results button you can see the PVT properties determined by the PVT correlations selected.
Figure : 4.1.4 - 2 PVT results dialog

The Results shown are:
• Water Cut - (decimal fraction)
• Productivity Index - (STB/day/psi total liquid)
• Vogel AOF - (STB/day of liquid at BHFP = 0 psig)
• Bubble Point - (psia)
• Solution GOR - (SCF/STB)
• Reservoir Free Gas - (MSCF/day) = (Prod GOR - Solution GOR) x Oil Flowrate x 1E-03
The following are computed at Reservoir Conditions:
• Specific Gravity of Oil (water = 1.0)
• Specific Gravity of Gas (air = 1.0)
• Formation Volume Factor of Oil
• Molecular Weight of Oil
4. 1. 4. PVT Data
• Surface Tension: liquid/gas interfacial tension (dynes/cm)

• Oil Viscosity (cp)
• Gas Viscosity (cp)
The following are computed at Separator Conditions:
• Oil Viscosity (cp)
• Gas Viscosity (cp)
• Surface Tension: liquid/gas interfacial tension (dynes/cm)
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Dynalift User Guide
4. 1. 5. Valve Data The Well Data Menu
4. 1. 5. Valve Data
The Valve Data dialog is split in two halves. The top half shows the active valve data table that will be utilised in
Simulation. The bottom half is where the data is actually entered or edited.
Figure : 4.1.5 - 1 Valve Data dialog
The depth of valves is automatically transferred from the Completion Data (See Section 4. 1. 2 “Completion Data”, on
page 23).
To enter new data or edit a previously created file select the row in which change(s) need to be implemented by clicking
on any part of the row. Then make your choices from the lower half of the screen.
Valve Type: Select the type of valve from the list.
The generic IPO and PPO options, and the Orifice, are available by default to all users. The commercial valves are
only available if licenced (see Section 2. 1 “Licensing and Accessing Valve Data”, on page 7). Please contact your
EPS representative for more information about licensing specific valve/port size combinations. If you have
licenced a valve but cannot select it (see Figure 3.2.1 - 12, “A Valve licence Warning”), please refer to “Updating
Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information”, on page 8 for instructions on modifying the dynalift36.ini file.
Port Size: Select the port size from the list of available sizes.
Correlation: Valve performance correlation. Various correlations are available for the different valves:
VPC - from new test data provided by the Valve Performance Clearinghouse. Available by licence only.
VPC-TUALP - based on a reprocessing of the original TUALP data by the Valve Performance Clearinghouse.
Winkler-Eads - ref. SPE 18871 (March 1989).
Bertovic - ref. SPE 37424 (March 1997) and M.S. Thesis (University of Tulsa - 1995).
Th-Cr - Thornhill and Craver correlation for a square edged orifice.
Simplified - a good general correlation better suited to throttling valves than Thornhill and Craver. (API RP 11V2
Appendix B).
Ptro: Valve test rack opening pressure at 60 oF.
Dome: Volume of dome (cubic inches). This is the default for the selected value.
Fluid: Volume of fluid in dome (cubic inches).

Loadrate: Valve Loadrate (psi/inch). This is calculated for the specified Ptro.
Type: Type of fluid in dome.
Travel: Stem Travel (inches). This is available from the manufacturer’s catalogue.
Once all the data has been entered for the valve, click again in the appropriate row in the upper panel to transfer the new
values in. Repeat for the other valves as necessary.
Note: some valve data are proprietary and not available for general release.
30
Choke
Chapter 5- Choke
5. 1. The Choke Menu
The following menu appears.
Figure : 5.1.0 - 1 Choke Menu

If no production choke was selected in Wellhead Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26),
Production choke in the menu is greyed out.
Before Simulate commences, injection parameters are set as in the Intermittent or Continuous Initialise menu options,
and no changes are allowed in the Choke menu. Instead the following dialog box will be displayed:
Figure : 5.1.0 - 2 Choke Settings not active dialog

5. 1. 1. Injection
The following dialog appears (once you have started a simulation).
Figure : 5.1.1 - 1 Injection Choke dialog

The Control Type options are as described under Initialize (See Section 6. 1 “Continuous Lift”, on page 32 and Section
6. 2 “Intermittent Lift”, on page 33). The control option you selected in Initialize is honoured here. A new control
option can be selected now or later during the simulation.
A slider is provided to adjust the opening of the choke (or the unloading rate). The slider scale is based on the maximum
port size allowed for the choke (or the maximum injection rate) selected under Wellhead Data (See Section 4. 1. 3
“Wellhead Data”, on page 26). The initial setting is as defined in Initialize dialog. This setting can be changed only
during the simulation.
5. 1. 2. Production
The following dialog, similar to the one for Injection Choke (See Section 5. 1. 1 “Injection”, on page 31), appears.
Chapter 5 - Choke
Figure : 5.1.2 - 1 Production Choke dialog

The Control Type options are greyed out since these do not apply to the production choke.
A slider is provided to adjust the opening of the choke. The slider scale is based on the maximum port size or opening
angle allowed for the choke selected under Wellhead Data (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26). The
initial setting is as defined in Initialize dialog (See Section 6. 1 “Continuous Lift”, on page 32 and Section 6. 2
“Intermittent Lift”, on page 33). This setting can be changed only during the simulation.
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Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 6 - Initialize Continuous Lift
Chapter 6- Initialize
6. 1. Continuous Lift
Figure : 6.1.0 - 1 Initialize Continuous Lift dialog
The following data is required to define static conditions and the mode of unloading prior to simulating the unloading
sequence.
Fluid Level
Annulus: The true vertical depth (ft) to the top of the static column of fluid in the annulus before unloading.
Gradient (Annulus): Static pressure gradient (psi/ft) for the fluid in the annulus.
Tubing: The true vertical depth (ft) to the top of the static column of fluid in the tubing before unloading.
Gradient (Tubing): Static pressure gradient (psi/ft) for the fluid initially in the tubing.
Starting Reservoir Liquid at: The two options here allow you to define if the tubing fluid column mentioned
previously is all kill or reservoir fluid. By selecting Tubing Fluid Level, the tubing fluid column is assumed to contain
purely reservoir fluid. By setting it to Perfs (perforation depth), the tubing fluid column is assumed to contain purely
kill fluid.
Injection Method
Manual Control: The gas injection rate is a function of the Initial Inj Choke Setting (see below) and the Available
Injection Pressure specified in the Wellhead Data dialog. Note that gas injection rate can be controlled during
simulation by adjusting the Choke Setting, or even changing the Control Type in the Injection Choke Control dialog
which is accessed via the main Choke menu.
Constant Rate: The gas injection rate is set to the value specified in the Constant Rate Setting field. The gas injection
rate can be controlled during simulation using the Injection Choke Control dialog which is accessed via the main
Choke menu.
API Unload: Allows choke control as per API recommendations. This allows casing head injection pressure to
increase at the rate of 50 psi/hr until 400 psig is reached and then at the rate of 100 psi/hr to system pressure.
Choke Control
Initial inj choke setting (in 64th inch): This should be less than or equal to the maximum port size associated with the
Injection Choke selected previously under Wellhead Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26).
Initial prod choke setting (in 64th of an inch, except for Willis MOV2 in degrees): This should be less than or equal
to the maximum port size associated with the Production Choke selected previously under Wellhead Data dialog (See
Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26). If you selected None (no production choke) this window is greyed out.
Constant Rate Setting (in MSCF/day): Defines the gas injection rate if Constant Rate is selected as Injection Method
(see above). This should not be greater than the maximum available injection rate specified in the Wellhead Data
dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26). If you selected Manual Control or API Unload as your
Injection Method then this field is greyed out.
32
Initialize
Unload To..
Separator: If unloading to the separator, you should enter a value for the Wellhead Production pressure under
Starting Pressures in the current dialog.
Pit: If unloading to pit, the wellhead production pressure is assumed to be zero psig.
Starting Pressures
Wellhead Injection (in psig): This is the initial casing head pressure (downstream of the injection choke).
Wellhead Production (in psig): If unloading tubing into a pit, this pressure sets itself to ‘0’. Otherwise, for unloading
to separator it should be set to a suitable initial value. It must not be less than the separator pressure defined in Wellhead
Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26).
Tubing Static Pressure Check
There should be a static pressure balance across the sandface at the time of initialization. Dynalift checks this balance
by calculating a static pressure at the bottom of the tubing using Tubing fluid level and Gradient specified above. This
pressure is then compared with Bottomhole Static pressure specified in the PVT Data dialog box (See Section 4. 1. 4
“PVT Data”, on page 27). If the calculated pressure is less than the specified pressure, a positive Starting inflow rate
is calculated based on the well PI calculated earlier in the PVT Data dialog box. In case the calculated pressure is
greater than the specified Static pressure, a negative Starting inflow rate is calculated based on the well Injectivity
defined in the PVT Data dialog box. In both cases a message, similar to the one below, is displayed identifying the static
pressure discrepancy since no flow is expected at the initial condition.
• Yes - Dynalift adjusts the Tubing fluid level so that the initial Bottomhole Pressure is equal to the static pressure
(zero flow).
• No - Dynalift retains your values and calculates the corresponding Starting inflow (outflow) rate.
• Cancel - Returns you to the Initialise: Continuous Lift dialog so you can edit it.
Note: The calculations following the Yes or No responses are performed as you exit the Initialise: Continuous
Lift dialog. To see the revised values, re-enter the dialog.
Figure : 6.1.0 - 2 Bottomhole Psig Test warning
6. 2. Intermittent Lift
Figure : 6.2.0 - 1 Initialize Intermittent Lift dialog

The following data is required to define the initial conditions prior to simulating Intermittent Lift (IGL).
6. 2. Intermittent Lift
Fluid Level
Slug Height: The initial height (in TVD ft) of the top of the static column of fluid measured relative to the position of
the injection valve.
Bottomhole Pressure: The bottomhole pressure (in psig) that would result from the static column of fluid. This value
is based on the height entered in the Slug Height field, and also on the reservoir fluid properties API Gravity, Water
Gravity and relative Oil and Water Flowrates entered in the PVT dialog box (See Section 4. 1. 4 “PVT Data”, on page
27).
Starting Inflow Rate: The starting inflow rate (in bbls/day) that would occur for a bottomhole flowing pressure of
Bottomhole Pressure. This value is based on the well PI calculated earlier in the PVT Data dialog box.
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Dynalift User Guide
6. 2. Intermittent Lift Intermittent Lift
Injection Method
Manual Control: The gas injection rate is a function of the Initial Inj Choke Setting (see below) and the Available
Injection Pressure specified in the Wellhead Data dialog. Note that gas injection rate can be controlled during
simulation by adjusting the Choke Setting, or even changing the Control Type in the Injection Choke Control dialog
which is accessed via the main Choke menu.
Constant Rate: The gas injection rate is set to the value specified in the Constant Rate Setting field. The gas injection
rate can be controlled during simulation using the Injection Choke Control dialog which is accessed via the main
Choke menu.
API Unload: Not used in IGL.
Choke Control
Initial inj choke setting (in 64th inch): This should be less than or equal to the maximum port size associated with the
Injection Choke selected previously under Wellhead Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26).
Initial prod choke setting (in 64th of an inch, except for Willis MOV2 which is in degrees): This should be less than
or equal to the maximum port size associated with the Production Choke selected previously under Wellhead Data
dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26). If you selected None (no production choke) this field is
greyed out.
Constant Rate Setting (in MSCF/day): Defines the gas injection rate if Constant Rate is selected as Injection
Method (see above). This should not be greater than the maximum available injection rate specified in the Wellhead
Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead Data”, on page 26). If you selected Manual Control as your Injection
Method then this field is greyed out.
Starting Pressures
Wellhead Injection (in psig): This is the initial casing head pressure (downstream of the injection choke).
Wellhead Production (in psig): IGL assumes that the well is unloading to separator, and so the Wellhead Production
field displays the Separator Pressure that is specified in the Wellhead Data dialog (See Section 4. 1. 3 “Wellhead
Data”, on page 26).
Tubing Static Pressure Check

There should be a static pressure balance across the sandface at the time of initialization. Dynalift checks this balance
by calculating a static pressure at the bottom of the tubing using the Slug Height specified above, along with the
reservoir fluid properties (API Gravity, Water Gravity and relative Oil and Water Flowrates) specified in the PVT
dialog box (See Section 4. 1. 4 “PVT Data”, on page 27). This pressure is then compared with Bottomhole Static
pressure specified in the PVT Data dialog box. If the calculated pressure is less than the specified pressure, a positive
Starting Inflow Rate is calculated based on the well PI calculated earlier in the PVT Data dialog box. In case the
calculated pressure is greater than the specified static pressure, a negative Starting Inflow Rate is calculated based on
the well Injectivity defined in the PVT Data dialog box. In both cases a message, similar to the one below, is displayed
identifying the static pressure discrepancy since no flow is expected at the initial condition.
• Yes Dynalift adjusts the Slug Height so that the initial Bottomhole Pressure is equal to the static pressure
(zero flow).
• No Dynalift retains your values and calculates the corresponding Starting Inflow Rate.
• Cancel Returns you to the Initialize: Intermittent Lift dialog box so you can edit it.
Note: The calculations following the Yes or No responses are performed as you exit the Initialise: Intermittent
Lift dialog. To see the revised values, re-enter the dialog.
Figure : 6.2.0 - 2 Slug height and starting pressure warning
34
Simulate
Chapter 7- Simulate
7. 1. Simulate Menu
With this menu you have the option to Start, Pause and Terminate the Simulation, and to adjust some of the
parameters controlling the computation. The options are placed in one of the three sections, depending on whether the
option is applicable to simulating continuous lift (Flowing Correlation, Damping, Cyclic Pressures, Unload to Pit,
Unload to Separator), intermittent lift (Time Cycle Control, Fallback), or to both types of lift (Start, Pause,
Terminate, Time Step).
Figure : 7.1.0 - 1 Simulate Menu
7. 2. Start
Once all the data has been input you can commence the Simulation process by clicking the Start option. A pop-up
dialog appears in which the simulation method (Continuous or Intermittent) must be chosen (the default is
Continuous).
7. 2. 1. Simulation Ready
Once all the data has been input you can commence the Simulation process by clicking the Start option. A pop-up
dialog appears asking for confirmation that you wish to proceed.
Figure : 7.2.1 - 1 Simulation Ready dialog
Selecting No causes the dialog to disappear and control is returned to the Main dialog box.
Selecting Yes causes various checks to be made on the input parameters. If any of the input data is incorrect then a
message will appear either warning you of the discrepancy and allowing the simulation to continue, or, if the
discrepancy is significant, then you will be forced to amend the data before the simulation can continue.
7. 2. 2. Simulation in Progress
Dynalift initiates the simulation using the data specified in the appropriate Initialize dialog box. During the simulation
Chapter 7 - Simulate
various parameters are displayed on the Main dialog box and are updated at each timestep. The data that is displayed
will depend on the simulation method that has been selected, as shown in the following two sections.
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Dynalift User Guide
7. 2. 2. Simulation in Progress Start
Continuous Simulation
During the process you can see the well unloading in a tabular or graphical format.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 1 Continuous simulation in progress
Information Area: Top of screen

During continuous simulation, the information area at the top of the main screen holds the following information (as
described under Basics see Section 3. 1. 2 “Information Areas - top of screen”, on page 11):
Inj Choke Setting, Production Choke Setting, Csg head pressure, Tbg head pressure, Gas Injection rate, Gas
and Liquid Production rates, Injection Method, Unload to destination, and Timestep.
Information Area: Bottom of screen

During continuous simulation, the information area at the bottom of the main screen holds the following information
(as described under Basics - see Section 3. 1. 3 “Information Areas - bottom of screen”, on page 12).
Annulus Liquid Depth, Bottomhole Pressure, Inflow, Tubing Liquid Depth, Reservoir Drawdown, Elapsed
Minutes, Bbls Lost to Reservoir, position of Reservoir Liquid level, and Accepted Error.
Table Area
During continuous simulation, the table area of the main screen holds the following information:
TVD: Valve depths (ft).

Status: Status of valve (open or closed). The number is the stem travel in inches. Open BC means that the valve is
“back-checked” - i.e. tubing pressure > annulus pressure. Only an Orifice valve will allow flow in a reverse
direction.
MSCF/day: Injection gas flow rate through the valve.

Bbls/day: Annulus liquid flow rate through the valve.
Pcsg: Pressure in the annulus at valve depth.
Ptbg: Pressure in tubing at valve depth.
Pvod: Test rack opening pressure corrected to temperature at depth (this is not the pressure at which the valve will
open).
Temp F: Tubing fluid temperature at valve depth.
Comments: During continuous simulation “API C” values displayed in this column indicates annulus liquid being
driven through the valve. According to API if this value is less than 150 then the valve will not be damaged.
Current practice suggests that if this value is less than 400 then the valve is safe from damage. “Choked”, means
that the valve is passing gas in critical flow. When gas is passing through a valve in sub-critical flow, the
Comments field will display either Liquid (if single phase liquid is flowing past the valve), or the name of the
flow correlation, e.g. Hagedorn, (if flow past the valve is multiphase).
With the continuous simulation in progress you may wish to amend some of the running parameters. To do this you
may return to any of the dialogs available on the Well Data, Choke, and Simulate menu options. When you do so
Dynalift will automatically pause until the dialog is Ok’d or Cancelled.
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Simulate
Intermittent Simulation
Figure : 7.2.2 - 2 Intermittent simulation in progress
Information Area: Top of screen

During IGL Simulation, the information area at the top of the main screen holds the following information (as described
under Basics - see Section 3. 1. 2 “Information Areas - top of screen”, on page 11):
Inj Choke Setting, Production Choke Setting, Csg head pressure, Tbg head pressure, Gas Injection rate,
Liquid Production rate, Injection Cycle Period, and Timestep.
Information Area: Bottom of screen

During IGL Simulation, the information area at the bottom of the main screen holds the following information (as
described under Basics - see Section 3. 1. 3 “Information Areas - bottom of screen”, on page 12).
Fallback Coeff, Bottomhole Pressure, Reservoir Drawdown, Inflow, Elapsed Minutes.
Table Area
During IGL Simulation, the table area of the main screen is divided into two sections, which are separated by the line
‘**************’. The area above this separator holds the valve information as described in section 7.2.2.1. The
information shown below this separator is as follows:
Lift Slug Top: Position of top of current rising slug, measured in TVD ft from wellhead (positive along the
wellbore, negative along the production line).
Lift Slug Btm: Position of bottom of current rising slug, measured in TVD ft from wellhead (positive along the
wellbore, negative along the production line).
Inflow Slug: Position of top of current inflowing slug, measured in TVD ft from wellhead.
Vslug: Speed of rising slug (ft/sec).
As with the continuous simulation, you may wish to amend some of the IGL running parameters during simulation. To
do this you may return to any of the dialogs available on the Well Data, Choke, and Simulate menu options. When you
7. 2. 2. Simulation in Progress
do so Dynalift will automatically pause until the dialog is Ok’d or Cancelled.
In addition there are a number of information and warning messages that appear during IGL simulation to which the
user must respond in order for the simulation to continue. Some examples of these are as shown below. A description of
the method used in simulating IGL is given in Appendix I (see Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48):
When the combined effects of the tubing and casing pressure next to the injection valve causes the valves to open, the
following message is displayed. The simulation then switches to Phase 1.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 3 IGL Status: Switch to Phase 1
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Dynalift User Guide
7. 2. 2. Simulation in Progress Start
At the beginning of Phase 1, Dynalift estimates the fallback that will result from lifting the slug to the wellhead. The
message below will appear whilst it is performing this calculation.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 4 Estimating Fallback
It is possible that when the conditions within the tubing during the lift, combined with the performance of the valve, are
such that the valve closes and then re-opens again. If this is the case, then a warning message will appear and the user
will be given the choice to continue with the simulation, see Figure 7.2.2 - 5, “Warning: Valve Re-Opened Before
Reaching Separator”. It should be noted that if the valve re-opens during Phase 1 when there has already been some
inflow, then Dynalift will assume that the injected gas is being added directly to the gas bubble above the inflowing
slug i.e. it does not model the rise of a second slug. It should also be noted that this message may appear due to
numerical artefacts in the algorithm. In particular, the sudden impulse of injected gas at the beginning of Phase 1 may
cause the tubing pressure next to the valve to go very high. In the model, this high pressure would cause the valve to
close momentarily, but it re-opens again when the slug moves away from the injection valve. The increase in gas
bubble volume below the slug causes the pressure next to the valve to decrease and so the valve re-opens. This
numerical artefact, for a given well/valve model, thus depends on the chosen time step.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 5 Warning: Valve Re-Opened Before Reaching Separator
When there is insufficient gas injected below the slug to allow it to reach the wellhead, the following message is
displayed. It should be noted that, for a given well/valve model, the appearance of this message may depend on the
chosen time step. This is because, at each time step, the amount of gas passing through the injection valve is a function
of the casing and tubing pressures at the injection valve, and also the time step value. This calculated gas amount is
used to compute the casing and tubing pressures at the next time step, which will in turn affect the amount of gas
passing through the valve at that time. Therefore, if the time step value is changed, then the response of the injection
valve with time will change. This effect would be most noticeable if the valve is operating in the throttling region of the
valve performance curve.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 6 IGL Simulation Terminated: Slug Unable to Reach Wellhead
When the top of the slug reaches the end of the production flow line (or wellhead if there is no production flow line) the
message below is displayed. The simulation then switches to Phase 2 (see Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48).
Figure : 7.2.2 - 7 IGL Status: Slug Has Reached Separator
When the bottom of the slug reaches the end of the production flow line (or wellhead if there is no production flow line)
The following message is displayed. The simulation then switches to Phase 3 (see Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48).
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Simulate
When the gas behind the slug has discharged into the separator (or pit) the following message is displayed. The
simulation then switches to Phase 4 (see Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48)
When the combined effects of the tubing and casing pressure next to the injection valve causes the valves to open whilst
there is still inflow from the reservoir, the following message is displayed. If the user chooses to continue, then the
simulation switches to Phase 1.
Figure : 7.2.2 - 10 Warning: Valve Has Opened Whilst Inflow Still Occurring
7. 3. Pause
Clicking on this option will pause the Simulation and freeze the results at the current time step. The following dialog
box will appear:
Figure : 7.3.0 - 1 Simulation paused dialog
You may resume the Simulation by clicking the OK button.
7. 4. Terminate
This option allows you to stop the current simulation.
Should you wish to return to the current simulation rather than terminating it, click on the No button.
7. 3. Pause
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Dynalift User Guide
7. 5. Time Step Time Step
7. 5. Time Step
This defines the size of the time step allowed for the Simulation.
Figure : 7.5.0 - 1 Automatic Time Step dialog
Figure : 7.5.0 - 2 Fixed Time Step dialog
For continuous simulation, time-stepping can be Automatic between a Minimum and Maximum length (in sec.), or
Fixed to a certain specified value (in sec.). For intermittent simulation, time–stepping must be fixed. The time-stepping
settings may be changed at any time during the simulation.
During continuous lift, automatic time-stepping will vary between the minimum and the maximum settings depending
on the simulation stability. A Minimum of 5 - 15 secs and a Maximum of 30 - 50 is usually adequate. The use of a fixed
step size is not recommended during the unloading process, as it is highly unstable in nature.
The limits and recommended values for the fixed time step are displayed in the help message field, as shown in Figure
7.5.0 - 2, “Fixed Time Step dialog” above.
7. 6. Continuous Lift Options

7. 6. 1. Flowing Correlation
Figure : 7.6.1 - 1 Flowing Correlation dialog
To calculate flowing pressure drop in wellbore, the following three correlations are available:
• Hagedorn-Brown: As formulated in their original work (JPT, April 1965)

• Beggs and Brill: From their published work (JPT, May 1973)
One or more of the above correlations can be used over any length of the wellbore by assigning a Beginning Depth
against each. The correlation will be invoked for the section of the well above the specified depth.
40
Simulate
Tuning factor “L”: This can also be used for the above correlations if some measured pressure data is available to
correct the calculated data, or if you wish to use the same tuning as in WellFlo. The L-factor is used as a multiplier on
the pressure gradient computed in each computation increment along the wellbore. A number <1 reduces the gradient,
and >1 increases it.
7. 6. 2. Damping
This damps the effect of sudden changes in the calculated variables from one time step to another. It applies to:
• Valve gas passage

• Valve liquid passage
• Wellhead flowing pressure
• Reservoir flowing pressure
• Flowing temperature
Figure : 7.6.2 - 1 Damping Parameters dialog
Damping can be set to Automatic, or to Manual by leaving this box unchecked and defining the number of elements to
use for the running average. Guidelines for the selection of the number of these elements are mentioned in the help box
for each of the above variables.
7. 6. 3. Cyclic Pressures
This allows you to account for cyclical field or test condition variations, such as heading.
Figure : 7.6.3 - 1 Cyclic Pressures dialog
In this dialog you may allow for possible cyclic variations in Separator Pressure and/or Injection Pressure. These
cyclic variations are defined by peak-to-peak Amplitude (in psi) and Time period (in min.)
7. 6. 4. Unload to Pit
This option is clicked to allow produced fluid unloading to pit (atmospheric pressure at the tubing wellhead). This
7. 6. 2. Damping
overwrites any previous selection made in Initialize: Continuous Lift dialog.
When this option is selected it is shown in the upper information area of the dialog.
Figure : 7.6.4 - 1 Unload to Pit indicated in main screen
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Dynalift User Guide
7. 6. 5. Unload to Separator Intermittent Lift Options
7. 6. 5. Unload to Separator
This option is clicked to allow tubing fluid unloading to separator. This overwrites any previous selection made in
Initialize: Continuous Lift dialog box.
When this option is selected it is shown in the upper information area of the dialog.
Figure : 7.6.5 - 1 Unload to Separator indicated in main screen
7. 7. Intermittent Lift Options

7. 7. 1. Time Cycle Control
Figure : 7.7.1 - 1 Time Cycle Control dialog
The following data is required to specify the time cycle control parameters for gas injection in IGL:
Cycle Control: Use this to specify whether, or not, the injection choke is under time cycle control.
Period of Cycle (min): Period of injection cycle.

Choke Open Time (min):Length of time that choke is open.
7. 7. 2. Fallback
Figure : 7.7.2 - 1 Time Cycle Control dialog
The following data is required to specify the amount fallback in IGL:
Fallback Calculation: Use this to specify method for calculating the fallback coefficient. This can either be
Neely’s (see Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48) or User-defined.
Fallback Coeff: If Fallback Calculation is set to User-defined, then enter the length of slug lost to
fallback per foot rise in slug (value should be between 0-1). This is effectively the
holdup behind the lifted slug.
Fallback Stuck to Wall: For both methods of Fallback Calculation, the fraction of fallback from the previous
slug that is stuck to the wall must be entered in this field (value should be between 0-1).
See Section 9 “Appendix I”, on page 48 for more details of how the fallback is taken into account during the different
phases of the simulation.
42
Graph
Chapter 8- Graph
8. 1. Graphs Menu
The options on the Graph menu allow you to view the Simulation in progress in a graphical format.
Figure : 8.1.0 - 1 Graph Menu
The graph menu presents the following results calculated during simulation:
• Flowing Gradient
• Wellhead Pressures
• Wellhead Flow Rates
• Valve Performance
• Reservoir Information
8. 1. 1. Flowing Gradient (applies to continuous simulation only)
This plot displays tubing pressure against true vertical depth. Valves are indicated by solid horizontal lines. The plot
will track gas entries and the movement of injection gas, kill fluid and reservoir fluid through the tubing.
Figure : 8.1.1 - 1 Flowing Gradient plot during early part of the unloading sequence
Chapter 8 - Graph
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Dynalift User Guide
8. 1. 2. Wellhead Injection Pressure Graphs Menu
8. 1. 2. Wellhead Injection Pressure
This plot displays Wellhead Injection and Production Pressures versus Time.
Figure : 8.1.2 - 1 Wellhead Injection Pressure Plot showing wellhead (Pwhf) and casing head (Pinj) pressures
8. 1. 3. Wellhead Flow
This plot displays the Liquid and Gas Production Rates (at standard conditions) with Time.
Figure : 8.1.3 - 1 Produced Fluids plot showing liquid and gas production rates at surface
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Graph
8. 1. 4. Valve Performance
This screen displays two graphs. The upper screen displays the Piod (casing), Ptf (tubing) and Pvo (in-situ setting
pressure) versus Time for each of the valves. Select the Valve Depth from the Valve Selection box on the left-hand side
and the simulated results will be displayed. The lower screen displays the flowrate of Liquid and Gas through the Valve
versus Time for each of the valves. Select the Valve Depth from the Valve Selection box on the left-hand side and the
simulated results will be displayed.
Figure : 8.1.4 - 1 Valve Performance plots for valve at 2450 ft TVD
8. 1. 4. Valve Performance
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Dynalift User Guide
8. 1. 5. Reservoir Graphs Menu
8. 1. 5. Reservoir
This plot displays the Flowing Bottomhole Pressure and the Inflow (reservoir bbls/day of liquid) from the Reservoir.
Negative number indicates that the fluid flow is into the Reservoir.
Figure : 8.1.5 - 1 Reservoir inflow and bottom hole flowing pressure (Pfbh). Inflow of reservoir fluid began at
approx. 258.5 mins.
8. 1. 6. Toolbar
The graphing package which comes with Dynalift is Graph Control, a third party package supplied by Bits Per
Second Ltd. EPS has adapted this software to function with Dynalift, and we would not recommend changing any of
our default settings. However for reference we have provided the following details of the options which may be
redefined.
When a Graphing dialog is open you will notice that a toolbar is shown at the top of the plot.
This allows you to modify the attributes of the graph view.
Graph View
As we have preset the graph views for optimum viewing and performance we would not recommend that you
reconfigure the graphing settings with these options.
Graph Data
As with the options above, we would not recommend changing this setting.
Titles
You may change the X and Y axis labels and apply a Title to the graph
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Graph
Axis
With this option we would only recommend changing the Colour and Tick Mark options.
3D
As we have pre-defined the graphs to two dimensional views this option will have no effect.
Note: Switching the graphs to a 3D view will slow down the performance of your computer system as this is a
processor and memory intensive option.
Fonts
You may change the display fonts on the graph.
Markers, Trends, Overlay and Error Bar
The use of these functions will be of little benefit to your viewing of data and their use is not recommended.
Background
You may apply cosmetic changes to your graph view with this option - for example, select a white background.
Legend
Using this option allows you to apply a Legend to your graph.
Labels
You can reassign the axis scale information of your graph. We would not recommend that you change the current
settings.
System
With this option you may define settings and perform Printing, Copying to Clipboard and File, along with options for
controlling Map File and Graph Templates. We would not recommend changing the latter settings.
Help
This option will open up the Graphing Help File.
About
This option shows the graphing package’s About dialog.

8. 1. 6. Toolbar
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Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 9 - Appendix I Description of method for simulating IGL
Chapter 9- Appendix I
9. 1. Description of method for simulating IGL
9. 1. 1. Introduction
This Appendix outlines the method used for modelling intermittent gas lift in Dynalift 3.6. The model used is similar
to that proposed by Tianlu Liao[1] in that it tracks the movement of a pre-defined slug, but differs in some important
details (described below).
9. 1. 2. General Description
The model assumes that at the start of the cycle all conditions within the well (slug size and composition, well pressures
etc.) are known. Differential equations are defined to model the pressure variations in the tubing/casing and the
movement of the slug to the separator/pit. These differential equations are solved numerically using a time-marching
scheme; at each time step the non-linearity of the difference equations is resolved iteratively, using a matrix inversion
technique.
9. 1. 3. Model Assumptions
i) The algorithms do not take into account the change in angle in deviated wells and should only be used with a
vertical well model.
ii) The slug is assumed to be a single phase liquid, the density of which remains the same as it is lifted i.e. no gas
comes out of solution as the pressure drops, and the liquid is incompressible. However, the position of a ‘virtual’
gas bubble rising through the slug is tracked throughout Phase 1, to check for breakthrough of injected gas, and
hence break-up of the slug, before it reaches the wellhead.
iii) The frictional pressure drop due to movement of gas in the casing, and also in the injected gas bubble is ignored.
iv) The dynamics of only one slug at a time are modelled. If the gas injection valve re-opens before the current rising
slug has passed into the separator, then it is assumed that the injected gas flows directly into the gas bubble below
the rising slug, and does not mix with the liquid inflow that may have built up whilst the slug was rising.
v) The pressure drop across the moving slug assumes a length weighted tubing ID and roughness.
9. 1. 4. Phase 1 Method
The equations used in Phase 1 are for the lifting of a slug from the foot of the well to the separator/pit. The mass flow
rates through the gas injection valve and the injection and production chokes are computed using the casing and tubing
pressures taken from the results of the previous time step.
Within phase 1 the governing equations will change slightly depending on where the slug is relative to the flowline and
relative to the production choke. Hence, the equations are automatically adjusted as the slug passes the wellhead and
again when it impacts on the production choke. These adjustments effectively model the pressure drops across the slug
caused by changes in the tubing diameter as it rises through the tubing, and flowline and orientation diameter as it
passes into the (presumed horizontal) production flowline.
The equations used in Phase 2 are for simulating the movement of the slug as it is being discharged into the separator.
It is based on the method used during Phase 1. As with Phase 1, account is taken of where the slug lies relative to the
production choke and the wellhead, and the equations adjusted accordingly.
The equations used in Phase 3 are for simulating the discharge of gas once the slug has cleared the separator/pit, during
which time the gas pressure decays quickly. This pressure decay results in no more gas flowing into the separator/pit,
signalling the beginning of Phase 4.
Phase 4 begins when the gas pressure at the top of the tubing equates with the separator/pit pressure, and so the flow of
gas out of the tubing stops. The equations used in Phase 4 are for the build up of reservoir fluid in the tubing. Phase 4
will end when the gas injection valve opens under the combined effects of tubing pressure (which has increased due to
inflow) and casing pressure (which will increase when the injection choke is re-opened). The algorithm then switches
back to Phase 1.
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Appendix I
9. 1. 8. Fallback Assumptions
As the slug is rising (in Phase 1), the fallback shed behind by the rising slug is assumed to exist as a mist suspended in
the gas column behind the rising slug. The amount of mist is calculated from the fallback coefficient from Neely’s
correlation[2] or as defined by the user. Being suspended in the gas column, this mist contributes to the hydrostatic
pressure felt at the bottom of the tubing until the start of Phase 1 (when gas injection valve re-opens and next slug rises
at the end of Phase 4). However, the way the fallback (and its hydrostatic contribution) becomes part of the next slug
depends upon the fallback fraction that is stuck to the tubing wall. If this fraction is input as zero, it means no fallback
sticks to the wall and all of it accumulates at the bottom of the gas column and becomes part of the next slug at the start
of Phase 1. If ’Fallback Stuck to Wall’ is set close to one, it means most of the fallback sticks to the wall. As a result, only
a small fraction of the fallback becomes part of the next slug. The rest of the fallback, that is stuck to the wall, is swept
by the next slug as it rises during the next Phase 1.
9. 1. 9. References
[1] Mechanistic modelling of Intermittent Gas Lift; Tianlu Liao, University of Tulsa PhD Thesis (1991).
[2] A Field Test and Analytical Study of Intermittent Gas Lift; Neely et al, SPE 4538.
Background Reading
[3] A Dynamic Computer Model of a Kicking Well: Part II – Model Predictions and Conclusions; H.V. Nickens, SPE
14184.
[4] The Technology of Artificial Lift Methods, Vol. 2a. K.E. Brown, Penwell Publishing Co.
9. 1. 8. Fallback Assumptions
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Dynalift User Guide
Chapter 10 - Appendix II Description of .IGL auto-save file
Chapter 10- Appendix II

10.1. Description of .IGL auto-save file
This following table describes the column headings used in the .IGL auto-save file:
.IGL Keyword Description

ElapsedT Elapsed time [min]
PCasH Pressure at casing head (downstream of injection choke) [psig]
PCasV Pressure in casing next to injection valve [psig]
DenCasH Gas density at casing head (downstream of injection choke) [lb/ft3]
DenCasV Gas density in casing next to injection valve [lb/ft3]
SlugHtIn Height of top of inflowing slug above injection valve [ft]
BubHt Height of top of injected gas bubble above injection [ft]
SlugHtLift Height of top of lifted slug above injection valve [ft]
VSlug Velocity of lifted slug [ft/sec]
VBub Velocity of top of injected gas bubble [ft/sec]
PTubV Pressure in tubing next to injection valve [psig]
PBubBtm Pressure in tubing at bottom of injected gas bubble [psig]
PBubTop Pressure in tubing at top of injected gas bubble [psig]
DenBubBtm Gas density at bottom of injected gas bubble [lb/ft3]
DenBubTop Gas density at top of injected gas bubble [lb/ft3]
PSlugTop Pressure in tubing at top of lifted slug [psig]
PGCTop Pressure in tubing at top of gas column (that lies above lifted slug) [psig]
DenGCBtm Gas density at bottom of gas column (that lies above lifted slug) [lb/ft3]
DenGCTop Gas density at top of gas column (that lies above lifted slug) [lb/ft3]
PChkDwn Pressure downstream of production choke [psig]
DenChkDwn Gas density downstream of production choke [lb/ft3]
PWH Tubing head pressure [psig]
Pfbh Bottomhole pressure [psig]
Drwdwn Reservoir drawdown [psig]
Inflow Reservoir inflow [bbls/d]
FBCoeff Fallback coefficient
M’Inj Gas mass rate injected into casing [lb/sec]
M’Valve Gas mass rate injected into tubing [lb/sec]
M’Choke Gas mass rate through production choke [lb/sec]
M’WH Gas mass rate through bend at top of tubing [lb/sec]
Qgi/Cycle Gas production rate/cyle [MSCF/cycle]
Ql/Cycle Liquid production rate/cycle [STB/cycle]
dt Current time step (may be less than user defined setting) [sec]
Phase Current IGL Phase
TStep Time step setting (defined by user) [sec]
InjMethod Injection method
PAvail Pressure available for injection [psig]
InjChkSet Injection choke setting [64ths]
ProdChkSet Production choke setting [64ths]
CyclePeriod Injection cycle control period [min]
CycleOpen Injection cycle control open time [min]
50
Index
A Continuous Lift F
Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
About Cyclic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Fallback
Dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Accepted Error Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Fallback coefficient
Information area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fluid Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Annulus Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 File
Fluid Level Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Injection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .IGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Fluid Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 .kdl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Annulus Liquid Depth Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 .KWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tubing Static Pressure Check . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
API C Unload To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Keyworded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Unload to Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 KWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
API Gravity/Sgo Unload to Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Control Type New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
API Unload Injection Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Injection Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Production Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Unloading Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Cycle Period Save As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 WellFlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Appendix II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Cyclic Pressure File Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
ASCII Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 File Opening Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 D Fixed
Auto Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Damping Timesteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Flow Efficiency
Exit option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Data Reservior Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Auto Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 , 18 Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Flowing Correlation
Automatic Delete Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Begining Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Timesteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Insert Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Tuning Factor”L” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Automatic Data Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Gas Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Flowing Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Automatic Data Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
KWF File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Autostop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Flowing Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Exit to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 PVT Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Stability Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Flowline ID
Reservoir Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Injection Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Production Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Available Pressure Well Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Injection Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Well Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Flowline Length
Injection Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
B Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Production Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Wellhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Bbls Lost to Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Fluid
Beggs and Brill Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Data Save Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Beginning Depth Flowing Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Flowing Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Fluid Level
Bottomhole Flowing Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Bottomhole Pressure Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Formation Volume Factor
Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Information area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Valve Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Bottomhole Static Frequency
Delete Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Deviate
Bubble Point
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
G
PVT Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Gas Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bugs, reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Dome
Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Gas Flow Rate
C Drawdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Case ID Gas Gravity
Dummy
Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Casing Head Pressure Gas Viscosity
Dynalift35.ini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Choke E Geothermal Gradient
Control Elapsed Minutes Reservior Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Gradient
Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Enhancements,Requesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Fluid Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 31 EPS Graph
Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Flowing Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 31
EPS contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Choked Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Error Valve Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Completion Wellhead Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Data Discrepancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Wellhead Psig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
File Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Delete Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
File Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 H
Insert Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Missing components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hagedorn-Brown
Remove Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
No Perfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Constant Rate Valve data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Injection Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Help
Valve license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exit from EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Unloading Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Constant Rate Setting Dynalift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exit a Simulation
Contacts
Index
Auto Exit Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
51
DynaLift User Guide
Index
I Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 P
Index
Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
IGL Auto-Save File Fallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Packer
Appendix II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Fluid Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Immediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Injection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Pause
Inflow Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Perforations
Information Area Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Status Pit
Accepted Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Estimating Fallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Annulus Liquid Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Unload To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Slug Has Reached Separator . . . . . . . . 38
Bbls Lost to Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Unload to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Switch to Phase 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Bottomhole Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Port Size
Switch to Phase 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Casing Head Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Switch to Phase 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Elapsed Minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Unable to Reach Wellhead . . . . . . . . . 38 Pressure
Fallback Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Valve Opened During Inflow . . . . . . . . . 39 Bottomhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Valve Re-Opened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Inflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Time Cycle Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Injection Choke Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Tubing Static Pressure Check . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Injection Cycle Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 K Results Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Production Choke Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Simulation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
KDL Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Pwhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Print Results
Keyworded File
Reservoir Drawdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
INI file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Reservoir Liquid At . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Print Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Timestep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Keyworded Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Production
Tubing Head Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 INI file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Choke Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tubing Liquid Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 KWF Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
INI File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Production Choke
Keyworded Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 L Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 L Wellhead Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Tuning Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Production Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fluid Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Productivity Index
Injection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lift PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Tubing Static Pressure Check . . . . . . . 33 Intermittent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Ptro
Unload To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lift Options Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Intermittent Lift Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 PVT
Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27, 29
Fluid Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Liquid Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27, 29
Injection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Gas Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Loadrate
Tubing Static Pressure Check . . . . . . . 34 Reservior Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Injected Gas Gravity Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lost to Reservoir Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Bbls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Injected Gas Rate
Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
M Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
M Depth Pwhi
Injected Gas Temperature
Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Injection Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Injection Manual Control R
Continuous Lift Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Injection Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Remove Row
Injection Choke Production Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Unloading Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Reservoir
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Maximum Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Timesteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Reservoir Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Wellhead Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Menu PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Injection Cycle Period Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Reservoir Drawdown
Injection Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Injection Method Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Reservoir Free Gas
Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Well Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Injection Rate Method for simulating IGL Reservoir Liquid At
Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Injectivity Minimum Results
Reservior Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Timesteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Insert Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Minutes Riser
Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Elapsed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Inspection Area N Roughness
Injection Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
No PERFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
O
Oil Flow Rate
Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Oil Viscosity
PVT Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Orifice
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
52
Index
S T V
Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table area Valve
As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table Comments Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 API C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Security Choked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Accessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Temperature Valve Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
FlexLM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reservior Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Valve Depths
Separator Terminate In Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Unload To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Valve Performance
Unload to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Test Conditions Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Separator Conditions Autostop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Valve Performance Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Time Cycle Control Valve Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Separator Pressure Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Valve Type
Production Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Timestep Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Separator Temperature Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Vogel Qmax
Production Chokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Simulate Toolbar Volume Factor
Conditions reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 PVT Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Continuous Lift in Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Travel
In Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 VPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Intermittent Lift in Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 W
Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Tube ID
Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Water Cut
Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Tube OD
Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Water Flow Rate
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Tubing
Terminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Fluid Level Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Water Gravity
Time Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Fluid Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Fluid Gravities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Update Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tubing Head Pressure Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Update Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Update Well Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Tubing Liquid Depth
Size Identification Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Tubing Static Pressure Check Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Solution Gas
Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
PVT Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Test Pressures Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Solution GOR
Tuning factor “L” Well Data
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Flowing Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Completion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Specific Gravity of Gas
Type Well Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Valve Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Specific Gravity of Oil
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
U Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Unload PVT Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SSSV
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 WellFlo
Unload to Pit Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Stability Conditions
Autostop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Wellhead
Unload to Separator Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Start
Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Injection Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Production Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Starting Pressures
Wellhead Flow
Continuous Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Intermittent Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Wellhead Flowing
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Well Test Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
from EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Wellhead Injection Pressure
Surface Tension
Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
PVT Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Wellhead Pressure
Accepted Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Wellhead Production Pressure
Starting Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Wellhead Psig
Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Index
53

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EPS Dynalift v3.

For Windows 95/NT

Edinburgh Petroleum Services Ltd,

EDINBURGH EH14 4AP

(C) Copyright EPS Ltd. 1998 to 1999. All rights reserved.

Valve Performance Clearinghouse

Middle East Office:

Far East Office:

Figure : 2.0.0 - 1 Installation Status Bars

Figure : 2.0.0 - 2 Copying Files Status Box

2. 1. Licensing and Accessing Valve Data

1. The file already contains the section header:

2. Each identifier must appear once only.

Valve Port Size Identifier

2. 1. 1. Updating Dynalift36x.ini With Valve licence Information

Figure : 3.1.0 - 1 Dynalift Icon

Figure : 3.1.0 - 2 Missing component error

Figure : 3.1.1 - 1 Blank opening screen

Inj Choke Setting

Prod Choke Setting

Csg head pressure

Tbg head pressure

This is the Tubing Head Pressure (wellhead flowing pressure) at wellhead.

3. 1. 2. Information Areas - top of screen

Inj Cycle Period (applies to Intermittent simulation only)

3. 1. 3. Information Areas - bottom of screen

Tubing Liquid Depth (applies to Continuous simulation only)

Bbls Lost to Reservoir (applies to Continuous simulation only)

represented in real time minutes.

Figure : 3.2.0 - 1 File Menu

Figure : 3.2.1 - 1 File Open dialog

• Dynalift .KDL files - created by Dynalift

Figure : 3.2.1 - 3 No PERFS error

Figure : 3.2.1 - 4 Opening screen with file opened

File Opening Information

Figure : 3.2.1 - 5 A File Read Warning dialog for Wellhead Data

Figure : 3.2.1 - 6 A File Read Warning dialog for PVT Data

Figure : 3.2.1 - 7 A File Read Warning dialog for Valve Data

Figure : 3.2.1 - 8 A File Read Warning dialog for Flowing Correlation

Figure : 3.2.1 - 9 A File Read Warning dialog for Damping Parameters

Figure : 3.2.1 - 10 Data Discrepancy dialog

Figure : 3.2.1 - 11 Valve Data Warning dialog

Figure : 3.2.1 - 12 A Valve licence Warning

3. 2. 4. File Save As ...

Figure : 3.2.4 - 1 File Save As dialog

Figure : 3.2.5 - 1 Auto-Save Simulation Data dialog

Figure : 3.2.5 - 2 Help tip for Data Save Frequency

Data Save Options

Figure : 3.2.6 - 1 Auto Stop and Exit dialog

Figure : 3.2.6 - 2 Simulation Ready dialog

Figure : 3.2.6 - 3 Auto Exit Dynalift dialog

Figure : 3.2.6 - 4 Stop Simulation dialog

the following dialog box:

Figure : 3.2.6 - 5 Auto-Exit switched off

Figure : 3.2.7 - 1 Print sub-menu

Print Input Data

Figure : 3.2.7 - 2 Print Input Data dialog

Figure : 3.2.7 - 3 Print Simulation Data dialog