inDeX of eXaM skiLLs anD Tasks
Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking 2nd Edition is designed to provide practice for standardized exams,
such as IELTS and TOEFL. Many activities in this book practice or focus on key exam skills needed for test success. Here
is an index of activities in Level 3 that are similar to common questions types found in these tests.
Listening
Key
key exam skills ieLTs ToefL Page(s) / exercise(s)
CT Critical Thinking
Listening for a speaker’s purpose X X 127 D LS Listening Skill
Listening for content words X X 36 LS, 36 A NT Note-Taking Skill
Listening for inferences X X 107 LS, 107 E, 109 CT
Listening for key details X X 6 B, 17 C, 37 C, 57 C, 107 D, 126 C, 157 NT, 177 C, 197 D
Listening for main ideas X X 6 A, 16 B, 26 B, 37 B, 46 B, 66 B, 76 B, 106 C, 116 B, 126 B,
146 B, 156 B, 166 B, 176 B, 186 B, 196 C
Listening for questions and answers X X 166 NT, 166 B
Listening for similarities and contrasts X X 96 LS, 97 C
Listening for causes and effects X X 196 LS, 196 B, 196 C
Listening for steps in a process X X 117 NT, 117 C
Listening for the order of events X X 56 LS, 56 B
Making inferences or drawing conclusions X X 136 B, 177 CT, 177 D, 177 E
Predicting what speakers might say X X 56 A
Recognizing a speaker’s attitude X 7 LS, 7 E
Recognizing digressions X X 67 LS, 67 D, 67 E
Taking notes about different speakers’ opinions X X 27 NT, 27 C, 126 C
Taking notes about contrasting ideas X X 46 NT, 47 C
Taking notes effectively X X 136 NT, 136 C, 147 NT
Understanding referents X X 167 LS, 167 C
Common Question Types
for Listening ieLTs ToefL Page(s) / exercise(s)
Connecting content X 17 C, 56 B, 107 D, 146 B
Diagram completion X 66 C, 117 C
Matching X 166 B
Multiple choice X X 16 B, 37 B, 87 C, 116 B, 127 D, 176 B
Multiple response X 6 C, 6 D, 46 B, 106 C, 126 B, 146 B
Note completion X 47 C, 87 B, 96 B, 147 C
Sentence completion X 97 C, 187 D
Summary completion X 57 C, 66 B, 137 D
Short answer X 76 C, 156 B, 157 C, 196 C
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inDeX of eXaM skiLLs anD Tasks
speaking
Key
key exam skills ieLTs ToefL Page(s) / exercise(s) CT Critical Thinking
Answering questions effectively X 69 SS, 69 D EL Everyday Language
GFS Grammar for Speaking
Brainstorming ideas X X 19 A, 38 A, 39 A, 53 F, 58 B, 71 A, 93 F, 111 A, 120 A, 131 A, LS Listening Skill
139 A, 150 G, 159 A, 171 A NT Note-Taking Skill
Comparing and contrasting X X 108 GFS, 108 B PRON Pronunciation
PS Presentation Skill
Describing a process X X 120 C
SS Speaking Skill
Discussing pros and cons X X 10 CT, 10 EL, 10 E, 10 F, 91 A, 177 F
Expressing agreement or disagreement X X 25 E, 78 EL, 107 F
Expressing likelihood X X 59 D
Expressing opinions and/or reasons X X 5 D, 11 B, 37 D, 51 EL, 51 B, 57 D, 60 PS, 73 D, 75 C, 95 D,
113 E, 137 D, 150 SS, 150 F, 151 B, 199 SS, 199 G
Expressing preferences X X 27 D
Expressing probability and possibility X X 58 SS, 58 A
Linking X X 49 PRON, 50 D, 158 PRON, 158 A, 159 B
Making suggestions X X 38 A, 38 SS, 39 B
Organizing your ideas X X 140 B
Pausing effectively X X 118 PRON, 119 B
Pronouncing numbers correctly X X 90 PRON, 90 E
Speaking about abstract concepts X X 4 A, 7 G, 13 F, 29 D, 31 A, 59 E, 89 D, 97 D, 138 B, 178 D
Speaking about conditional situations X X 8 GFS, 8 A, 8 B, 45 D, 47 D, 53 E, 117 D, 173 E
Speaking about familiar, everyday topics X X 10 E, 15 B, 39 B, 48 A, 50 E, 50 F, 69 C, 105 B, 109 C, 148 B,
188 A
Speaking about historical events X X 169 D, 170 E
Speaking about likes and/or dislikes X X 55 F, 115 D
Speaking about personal experiences or X X 105 B, 107 F, 138 A, 149 E, 165 E, 175 E, 178 EL, 178 A, 185 E,
feelings 191 B, 193 E
Speaking about past actions or situations X X 138 A, 189 GFS, 189 D, 190 E, 190 F, 190 G, 190 H
Speaking about the views of others X X 17 E, 33 E, 129 CT, 129 C, 193 E
Speaking about your life or your job X X 99 D, 99 E
Summarizing what you have heard X 13 E, 133 G
Using correct stress and emphasis X X 28 PRON, 28 A, 28 B, 78 PRON, 78 A, 79 B
Using descriptive language X X 109 SS, 109 C
Using statistics to support your views X X 18 SS, 18 A, 18 D, 88 SS, 88 A, 88 B
Pathways CefR ieLTs Band ToefL score
Level 4 C1 6.5–7.0 81–100
Level 3 B2 5.5–6.0 51–80
Level 2 B1–B2 4.5–5.0 31–50
Level 1 A2–B1
0–4.0 0–30
Foundations A1–A2
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