INDEX OF EXAM SKILLS AND TASKS

Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking 2nd Edition is designed to provide practice for standardized exams,
such as IELTS and TOEFL. Many activities in this book practice or focus on key exam skills needed for test success. Here
is an index of activities in Level 2 that are similar to common questions types found in these tests.

Listening
Key
Key Exam Skills IELTS TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s)
CT Critical Thinking
Activating prior knowledge X X 26 A, 46 CTB, 46 A, 96 A, 106 A, 112 A, 146 A, 166 A, 176 EL Everyday Language
A, 186 A GFS Grammar for Speaking
LS Listening Skill
Distinguishing facts and opinions X X 186 LSB, 187 D
NT Note-Taking Skill
Identifying main ideas X X 6 LSB, 7 D, 16 B, 26 B, 46 B, 66 B, 76 B, 86 B, 106 B, 126 B, PRON Pronunciation
136 B, 146 B, 166 B, 176 B PS Presentation Skill
Listening actively (by predicting) X X 6 B, 57 LSB, 57 C, 72 B, 86 A, 112 B, 136 A SS Speaking Skill

Listening for causes and effects X X 169 E

Listening for key details X X 6 A, 7 E, 27 LSB, 37 D, 87 C, 96 C, 136 C, 147 C, 177 C,
187 C
Listening for numbers and statistics X X 107 LSB, 107 D
Listening for problems and solutions X X 77 LSB, 77 C
Listening for repeated information X X 166 LSB, 166 B
Listening for supporting examples X X 157 LSB, 157 NTB, 157 C
Listening for reasons and explanations X X 86 LSB, 87 C
Making inferences X X 47 D, 133 D, 152 C
Organizing the notes you take X X 56 NTB, 66 NTB, 116 NTB, 117 B, 127 NTB, 127 C
Recognizing steps in a process X X 96 NTB, 97 D
Recognizing transitions X X 137 LSB, 137 D
Taking notes on key words and phrases X X 16 NTB
Using abbreviations when taking notes X X 27 NTB, 27 C

Common Question Types

for Listening IELTS TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s)
Connecting content X 177 C, 186 B
Multiple response X 16 B, 136 B
Matching X 87 C
Multiple choice X X 76 B, 146 B, 156 B
Multiple response X 16 B, 136 B
Note completion X 47 C, 57 B, 67 C, 117 B, 127 C, 167 C, 197 B
Sentence completion X 96 B, 136 C, 187 C
Short answer X 31 C, 126 B, 147 C, 158 A
Table completion X 107 D

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 INDEX OF EXAM SKILLS AND TASKS
Speaking
Key
Key Exam Skills IELTS TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s) CT Critical Thinking
Brainstorming ideas X X 39 A, 60 A, 98 C, 111 A, 119 A, 159 A, 180 A, 199 A EL Everyday Language
GFS Grammar for Speaking
Chunking and thought groups X X 189 PRON, 189 D LS Listening Skill
Comparing and contrasting X X 60 C NT Note-Taking Skill
PRON Pronunciation
Discussing causes and effects X X 169 SSB, 169 F, 171 I
PS Presentation Skill
Discussing problems and solutions X X 77 D, 90 G, 91 C, 98 CTB, 99 D SS Speaking Skill
Discussing pros and cons X X 30 B, 118 A
Expressing agreement or disagreement X X 39 C, 75 D, 97 F, 111 C, 191 A
Expressing frequency X X 8 GFS, 9 C, 10 E, 10 F
Expressing opinions X X 17 E, 78 SSB, 78 A, 78 B, 98 A, 111 C, 111 D, 119 C, 191 A
Expressing purpose X X 198 GFS, 198 A, 198 B
Giving advice X 38 ELB
Giving reasons for an opinion X X 29 SSB, 29 C, 39 C, 75 D
Interpreting visuals X 17 CTB, 17 D, 31 C
Linking X X 89 PRON
Making predictions X X 86 A
Making suggestions X 89 SSB, 90 G
Pronouncing the ends of words clearly X X 8 PRON, 8 A
Speaking about familiar, everyday topics X X 18 B, 30 A
Speaking about habits X X 11 D, 26 A
Speaking at an appropriate volume X X 71 PSB
Speaking at the right speed X X 140 PSB
Summarizing what you have heard X 158 SSB, 158 C, 159 D
Talking about abstract concepts X 5 E, 27 E, 29 B, 33 F, 35 D, 57 E, 60 C, 65 F, 105 D, 117 F, 131 B,
150 E, 177 D, 187 E
Talking about conditional situations X X 108 GFS, 108 B, 109 C
Talking about likes and dislikes X X 130 D, 130 E
Talking about personal experiences X X 131 C, 167 F, 185 C
Talking about yourself, your life, or your job X 88 C, 97 E
Using correct stress X X 39 PRON, 39 E, 59 PRON, 59 E, 69 PRON, 69 E, 69 F, 138 PRON,
138 A, 138 B, 168 PRON, 168 B, 168 C
Using natural intonation X X 110 PRON, 110 F, 148 PRON, 148 B, 148 C
Using transitions X X 128 SSB

Common Question Types

for Speaking IELTS TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s)
Part 2: Individual long turn X 171 B, 171 C

Pathways CEFR IELTS Band TOEFL Score

Level 4 C1 6.5–7.0 81–100
Level 3 B2 5.5–6.0 51–80
Level 2 B1–B2 4.5–5.0 31–50
Level 1 A2–B1
0–4.0 0–30
Foundations A1–A2

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