INDEX OF EXAM SKILLS AND TASKS

Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking 2nd Edition, is designed to provide practice for standardized exams,
such as IELTS and TOEFL. Many activities in this book practice or focus on key exam skills needed for test success. Here
is an index of activities in Level 1 that are similar to common questions types found in these tests.

Listening
Key Exam Skills  IELTS   TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s) Key
CT Critical Thinking
Listening for main ideas X X 6 LS, 6 B, 17 E, 27 D, 56 C, 66 C, 87 C, 106 B, 176 B, 187 D EL Everyday Language
Listening for causes and effects X X 146 LS GFS Grammar for Speaking
LS Listening Skill
Listening for key details X X 27 E, 37 C, 47 D, 87 C, 107 C, 176 C, 186 LS, 187 D, 187 E
NT Note-Taking Skill
Listening for people’s opinions X X 167 LS, 167 D PRON Pronunciation
Listening for supporting examples X X 47 LS, 47 C, 197 C PS Presentation Skill
SS Speaking Skill
Listening for supporting reasons X X 87 LS
Making inferences X X 7 D, 127 LS, 127 D, 197 CT
Organizing the notes you take X X 36 NT, 76 NT, 77 D, 197 NT, 197 C
Taking notes X X 79 A
Taking notes on key words and phrases X X 7 NT, 7 C
Understanding vocabulary from context X X 14 A, 66 LS, 106 LS, 106 A, 107 D, 134 A
Using abbreviations when taking notes X X 46 NT, 47 B
Using symbols in your notes X X 146 NT

Common Question Types  IELTS   TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s)

Gist-content X 6B
Gist-purpose X 26 B, 156 B
Making inferences X 7 D, 127 D
Matching X 67 D
Multiple choice X X 37 C, 56 C, 106 B, 116 B, 137 D
Multiple response X X 126 B
Note completion X 107 C, 146 B, 156 C
Sentence completion X 27 E, 36 B, 137 E
Short answer X 76 C

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 INDEX OF EXAM SKILLS AND TASKS
Speaking
Key Exam Skills  IELTS   TOEFL Page(s) / Exercise(s) Key
CT Critical Thinking
Activating prior knowledge X X 66 CT EL Everyday Language
Asking for repetition X 29 EL GFS Grammar for Speaking
LS Listening Skill
Chunking X X 186 PRON, 186 B
NT Note-Taking Skill
Comparing and contrasting X X 168 GFS, 171 C, 178 A, 179 E PRON Pronunciation
Expressing agreement or disagreement X 17 H PS Presentation Skill
SS Speaking Skill
Expressing opinions X X 7 E, 35 D, 59 D, 73 D, 97 D, 113 F, 129 C, 160 E, 167 F, 185 E
Expressing possibility or probability X X 148 GFS, 150 D
Expressing reasons for an opinion X X 32 A
Having a strong conclusion X X 60 PS
Hedging X X 149 SS, 150 E
Linking X X 157 PRON, 157 F, 157 H
Making predictions X 26 CT, 26 A
Pronouncing the ends of words clearly X X 56 PRON, 56 A
Reduced forms X X 67 PRON, 67 F
Speaking about abstract concepts 27 F, 77 F, 87 D, 100 D, 133 E, 146 A, 153 G, 165 C, 172 A, 180 E, 190 F,
X X
197 D, 200 C
Speaking about a familiar topic X X 40 C
Speaking about habits X X 8 GFS, 8 A
Speaking about likes and dislikes X X 30 I, 65 D, 78 SS, 78 C, 79 D, 84 C, 171 A
Speaking about pros and cons X X 13 E, 132 A, 139 CT, 139 D
Speaking about the future X 128 PRON, 128 GFS, 129 C, 130 G, 131 D
Speaking about the past X X 50 GFS
Speaking about the weather X X 73 C
Speaking about where you live X 111 C, 119 G
Speaking about your life or job X 20 C, 31 B
Understanding a speaker’s purpose X X 26 LS
Using correct stress X X 16 PRON, 16 A, 16 C, 90 PRON, 90 F, 90 G, 117 PRON, 177 PRON, 177 F
Using descriptive language X X 89 GFS
Using time markers X X 88 SS, 98 A, 131 D, 131 PS

Pathways CEFR IELTS Band TOEFL Score

Level 4 C1 6.5–7.0 81–100
Level 3 B2 5.5–6.0 51–80
Level 2 B1–B2 4.5–5.0 31–50
Level 1 A2–B1
  0–4.0   0–30
Foundations A1–A2

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