CHAPTER 1

READING 1 (page 8)

KEY VOCABULARY (page 8 & 9)

1. Notorious
2. Spectator
3. Allegedly
4. Skeptics
5. Rivalry
6. Speculate
7. Controversial
8. Canine
9. Aboriginal
10. Settle

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (part B, page 12)

1. Igopogo is one of the most unusual lake beasts which has long-necked, dorsal-
finned, canine-featured critter.
2. It is said to live in North America. This place located in Southern Ontario—just 40
miles north of Toronto—Lake Simcoe is the fourth-largest lake in the province and a
remnant of the colossal, prehistoric freshwater 5 sea known as Lake Algonquin.
Algonquin’s basin also included Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake
Nipigon and Lake Nipissing.
3. False. Because it was just the first report in 1963, and the article does not provide
proof that it was the first Igopogo appearance.
4. False. Because all eyewitness accounts, the description of Igopogo are different
because there are many different eyewitnesses and they describe it in a different
way.
5. A. July 22, 1963: The tales of this cryptid go as far back as aboriginal legends and
accounts from the earliest Europeans to settle the area, the first modern report
hails.
B. June 13, 1983: William Skrypetz revealed a creature with a huge body and long
tapering neck that resembled the iconic lake monsters like Champ or the Loch Ness
monster.
6. Initially, John Kirk III came to the conclusion that anything that could live in the lake
had either migrated or died except Skrypetz's sonar hit and has dwindled to virtually
nothing. After that, he changes his thinking when he was given a copy of a videotape
that shows a terrifying lake demon rearing its head during a hydroplane race. Finally,
Kirk upon repeated viewing of the controversial footage, confirmed that this
creature was between nine and twelve feet long and had what he believed to be
pinniped seal- or sea lion–like.
7. Skeptics think that what people are seeing are simply regular seals that have slipped
into the lake through the rivers that connect it to Lake Huron.
 READING 2 (page 13)
KEY VOCABULARY (page 14)
1. C
2. F
3. A
4. G
5. J
6. H
7. I
8. E
9. B
10. D

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (page 16-17)

PART A
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. T

PART B

1. Because a fecal sample McAllister collected was analyzed for its DNA and it was a red
fox.
2. Because Bickford has discovered a number of previously unknown species, including a
strange lungless frog that lives only under Borneo's waterfalls.
3. Because their work outside the realm of traditional science and they usually have no
choice.
4. He lost his job because his cryptid-seeking.
5. Because they want to believe that there is more out there than what we already know
about.
6. Because they chase strange creatures and flit around the fringes of conventional
science, but rather than mocking them, we should admire their adventurous spirit.
 CHAPTER 2
READING 1 (page 26)
KEY VOCABULARY (page 26-27):
1. Abundant
2. Calorie
3. Ancestor
4. Optimal
5. Digestion
6. Proponent
7. Transition
8. Addiction
9. Deficiency
10. Lethargic

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (page 31-32):

PART B
1. D
2. C (lines 15-16)
3. B (lines 17-18)
4. A

PART C

1. grass-fed meats, fruits, cooked and raw vegetables, wild 10 fish and unprocessed oils
such as olive or avocado. Wheat, dairy and legumes like beans and peanuts are what
they avoid.
2. Reason for trying this diet:
- Rahim Khan: to lose his weight. (lines 23-24)
- Lori Wedel: to address her and her daughter’s gluten sensitivity. (lines 48-49)
Typical daily diet:
- Rahim Khan: he eats grass-fed beef, pork and chicken, fruits and vegetables. When
he's busy, he'll add a sweet potato with butter for extra energy. Wheat, soy, corn,
and calcium-rich foods are off limits. (lines 31-36) (lines 43)
- Lori Wedel: Rather than keeping abundant carbohydrates in their diet with gluten-
free breads and pasta, the Wedels just eliminated bread and grain-based foods like
pasta. And they don’t follow the strict paleodiet. (lines 66-74)
Health benefits:
- Rahim Khan: he hit his optimal weight of 173 pounds less than a year later, and he
cut his practicing time down. (lines 23-24)
- Lori Wedel: Within a week they noticed big changes, some of which they were not
expecting. A terror with concentration problems and aggression completely changed
when they started eliminating gluten (lines 56-60)
3. True. (line 19)
 4. Proponents of the caveman diet point out that so-called “diseases of civilization”—
heart disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes. (lines 90-91)
5. (lines 98-101)
6. The modern menu includes grass-fed meats, fruits, cooked and raw vegetables, wild fish
and unprocessed oils such as olive or avocado. (lines 9-10 and 105)
7. Throw away your car keys and walk everywhere. (lines 131-132)

READING 2 (page 33)

KEY VOCABULARY (page 33):
1. C
2. G
3. F
4. H
5. J
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. E
10. I

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (page 36):

PART B
1. T (lines 4-5)
2. T (lines 23-34)
3. T (lines 37-39)
4. F (lines 35-37)
5. F (lines 64-65)

READING 3 (page 37)

CHECK YOUR UNDESTANDING (page 43)
PART A: a) Many people who want to lose weight try to limit the amount of fat they
consume. However, a more effective way to maintain a healthy weight would be to limit the
number of carbohydrates in your diet, especially carbohydrates in the form of sugar

PART B:
1. B (line 85)
2. A (lines 37-40)
3. B (lines 75-79)
4. A (lines 117-119)
5. A (lines 129-131)
6. B (lines 165-174)
7. B (lines 176-181)
8. B (lines 256-264)
KEY VOCABULARY (page 44)
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. B

CHAPTER 3
READING 1 page 53
KEY VOCABULARY
1. Perseverance
2. Self-esteem
3. Incapacitated
4. Precedent
5. Embrace
6. Vulnerable
7. Evolution
8. Maturation
9. Mainstream
10. Validation

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

PART A:
1. This is the mixed martial-arts and it has become so trendy that several parents push
their children to participate in.
2. It is beneficial to children's fitness, confidence, and self-development.
3. This is an extremely violent martial art in which practitioners may inflict serious injury
on themselves or their opponents by hitting them with deadly blows like use chokeholds
or knees to the face etc.

PART B:
1. T (lines 20-21)
2. F (lines 33-35)
3. T (lines 48-50)
4. T (lines 70-73)
5. F (lines 82-83)
6. T (lines 93-94)
 7. F (lines 95-99)
8. T (lines 115-125)

READING 3: page 65
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTAND:
1. She experienced that the Olympic Games have much more in common with The Hunger
Games than anyone would want to acknowledge. (lines 1-2)
2. Because The Hunger Games is designed to mask the competition's cruelty. The opening
ceremonies of the Olympic Games fulfill a similar purpose. (lines 9-11)
3. Empty and confused. Because she knows the real function of the Olympic athlete in the
corporate world of sports. (lines 41-45)
4. The physical and emotional pain, the emotional pain and fear, the gendered pain. (lines
26-40)
5. For the athletes, the consequences of this addiction can be disastrous. (lines 46-55)
6. Today’s luge athletes have had to look elsewhere for support, with many having little
choice but to join the US Army World Class Athlete Program. (lines 72-78)
7. When competition, individualism, domination are combined with the athletes’ tenuous
economic identity as an exploited labor pool, the competition for resources cements a
divide-and-conquer relationship that undermines their ability to think and act in terms
of solidarity with their fellow athlete-workers (lines 108-113)
8. That’s up to the athletes—and those in solidarity with them. (the last line)

KEY VOCABULARY:
1. The global elite
2. Epitomizes
3. Fabrication
4. Mandatory
5. Allegiance
6. Commodities
7. Hierarchy
8. Exploitation
9. Ideology
10. Austerity

CHAPTER 4
READING 1: page 75
KEY VOCABULARY
1. Shortage
2. Endangered
3. Conservation
4. Microbe
5. Enzyme
6. Sustainable
7. Widespread
 8. Ferment
9. Bacteria
10. Boon

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A: a) because pandas’ digestive tracts contain a microbe that breaks down plant…

Part B:

1. Because they use perfectly good food, namely corn and soybeans to make fuel. (lines 4-
6)

2. They have discovered microbes in panda feces. (lines 11-12)

3. It means that they have an endangered species and they have to protect them from
extinction and threat.

4. Ethanol made from corn. And increased food prices or lead to shortages of food is the
problem. (lines 20-27)

5. Pandas’ digestive tracts are short, and their diet of bamboo requires their bodies to
break down significant amounts of lignocellulose. (lines 39-40)

6. The bacteria that break down the lignocellulose into simple sugars, which can be
fermented into bioethanol. Moreover, they found that they can transform those sugars
into oils and fats for biodiesel production. (lines 45-49)

7. Because the panda is a crucial animal in this research, yet it is also an endangered
species, they must protect the panda from extinction if they want to further this research.
(lines 52-55)

READING 2:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. J
2. B
3. C
4. H
5. I
6. E
7. F
8. A
 9. G
10. D

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

1. The Cameron’s owned a beautiful log home they had designed and built themselves.
They also had an off-grid, 600-square-foot beachfront cottage on family land. (lines 7-9)
2. She experienced an epiphany. In hindsight, an epiphany—at the time, it was a good old-
fashioned meltdown. (lines 2-3)
3. Some have a thing for being off-grid.
They don’t like the utilities and want to live differently. (lines 23-25)
4. Gas, Propane, Solar power, Wind power. (lines 23-33)
5. It is cheaper per unit of energy and there is no maintenance required with solar. (lines
34-39)
6. The Cameron’s put their cherished home for sale, but Rob Elisa’s does not. For Rob Elias,
the choice wasn’t a moral issue, it was necessity. (lines 48-58)
7. Debbie Cameron remains grateful for the epiphany that led her to a better way of living.
(lines 74-75)

READING 3:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. D

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part B:
1. Both physiological and psychological. (lines 4-11)
2. The Green Energy Act was designed to remove barriers to the installation of IWTs. (lines
28-29)
3. Decreased quality of life, annoyance, stress, (line 7)
4. Felt anger, grief or a sense of injustice. (lines 10-11)
5. False. (lines 38-41)
6. A. (lines 117-121)
7. A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity. (lines 135-137)
 8. Family physicians should be aware that patients reporting adverse effects from IWTs
might experience symptoms that are intense and pervasive and that they might feel
further victimized by a lack of caregiver understanding. (lines 250-255)

CHAPTER 5
READING 1:
KEY VOCABULARY:
PART A:
1. Startup
2. Setback
3. Forecast
4. Entrepreneur
5. Morale
6. Delegate
7. Intuition
8. Crowdfunding
9. Brand
10. Hone

PART B:
1. D
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. F
6. G
7. H
8. C

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

1. In the author’s opinion, finding a new and unique idea is rare enough, the ability to
successfully execute this idea is what separates the dreamers from the entrepreneurs.
(lines 2-4)
2. Honest: b (lines 13-15)
3. Ability to delegate: a (lines 28-29)
4. Communication: a (lines 43-45)
5. Sense of humor: b (lines 55-58)
6. Confidence: a (line 71 -75)
7. Commitment: b (line 80-83)
8. Positive attitude: a (line 89-91)
 9. Creativity: b (line 97 - 100)
10. Intuition: b (line 111-114)
11. Ability to inspire: a (line 117 - 122)

READING 2:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. G
2. H
3. A
4. I
5. F
6. B
7. J
8. C
9. E
10. D

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

1. An extrovert (line 35-38)
An extrovert (line 17-29)
2. Introvert (line 27-30)
Extrovert (line 30-32)
3. According to the research, whereas just 50% of the general population is extroverted,
96% of managers are. (line 35-36)
4. Number 1: Think first and talk later
Number 2: Focus on depth
Number 3: Keep calm
Number 4: Prefer writing before talking
Number 5: Be alone to regain their energy and clarity
5. Introverts are responsible for some of humanity’s greatest achievements. And these
introverts did what they did not in spite of their achievements—but because of them
(line 57-60)
6. The workplace is populated by an increasing number of intelligent knowledge workers,
frequently in self-managing teams, and workers do not consider themselves as passive
employees waiting for orders, nor do they want to be controlled by an egocentric
extroverted leader. (line 67-69)

READING 3:
KEY VOCABULARY:
 1. Off the hook
2. Complex
3. Assumption
4. Adjustment
5. Molulate
6. Negotiate
7. Mentors
8. Counterparts
9. Unique
10. Instincts

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A:
1. True (line 2-4)
2. True (line 5-6)
Part B:
1. Sheryl Sandberg (line 12-16)
2. Anne-Marie Slaughter (line 18-21)
3. Randy White (line 47-50)
4. Lynda McDermott (line 84-86)
5. Rick Gilkey (line 92-93)
6. Mary Slaughter (line 108-109)
Part C:
1. There is a tournament model of leadership at the top of fast-moving organization. To
play, you must be world-class and expecting an organization to accept anything less is
naïve.
2. Having it all, whatever it means to each woman will be different. Know who you are and
what you require. Only then will you be able to make informed decisions.

CHAPTER 6
READING 1:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Improvise
2. Retro
3. Eschew
4. Relic
5. Second-guess
6. Kinship
7. Ignorant
8. Compelling
9. Embellish
10. Relavance

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

 1. His colleagues use technology to teach, but he prefers a retro approach. (line 5-8)
2. She shows them various kinds of images to come alive. Sometimes she also shows the
text under discussion to keep students focused. (line 12-16)
3. History of political.
They practise close reading for part of each lecture and devote the rest to questions and
discussion. (lines 25-31)
4. Charts and graphs. (line 43)
5. Dv
6. Student will have to pay close attention to speech and to arguments conveyed by
speech. (line 58-59)

READING 2:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Carry out
2. Tool or gadget
3. Popularity
4. Average
5. Able to moved
6. Realted to ethnic background
7. Need
8. Studies of people in the world
9. Comment on
10. With full agreement

CHECK YOURUNDERSTANDING:
Part A: choose a
Part B:
1. T (line 5-6)
2. T (line 7-9)
3. F (line 15-16)
4. T (line 18-19)
5. T (line 21-22)
6. F (line 24-25)
7. F (line 29-33)
8. T (line 34-35)
9. T (line 46-49)
10. T (line 51-53)
Part C: a, c, d

READING 3:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Express
2. Undertake
3. Gauge
4. Collected
5. Consisted of
6. Calculate with
7. Indicated that
8. Expressed about
9. Revealed that
10. Generalized

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A:
1. The use of social networking services such as Facebook will lead the younger
generation of learners to more readily embrace e-learning in formal education (line
1-5).
2. Find out what they thought about the incorporation of Facebook in their coursework
(line 48-50)
3. At Dolux Eylul University in Turkey (line 29)
4. Use to ask friends about course assignments, sent messages, instantly write to
friends with the chat tool (line 76-81)
5. Thirty-two student (line 47)
6. Using questionaire, face-to-face interviews (line 51-52)
Part B:
1. Most (line 66)
2. Just over one third (line 68)
3. A considerable (line 83)
4. Many (line 105)
5. All (line 134)
6. The majority (line 143)
7. Half (line 149)
8. Over half (line 167-168)

CHAPTER 7
READING 1
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. In’spiring
2. Assess
3. Grasp
4. Bottom line
5. Paranoid
6. ‘Contemplate
7. Re’putedly
8. Premise pré mịs
9. Au’spiciuos
10. Dynamics
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Wind and water (line 11)
2. That people are affected by their environment (line 7-8)
3. It will block the free flow of energy that is essential to powers of concentration and
creativity (line 23-28)
4. D
5. Because they will not have sufficient control over the operation and will not be treated
with deference (line 94-95)
6. Sit in the chair facing the door because it makes they have more powerful presence and
highly sensitive to the dynamics of the meeting (line 98-99)
7. The moving stairs appear to have been placed at random. But, in fact, they are situated
in order to disperse chi and wealth evenly throughout the structure… (line 108-113)
8. Donald Trump (line 118)

READING 2:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. J
2. F
3. H
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. E
9. G
10. I

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

1. Because it makes him feel more alert, energetic and creative (line 2-4)
2. The study revealing the dangers of time spent stationary. It increased risk of
diabetes, hypertension and obesity. (line 7-10)
3. The faster he ran, the more satisfied he was. but it can make him more distracted. then
he slows down again, but it's too slow for him to give up. he eventually settled into his
ideal range, and he found that desk walking could keep me sane and alert (line 13-24)
4. Walking on the desk treadmill is boring that he wants to go out for a run (line 24-25)
5. He looks forward to starting to work in the morning because it's the moment when he
starts moving physically (line 29-30)
6. Because the treadmill desk robs office workers of a legitimate reason to leave their
workstations once in a while (line 60-62)

READING 3:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Stimulating
2. Expenditure
 3. Incentive
4. Attitude
5. Asset
6. Audible
7. Ambient
8. Acoutic
9. Confidentiality
10. Disruptive/Distraction
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
1. The first is that most office workers spend 90 percent of their time at work. Employee
productivity is greatly influenced by their organization's choices. In addition, a well-
designed company and its advantages also influence whether employees choose to stay
or move to another company.
2. Noise is the main concern of workers in open-plan offices, and 54% of employees are
bothered by it (line 36-42)
3. a) According to the organization's cost chart, staff costs account for the highest
proportion, at 82%. This is most likely due to the fact that employees are a major and
key department in determining the organization's growth. Other sectors, such as IT and
technology (10%), maintenance and operations (3%), and building and furnishings (5%),
have a negligible cost ratio.
b) The figure shows the relationship between the various elements that contribute to
the organization's success. Overall environmental satisfaction is influenced by
lighting, ventilation, privacy, and acoustics satisfaction, thereby creating job
satisfaction, which leads to customer satisfaction and increased organization's
productivity and turnover.
c) This figure shows the percentage of occupants often bothered. It is easy to see that
phone ringing accounts for the largest percentage with 30%, or slightly lower is face-
to-face talking (25%) and phone conversations (24%). There are also many other
noises such as ventilation system, typing, background noise, and so on.
d) This figure shows after testing editing, math, and both. The SII of 0.0 to 1.5 indicates
that the office occupants are not or only slightly distracted, whereas a higher SII
indicates that the office occupants are more distracted

CHAPTER 8
READING 1:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Paradox
2. Intuitive
3. Hn
4. Seminal
5. Correlate
6. Welfare state
7. Contencious
8. Redistribute
 9. Rebuke
10. Subjective
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
1. A whole field of economics (line 1-3)
2. The rucial dêtrminant to happiness is not our absolute income perse, but our income
relative to others around us (line 18-20)
3. a) True (line 46-51)
b) False (line 52-54)
c) False (line 59-68)
4. a) Contrary to áterlin’s original findings, happiness in the US risen with per capita GDP.
Increasing national income IGDP per capital does go with increasing national happiness (line
116-127)
b) No evidence of s satiation point beyond which wealthier countries have no further increases
in subjective well-being (line 173-175)
- Easterlin finds that individuals with higher incomes being happier than those with lower
incomes, but Easterlin finds also that richer countries do not appear to be happier than poor
countries. (line 46-48, 53-54)
5.
6. a) Economic freedom may also have a direct and positive efect on happiness. Economic
freedom was four times more important than GDP per capita in directly determining happiness
(line 204-213)

READING 2:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. b

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A
1. GDP per capita
2. Healthy life expectancy
3. Lack of corruption in leadership
4. A sense of social support
5. Freedom
6. A culture of generosity
Part B:
 1. T (line 20-21)
2. T (line 24-25)
3. F (line 34-35)
4. T (line 44-47)
5. T (line 50-55)
6. F (line 59-61)
7. F (line 66-67)
8. F (line 81-84)
9. T (line 88-89)
10. T (line 101-103)

READING 3:

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A:
1. False (line 9-10)
2. True (line 31-31)
3. False (line 38-41)
4. True (line 25-26)
5. False (line 56-59)
Part B:
1. GNP focuses on economics, on the total value of all the products of a country. GNH
focuses not only on material indicators but also on the health, education, and
contentment of its people (line 10-13)
2. GNH is measured not simply by its material indicators but by the health, education, and
contentedness of its people (line 11-13)
3. Jigme Singye Wangchuck (line 46-47)
4. Equitable social development, cultural preservation, conservation of the environment,
and promotion of good governance (line 54-55)
5. The authorities in Bhutan have received widespread attention for their idea. Delegates
and envoys regularly make their way to the to see whether the philosophy of GNH can
be borrowed or adapted, and no more so than since the 2007 economic crash (line 94-
97)

KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Pervasiveness
2. Apparent
3. The dilution
4. Urbanization
5. Non-aligned nation
6. Grass grows
7. Delegates and envoys
8. Catastrophic
9. Earnest
 10. Contentment

CHAPTER 9
READING 1:
KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Homogenous
2. Dysfunctional
3. Fragmented
4. Secular
5. Reciprocal
6. Dispersed
7. Cohesion
8. Nebulous
9. Decay
10. Integrated
 
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Part A:Dunbar number is that our neocortex size is about 150 based on a simple relationship
between a primate' typical social group size and the size of its neocortex (line 14-17)

Part B:
1. Urban/ cohesive (line 7/ 103)
2. Small-scale societies/ less-developed societies/ 150/ business (line …/ …/ …/ 51)
3. Social networks (line 109)
4. Being close/ feeling close (line 74-77) 
5. Overlap / fragmented (line 89 / 88)
6. Less-developed societies/ meaningful (line / 114)
7. Religion/ mobility (line145 / 154)

READING 3:
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
1. a zero tolerance for delays, multitask at every opportunity and also needs to be part of a
social community throughout the day (line 16-20)
2. a) The use of group work is increased to deliver learning objectives (line 23-27)
b) The lack of ecological social interaction (line 45-50)

3. No answer
4. a) 290 (line 61)
b) 57 countries (line 57-60)
c) How student interacted with socaial networking media (line 61-63)
d) All of student indicating that they used Facebook every day, swamping MySpace and
Twitter. More than 90% own laptops so they can easily access the internet, nearly 60%
use their phones to access the internet, and 84% of them contact with colleagues and
friends electronically throughout the day (line 63-78)
 5. They have readily adopted the technologies on hand and use social networking via the
Internet or mobile telephony to remain in constant touch with each other (
6. They apply the technologies at hand and use social networks via the Internet or mobile
phones to stay in touch. And these ‘Generation Y’ individuals grow into the managers
and chief executive officers of tomorrow, they will be uniquely placed to take on the
challenges of virtual teams (line 112-121)
7. It not onlyserve a vital role in complementing the needs of the new generation of digital
natives but alsomaintain our evolutionary imperative to socialize and share knowledge
(line 139-142)

KEY VOCABULARY:
1. Popular
2. Thrive
3. Fimilar with
4. Assist
5. Variety
6. Originates in
7. Defect
8. Diffusion
9. Pragmatic
10. Unique/ unusual/ distintive