I. State TRUE or FALSE to the following statements.

1. Biology is the study of living things.

2. Living things include plants and animals.

3. Organisms include both plants and animals.

4. All living things exist on the land.

5. Biology is the study of all organisms.

6. Biology deals with the study of some plants and animals.

7. Biology deals with all about plants and animals, excluding man.

8. Biology is very functional and important science dealing with all organisms.

9. Animals and plants breeders have modified organisms to yield greater amount of

food.

10. Biologist must understand the nature of useful organisms to develop effective

control methods.

11. Botany is the study of animals and zoology is the study of plants.

12. Morphology is the study of form and structure of organisms.

13. Anatomy is study of gross external structure.

14. Histology is study of microscopic structure of cells.

15. Cytology is the study of tissue.

16. Physiology is the study of life process of organisms.

17. The study of development of organisms is termed as embryology.

18. Study on classification of organisms is termed as taxonomy.

19. Ecology is the study of the relationships of original to their environments.

20. Study of varieties among living organisms is termed as virology.

21. Evolution is the study of origin and variation.

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22. Genetics is the study of variation and heredity.

23. The study of microscopic structure of tissue is microbiology.

24. Mycology is the study of form and structure of organisms.

25. Protistology is the study of protists.

26. Study of algae is mycology.

27. Virology is the study of virus and bacteria.

28. Bacteriology is the study of disease.

29. Molecular botany is the study of molecules in organisms.

30. Study of utilization of living organisms in industrial processes is biotechnology.

31. Study of information technology to interpret molecular biology data is molecular

biology.

31. Metabolism is the main characteristics of living things.

32. Adaptability is the main characteristics of non-living things.

34. All living things are made up of the living substance called cytoplasm.

35. The cells contain DNA molecules that carry biotechnological information.

36. Cells of plants and animals are organized into tissue.

37. Organs are in turn organized into tissues and systems.

38. The two aspects of catabolism are anabolism and metabolism.

39. Metabolism is some of the various processes that give the organism life.

40. The important metabolic processes are nutrition, respiration and excretion.

41. The food material is made into a part of the organism in the process of

anabolism.

42. Waste products are formed during the process of catabolism.

43. Respiration is one of the important metabolic processes.

44. 44. Anabolism is the broken down process.

45. Organisms increase in size, weight and development during growth.

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46. All living things show some kinds of movement.

47. Movement is more obvious in animals.

48. Animals have organs of movement or locomotion.

49. Movement in plants mainly takes place outside the cells.

50. Living things are sensitive to any change in the environment.

51. Living things do not respond to stimuli.

52. 52. Production is the reproduction of a new generation of offspring.

53. The two types of reproduction are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

54. In sexual reproduction, the new individual may be produced by a part of the

parent.

55. There is only one parent organism needed for sexual reproduction.

56. In sexual reproduction, two parent cells are fuse to form a single new organism.

57. Living things adjust and adapt themselves to change in their environment.

58. Adaptability decreases the chances of survival of organism.

59. Migration of certain birds occurs in a change of seasons or a shortage of food.

60. A plant may grow very straight and upright to stand below plants around it.

60. The science of classification of organisms to taxonomy.

61. The word “biodiversity” is a short form of “bioinformatics” diversity.

62. Scientists are aware just how many different types of organisms exist in nature.

63. Taxonomy can be used to examine the ecological history of organisms.

64. Biological classification schemes are the invention of biologists.

65. Similar families are grouped together into genera.

66. Linnaeus studied and gave scientific names to thousands of animals and plants.

67. Linnaeus introduced the Binomial system of Nomenclature in 1735.

68. The scientific name, the first name is the genus and seconds the species.

3
II. Choose the correct answer for the following statements.

1. The study of living thigs is termed as (A. botany B. zoology C. science D.

biology).

2. Biology is very (A. additional B. functional C. fundamental D. powerful)

and important science dealing with all about organisms.

3. Biologists must understand the nature of (A. useful B. harmful

C. suitable D. some) organisms to develop effective control methods.

4. (A. Biology B. Botany C. Cytology D. Zoology) is the study of plants. 5.

Anatomy is the study of gross (A. external B. cellular C. microscopic

D. internal) structures.

6. The study of microscopic structure of tissue is (A. anatomy B. morphology

C. histology D. microbiology).

7. Embryology is the study of early (A. structure B. development C.

differentiation D. variation) of organisms.

8. The study of (A. classification B. differentiation C. structure D. development)

of organisms is termed as taxonomy.

9. (A. Palaeontology B. Physiology C. Ecology D. Evolution) is the

study of living processes or functions of the various parts of organisms.

10. Fossils are remains of organisms that lived millions of year ago now (A.

presented B. preserved C. prevented D. protected) in rocks.

11. Genetics is the study of heredity and (A. relations B. different C. variation

D. classification).

12. The study of microscopic organisms is (A. histology B. microbiology

C. mycology D. molecular biology).

13. Mycology is the study of (A. algae B. protists C. virus D. fungi).

4
14. Phycology is the study of (A. protists B. bacteria C. virus D. algae).

15. The study of virus is (A. mycology B. bacteriology C. virology D.

bioinformation).

16. The molecules in organism are dealing with (A. mycology B. biotechnology C.

microbiology D. molecular biology).

17. Utilization of living organisms in industrial processes is dealing with (A.

bioinformatics B. biotechnology C. bacteriology D. biodiversity).

18. (A. Bioinformatics B. Biotechnology C. Bacteriology D. Biodiversity)

is study of information technology to interpret molecular biology data.

19. All living things consist of the living substance called (A. cytoplasm B.

catabolism C. protoplasm D. metabolism).

20. Cells of plants and animals are organized into (A. organ B. system C. organ

and system D. tissues).

21. Which is the correct sequence, starting with smallest and ending with largest?

(A. tissue, cell, organ and system B. cell, tissue, organ and system C. tissue,

cell, system and organ D. cell, tissue, system and organ).

22. (A. Anabolism B. Metabolism C. Catabolism D. Protoplasm) is the

sum of the various processes that give the organism life.

23. The food materials are made into a part of the organism in the process of (A.

catabolism B. anabolism C. metabolism D. protoplasm).

24. The (A. anabolism B. metabolism C. cytoplasm D. catabolism) is the

broken down of food material, released energy and results in the formation of

waste products.

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25. The (A. movement B. reproduction C. growth D. irritability) of an

organism is seen as an increase in size and weight.

26. Movements in plants mainly take place (A. outside B. beside C. inside

D. offside) the cells although some result from a stimulus such as light.

27. Living things respond to stimulus, which is sensitivity to any changes in the

environment termed as (A. adaptability B. irritability C. growth D.

movement).

28. Reproduction is the production of a new generation of (A. plants B.

animals C. family D. offspring).

29. Asexual reproduction needed (A. some B. many C. only one D. two)

parent organism.

30. Adaptability increases the chances (A. animal B. plant C. organism D.

species) surviving and can result in the information of a new species.

31. A change of season or a shortage of food may cause certain birds to (A. visit B.

migrate C. study D. remain) to another place where the conditions are

more favourable.

32. The science of classification of organisms is (A. taxonomy B. biodiversity C.

cytology D. morphology).

33. The word (A. biology B. bioinformatics C. biodiversity D. biotechnology)

is a short form of “biological diversity)

34. (A. Morphology B. Cytology C. Taxonomy D. Biodiversity) is the general

name for group categories within a classification system.

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35. (A. Evolution B. Biodiversity C. Cytology D. Taxonomy) can be used to

examine the evolutionary history of organisms.

36. (A. Anatomy B. Biodiveristy C. Taxonomy D. Morphology) can be

used to examine the evolutionary history of organisms and relationships of

organisms.

37. Linnaeus is a Swedish (A. scientist B. botanist C. zoologist D. naturalist),

studied and gave scientific names to thousands of plants and animals. 38. All

living things are placed in (A. one B. two C. three D. four) of six

kingdoms.

39. Organisms are divided into (A. one B. two C. three D. six) kingdoms.

40. Example of kingdom Protista is (A. amoeba B. bacteria C. yeast

D. mosses).

41. Viruses are very small (A. 20-40 B. 40-200 C. 20-200 D. 200-400)

nanometers, non-cellular particles.

42. Virus cannot survive (A. inside B. beside C. outside D. centre) the

host cells.

43. Most protists can be divided into (A. two B. three C. five D. six)

groups based on their characters.

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44. The protists include (A. two B. three C. five D. six) general groups

according to the major characteristics

45. The fungi are subdivided into (A. three B. four C. five D. six)

divisions.

III. Complete the following statements with appropriate words.

1. The study of living things is termed as _____________.

2. Living things exist on the _____________, in the water and in the air.

3. Living things are known as _______________.

4. Biology deals with the study of all _______________.

5. Biology is very ______________ and important science.

6. Plant and animal _______________ have modified organisms to yield greater

amounts of food.

7. There are ________________ main branches of biology.

8. Anatomy is the study of ________________ internal structure.

9. The ________________ is the study of cells.

10. The study of form and structure of organisms is termed as ________________.

11. The remains of organisms preserved in rocks are termed as

__________________.

12. Evolution is the study of the ________________ and change in forms of

organisms over time.

13. The study of fossils is termed as ________________.

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14. The study of information technology to interpret __________________biology

data is termed as bioinformatics.

15. Genetics is the study of ________________ and variation.

16. Fossils are the remains of ________________ which lived millions of year ago.

17. The study of ________________among living organisms is termed as

biodiversity.

18. ________________ is the study of utilization of living organisms in industrial

processes.

19. Histology is the study of ________________ structure of tissues.

20. Ecology is the study of the ________________ organisms to their

environments

21. ________________ is the study of varieties among living organisms.

22. All living things consist of the living substance called ________________.

23. The cells contain DNA molecules that carry biological __________________.

24. Cells of plants and animals are organized into ________________.

25. Tissues are organized into organs and ________________ to carry out the

various life processes.

26. The sum of the various processes is __________________.

27. The two aspects of metabolism are __________________ and catabolism.

28. The food material is made into a part of the organism in the process of

__________________.

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29. The important metabolic processes that take place in organisms involve

__________________ the food.

30. The food material is made into a part of the organism are nutrition, respiration

and __________________ .

31. The __________________ of the organisms is seen as an increase in size and

weight resulting from the use of food.

32. All living things show some kinds of __________________.

33. Movement is more obvious in __________________ since they have organs of

movement.

34. Movements in plants mainly take place inside the __________________.

35. __________________ is the property of living things to respond to stimuli. 36.

Living things respond to __________________, which is sensitive to any

changes in the environment.

37. Reproduction is the __________________ of a new generation of offspring. 38.

The two types of reproduction are __________________ reproduction and

sexual reproduction.

39. In __________________ reproduction, the new individual may be produced by a

part of the parent.

40. Sexual reproduction produces a new __________________ as a result of the

fusion of two parental cells.

41. There is only one parent organism needed for reproduction.

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42. Living organisms are able to __________________ and adapt themselves to

changes in their environment.

43. __________________ increases the chances of species surviving.

44. A plant may grow very __________________ and upright to stand above plants

around it.

45. Migration of certain birds occurs in a change of seasons or a

__________________ of food.

46. The science of __________________ of organisms is taxonomy.

47. Taxonomy is the general name for groups or __________________ within a

classification system.

48. Means of biodiversity is the __________________ of different types or species.

49. Scientists are not aware just how many different types of __________________

exist in nature.

50. Classification is essential to __________________ because there are too many

different living things.

51. Taxonomy can be used to examine the __________________ history of

organism and relationships between organisms.

52. Biologists are invention the biological __________________ schemes.

53. Similar genera are grouped together into __________________.

54. Similar __________________ are grouped together into the same genus.

55. When a classification of species is written, it starts with the _______________.

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56. Everyone must be able to identify objects and to relate their ________________

to other people.

57. Linnaeus introduced the Binomial System of __________________.

58. Linnaeus studied and gave __________________ names of thousands of plants

and animals.

59. In scientific names, the first name is the__________________ and second the

species.

60. The name of the __________________ is always written with a capital letter

and species with a small letter.

61. ______________ ________________ is the scientific name of paddy plant.

62. The scientific name of human is __________________.

63. A __________________ is a subdivision of a Domain.

64. The living things are classified and placed in one of the __________________

kingdoms.

65. The three domains Bacteria, __________________ and Eukarya diverged early

in the history of life.

66. Organisms are divided into __________________ kingdoms.

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 Chapter II
Cell Structure and Organization

I. State TRUE or FALSE to the following statements.

1. Some living organisms are composed of basic functional units.
2. Cells are made up of a number of different subunits called organs.
3. Both the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are bounded by plasma membrane.
4. Prokaryotic cell possesses the true nucleus.
5. The DNA of eukaryotic cell is circular.
6. Cell walls are absent in animals.
7. All the ultrastructures of a cell are seen with a light microscope.
8. Cytoplasm is a jelly like structure, in which organelles are embedded.
9. Nucleus is linear in shape.
10. Mitochondrion is absent in plant cell.
11. Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs.
12. The outer surface of rough ER lacks ribosomes.
13. Smooth ER stores calcium.
14. Smooth ER produces new membrane.
15. Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in animal cell.
16. Lysosome is a stack of flattened sacs.
17. Lysosome located outside the cytoplasm.
18. Golgi apparatus collects, processes and sorts molecules.
19. Lysosome breakdown the unwanted structures.
20. Ribosome has no internal structure.
21. Ribosome are synthetic proteins.
22. Vacuole is a fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane.
23. Chloroplast generate chemical energy as glucose molecules.
24. Chloroplast are present in animal cell.
25. Chloroplast present in the leaves.
1
26. Plasmodesmata is a fine strands of cytoplasm.
27. Plasmodesmata connects the internal chemical environment of adjacent cells.
28. Microvilli grow spindle microtubules for nuclear division.
29. Centrosome and centrioles located on the cell surface.
30. Microvilli absorb in the gut.
31. Molecules are organized into organelles.

32. In unicellular organisms, the single cell performs all life functions dependently.

33. There are five levels of organization in unicellular organisms.

34. Cells are the simplest level of organization.

35. Tissues are specialized or differentiated both internally and physiologically.

36. In the higher plants, tissues show a division of labour and form three basic
tissue systems in plants.

37. There are two types of simple tissue; epidermal tissue and permanent tissue.

38. Fibre and sclereid are types of sclerenchyma.

39. Four types of Xylem tissue are tracheid, campanion cell, xylem parenchyma and
xylem fibre.

40. The plant body consists of two main systems: the root system and the shoot
system.

41. Animal tissues can be classified into five basic groups.

42. Smooth tissue, skeletal tissue and cardiac tissue are muscle tissues.

43. Organs are body structures composed of several same types of tissues that form
a structural and functional unit.

44. Nervous system includes the lungs which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

45. Respiratory system includes producing male and female gametes, respectively
and allowing the development of the embryo.

2
II. Choose the correct answer for the following statements.
1. Ribosomes make proteins according to instructions from the
___________________.
a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. chloroplast d. genes
2. A ______________ bounds the nuclear materials of a true nucleus.
a. cell wall b. membrane c. capsule d. flagellum
3. Prokaryotic cells are _____________________ µm in diameter.
a. 0.01 – 5.0 b. 0.1 – 10 c. 0.1 – 5.0 d. 10 – 100
4. Most of DNA is in the ___________________ in a eukaryotic cell.
a. cytoplasm b. mitochondrion c. nucleus d. vacuole
5. Cell wall is made up of ________________ in fungi.
a. chitin b. cellulose c. lignin d. chromosome
6. ___________________ is outside the cell membrane.
a. Cytoplasm b. Cell wall c. Nucleus d. Endoplasmic
reticulum

7. Cytoplasm is outside the ________________________.

a. cell membrane b. nucleus c. cell wall d. chloroplast
8. ___________________ is absent in prokaryotic cells.
a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Cell membrane d. Ribosome
9. Mitochondrion is rod or ________________ in shape.
a. linear b. oval c. star d. spherical
10. Mitochondrion acts as a site for synthesis of ___________________.
a. proteins b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. nucleic acids
11. Smooth ER are synthetic of _____________.
a. protein b. vitamin c. calcium d. lipids
12. Rough ER adds ____________ to proteins to make glycoproteins.
a. molecules b. calcium c. carbohydrates d. poisons
13. Golgi apparatus located very near the ________________.
a. cell wall b. rough ER C. lysosome d. cell membrane

3
14. _____________ convert sugars into cell wall components.
a. Golgi apparatus b. Ribosome c. Vacuole d. Chloroplast
15. Ribosome has ____________ subunits.
a. four b. three c. two d. five
16. Vacuole control exchange between the vacuole and the ___________.
a. lysosome b. plasmodesmata c. chloroplast d. cytoplasm
17. ____________ is absent in animal cell.
a. Chloroplast b. Nucleus c. Microvilli d. Cytoplasm
18. ____________ located only in plant and algal cells.
a. Centrosomes b. Plasmodesmata c. Ribosome d. Centrioles
19. Within the centrosome is a pair of _______________.
a. centrioles b. chloroplast c. lysosome d. microvilli
20. ____________ is absent in plant cell.
a. Ribosome b. Microvilli c. Cell wall d. Mitochondrion
21. According to the cell theory, all living things are composed of one or

_________ cells as unicellular and multicellular organisms.

a. two b. three c. four d. more

22. Specialized cells show division of labour by being grouped into _______.

a. organs b. systems c. organelles d. tissues

23. The cells are alike, with the same characteristics of size, form and

___________.

a. arrangement b. functions c. structures d. characters

24. All the parts of the plants like root, stem and leaf are made up of

different kinds of ____________.

a. organs b. tissues c. systems d. organelles

4
25. Three kinds of meristematic tissues are apical meristem, ___________

meristem and intercalary meristem.

a. parenchyma b. vessel c. sieve tube d. lateral

26. Xylem tissue and phloem tissue are kinds of __________ tissues.

a. campanion cell b. vascular c. fibre d. ground

27. One of the animal tissues is epithelial or __________ tissue.

a. nervous b. complex c. covering d. simple

28. The other name of supporting tissue is ____________ tissue.

a. connective b. muscle c. nervous d. epithelial

29. Nervous system consists of __________, spinal cord and nerves which

coordinate the body’s actions.

a. liver b. gall bladder c. gametes d. brain

30. __________ system consists of the heart and blood vessels which

transport materials around the body.

a. Digestive b. Gas exchange c. Circulatory D. Reproductive

III. Complete the following statements with appropriate words.

1. In _______________ (many - celled) organisms, there may be hundreds of
different types of cells.
2. A microscope with a high ____________________ and resolution is needed to
observe cells and their subunits.
3. Cells contain a ________________ (i.e. information) outlining their growth,
development and function.
4. Inside the cells is a semifluid jelly-like substance called ___________________.
5. Eukaryotic cells are typically ____________________ in diameter.
6. The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of
their _______________.

5
7. A prokaryotic cell contains only nucleic acid with no ____________________.
8. The ___________________ in cell shape and structure reflects the different
functions of cells.
9. The ________________ is located around the cytoplasm.
10. The nucleus controls the cell's _________________________.
11. ER located inside the _________________.
12. Rough ER is studded with ______________ on the outer surface of its
membrane.
13. Rough ER aids in synthesis of secretory and other ____________ on bound
ribosomes.

14. ___________ make lysosomes.

15. Lysosome located inside the _____________.

16. Some _____________ are attached to rough ER.

17. ________________ is a large organelle.

18. Plasmodesmata pass through _______________ structures.

19. Microvilli are ___________ extensions.

20. Centrioles are ____________ in plant cell.

21. The cell must possess enough ___________ to specify which

molecules are to be associated in a specific compartment.

22. Individual cells may perform specific functions and also work
together for the ______________ of the entire organism.

23. A _____________ is a group of cells with similar structures.

24. There are two types of plant tissues: meristematic tissue and
__________ tissues.

25. Two types of Parenchyma tissues are ___________ and

aerenchyma.

6
26. In ___________ tissues, the cells are capable of cell division.

27. Four types of phloem tissue are sieve tube, ____________, phloem
parenchyma and phloem fibre.

28. There are ____________ organs in plants as compared to animals.

29. The root system is the __________ part of the plant.

30. The stem acts as a __________ system.

31. The ______________ performs as a reproductive system.

32. Muscle or _____________ tissue is one of the animal tissues.

33. Four types of animal tissues are epithelial tissue, connective tissues,
muscle tissue and _____________ tissue.

34. There are three types of simple tissue: __________, cuboidal and
columnar.

35. The digestive system is composed of the digestive tract, liver, gall
bladder and ______________.

7
 CHAPTER 3
SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION

Support Systems in Aquatic Plants

I. State TRUE or FALSE to the following statements.

1. The support system is very important to some organisms.

2. Plants have skeletons like animals.

3. All animals have internal skeletal system.

4. Aquatic plants can stay upright in water.

5. Vallisneria is the example of floating plants.

6. The petioles are swollen and spongy, consisting of numerous air spaces in free
floating plants.

7. The leaves of water hyacinth have parallel veins.

8. The stems of trailing floating plants are hollow and can float easily.

9. Free floating plants cannot float freely on the water surface.

10. The presence of air spaces makes the plant heavier.

Support Systems in Terrestrial Plants

1. The types of support and physiological and behavioral.

2. The physiological support is a permanent support.

3. An internal pressure is built up inside the cell vacuole.

4. Tissues in non-woody plants are sclerenchyma tissues.

5. Betel is non-woody plants.

6. Bayan tree is a kind of tendrils.

7. Thorns acts as hooks to hold onto the support.

8. An outgrowth of the epidermis cannot be easily removed from the stem.

9. Durian is an example of buttress.

10. The roots of pepper cannot grip onto other plants or structures to get support.

Support Systems in Animals and Humans

1. Zoologists commonly recognize four types of skeletal systems in animals.

2. Earthworms have exoskeleton.

3. The exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects made of polysaccharide chitin.

4. Endoskeletons found in invertebrates.

5. The human skeleton has about 2006 bones.

6. The human skeleton can be categorized as part of either the axial or appendicular
skeleton.

7. The skeleton protects vital external organs.

8. The bones of the skeleton provide sites for muscle attachment.

9. The muscles serves as an important storage reservoir.

10. The skeleton produces blood cells within the red bone marrow.

11. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones found in the trunk and head
of the body.

12. The axial skeleton includes the 72 bones in the skull.

13. The axial skeleton includes 33 bones that form the spine.

14. The ribs and the sternum protect the brain.

15. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones in the limbs.

16. Bone tissue consists of a dense and hard organic matrix deposits of minerals.

17. The marrow cavity may contain red marrow which is mainly fat.

18. The ends of the cartilage are protected from wear by bones.

19. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue.

20. Cartilaginous joints are made of the same dense material that bone is made of.

21. A ligament is a long, flexible band of connective tissue that connects two bones
across a joint.

22. Normal joints and muscles result in osteoarthritis in which damaged ends of
bones rub against each other.

23. To maintain healthy joints between bones, physical activities and exercises are
necessary.

24. Some movements can cause injuries.

25. Reducing body weight by exercising regularly improve joint health.

MOVEMENT IN PLANTS

1. The plants are fixed at a place with their shoots in the ground.

2. Tropic movements are growth-dependent movements.

3. Nastic movements are dependent on the direction of stimulus.

4. There are five types in tropic movements.

5. Plants are not sensitive to light.

6. The shoot is negatively geotropic.

7. The movement of the plant towards is known as thermotropism.

8. The directional movement in plants in response to touch is known as

thigmotropism.
9. Chemotropism is the movement of plant or their parts in response to changes in
the external stimulus of temperature.

10. Picture plant is the example of nastic movements.

MOVEMENT AND LOCOMOTION IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS

1. Muscular action produces a change in body size.

2. The bird’s wings exert force on the air when the bird takes off into flight.

3.Muscles act on the fluid in the body’s central space which represents the
exoskeleton.

4. Setae prevent slipping forward of the front end.

5. The rear legs of a grasshopper are adapted for hopping and jumping.

6. Birds have a streamlined body shape for swimming in water.

7. The frog’s powerful hind legs are adapted for both swimming and leaping.

8. Extensor muscles of the thigh contract to pull the leg for the next extension.

9. Most birds have approximately 157 different muscles.

10. The working muscle is termed as agonist.

II. Choose the correct answer for the following statements.

1. The main body support is provided by the internal skeletal system of bones in
association with __________ and the muscular system.
a. liver b. lungs c. heart d. cartilage
2. The ________ protects soft organs inside the body.
a. skeleton b. muscle c. cartilage d. skin
3. The stems of aquatic plants are soft and _____________.
a. woody b. non-woody c. heavy d. attractive
4. The submerged plants close to the surface to obtain maximum ____________.
 a. water b. air c. sunlight d. soil
5. The ____________ tissues in the stems and leaves of water lily make the plants
float on the surface of water.
a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. aerenchyma
6. The plants have long and horizontal stems in __________ floating plants.
a. submerged b. emergent c. trailing d. free
7. Water hyacinth (Beda) is a kind of __________ plants.
a. submerged b. emergent c. trailing d. free
8. The stems of buffalo spinach are _________ and can float.
a. light b. hollow c. heavy d. flat
9. Emergent plants consists of tufts of basal leaves which rise from the spreading
___________.
a. stems b. leaves c. fruits d. rhizomes
10. The example of emergent plants is _____________.
a. water hyacinth b. sweet flag c. buffalo spinach d. water lily

Support Systems in Terrestrial Plants

1. The various methods and systems for support can maintain its _________.
a. size b. structure c. organs d. shape
2. The physiological support depends on the presence of _________ in the plant
cells.
a. water b. sunlight c. minerals d. chlorophyll
3. To swell the cell, the pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the
__________.
a. vacuole b. ribosomes c. cell wall d. chloroplast
4. Climbers have modifications for climbing up a support in order to obtain_______.
a. water b. sunlight c. minerals d. chlorophyll
5. Maize is the example of _____________.
a. prop roots b. thorns c. prickles d. tendrils
6. __________ are sharp modified branches that cannot be easily removed.
 a. Prickles b. Clasping roots c. Thorns d. Prop roots
7. Buttress roots are thick support roots that grow from the ________ above the
ground.
a. root b. branch c. leave d. stem
8. Roses have _____________.
a. prickles b. thorns c. curly leaves d. hooks
9. The roots of _______________ grip onto other plants or structures.
a. casuarina b. betel c. bougainvillea d. bittergourd
10. Cucumber is an example of ______________.
a. prop roots b. tendrils c. buttress roots d. clasping roots

Support Systems in Animals and Humans

1. __________ serve as main support systems for animals.

a. Bones b. Cartilage c. Skeletons d. pelvis
2. ___________ are found in soft-bodied aquatic invertebrates.
a. Hydrostatic skeleton b. Exoskeleton c. Endoskeleton d. Cartilages
3. ___________-filled body cavities give support by means of hydrostatic pressure
on the body wall.
a. Water b. Liquid c. Fat d. Fluid
4. An ____________ is a rigid, hard case that surrounds the body.
a. endoskeleton b. Hydrostatic skeleton c. exoskeleton d. Coelom
5. Echinoderms have endoskeletons of ossicles made of _____________ carbonate.
a. calcium b. magnesium c. hydrogen d. sodium
6. The ___________ endoskeleton supports the body.
a. soft b. light c. rigid d. big
7. The skeleton stores ___________ and phosphorus.
a. calcium b. magnesium c. sodium d. potassium
8. The bones of the axial skeleton includes ________ pairs of ribs.
a. 13 b. 15 c. 12 d. 21
9. Lower jaw bone is attached flexibly to the _____________.
 a. skull b. ribs c. sternum d. vertebrae
10. ___________ are serially arranged bones of the spine that surround the spinal
cord.
a. Spine b. Girdles c. Vertebrae d. Limbs
11. The appendicular skeleton includes two sets of bones, called __________ that
connect limbs.
a. limbs b. femur c. pelvis d. girdles
12. Most bones have a large cavity called ____________.
a. patella b. marrow cavity c. metacarpus d. tibia
13. __________ is a flexible connective tissue that is found between the bones.
a. Cartilage b. Bone c. Joint d. Ligament
14. __________ are made of the same dense material that bone is made of.
a. Synovial joints b. Fibrous joints c. Cartilaginous joints
d. Ligaments
15. Vitamin C, K and A, iron, calcium, phosphorus and _________ are good for
joints.
a. metal b. carbon c. magnesium d. potassium

MOVEMENT IN PLANTS

1. Plants show _________ types of movements.

a. five b. four c. three d. two
2. The movement is towards the direction of stimuli is known as _________.
a. hydrotropism b. geotropism c. positive tropism d. negative
tropism
3. The ___________ is negatively phototropic.
a. shoot b. root c. leaf d. flower
4. The movement of plants in response to light is known as ____________.
a. phototropism b. geotropism c. thigmotropism d. chemotropism
5. The movement of a plant part towards the ___________ in response to the
earth’s gravity is known as geotropism.
a. light b. water c. soil d. chemicals
6. __________ are positively hydrotropic.
a. Leaves b. Flowers c. Stems d. Roots
7. The movement of plants in response to a chemical stimulus is known as _______.
a. chemotropism b. hydrotropism c. phototropism d.
thermotropism
8. Thermotropism is the movement of plant or their parts in response to changes in
the external stimulus of ____________.
a. water b. chemicals c. soil d. temperature
9. “Touch me not” (Mimosa, Hti-ka-yone) is the example of _____________.
a. Thigmotropism b. Chemotropism c. nastic movements d. tropic
movements
10. Depending on the quantity of _________, Hti-ka-yone swell up or shrink.
a. water b. light c. soil d. temperature

MOVEMENT AND LOCOMOTION IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS

1. A ___________ movements push against the water.

a. horse b. bird c. frog d. fish
2. The nature of the muscular and ____________ systems allows movement in
animals.
a. skeletal b. digestive c. circulatory d. respiratory
3. In earthworm, a fluid-filled central body cavity or __________ is encompassed by
two sets of muscles.
a. coelom b. sternum c. ribs d. bones
4. In the first step of earthworm, _______ lose contact with ground.
a. muscles b. setae c. bristle d. hair
5. Two types of muscle in earthworm are ___________ muscles and longitudinal
muscles.
a. oval b. rectangle c. vertical d. circular
6. The flexor and extensor muscles are ____________.
a. parallel b. cross c. antagonistic d. equal
7. In flight of the grasshopper, the movement of the wings is achieved by the
alternate contraction of extensor muscles and ________ muscles.
a. smooth b. flexor c. skeletal d. cardiac
8. The tail fin is called ____________.
a. caudal fin b. pectoral fin c. pelvic fin d. dorsal fin
9. ___________ fins are used to steer the fish.
a. caudal b. pelvic c. pectoral d. dorsal
10. There are about __________ skeletal muscles in the human body.
a. 650 b. 560 c. 270 d. 720

III. Complete the following statements with appropriate words.

1. Plants use their ____________ of cells within packing tissue for support.
2. The skeleton of insects and prawns is ____________.
3. Three groups of aquatic plants are submerged plants, floating plants and
__________ plants.
4. Numerous _____________ inside the leaves and stems keep the plant floating
close to the surface.
5. The free floating plants float freely on the _______________.
6. The aerenchyma tissues in the stems and leaves have _____________ and air
spaces.
7. Trailing floating plants have long and ____________ stems.
8. The example of trailing floating plants is ______________.
9. Emergent plants consist of tufts and ________ leaves.
10. Emergent plants have _____________ veins.

Support Systems in Terrestrial Plants

1. There is no ____________ if the water in the plant cells is lost.

2. The water enters the vacuole of the cell by ________________.

3. Non-woody plants are herbaceous plants and _____________.

4. ______________ is an internal pressure that built up inside the cell vacuole.

5. Support in non-woody plants depends on the ___________ of their cells.

6. The roots of bayan tree grow down from the ______________ or branches into
the ground.

7. Curly _____________ structures modified from the stems and leaves curl and
twine around the parts of other plants or objects.

8. ____________ acts as hooks to hold onto the support.

9. An outgrowth of the ____________ can be easily removed from the stem.

10. The roots of durian grow from the stem above the ____________.

Support Systems in Animals and Humans

1. _____________ commonly recognize three types of skeletal systems in animals.

2. Three types of skeletal systems in animals are hydrostatic skeleton, ___________

and endoskeleton.

3. Shedding the exoskeleton is called ___________.

4. A ___________ exoskeleton resists bending.

5. The endoskeletons of the sponges and echinoderms are rigid internal skeletons
that form the body’s ____________.

6. Vertebrates have internal __________ forming an endoskeleton.

7. Echinoderms have __________________ of ossicles.

8. The human skeleton has about ____________ bones.

9. The human endoskeletal system has many functions that contribute to ________.

10. The skeleton produces __________ within the red bone marrow.

11. The _________ skeleton includes the 27 bones in the skull.

12. The _________ is the flat bone in the front of the chest that connects the ribs.

13. The ribs and sternum protect the heart and __________.

14. Appendicular skeleton includes the bones in the _________.

15. ____________ canals running through the matrix of the bone consist of blood
vessels and nerves.

16. The ends of the bones are protected from wear by __________.

17. The _________ found in the chest holds neighboring ribs together.

18. ______________ allow partial movement.

19. Synovial joints are cushioned with cartilage and held together by a capsule of
___________.

20. A ____________ is a long, flexible band of connective tissue that connects two
bones.

MOVEMENT IN PLANTS

1. Although the plants cannot move from one place to another by their bodies, they
can move with their ___________.

2. The examples of external stimuli are light, water, ___________, chemicals, etc.

3. Growth-dependent movements are called the __________________ movements.

4. Plant may either show a positive or negative movement as a ___________ to a

stimulus.

5. The __________ system of a plant shows positively phototropic.

6. The stimulus of hydrotropism is _______________.

7. In chemotropism, the growth of ___________ towards ovule during fertilization

due to secretion of a sugary chemical in the ovary.

8. The directional movement in plants in response to touch is the ___________.

9. ________________ are not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.

10. In pitcher plant, the closing of the lid of ____________ plant occurs due to the
catchment of the insects.

MOVEMENT AND LOCOMOTION IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS

1. Short and bristle like structures are called _____________.

2. Muscles in earthworm represent the ___________ skeleton.

3. When the extensor muscle contracts in grasshopper, the leg jerks __________.

4. Antagonist and _____________ skeletal muscles often occur in pairs are called
___________ pairs.

5. Antagonistic muscles are called _____________.

6. __________ fins are used to balance the fish.

7. The thrust is transmitted through the body of the frog by the __________.

8. A bird moves its wings in weak __________ during flight.

9. One of the pair of muscles is __________ and triceps brachii in the upper arm.

10. The resting muscle is called the ___________.

 CHAPTER 4
A BODY SYSTEM TO SUSTAIN LIFE
NUTRITION

I. State TRUE or FALSE to the following statements.

1. Nutrition is the process of taking food.

2. Energy is the substances which provide nutrition.

3. There are 3 types of nutrition.

4. Chemosynthetic organism is one kind of heterotrophic nutrition.

5. Saprophytic nutrition is a kind of heterotrophic nutrition.

6. Green plants make their own food from CO2 and O2 by using sunlight in the presence
of chlorophyll.

7. Hydrogen reduces CO2 to form glucose in the process of photosynthesis.

8. Chloroplast is a pigment that absorbs light of particular wavelengths.

9. The leaf becomes soft because of boiling in spirit.

10. CO2 diffuses from the atmosphere into the leaves through the stomata.

Types of Nutrient in Plants and Animals

1. Carbon are derived from the soil.

2. Manganese (Mn) is a kind of micronutrient.

3. The plants need large amounts of nitrogen (N).

4. The plants need trace amounts of hydrogen (H).

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5. Nitrogen (N) affects disease resistance of plants.

6. If the plants are deficient of Calcium, it can be shorter internodes.

7. Fats are macronutrients in animals.

8. Vitamins are micronutrients in plants.

9. Proteins provide energy to animals.

10. We can get fibres from butter.

11. Balanced diets must be in the right amount and in the correct proportions to keep
healthy.

12. We should consume higher sodium, cholesterol, refined grains.

Digestive systems

1. Single-celled organisms digest their food extracellularly within a digestive cavity.

2. A gastrovascular cavity has only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus.

3. When the digestive system or alimentary canal has a separate mouth and anus,
specialization occurs.

Regions of the alimentary canal and their functions

1. The alimentary canal starts with a mouth and ends with an anus.

2. Digestive enzymes are slimy liquid that lubricates the lining of the canal and protects
it from wear and tear.

3. Pancreas cannot produce digestive enzymes.

4. The tongue swallows the bolus of food.

5. When pepsinogen encounters with hydrochloric acid, it becomes inactive pepsin.

2
6. Duodenum secretes peptidase which converts peptides into nitric acids.

7. Ileum is the second part of the large intestine.

8. Anus egests the faeces.

9. Liver secretes bile into the duodenum via the bile duct.

10. Saliva lubricates food and makes small pieces stick together.

The Process of Digestion

1. Chemical digestion includes chewing in the mouth and churning in the stomach.

2. Omnivores are organisms that eat animal and plant materials.

3. There are three types of teeth in human.

4. Rabbits are carnivores.

5. Glucose in fruit juice could pass through the walls of the alimentary canal and enter

the blood vessels without digestion.

6. The uptake and use of food is called assimilation.

7. The pH of gastric juice should be acidic in the small intestine but alkaline in the

stomach.

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II. Choose the correct answer for the following statements.
1. In __________ nutrition, the organisms make their own food from the simple
inorganic materials.

A. holozoic B. sapropytic C. autotrophic D. parasitic

2. ____________ plants use energy from the sun to make their own food.

A. Photosynthetic B. Chemosynthetic C. Saprophytic D. Parasitic

3. The process of photosynthesis takes place in the green ________ of a plant.

A. stems B. leaves C. roots D. branches

4. The extra glucose is changed into __________ that temporarily stored in the leaves
of the plant.

A. proteins B. fats C. calcium D. starch

5. The light energy converts into ___________ energy in photosynthesis.

A. chemical B. heat C. potential D. kinetic

6. Water splits into hydrogen and _____________ by light energy in photosynthesis.

A. carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. helium

7. The leaf is boiled in methylated spirit to remove the ____________.

A. proteins B. fats C. carbohydrate D. chlorophyll

8. If starch is present in the leaf, it turns __________.

A. blue B. black C. blue-black D. brown

9. Internal factors include chlorophyll content and the accumulation of the _________
of photosynthesis.

A. reactants B. products C. substances D. compounds

10. Water is absorbed by the roots and travels up the _________.

4
A. xylem B. phloem C. tracheid D. vessel

Types of Nutrient in Plants and Animals

1. __________ is a macronutrient in plants.

A. Chlorine (Cl) B. zinc (Zn) C. oxygen (O) D. nickel (Ni)

2. ___________ is a micronutrient in plants.

A. iron (Fe) B. potassium (K) C. calcium (Ca) D. sulphur (S)

3. __________ are derived from the atmosphere.

A. molybdenum B. carbon (C) C. magnesium (Mg) D. potassium (K)

4. Hydrogen (H) affects the normal __________ and development of plants.

A. nutrition B. absorbing C. health D. growth

5. Nitrogen (N) are components of ___________ acids, amino acids and proteins.

A. nitric B. carbonic C. hydrochloric D. nucleic

6. Effects of deficiency of phosphorus (P) can make ______ or red spots on leaves.

A. purple B. brown C. green D. orange

7. ___________ affects drought tolerance and disease resistance.

A. Magnesium (Mg) B. Potassium (K) C. Sulphur (S) D. Nitrogen (N)

8. Water is essential for metabolism.

A. nutrients B. energy C. metabolism D. respiration

9. We can get proteins from ____________.

A. milk B. berries C. bananas D. legumes

10. Effects of deficiency of _____________ can make us loss of appetite.

A. proteins B. fibres C. carbohydrates D. water

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11. Balanced ________ with physical activity or energy output.

A. calories B. fats C. vitamins D. minerals

12. _______ eating means eating a variety of foods that give the nutrients needed to
maintain health, feel good and have energy.

A. Wealthy B. Happy C. Strong D. Healthy

Digestive systems

Regions of the alimentary canal and their functions

1. The alimentary canal is also called _____________.

A. digestive system B. alimentary tract C. digestive tract D. alimentary

system

2.The liver produces bile into the ________ and duodenum.

A. pancreas B. ileum C. rectum D. gall bladder

3. ____________ is the first part of the small intestine.

A. Duodenum B. Colon C. Ileum D. Rectum

4. __________ absorbs bile salts to pass back to the liver.

A. Stomach B. Oesophagus C. Colon D. Pancreas

5. Liver makes __________.

A. enzymes B. glands C. acids D. bile

6. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice into the ____________.

A. duodenum B. colon C. liver D. gall bladder

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The Process of Digestion

1. __________ are behind canines.

A. Molar B. Incisor C. Premolar D. Precisor

2. ______________ chews and grinds food into smaller pieces.

A. Incisor B. Canine C. Premolar D. Molar

3. The solid proteins in meat, eggs and beans are digested to soluble substances called
___________ acids.

A. fatty B. nitric C. amino D. folic

4. The products of digestion such as glucose, _________ and amino acids are carried
around the body in the blood.

A. enzymes B. juice C. fats D. minerals

5. Pancreatic juices help make food dissolve in _____________.

A. water B. food C. enzymes D. acids

III. Complete the following statements with appropriate words.

1. Mode of _________varies from one species to another for their important life
processes.

2. Two types of nutrition are ____________ nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.

3. Bacteria and fungi feed on dead and ___________ matter.

4. The examples of parasitic nutrition are dodder, fleas, lice and_________.

5. Green plants convert energy of sunlight into _________ energy.

6. ____________ is the site of photosynthesis in a cell of the leaf.

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7. The leaf is stained ________ by iodine if there is no starch.

8. The experiments on photosynthesis depend on the fact that green leaves make
__________ as food.

9. The important external factors that influence photosynthesis are intensity of _____,
concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, temperature and water.

10. Carbon dioxide combines with the _________ from water to form glucose.

Types of Nutrient in Plants and Animals

1. Two types of nutrients are _______________ and micronutrients.

2. Nitrogen (N) affects ___________ growth.

3. Effects of deficiency of phosphorus (P) can make _________ falling of leaves.

4. ____________ activates enzymes and starch synthesis.

5. Macronutrients provide _____________ in animals.

6. __________ are needed for a large number of cellular and extracellular chemical
reactions.

7. Vitamins are essential for ___________ clotting.

8. Carbohydrates are the best source of __________ for the body.

9. Effects of deficiency of proteins can make us weak ___________.

10. We get ____________ from vegetables such as peas, beans, potatoes with skin.

11. Nutritious diet includes a selection of healthy food groups: i.e grains, vegetables,
fruits, dairy products and ____________.

12. Drinking enough ___________ is important for health.

Digestive systems

8
1. The animals except single-celled organisms digest their food ______________.

2. All higher animal groups show similar ________________.

Regions of the alimentary canal and their functions

1. Two muscle layers cover the _____________________.

2. Liver, pancreas and gall bladder are ____________ organs.

3. _____________ produces gastric juice.

4. Anus egests the ____________.

5. Trypsin coverts ____________ into peptide.

The Process of Digestion

1. Digestion consists of mechanical digestion and ___________ digestion.

2. Humans have different teeth termed incisors, __________, premolars and molars.

3. __________ have two points (cusps) and one or two roots.

4. ____________bite off pieces of food.

5. The dental formula for permanent teeth in humans is _____________.

6. The dental formula of herbivores is _________________.

7. The ______________ eat plants and animals.

8. The digestive ____________ are the chemicals that dissolve or digest the food.

9. A cartilage flap is called ____________.

9
10. The digestive tract and accessory organs should be free of infection, ___________
and abnormal growth.

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