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Lesson 8 Exponential Functions

Exponential functions have the form f(x)=ax where a>0 and a≠1, with the domain being all real numbers and the range being positive real numbers; they increase exponentially as x increases when a>1 and decrease exponentially when 0<a<1; and they are always positive with the x-axis as a horizontal asymptote.

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James Clarenze
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55 views

Lesson 8 Exponential Functions

Exponential functions have the form f(x)=ax where a>0 and a≠1, with the domain being all real numbers and the range being positive real numbers; they increase exponentially as x increases when a>1 and decrease exponentially when 0<a<1; and they are always positive with the x-axis as a horizontal asymptote.

Uploaded by

James Clarenze
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exponential Function

Exponential Function
The exponential functions with base a is defined
by the equation y=f(x)=ax, where a>0 and a≠1.
The domain of the exponential function is the set of
real numbers and the range is a set of positive real
numbers.
𝑓 𝑥 = 8𝑥 + 3
or 𝑦 = 8𝑥 + 3
Exponential Expression
- Is in the form 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1.

Examples:
4𝑥−1
52(𝑥+3)
169𝑥
72𝑥+6 − 10
Exponential Equation
- An equations involving exponential expressions.
-An equation in which a variable occurs in an exponent
is called an exponential equation. To solve
exponential equation, we use the laws of exponents.
We also use this property that if x and y are real
numbers and if bx = b y , then x = y.

Examples:
2𝑥−𝑥 2
1
7 =
343
Exponential Inequalities
- An inequality (<, >, ≤, ≥) involving exponential
expressions.
Examples:

52𝑥 − 5𝑥+1 ≤ 0
Examples
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 2

𝑥
1
2≥
2
4𝑥
7 =𝑦
4 10𝑥−2 = 500
7 < 14𝑥+3
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.

𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 2

None of these
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.

𝑥
1
2≥
2

Exponential Inequality
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.

74𝑥 = 𝑦
Exponential Function
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.

𝑥−2
4 10 = 500
Exponential Equations
Determine whether the given is an exponential
function, an exponential equation,
exponential inequalities or none of these.

𝑥+3
7 < 14
Exponential Inequality
Graph of
Exponential Function
The exponential functions with base a is defined by
the equation y=f(x)=ax, where a>0 and a≠1.
The domain of the exponential function is the set of real
numbers and the range is a set of positive real numbers.
Now let us look at some graphs of exponential function.
Given y=f(x)=2x let us plot the graph of the function.
Notice how the curve of f(x)=2x comes very close to the
x- axis but never touches it. The x- axis is an
asymptote for every exponential function. Remember
that f(x) is always positive, so the range of function f is
the set of positive numbers (whereas the domain is the
set of real numbers) as reflected in Figure 1.1. When the
base is greater than one, as x increases, f(x) increases
faster and faster (that is curve gets steeper).
1
Now let us graph g x = .First step is to collect some
2x
coordinates of the function.
1
Figure 2.1 shows that the curve of g x = 2x also comes very
close to the x- axis but never touches it (asymptotic). It
also has the same range and domain with f(x)=2x. Note
that the given function as x increases, g(x) decreases faster
and faster (that is curve gets steeper).

x f(x)
-3 8
-2 4
-1 2
0 1
1 1
As shown in figure 1.3 in x = 2x , the graph of g x = 2x can also be found
1
by comparing with the graph of f(x)= 2x . Since g x = 2x = 2−x = f(−x), y-
values for function g are the same as the y- values for function f on the
opposite side of the y-axis. In other words, the graph of function g is the
reflection of the graph of function f through the y-axis.

Function Domain Range y- intercept x- intercept Asymptote


𝐟 𝐱 = 𝟐𝐱 {x|x ∈ ℜ} {y|y > 0} (0,1) none x-axis or y=0
𝐟 𝐱 = 𝟐−𝐱 {x|x ∈ ℜ} {y|y > 0} (0,1) none x-axis or y=0
Properties of f(x)=ax (Exponential Function)
1. Domain: all real numbers x or {x|x ∈ ℜ}.
2. Range: all positive number y or {y|y ∈ 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑒 number}.
3. The function is increasing when a>1, and it is decreasing when 0<a<1.
4. The curve is concave upward for a>1 and for 0<a<1.
5. The function is one- to- one.
6. The point (0,1) is on the curve and there is no x- intercept.
7. The x- axis is a horizontal asymptote to the curve, toward the left
for a>1 and towards the right for 0<a<1.
Example 1: Determine whether the given function is an
exponential function or not.

a. f(x)= 9x

b. f(x)=123x

c. f(x)= (-5)2x

d. f(x)=x3
Example 1: Determine whether the given function is an
exponential function or not.

a. f(x)= 9x
Solution:
Since a=9 and the exponent is x which is of the form
f(x)=ax. Thus, f(x)=9x is an exponential function.

b. f(x)=123x
Solution:
Note that a=12 and the exponent is 3x which is of the
form f(x)= ax. Thus, f(x)= 123x is an exponential function.
Example 1: Determine whether the given function is an
exponential function or not.

c. f(x)= (-5)2x
Solution:
Based from the definition of the exponential function
f(x)=ax, a>0 and a≠1; this clearly is in contrary to the given
f(X)= (-5)2x. Since a= -5 and recall that it should be a a>0.
Thus, f(x)=(-5)2x is not an exponential function.

d. f(x)=x3
Solution:
f(x)=x3 is a power function and not an exponential
function.

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