Angular Measurement

Fill in the blanks:

1) Sine bars made of________

2) For setting the 100 mm sine bar to an angle of 30⁰, the height of the gauge block is equal to
________mm
3) Number of pieces in sets of angle gauge are ________and __________
4) It is not preferred to use sine bar for measuring angle more than _______Degrees
5) Unit used in angular measurement is___________
6) Sine bar works on __________ principle.
7) Formula for calculating θ is _______
8) Angle gauges are developed by ________
9) The distance between two rollers is called _________
10) Sine bar contains two rollers of different diameters (true or false) _________

Multiple choice questions:

1) Up to which angle sine bars can measure the angles?
a) 45 degrees b) 60 degrees

c) 90 degrees d) 120 degrees

2) Which of the following is not used in making of sine bars?

a) High carbon steel b) High chromium steel
c) Corrosion resistant steel d) Aluminum
3) Least count of Universal bevel protractor
a) 1 degree b) 1 minute
c) 30 seconds d) 5 minutes
4) Sine Centre is used to measure the angle from
a) Flat w/p b) conical w/p
c) triangular w/p d) all of above
5) Angle gauge of set “A” consist of
a) 12 pieces b) 15 pieces
b) 13 pieces d) 10 pieces
6) Angle gauge “B” set consist of

a) 15 pieces b) 18 pieces
 c) 13 pieces d) 9 pieces
7) Formula for sine bar
h l
a) sin θ = b) sin θ = h
l
ℎ 𝑙
c) 𝜃 = sin−1 d) 𝜃 = sin−1
2𝑙 ℎ

8) How 34’ can be built by using angle gauges?

a) 27’+9’-3’+1’ b) 26’+10’-2
c) 27’+10’-3’ d) 27’+8’

9) Which of the following option is incorrect with respect to angle gauges?

a) Sine bar is better than angle gauges
b) Angle gauges are made of high carbon high chromium steel
c) Angle gauges can measure the angle from 0 to 360 degrees
d) They are available in two sets of 13 and 16 gauges
10) Which of the following is not a gauge from standard set B angle gauges?
a) 0.05’ b) 1’
c) 27’ c) 30’

Two marks questions:

1) What is an angle?
2) What is sine bar?
3) List out the instruments used for angular measurement?
4) Write the expression for principle of sine bar?
5) Write the uses of sine Centre?
6) What are angle gauges?
7) Write any two limitations of sine bar.
8) How the sine bars are designated?
9) List out all the gauge blocks consist in angle gauge set “A”
10) List out all the gauge blocks consist in angle gauge set “B”

Three marks questions:

1) Draw a diagram of sine bar and label the parts

2) Write the Difference between Linear and Angular measurements
3) Write the expression for principle of sine Centre
4) What are the accuracy requirement of sine bar?
5) Define degree, minute and second
6) What are the limitation of sine bar?
7) Write the advantages of sine bar
8) Write the applications of sine bar
9) How to achieve accurate measurements with the Sine Bar?

Eight marks questions:

1) What is sine bar? Explain the principle of sine bar

2) What is sine Centre? Explain sine Centre with neat sketch
3) Mention the uses of sine bar and explain any one
4) How do you measure the angle 25⁰ using a combination of slip gauge and sine bar length is
200mm explain the details?
5) How will you measure an angle of 33⁰ 9’ 15” with help of following standards angle gauge:
6) 1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 41⁰
7) 1' 3' 9' 27'
8) 3" 6" 18" 30"
9) Build an angle of 57⁰ 34’ 9”and also sketch the arrangement of gauges follow the set given
below
10) 1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 41⁰
11) 1' 3' 9' 27'
12) 3" 6" 18" 30"
13) What will be angle of the job, if the slip gauge pack height is 17.36mm and size of sine bar is
200mm
 Question with Answers

Fill in the blanks:

11) Sine bars made of________ (High carbon high chromium, corrosion resistances steel)
12) For setting the 100 mm sine bar to angle of 30⁰ the height of the gauge block is equal to
________mm (50 mm)
13) Number of pieces in sets of angle gauge are________ (12 and 13 Pieces)
14) It is not preferred to use sine bar for measuring angle more than _______Degrees (45 Degrees)
15) Unit used in angular measurement is___________ (Degrees, Radians)
16) Sine bar is work on __________ principle (Trigonometric principle.)
17) For measuring the angle with help of sine bar ______ formula is used [θ=Sin-1 (H/L)]
18) Angle gauges are developed by ________ (Dr. Tomlinson)
19) the distance between two rollers is called __________ (length of sine bar)
20) Sine bar contains two rollers of different diameters (true or false) _________ (False)
Multiple choice questions:
11) Up to which angle sine bars can measure the angles?
a) 45 degrees b) 60 degrees

c) 90 degrees d) 120 degrees

12) Which of the following is not used in making of sine bars?

a) High carbon b) High chromium
c) Corrosion resistant steel d) Aluminum
13) Least count of Universal bevel protractor
a) 1 degree b) 1 minute
c) 30seconds d) 5 minute
14) Sine Centre is used measure the angle from
a) Flat w/p b) conical w/p
c) triangular w/p d) all of above
15) Angle gauge “A” set consist of
d) 12 pieces b)15 pieces
e) 13 pieces d) 10 pieces
16) Angle gauge “B” set consist of

a) 15 pieces b)18 pieces

f) 13 pieces d) 9 pieces
17) Formula for sine bar
𝐡 l
b) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = b) sin θ = h
𝐥
ℎ 𝑙
c) 𝜃 = sin−1 2𝑙 d) 𝜃 = sin−1 ℎ

18) How 34’ can be built by using angle gauges?

a) 27’+9’-3’+1’ b) 26’+10’-2
c) 27’+10’-3’ d) 27’+8’

19) Which of the following option is incorrect with respect to angle gauges?
e) Sine bar is better than angle gauges
f) Angle gauges are made of high carbon high chromium steel
g) Angle gauges can measure the angle from 0 to 360 degrees
h) They are available in two sets of 13 and 16 gauges
20) Which of the following is not a gauge from standard B angle gauges?
a) 0.05’ b) 1’
c) 27’ c) 30’

Two marks questions:

1) What is angle?
Ans: The angle is defined as the opening between two lines which meet at a point
2) What is sine bar?
Ans: Sine bar is a precision instrument used along with slip gauge for the measurement of angle.
3) List the instrument used for angular measurement?
Ans: Vernier bevel protractor, Optical bevel protractor, Universal bevel protractor, Sine bar, Angle
gauge etc
4) Write the expression for principle of sine bar?
H
Ans: 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = L

Where H=height of slip gauge, L=Centre distance between the sin bar rollers, θ=angle.
5) Write the uses of sine Centre?
Ans: Sine centers are used for mounting the conical work piece which is cannot be held on
conventional sine bar
6) What are angle gauges?
Ans: the angle gauges are the harden steel block they used to setting and checking of angular
surfaces
7) Write ant two limitations of sine bar
Ans: • Accuracy of sine is limited
• the sine bar is impractical inaccurate the angle exceeds 45⁰
8) How the sine bars are designated?
Ans: Sine bars are designated by The center to center distance between the rollers

9) List the gauge consist in angle gauge set “A”

Degree: 1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 41⁰
Minutes: 1' 3' 9' 27'
Seconds: 6" 18" 30"
10) List the gauge consist in angle gauge set “B”
Degree: 1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 41⁰
Minutes: 1' 3' 9' 27'
Seconds: 3" 6" 18" 30"

Three marks questions:

1) Draw a diagram of sine bar label the parts

2) Write Difference between Linear and Angular measurement

Difference between Linear and Angular measurement
Linear measurement Angular measurement
1. In linear measurement line and standard 1. There is no absolute standard for angular
and end 1. In linear measurement line and measurement are used.
standard and end standard are used.
2.Units used in linear measurement are mm, 2. Units used in angular measurement are
cm, m. degrees and radians.
3. Line is a combination of points in a straight 3. Angle is combination of two lines
axis. intersection at a point.
 4. Linear measuring instruments are scales, 4. Angular measuring instruments are Bevel
vernier caliper, and micrometer. protractor, Sine Bar, Angle gauges.

3) Write the expression for principle of sine sine Centre

D−d
Ans: α = θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2L

Where, θ=angle, D= large Diameter, d = Small diameter, L= length of taper.

4) What are the accuracy requirement of sine bar

Ans:
 The rollers must have equal diameter and equal cylinder.
 The rollers should be placed parallel to each other and also to upper face.
 The accurate center to center of rollers must be known.
 The top surface of the bar must be flat with high degree of accuracy.
5) Define degree, minute, second
Ans: If a circle is divided into 360 parts, then each part is called a degree (o).Each degree is
subdivided into 60 parts called minutes (’), and each minute is further subdivided into 60 parts
called seconds(”).
6) What are the limitation of sine bar?
Ans: • Sine bars are fairly reliable for angles less than 15⁰
• It is physically difficult to hold in position.
• Slight errors in sine bar cause larger angular error.
• The size of parts to be inspected by sine bar is limited.
•For angles exceeding 45⁰, sine bars are not suitable
7) Write the advantage of sine bar
Ans:• It is precise and accurate
• Its design is quite simple
• Availability of Sine bar is high
• It is available easily
• It is cheap.
8) Write the application of sine bar
Ans:•Checking flatness of a surface

• Locating work in required angle

 • Checking angle on taper keys
• Checking bevel gears
• Sine-bar is used to set or locate the workpiece at a given angle.
• To check the measuring of unknown angles in the workpiece
• Check the unknown angles on the heavier components.
• Some specially designed Sine bars are used to mount the workpiece to do the conical shape
machining for the workpiece

9) How to achieve accurate measurements with the Sine Bar?

Following are the factors which result in high accuracy for the Sine Bar

• The axes of the Setting rollers must be parallel to each other and parallel to the upper surface of
the Bar.
• The distance between the two rollers must be known value. (Size of the sine bar is determined
by this distance only).
• The flatness of the upper surface of the bar should be truly flat. And it should be parallel to the
surface which is contacted to the two setting rollers.
• The two setting rollers must be equal in diameter and round within very close tolerances.

Eight marks questions:

1) What is sine bar? Explain the principle of sine bar

Ans: Sine Bar is a Precision Angular Measuring Instrument to measure angles and to locate the work
or Job piece at a required angle very accurately to machining
The working of sine bar is based on trigonometry principle. To measure the angle of the
specimen, one roller of the sine bar is placed on the surface plate and another one roller is placed
over the surface of slip gauges. Now, ‘h’ be the height of the slip gauges and ‘L’ be the distance
between roller canters, then the angle is calculated as
h
sin θ =
l
h
θ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
l
 Where h=height of slip gauge, l=Centre distance between the sin bar rollers, θ=angle.
2) What is sine Centre? Explain sine Centre with neat sketch
Ans: A special type of sine bar is sine center which is used for conical objects having male and
female parts. It cannot measure the angle more than 45 degrees In the advanced type some holes
are drilled in the body of the bar to reduce the weight and facilitate handling. It is available in the
range of 0-100; 0-200; 0-300mm

It is the extension of sine bars where two ends are provided on which centers can be clamped, as
shown in Figure. These are useful for testing of conical work centered at each end, up to 60°. The
centers ensure correct alignment of the work piece. The procedure of setting is the same as for sine
bar. The dial indicator is moved on to the job till the reading is same at the extreme position. The
necessary arrangement is made in the slip gauge height and the angle is calculated as

h
θ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
l

3) Mansion the uses of sine bar explain any one

Ans:
 Measuring known angles or locating any work to a given angle
 Checking of unknown angles
  Checking of unknown angles of heavy component

Measuring known angles or locating any work to a given angle

For this purpose the surface plate is assumed to be having a perfectly flat surface, so that its surface
could be treated as horizontal. One of the cylinders or rollers of sine bar is placed on the surface
plate and other roller is placed on the slip gauges of height h. Let the sine bar be set at an angle θ.
Then sin θ = h/l, where l is the distance between the centers of the rollers. Thus knowing θ, h can
be found out and any work could be set at this angle as the top face of sine bar is inclined at angle θ
to the surface plate. The use of angle plates and clamps could also be made in case of heavy
components. For better results, both the rollers could also be placed on slip gauges, of height h1
and h2 respectively

h2−h1
Then, sinθ = ( )
l

4) How do you measure the angle 25⁰ using a combination of slip gauge and sine bar length is
200mm explain the details

Solution: Given data angle = θ =25⁰

Height of the slip gauge= h = ?

Length of the sine bar = l = 200mm

ℎ
Where Sinθ= 𝑙

ℎ
Sin25⁰ = 200

h = sin25 x 200

h = 84.523mm
5) An angle of 33⁰9’15” is to be measured with help of following standards angle gauge:
1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 41⁰
1' 3' 9' 27'
3" 6" 18" 30"

Solution: Degree = 27⁰ + 9⁰- 3⁰ =33⁰

Minutes = 9’ = 9’
Seconds = 18” - 3” =15

6) What will be angle of the job, if the slip gauge pack height is 17.36mm and size of sine bar is
200mm
Solution: Given data
Θ=?
Slip gauge height= h =17.36mm

Sine bar length= l =200mm

𝑎𝑝𝑝 Slip gauge height ℎ

SinΘ = = =𝑙
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

17.36
SinΘ = = 0.0868
200

Θ= Sin-1 0.0868

Θ= 4° 58' 46”

7) Build an angle of 57o 34’ 9”and also sketch the arrangement of gauges follow the set of given
below
Degree: 1⁰ 3⁰ 9⁰ 27⁰ 4127
Minutes: 1' 3' 9' 27'
Seconds: 3" 6" 18" 30"

Solution:
Degree = 41⁰ +27⁰ -9⁰+1⁰-3⁰ =57⁰
Minutes = 27’+9’-3’+1’ = 34’
Seconds = 6” + 3” =9