CPBT

PVT/GL-TILT-45 0C
PVT/GL-TILT-35 0C
PVT/GL-TILT-25 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-45 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-35 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-25 0C
PVT/GL+REF-45 0C
PVT/GL+REF-35 0C
PVT/GL+REF-25 0C
PVT/GL-45 0C
PVT/GL-35 0C
PVT/GL-25 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-45 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-35 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-25 0C
PVT/UNGL-45 0C
PVT/UNGL-35 0C
PVT/UNGL-25 0C

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

CPBT replacing gas

PVT/GL-TILT-45 0C
PVT/GL-TILT-35 0C
PVT/GL-TILT-25 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-45 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-35 0C
PVT/UNGL-TILT-25 0C
PVT/GL+REF-45 0C
PVT/GL+REF-35 0C
PVT/GL+REF-25 0C
PVT/GL-45 0C
PVT/GL-35 0C
PVT/GL-25 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-45 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-35 0C
PVT/UNGL + REF-25 0C
PVT/UNGL-45 0C
PVT/UNGL-35 0C
PVT/UNGL-25 0C

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Water PV/T collectors were first performed by Kern and Russel [1] at MIT in 1978. The above Fig:1
tell us the CPBT (CO2 Pay Back Time) for different PV/T systems with water as fluid. By comparing
them the PVT/GL and PVT/GL+REF gives less CPBT values than all at 25 0C ambient temperature while
replacing gas.
 EPBT replacing electricity EPBT replacing gas

0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5

0 C
0 C
25 25
L- 0 C L- 0 C
G 5
N N
G 5
U -3 0 U -3
T/ GL 5 C T/ GL 0 C
PV /UN L-4 V

Epbt
T G 0C P UN -45
PV /UN -250 C T/ L 0C
T EF 5 PV NG 25
/ U -
PV +R F-3 T EF 0 C
L
G E 0C PV +R -35
N R 5 L F 0C
/ U L+ F-4 0 C G
T G E U
N +RE 45
-
PV /UN +R -25 T/ GL EF 50 C
T GL L 0 C
P V N T/G 35
PV UN +R -2 0 C
U - T/ GL /GL 5
T/ PV GL 0 C PV UN VT L-3 0 C
PV T/ -45 T/ P /G 5
PV GL 50 C PV T -4
T/ -2 PV /GL 0 C
T -25
PV REF 50 C V
EPBTreplacing gas

3 P EF 0 C
L+ - R 5
G EF 0 C L+ -3
V
T/ +R 45
- G EF 0 C
P GL EF 0 C T/ +R 45
T/ +R 25 PV GL F- 0 C
PV GL LT- 0 C T/ RE 25
T/ -TI 35 PV GL+ LT- 0 C
PV GL LT- 0 C T/ -TI 35
N TI 45
U - PV GL LT- 0 C
N I 5
T/ GL T- 0 C U -T -4
PV UN -TIL -25 T/ GL ILT 0 C
/ V
T GL LT 0 C P UN -T -25
PV UN -TI -35 T/ GL LT 0 C
T/ /GL LT 0 C PV /UN -TI -35
PV VT -TI 45 T GL LT 0 C
P L T- PV T/ -TI -45
G PV /GL LT
T/ -TIL
V
P GL T -TI
T/ PV GL
PV T/
PV
 -- GWP at 100 yr Avoided for electricity
PVT/GL-TILT-45
PVT/GL-TILT-35
PVT/GL-TILT-25
PVT/UNGL-TILT-45
PVT/UNGL-TILT-35
PVT/UNGL-TILT-25
PVT/GL+REF-45
PVT/GL+REF-35
PVT/GL+REF-25
PVT/GL-45
PVT/GL-35
PVT/GL-25
PVT/UNGL+REF-45
PVT/UNGL+REF-35
PVT/UNGL+REF-25
PVT/UNGL-45
PVT/UNGL-35
PVT/UNGL-25

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
GWP at 100 yr Avoided for electricity

GWP at 100 yr Avoided for electricity and heat by gas saving

--
PVT/GL-TILT-45
PVT/GL-TILT-35
PVT/GL-TILT-25
PVT/UNGL-TILT-45
PVT/UNGL-TILT-35
PVT/UNGL-TILT-25
PVT/GL+REF-45
PVT/GL+REF-35
PVT/GL+REF-25
PVT/GL-45
PVT/GL-35
PVT/GL-25
PVT/UNGL+REF-45
PVT/UNGL+REF-35
PVT/UNGL+REF-25
PVT/UNGL-45
PVT/UNGL-35
PVT/UNGL-25

0 2 4 6 8 10
 EPBT [years](12 months air heating)
EPBT (6 months air+ 6 months water heating)

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
L
L G
G N
N U
U T/ F
T/ V
PV R EF P +RE
L
L+ G T
G LT N
N T / U -TIL
T/
U - TI
L L
PV NG GL
PV NG /GL
U U T/
T T/ PV F
T/ PV PV
P V EF RE
R L +
L+ G T
/ G LT T/ IL
T I PV L-T
PV L-T G
G F T/ REF
T/ +RE P V
S+ F
PV MS
F M E
EPBT [years](12 months air heating)

/ TF RE / TF + R
T S+ T S
EPBT (6 months air+ 6 months water heating)
PV FM EF PV TFM REF
T R T/ S +
V
T/ S +
PV M
P M TF
/TF T /
T PV
PV
 -- CPBT(12 months air heating)
PVT/TFMS-TILT

PVT/TFMS+REF

PVT/TFMS

PVT/GL-TILT

PVT/GL+REF

PVT/GL

PVT/UNGL-TILT

PVT/UNGL+REF

PVT/UNGL

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

CPBT(12 months air heating)

-- CPBT (6 months air + 6 months water heating)

PVT/TFMS-TILT

PVT/TFMS+REF

PVT/TFMS

PVT/GL-TILT

PVT/GL+REF

PVT/GL

PVT/UNGL-TILT

PVT/UNGL+REF

PVT/UNGL

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
CPBT (6 months air + 6 months water heating)
 -- GWP (air heating) at 100 yr
PVT/TFMS-TILT

PVT/TFMS+REF

PVT/TFMS

PVT/GL-TILT

PVT/GL+REF

PVT/GL

PVT/UNGL-TILT

PVT/UNGL+REF

PVT/UNGL

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
GWP (air heating) at 100 yr

-- GWP at 100 yr (6months air/6months water heating)

PVT/TFMS-TILT

PVT/TFMS+REF

PVT/TFMS

PVT/GL-TILT

PVT/GL+REF

PVT/GL

PVT/UNGL-TILT

PVT/UNGL+REF

PVT/UNGL

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
GWP at 100 yr (6months air/6months water heating)

FLUID reference EPBT [years] CPBT[years] GWP at 100 yr

LIQUID PVT/GL + REF-25 ◦C
0.8-1.0 0.8-1.3 9.98-17.00
LIQUID PVT/GL-25 ◦C
0.8-1.1 0.8-1.3 9.17-15.70
AIR PVT/GL 1.0-1.2 1.2-1.5 11.0-11.3
AIR PVT/GL+REF 0.9-1.1 1.2-1.4 11.9-12.3
[1] Kern EC, Russell MC. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar energy systems. Report. MIT, 1978.