Regional Sports Arena

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA
AT TIRUPUR,TAMILNADU
THESIS REPORT
Submitted By
PRIYA.R
(311716251061)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
MOHAMED SATHAK A. J. ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE,

CHENNAI - 603103
Affiliated to
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI – 600025
April 2021
REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 1

MOHAMED SATHAK A J ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
Approved by Council of Architecture & affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA” is the
bonafide work of PRIYA.R (311716251061) who carried out the project work under
my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported
here does not form part of any other project / research work on the basis of which a
degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.
CAMPUS DIRECTOR PROF. DR. A. MOHAMMED HARIS

Dean Of College
PROF. MEERAN ABDUS SAMAD PROF. H. MOHAMMED IDRIS

Design Chair Principal
PROF. T. SATHISH KUMAR PROF. SUJITH

Head of Department Thesis supervisor and Guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the process of completing this thesis proposal, a number of people have helped
along the way. I wish to express my appreciation towards all the staff members who
lent their helping hand.
I am thankful to my honorable dean, Prof. A. Mohammed Haris, for his continuous

support and encouragement. I am also thankful to the director of the campus, Mr. S.
M. Hamid Ali.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my principal, Prof. H. Mohammed Idris

and the head of department, Prof. T. Sathish Kumar for their guidance throughout
the project
I am thankful to Prof. Meeran Abdus Samad (External Guide), for his constant
guidance and friendly interactions throughout this design process that helped in the
better understanding of my design.
I would also like to thank Ar. Sujith (Coordinator), for their timely discussion,
encouragement, unconditional guidance, support and sincere advice throughout the
completion of my project.
I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to all the people who have helped through
the case studies for the project, with relevant information and assistance.
My sincere gratitude and thanks to my parents and family members, who stood
beside me as pillars of support, throughout, providing their continuous motivation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT 7
I. Synopsis preamble
1.1 Need for study

1.2 Aim
1.3 Objective
1.4 Scope
1.5 Limitation
II. Data collection and research studies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Evolution of stadiums
2.3 Classified sports and requirements
2.3.1 outdoor sports
2.3.2 indoor sports
2.3.3 aquatic sports
2.3.4 combat sports
2.4 Stadia design and requirements
2.5 TNDCR norms and standards
2.6 Case studies
2.6.1 Trivandrum international
stadium, Karyavattam,
Thiruvandrum, Kerala (net case
study)
2.6.3 Jawaharlal Nehru stadium,

Chennai (live case study)
2.6.4 Jawaharlal Nehru indoor
stadium, Chennai (live case study)
2.6.5 Comparative analysis
III. Special study-Textile architure
3.1 Introduction
3.2 properties of textile architecture
3.3application of textile structure
3.4 types of textile structures
3.5 form of the tensile structure
3.6 types of fabrics used in architectural

structures
3.7properties of fabric
IV. Site analysis –Tiruppur
4.1 Site location
4.2 General information
4.3 Proximity of public mode of

transportation
4.4 Views from the site
4.5 Climatic analysis
4.6 Soil type
4.7 Topography

4.8 Geology
4.9 Drainage
4.10 Site comparison
V. Design Process
5.1 Drawings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Bibliography

LIST OF FIGURES::
Fig 1: Sunken stadium at Athens
Fig 2: The U-shaped sunken stadium at Athens, first built in 331 BC for the staging
of foot races
Fig 3: The Colosseum of Rome (AD 82) was built for gladiatorial combat
Fig 4: Circus Maximus in Rome (4rth century BC)
Fig 5: White City stadium in London (1908) was the first modern Olympic stadium
Fig 6: The Berlin Olympic stadium
Fig 7: New Tottenham Stadium Retractable Field
Fig 8: Football Field dimension
Fig 9: Athletic field dimension
Fig 10: Athletic track requirement
Fig 11 : High Jump Field Dimensions
Fig 12: Pole Vault Dimension
Fig 13: Triple jump pole dimension
Fig 14 : Discuss Throw field dimension
Fig 15: Javelin Field dimension
Fig 16: Shot Put Field Dimension
Fig 17: Badminton Court dimension
Fig 18: Basketball court dimension
Fig 19: Handball Court dimension
Fig 20: Archery Court dimension

Fig 21: Gymnastics Mat dimension
Fig 22: Area requirement for Specific Gymnastics criteria
Fig 23: Squash court
Fig 24: Table Tennis Dimension
Fig 25: Swimming Pool Dimension
Fig 26: Diving Pool Dimension
Fig 27: Weightlifting Court Dimension
Fig 28: Kumite court dimension
Fig 29: Kata Court Dimension
Fig 30: Boxing court Dimension
Fig 31: Wrestling court dimension
Fig 32: Judo court dimension
Fig 33: Taekwondo square court
Fig 34: Taekwondo Octagonal court
Fig 35: kabadi court dimension
Fig 36: Kho-Kho Court Dimension
Fig 37: The ideal orientation of the field
Fig 38: The zoning in the master plan of the stadium
Fig 39: Elements of a typical natural grass playing surfaces
Fig 40: Fence design
Fig 41: Moat design
Fig 41: The ‘bullring’ solution, or level change

Fig 42: Playing field with optimum, maximum viewing distances
Fig 43: Calculation of N (The riser height)
Fig 44: Minimum seat dimensions.
Fig 45: Dimensional standards for seats and standing areas
Fig 46: Minimum recommendations for cinemas, concert halls and similar buildings
Fig 47: Trivandrum International Stadium aerial view
Fig 48: Facility radius map (Within 10km): (1) International airport, (2) Central
Railway station, (3) Central Bus stand, (4) NH 47, (5) The sports hub.
Fig 49: Land use map: (1) Commercial, (2) Residential, (3) Stadium and complex,
(4) Educational
Fig 50: Stadium Access routes
Fig 51: Trivandrum international road (a); Trivandrum international road (b)
Fig 52: Landmark at the Trivandrum International Stadium Road junction; Pedestrian
walkway to the stadium
Fig 53: Reserved Street side parking for paid parking and VIPs
Fig 54: Entrance Map Services road Entrance
Fig 55: VIP Entrance (left);Main Entrance courtyard (right)
Fig 56: Stadium Main Entrance
Fig 57: Schematic Plan
Fig 58: VIPs parking(left); The Club house (right)
Fig 59: Stadium Aerial view labeled
Fig 60:West and East Tiers with pavilion view
Fig 61: North pavilion

Fig 62& 63: cooperate rooms; wall of fame hall of area 17437sqft
Fig 64: Northern pavilion -1180sq.ft of toughen glass walled private cabin
Fig 65 & 66: VIPs rooms; Cafeteria and corporate rooms
Fig 67: South pavilion view
Fig 68, 69 & 70: Stadium open terrace; concourse indoor stalls; corporate offices.
Fig 71: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse (a)
Fig 72: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse aerial views render
Fig 73: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse (b)
Fig 74: Club house Northern elevation
Fig 75: The club house South elevation
Fig 76: The club house section
Fig 77: The club house East elevation
Fig 78 & 79: Swimming pool; Multi indoor sports hall
Fig80 &81: Squash courts; café
Fig 82: Banquet halls
Fig 83 & 84: Event halls; Cinema Theater
Fig 85&86: Gym; the kids play room
Fig 87: Cultural sport complex
Fig 88: Site-satellite image
Fig 89: South Elevation view from the south garden
Fig 90: Site plan and the neighborhood landscape
Fig 91: conceptual design process

Fig 92: Axonometric view of the complex
Fig 92: Section AA
Fig 93: Section BB
Fig 94: Section CC; Section DD
Fig 95, 96 &97: (1) Main Access to the Complex; (2) Atrium; (3) Access to the
Atrium
Fig 98: Floor plans (Basement 1 and basement 2)
Fig 99 & 100: Atrium view towards west; Atrium view towards south
Fig 101 & 102: Ramps in the northern façade (a); Ramps in the northern façade (b)
Fig 103: Ground floor plan and First floor plan
Fig104 & 105: North Elevation; West Elevation
Fig 106 & 107: South Elevation; East Elevation
Fig 108 : Second floor plan, Third floor plan and Fourth floor plan
Fig 109 & 110: Workshop; Conference hall
Fig 111: Indoor pool (1); Gym(2); Multipurpose hall(3); Table tennis room(4)
Fig112 &113: Outdoor track on terrace; Fitness centre
Fig 114: Dining overlooking the atrium(1); locker(2); ramp(3); canteen(4),common

space (5).
Fig 115: West Elevation(1); South Elevation(2); East Elevation(3)
Fig116 : Fivth floor plan and Roof plan
Fig 117: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Aerial view (a)
Fig 118: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Aerial view (b)

Fig 119: Site and Neighborhood land use
Fig 120: Main entrance of the stadium
Fig 121: Public entrance around the premises
Fig 122 &123: Main entrance façade; Parking
Fig 124: (1) North emergency entry to the field; (2) South emergency entry; (3) The
emergency entry to the track directly.
Fig 125,126 &127: VIP and Athletes direct entry to the field
Fig 128: Emergency staircase.
Fig 129: The VIP stage and seating tier.
Fig 130: The double seating tiers of the stadium with its concrete roofing.
Fig 131: Schematic Master plan of the stadium.
Fig 132: The Stadium view from the upper seating tier.
Fig 133 & 134: The stadium overall view from the track; the gallery staircase
Fig 135: The Bottom seating tier.
Fig 136 & 137: Gallery entry facing the concourse; Gallery entry facing the field
Fig 138: gallery restrooms(1); multimedia room(2); buffet food stall(3); common
toilet(4)
Fig 139 & 140: Control rooms; admin offices
Fig 141 &142: Conference rooms and sports federation offices
Fig 143: The fitness centre (1); Indoor gym (2); Physiotherapy checking rooms (3)
Fig 144 & 145: Guest rooms for officials; hostel for athletes
Fig 146 &147: Kitchen and canteen for the athletes

Fig 148: beach ball court(1); Volley ball courts(2); Throw ball court(3); Athletic
track(4).
Fig 149: Façade of the complex from the main entry
Fig 150: Main entrance of the complex
Fig 151: Interior of stadium
Fig 152: Site map
Fig 153 & 154: Administrative office entrance; Back entrance for the VIP.
Fig 155 &156: Admin office lobby
Fig 157 & 158: The VIP lobby; The VIP Suite
Fig 159: The indoor stadium view (a)
Fig 160: Seating plan of the indoor stadium
Fig 161 & 162: The indoor stadium view (a); View from the Northeast entrance
Fig 163 & 164: The south west entrance; the control rooms
Fig 165 & 166: The entrance to the stadium with control room entries on either side;
the roof system.
Fig 166 & 167: control rooms; the VIP entry to the stadium
Fig 168: circulation around the complex.
Fig 169 & 170: Outdoor boxing ring; Basket ball courts.
Fig 171 & 172: Hostel; Circulation around the complex
Fig 173: The Hydrotherapy and squash complex with viewing gallery.
Fig 174: East Gate for the Training
Fig 175: athletic track (1) ; The Hydrotherapy and squash complex (2) ;2 outdoor
throw ball courts(3); football field(4)

Fig 176: The Hydrotherapy pool
Fig 177 &178: The kid’s pool; pump room.
Fig 179: The squash courts entrance(1); The Squash courts lobby(2); the mezzanine
floor gallery viewing (3)
Fig 180: The badminton complex
Fig 181: the badminton courts; the viewing gallery
Fig 182: Common toilet; Separate entry for the viewing gallery.
Fig 183: basket ball courts near badminton complex
Fig 184: Handball court
Fig 185: The skating ring court.
Fig 186: application of textile structure
Fig 187: Tensioned membrane
Fig 188 & 189: Types of Air supported structures; comparison of different types of
structural variable.
Fig 190: Type of fabric
Fig 191: Comparison of PVC AND PTFE
Fig 192 & 193: Properties analysis (a) & (b);properties comparison chart
Fig 194: District map; Palladam taluk (Site area)
Fig 195: Site map with site dimension.
Fig 196 : Abutting road and its width
Fig 197: Northwest view
Fig 198: South view

Fig 199: North view
Fig 200: Temperature analysis
Fig 201 &202: Precipitation and wind analysis
Fig 203: Types of soil throughout Tiruppur
Fig 204: Contour map
Fig 205: Geology map

ABSTRACT
“WE CANNOT ALWAYS BUILD THE FUTURE FOR OUR YOUTH,
BUT WE CAN BUILD OUR YOUTH FOR THE FUTURE.”
- FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVEL
Sports have a huge impact on our lives. It instills discipline in us, makes us active,
energetic and increases our mental, emotional and physical state. And in a nation of
wide range of culture and heritage, sports activities play a vital role in our lifestyle as
each sport is celebrated and uplifted with its bond to its traditional roots.
India being the second most populous country the aptitude for sports is inherent in
large part of its people even when only a handful of them are acknowledged. The
sense of physical activity receives no respect and recognition as a professional and
productive discipline. This perspective not only suppresses the hidden talent in our
future generations but also in the development of global sports standards. Hence the
contribution of infrastructure, awareness, media and people is vital for providing an
opportunity for exceeding in the field of sports.

CHAPTER 1: SYNOPSIS PREABLE
1.1 NEED FOR STUDY

Stadia are amazing buildings. They can help to shape our towns and cities more than
almost any other building type in history, and at the same time put a community on
the map. They have become an essential ingredient in the urban matrix that pulls our
cities together and in so doing provide a focus for our aspirations. They are also
probably the most ‘viewed’ building type in history thanks to the Olympics and other
global sporting events. They change people’s lives and may come to represent a
nation’s aspirations.
Therefore the requirements for operation of each stadium after the mega-event are of
great importance to ensure sustainable integration into the urban, environmental and
social context as well as maximized utilization on a long-term basis.
1.2 AIM
An inter-regional sports training facility supporting every level of athletic training.
Exploring native and cultural Tamil sports and encouraging the society to engage for
a positive sports culture by catering for the physical and mental therapy and
relaxation needs for the athletes.
A centre fully equipped for every need of athlete (kids to teen athletes) for every
stage of his training and competition. A centre with no gender, age or disability
barriers. The athletes training for their competition are to be facilitated therapy and
relaxation centre preparing them for their endowers both physically and mentally.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
 To create training facility for kids to develop their motory senses and train
them for future advanced sports activity

 To provide both indoors and outdoors sports training courts with seating
space for spectators
 Specially designed courts for disabled athletes to encourage and provide same
opportunities as the rest
 Training centre for generic games without any gender or age restriction.
 To cultivate local and native sports of Tamil Nadu by training courts and
public gallery educating the lost art history.
 To develop the neighborhood by providing infrastructure for inter- regional

competitions and events in advanced standards in Tiruppur
1.4 SCOPE
Sports included in the training and competition courts
 Indoor sports : Badminton, basket ball, squash, table tennis, handball,

volleyball, gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, weight lifting, archery
 Water sports: Swimming, diving
 Outdoor sports: Football ground, cricket ground, athletics (running track,
long jump, shot put, disk throw, javelin throw, pole vault)
 Native sports cum : Martial arts kabadi, kho-kho, silambam, karate, judo
 TRAINING DIVISION
 Junior play centre (age 5-15) recreational sports and skill development
 Indoor courts
 Water sports
 Outdoor courts
 Native sports cum martial arts courts
 Physical training gym - canteen / food court

 THERAPY AND RELAXING DIVISION
 Medical facility in
 Physiotherapy
 Yoga and meditation
 Massage and acupuncture
 Rehabilitation for sports injuries
 COMPETITION COURTS
 Indoor courts (with seating for audience)
 Water sports (with seating for audience)
 Outdoor courts (with seating for audience) - native sports cum martial arts
courts (with seating for audience) - accommodation rooms inter-districts
competitors and audience - audience gallery (for competitions and events)
1.5 LIMITATION
 Structural and construction details of courts

 Structural detail plan for the stadium construction
 Hostel and accommodation rooms for local students

CHAPTER 2: DATA COLLECTION AND
RESEACH STUDIES
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Sports stadiums have a considerable impact on the urban, environmental and social
context. In particular, where several new stadiums are built within the same city for a
single mega-event like the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or Soccer World
Cup the implications are significantly higher.
2.2 EVOLUTION OF STADIUMS
Sports and leisure facilities are one of the great historic building types, representing
some of the very earliest works of architecture (Greek stadia), some of the most
pivotal (Roman amphitheatres and thermae), and some of the most beautiful (from
the Colosseum in Rome to the Olympic Park in Munich twenty centuries later).
 GREEK:
Greek stadia (foot racecourses) were laid out in a U-shape, with the straight end
forming the startline. These stadia varied somewhat in length, the one at Delphi
being just under 183m long and that at Olympia about 192m.
Stadia built on the flat existed at Ephesus, Delphi and Athens. The one at Delphi was
almost 183m long by 28m wide, had
a shallow bank of seats along one
side and around the curved end, and
the judges’ seats were at the
midpoint of the long side – very
much as in a modern facility.
Fig 1: Sunken stadium at Athens

Fig 2: The U-shaped sunken stadium at Athens, first built in 331 BC for the staging
of foot races
The stadium at Athens was first built in 331 BC, reconstructed in AD 160 and
reconstructed again in 1896 for the first modern Olympic Games. In this form it can
still be seen, accommodating up to 50 000 people in 46 rows. While modern large
capacity, roofed stadia can seldom have the simple forms used in ancient Greece,
there are occasions when the quiet repose of these beautiful antecedents could be
emulated.
 ROMAN:
The militaristic Romans were more interested in public displays of mortal combat
than in races and athletic events, and to accommodate this spectacle they developed a
new amphitheatrical form: an elliptical arena surrounded on all sides by highrising
tiers of seats enabling the maximum number of spectators to have a clear view of the
terrible events staged before them.
The term ‘arena’ is derived from the Latin word for ‘sand’ or ‘sandy land’, referring
to the layer of sand that was spread on the activity area to absorb spilled blood.
The Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome, better known as the Colosseum from the eighth
century onwards, is the greatest exemplar of this building type and has seldom been
surpassed to this day as a rational fusion of engineering, theatre and art. Construction
began in AD 70 and finished 12 years later.

The structure formed a giant ellipse of
189m by 155m and rose to a height of
four storey’s, accommodating 48 000
people – a stadium capacity that would
not be exceeded until the twentieth
century.
Spectators had good sightlines to the

arena below, the latter being an ellipse
of roughly 88m by 55m bounded by a
4.6 m high wall.
Fig 3: The Colosseum of Rome (AD 82) was built for gladiatorial combat
As the Greek theatre led to the Roman amphitheatre, so the Greek hippodrome led to
the Roman circus. These circuses were U-shaped equestrian racecourses with the
straight end forming the entrance and accommodating the stalls for horses and
chariots.
Fig 4: Circus Maximus in Rome (4rth century BC)

 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
The stadium as a building type saw a revival after the industrial revolution. There
was a growing demand for mass spectator events from the public, there were
entrepreneurs who wished to cater for this demand and there were new structural
technologies to facilitate the construction of stadia or enclosed halls
 TWENTIETH-CENTURY
Olympic stadia: In 1908 the games were held in London, where the White City
stadium was built for the purpose, the architect being James Fulton. It was a
functional building accommodating over 80 000 spectators, had a steel frame, and
was the first designed
modern Olympic
stadium.
Fig 5: White City stadium in London (1908) was the first modern Olympic stadium
In 1936 the city of Berlin did finally host the Olympic Games. The Nazis had
recently assumed power and built the stadium of 1913 to a great oval structure
accommodating 110 000 spectators including 35000 standees in 71 rows.
Fig 6: The Berlin Olympic stadium

In 1964 the Olympics were held in Tokyo. The Jingu National Stadium, first built in
1958, was extended for the occasion but, as in Rome, two smaller fully-enclosed
halls caught international attention. These were Kenzo Tange’s Swimming Arena
and Sports Arena seating 4000 and 15 000 spectators respectively.
 NOW AND FUTURE
Stadium designs have become more complex as well as more imaginative, in terms
of architecture, structural systems, and materials used. Designers are inventing newer
and stronger materials to implement in awe-inspiring structural designs.
Such as the incorporation of moving roofs which are becoming the norm and are
being implemented in new construction as well as stadium renovations.
Fig 7: New Tottenham Stadium Retractable Field
Stadiums are also being equipped with movable pitches, like the New Tottenham
Stadium Retractable Field. With the option of having a fully roofed facility and a
field natural grass, "stadiums have been evolving from one-sport stadiums to multi-
use venues, and have additionally needed to meet the demands of the new era of
media involvement.

2.3 CLASSIFIED SPORTS AND REQUIREMENTS
2.3.1 OUTDOOR SPORTS
 FOOTBALL
The playing surface is oval in shape, 135m to 185m long and 110m to 155m wide.
The preferred senior oval size is 165m x 135m as this provides the greatest flexibility
to cater for all standards of play. The preferred minimum distance for existing
facilities is 5m for state league, 4m
for regional and 3m for local level
facilities, however where new ovals
are to be constructed it is encouraged
that the higher run-off distance of 5m
be provided where possible.
Goal: two posts, called goal posts, a

minimum height of 6m, are placed at
each end of the playing surface 6.4m
apart. This measurement is taken
from the inside point of the goal post
at ground level.
Fig 8: Football Field dimension
 ATHELETIC
The athletics tracks are multi-purpose with the interior of the 400m track used fir
pitch for football, rugby, throw events, etc. Lanes are 1.22m wide to the centre of the
markings.
Marking of the 400m standard track: all lanes are marked by white lines. The line on
the right hand side of each lane, in the direction of running, is included in the
measurement of the width of each lane.

Fig 9: Athletic field dimension
All start lines (except for curved start lines) and the finish line are marked at right
angles to the lane lines. Immediately before the finish line, the lanes are marked with
numbers with a minimum height of 0.50m. All markings are 0.05m wide.
Fig 10: Athletic track requirement

All distances are measured in a clockwise direction from the edge of the finish line
nearer to the start to the edge of the start line farther from the finish. The data for
staggered starts for the track (constant lane width of 1.22m) is shown in the table
below.
 ATHLETICS JUMPING EVENTS

 LONG JUMP
The long jump facility includes a runway, a take-off board and a landing area.
Usually, it is placed outside the track along one of the straights with two adjacent
runways with a landing area at each end.
Runway: The runway is 40m minimum long, 1.22m ± 0.01m wide and is measured
from the beginning of the runway to the take-off line.
Take-off board: The take-off board is a white rectangle and measures 1.22m ±
0.01m long and 0.20m ± 0.002m wide and not more than 0.10m deep.
Landing area: The landing area is 7-9m long depending on the distance between its
nearest end and the take-off line. It is 2.75m wide. Generally, a landing area 8m long
placed 2m from the take-off line is recommended. The landing area has a water
permeable substructure or a suitable drainage system (draining well or canal
connection) and filled with sand to a depth of not less than 0.30m at the edges and
slightly deeper at the centre.
 HIGH JUMP
The semicircular runway, with a radius of at least 20m, will permit approaches from
every direction. If it is necessary to remove the kerb temporarily in order to be able
to use the oval track as a runway, care must be taken to ensure that the heights of the
surfaces of the oval track and the segment are the same along the track border.

Uprights: They must be 4.02m
± 0.02m apart.
Landing area: The landing mats

measure not less than 6m x 4m
and are covered by a spike proof
protective mat. The overall
height is a minimum 0.70m.
Fig 11 : High Jump Field Dimensions
 POLE VAULT
Runway for pole vault with box: The runway is a minimum of 40m long and is
measured from beginning of the runway to the 0-line. The runway is 1.22m ± 0.01m
wide.
Uprights: The two uprights must

be installed on horizontal bases,
level with the 0-line, not less than
0.80m towards the landing area
or in fixed sockets with movable
cross bar supports. They are not
less than 5.20m apart with
approximately 0.10m between
each upright and the landing mat.
Fig 12: Pole Vault Dimension
Landing mats: For major international competitions, the landing area is a minimum
of 6m long (excluding the front pieces), 6m wide and 0.80m high. The front pieces
must be at least 2m long. The sides of the landing area nearest to the box are 0.10m--
0.15m from the box and slope away from the box at an angle of approximately 45°.

 TRIPLE JUMP
For international
competition, it is
recommended that the take--
off board is not less than 13m
for men and 11m for women
from the nearer end of the
landing area
Fig 13: Triple jump pole dimension
 ATHLETICS THROWING EVENTS
 DISCUS THROW
The discus throw includes a throwing circle, protective cage and landing sector. They
are located near the ends of the back straight and the landing sector is located in the
grass area inside the track.
The protective cage must meet the more stringent

requirements for hammer throwing. If two
separate discus and hammer circles are placed
within the hammer protective cage then the discus
throw circle is the circle closer to the landing
sector.
The throwing circle is made of band iron, steel or

other suitable material, the top of which is flush
with the ground outside or the synthetic surface or
concrete surround. The interior of the circle is
constructed of concrete and must not be slippery.
Fig 14 : Discuss Throw field dimension

 JAVELIN
The runway is 30m minimum long and measured

from the beginning of the runway to rear edge of the
side markings outside the runway at the same level
as the throwing arc. It is marked by two parallel
white lines 0.05m wide and 4m apart. The runway is
covered with the same surface as the track.
Landing sector: the sector lines are laid from the

centre point on the runway through the cross points
of the throwing arc and the lines of the runway. The
length of the sector is 100m. At this distance the
inner edges of the sector lines are 50m apart. The
marking of the sector lines extends to a distance
appropriate to the competition.
Fig 15: Javelin Field dimension
 SHOT PUT
Recommended area – ground space 2100 sqft minimum
Size of the field: shot put circle is 2.134 m in dia. Throwing circle is 45 degree angle
and 21.33m min radius.
Throwing circle is formed of

band iron or steel angle 76mm
* 50mm * 6mm sunk flush with
the ground outside. The surface
within the circle is to be 2cm
lower than the outside level and
surfaced wit h concrete.
Fig 16: Shot Put Field Dimension

2.3.2 INDOOR SPORTS
 BADMINTON :
Size of the field: Singles court: 5.2 m * 13.5 m
Doubles court: 6.1 m * 13.5 m
Post: 1.55m high from the surface of the courts.
Net: 0.76m in depth and minimum of 6.1m wide.

Top of the net from the surface of the court is
1.524 m at the centre and 1.55 m over the side
lines for doubles.
Surface: concrete or bituminous material with

optional protective colour coating or turf court
for recreational use.
Fig 17: Badminton Court dimension
 BASKETBALL
Recommended area: ground space

required 448 sqm minimum to 540 sqm
including clear space.
Size of the field: 14m * 26 m with

unobstructed space of 1 to 2m on all sides
Fig: Basketball Court dimension
Lines: all lines are 5 cm wide in white and

clearly visible.
Fig 18: Basketball court dimensions

Spectators: all spectators must be seated at a distance of at least 5m from the outer
edge of the boundary line of the playing court.
Surface: concrete or bituminous material with optional protective colour coating.

Safety backboard is to be 1.65 m from the support post. Post must be padded.
 HANDBALL
Size of the field: 40m long and 20 m wide with two goal areas. There is a safety
zone surrounding the playing court with 1m width minimum alone the side lines
(longer lines) and 2n behind the goal lines (shorter lines)
Goals: The goal’s opening

measures 3 meters by 2
meters. The thickness of
the posts should be 8
centimeters. A post should
be colored in two
alternating colors so that it
is visible by the outfield
players clearly. A net
should always be tethered
to the posts.
Fig 19: Handball Court dimension
Lines: the goal lines are 8cm wide between the goal posts. All other lines are 5cm
wide.
 ARCHERY
Indoor target archery is shot at 18 or 25m, using the same targets as outdoor target
archery. The venue generally has a polished wooden floor or a concrete floor and the
range layout similar to outdoor field archery. The number of targets in an indoor
range depends on the width of the activity hall. Each archer requires a minimum of

80cm of space when on the shooting line.
Behind the targets there must be a safe
arrow stop device, known as a special arrow
stop curtain.
At 5m behind the shooting line there is a

waiting line. If the space available is
restricted, this can be reduced to 3m but
safety must not be jeopardized. Behind the
waiting line there is space for the archers
shooting equipment. Behind this area is a
competitor’s area, which accommodates
archers, team managers and coaches. A total
length of about 30m is required for an
indoor facility.
Fig 20: Archery Court dimension
 GYMNATICS.
Landing mats: the thickness of the mats for pommel is 100mm and for all other
events, 200mm.
The standard performance area for both

men and women is 12m x 12m.
The border is 100cm minimum and where

there is a delimitation strip between the
performance area and the border, the strip is
5cm wide and included as part of the
performance area
Fig 21: Gymnastics Mat dimension

Fig 22: Area requirement for Specific Gymnastics criteria
There are six competitive: Apparatus in the mag:
 Floor
 Pommel horse
 Rings
 Vault
 Parallel bars
 Horizontal bar
There are four competitive apparatus in women’s artistic gymnastics:
 Vault
 Uneven bars
 Beam
 Floor

 SQUASH COURT
A squash court is rectangle bon with four walls of varying height.
The front wall line, side wall

line, back wall line and upper 50
mm of the tin are spaced to
deflect any ball that strikes them.
The length, width and diagonal
of the court are measured at a
height of 10cm above the floor.
Fig 23: Squash court
 TABLE TENNIS
The upper surface of

the table, known as
the playing surface, is
2.74m long and
1.525m wide and is
horizontal 76cm
above the floor.
Fig 24: Table Tennis Dimension
The playing surface does not include the vertical sides of the tabletop.
The playing surface yields a uniform bounce of about 23cm when a standard ball is
dropped on to it from a height of 30cm.
The playing surface is a matte surface and dark colored. There is a white side line,
2cm wide, along each 2.74m edge and a white end line, 2cm wide, along each
1.525m edge. The playing surface is divided into two equal courts by a vertical net

parallel to the end lines. For doubles, each court is divided into two equal half courts
by a white centre line, 3mm wide, running parallel with the side lines. The centre
line forms part of each right half court.
2.3.3 AQUATIC SPORTS

 SWIMMING
Standard pools are either 50m or 25m in length.
Depth: For pools with starting blocks, the minimum depth is 1.35m, extending to at
least 6.0m. A minimum depth of 1.0 metre is required for pools without starting
block.
Walls: The end walls are at

right angles to the swimming
course and surface of the
water. They are made of a
solid material, with a non–slip
surface extending 0.8m below
the water surface, to allow
competitors to touch and push
off in turning without hazard.
Fig 25: Swimming Pool Dimension
Water temperature: the water temperature is between 250 and 28° Celsius
 DIVING
The minimum size for a diving pool is 25m wide and 20m long. The overall
dimensions can be increased to suit other activities such as synchronized swimming
and water polo.

A competition pool is equipped with two 1m and two 3m springboards and a diving
tower with take-off platforms at 5m, 7.5m and 10m. Platforms also exist at 1m and
3m heights as training
tools. The basic measuring
point used is the plummet
line. This is a vertical line
extending through the
centre point of the front
edge of the diving
springboard. There are two
types of diving boards—
springboard and platform.
Fig 26: Diving Pool Dimension
2.3.4 COMBAT SPORTS

 WEIGHTLIFTING
Competition platform: the platform is a 4m square and made of wood, plastic or any
solid material and covered with a non-slip material. The height of the platform is
between 50mm and 150mm.If the floor
surrounding the platform is the same or similar
color, the top edge of the platform must have a
different colored 150mm line.
A clear one metre area surrounding the platform
is compulsory. This area must be flat and free
from any obstacles. If the platform is above
ground level, a restraining bar at least the width
of the platform must be fixed to the stage, at
least one metre in front of the platform.
Fig 27: Weightlifting Court Dimension

Warm-up platform: the warm-up platform is 3m wide and 2.5-3m long.
 KARATE
World Karate Federation (WKF) competition has two disciplines: Sparring (kumite)
and Forms (kata). Both competition areas are flat and devoid of hazards. Competitors
may enter either as individuals or as part of a team.
Kumite competition area: the competition area is an 8m square with an additional 2m

on all sides as a safety area. A line half a metre
long must be drawn 2m from the centre of the
competition area for positioning the referee.
Two parallel lines each one metre long and at
right angles to the referee’s line are drawn at a
distance of 1.5m from the centre of the
competition area for positioning the competitors.
Fig 28: Kumite court dimension
Kata competition area: the competition area for

kumite is used for kata. The chief judge sits in
the centre position facing the contestants and the
other four judges are seated at the corners of the
competition area.
Fig 29: Kata Court Dimension
 BOXING
For all AIBA Competitions, the ring is 6.10m square inside the line of the ropes. The
size of the apron extends 85cm outside the line of the ropes on each side, including
additional canvas necessary to tighten and secure it. The height of the ring is 100cm
from the ground. The platform is 7.80m squared, level and free from any obstructing

projection. It is fitted with four corner posts with 4 corner pads to prevent injury to
the boxers.
The floor is covered with felt, rubber or

other suitably approved material that is
soft in quality and elasticity. It is not be
less than 1.5cm and no more than 2.0cm
thick. The canvas is made of non-slip
material and covers the entire platform.
The canvas is colored pantone blue 299.
Fig 30: Boxing court Dimension
 WRESTLING
A new Fila approved mat has a 9m diameter and a 1.5m border and is mandatory in
Olympic Games, championships and cups. For all other international competitions
mats must be approved/sanctioned but not necessarily new.
A red band, one metre wide, forms an

integral part of the wrestling area. It is drawn
along the circumference on the inside of the
9m circle. This is known as the red zone. The
central circle in the middle of the mat is one
metre in diameter. The inside part of the mat
inside the red circle is the central wrestling
area. It is 7m in diameter. The protection area
is 1.5m wide.
Fig 31: Wrestling court dimension
Surrounding the central circle is a band 10cm wide. For Greco roman wrestling an
8cm wide line splits the circle into two parts. Two perpendicular lines, 40cm from
each other, are called inside hand line and inside line. The colour of the lines is red.

The diagonally opposite corners of the mat are marked in the wrestler’s colors, red
and blue. The covering and free space around the mat is 2m. The colour of the
protection area is different than the mat. For all Olympic Games, world and
continental championships, the mats are installed on a platform not higher than 1.1m
or lower than 0.50m.
 JUDO
The competition area is a minimum of 14m x 14m and is divided into two zones. The
inner zone called the contest area is a minimum of 8m x 8m to a maximum of 10m x
10m. The outer zone is the safety area and is a minimum of 3m wide.
The contest area is a different colour to the safety area. When using two or more
adjoining competition areas, the common
or shared safety area is 4m.
A free zone, a minimum of 50cm, must be
maintained around the entire competition
area.
Tatamis: the competition area is covered

by a tatamis or similar material. The
tatamis is made of pressed foam and is 1m
x 2m or 1m x 1m.
Fig 32: Judo court dimension
 TEAKWONDO
The contest area is a flat, non-slip mat. The contest area can be installed on a
platform 0.6m-1m high from the base.
The colour scheme of the mat’s surface must avoid giving a harsh reflection, or tiring
the contestant’s or spectator’s eyesight. The colour scheme is also appropriately
matched to the contestant’s equipment, uniform and the surface of the contest area.

There are two shapes used on competition. In both shapes the contest area and safety
area are different colours.
Square shape: This competition area includes the

contest area and safety area. The contest area is a 8m
x 8m square and a safety area of 2m to 4m. The total
size of the competition area which includes the
contest area and safety area is 10m x 10m to a
maximum of 12m x 12m
Fig 33: Taekwondo square court
Octagonal shape: The competition area is a

minimum of 10m x 10m to a maximum of 12m x
12m. At the centre of the competition area is an
octagonal shaped contest area. The contest area
measures 8m in diameter and each side of the
octagon is 3.3m long. Between the outer line of
the competition area and boundary line of the
contest area is the safety area.
Fig 34: Taekwondo Octagonal court
2.3.5 NATIVE SPORTS

 KABADI
Field of play means the area which shall be covered with the akfi approved playing
mats measuring a minimum of 17 meters x 18 meters and maximum of 20 meters x
20 meters. Court means the area on which the pro kabadi matches shall be conducted
measuring 13 meters x 10 meters.

Court is within the field of play, represented
through lines. End line means the four
boundary lines forming the court together.
All end lines shall be of 3 to 5 cm width.

Lobby means the yellow stripes on both sides
of the court measuring 1 meter in width.
Fig 35: kabadi court dimension
 KHO-KHO
Total area requirement is 30m x 19m inclusive of lobby from all sides measuring
1.5m wide. Playing Area is 27m x 16m inclusive of 1.5m x 16m of free zone behind
both poles. Pole Distance is 24m and the Central lane joining two poles measuring
24m length x 30cm width.
There are 8 Cross lanes

intersecting the central
lane each lane measuring
16m x 35m. Pole’s height
above ground level is
120cm to 125cm and
Diameter 9 to 10cm.
Fig 36: Kho-Kho Court Dimension
The game comprises two teams with 12 players each as per the rules of the Asian
Kho-Kho Federation 15 players each in the team while only 9 players actually
playing.

2.4 STADIA DESIGN AND REQUIREMENTS
2.4.1 Stadium orientation
Recommended pitch orientations in northern
Europe for principal sports. The underlying
principle is that runners in athletics and
sportsmen in ball games should never have
the late afternoon sun in their eyes.
Football and rugby: An ideal orientation for

the playing area is to have its longitudinal
axis running north–south, or perhaps
northwest–southeast. With these
orientations the sun will be at the side of the
stadium during play, and the early morning
sun will fall on the greatest area of the pitch.
Fig 37: The ideal orientation of the field
Athletics: The ideal orientation in the northern hemisphere is for the longitudinal
axis of the track to run 15 degrees west of north.
2.4.2 Stadium zoning
The size and location of these zones are

critical to the performance of the stadium in
an emergency, and they are:
Zone 1: The activity area (that is the

central area and/or pitch on which the
games take place).
Zone 2: The spectator terraces (spectator

seating and standing areas)
Fig 38: The zoning in the master plan of the stadium

Zone 3: The concourses surrounding the activity area. (internal concourses,
restaurants, bars, and other social areas)
Zone 4: The circulation area surrounding the stadium structure and separating it
from the perimeter fence.
Zone 5: The open space outside the perimeter fence and separating it from the car
parks.
Gates offering escape from the spectator terraces to places of safety must be manned
at all times when the stadium is in use, and easily operable to let spectators escape in
case of emergency
2.4.2 Playing surfaces
Natural grass surfaces: Natural grass remains the most user-friendly of surfaces,
and the only permissible choice for some sports.
 Drainage: There are basically two methods of drainage – passive and active.
 The passive approach relies on gravity to drain away the water, and one
method of enhancing the basic system described above would be the cutting
of deep ‘slit drains’ into the subsoil by specialist machine, and filling these
with sand or fine gravel to help surface water flow down quickly into the land
drains.
 The active approach uses pumps, usually activated by water-sensing
electronic devices in the field, to literally suck the water off the pitch and into
underground storage
chambers, thus clearing
the surface very quickly
and maximizing the
availability of the pitch
for revenue-generating
activity.
Fig 39: Elements of a typical natural grass playing surfaces

 Irrigation: Underground irrigation pipes are normally laid between
150mm and 350mm below the surface, spaced from 450mm to 900mm apart.
2.4.3 Perimeter fences for the playing field

There are three commonly-used design techniques for separating the activity area
from the spectators: perimeter fences, moats, and changes of level.
Fences: Perimeter
fences protect the pitch
from crowd invasion
but obstruct viewing
and may hinder escape
in cases of emergency
Fig 40: Fence design
Half moat: It is the

combination of low
fence and shallow
moat. The stair
handrail will intrude
into spectators’ views.
Fig 41: Moat design
Changes of level: The

combination of a
depression, less deep
than the moats and a
barrier, not as high as
the fences.
Fig 41: The ‘bullring’

solution, or level change

2.4.4 Viewing distances
Calculation of
maximum viewing
distance is based on
how the human eye
perceives anything
clearly that subtends
an angle of less than
about 0.4 degrees.
Fig 42: Playing field with optimum, maximum viewing distances .
For football, the preferred viewing distance at no more than 150 m between the
extreme corner of the field and spectator’s eye, with maximum of 190 m.
2.4.4 Viewing angles and sightlines:
The term ‘sightline’ does not refer to the distance between spectator and pitch, it
refers to the spectator’s ability to see the nearest point of interest on the playing field
(the point of focus) comfortably over the heads of the people in front.
The calculation of N, the riser height is given below:
N = (R+C) x (D+T) / D -R
Where: N = riser height;
R = height between eye on ‘point of

focus’;
D = distance from eye to ‘point of focus’;
C = ‘C’ value;
T = depth of seating row.
Fig 43: Calculation of N (The riser height)

Calculation for the seating tiers:
It is recommended that eye height above the pitch should not be less than 800 mm,
with 700 mm as an absolute minimum. The closer the first row of seats is to the point
of focus, the steeper the rake will be, and
the higher the back of the stand for a
given ‘C’ value.
The higher the first row of seats above

pitch level, the better viewing standards
will be, but also the back of the stand will
be higher
Fig 44: Minimum seat dimensions.
Angle of rake: It is generally accepted that an angle of rake steeper than 34 degrees
(approximately the angle of a stair) is uncomfortable and induces a sense of vertigo
in some people as they descend the gangways, even if regulations in some countries
do allow steeper angles.
2.4.5 Spectator seating
Fig 45: Dimensional standards for seats and standing areas
Seating Dimension: A minimum width of 450mm is widely accepted around the

world. 500mm would give spectators more scope for adjusting their position without
disturbing their neighbors. A reasonable minimum length of 465mm without arm
rest, and a minimum width of 500mm with arms.

2.5.6 Circulation
Access between Zone 5 and Zone 4 : Ideally, and if space allows, a modern stadium
should be surrounded by an outer circulation zone of 20m width or more to allow
spectators to walk around the outside to get to their seating area.
Timed exit analysis (TEA)

The use of ‘timed exit analysis’ to design escape routes that will allow spectators to
move from their seat to a place of safety within a specified time by assuming the
maximum entry rate of 660 persons per hour passing through each gate or turnstile.
 Horizontal circulation elements: Their clear exit widths must be based on
40 to 60 people per minute passing through one ‘unit exit width’ of 600 mm.
 Vertical circulation elements: Average unobstructed walking on staircase
30 m per minute (1.8 km/h). Spacing between people is 0.75 m.
2.5.7 Toilet provision
Fig 46: Minimum recommendations for cinemas, concert halls and similar buildings
Location of spectator toilets:
Units should be distributed as evenly as possible, including all levels of a multi-

tiered stand, with no seat more than 60 meters from a usable toilet and preferably on
the same level.
Ratio of male to female toilets:
The correct male: female ratio should be researched for each individual case but the
80:20 ratio is a widely recognized ‘club’ standard.

2.5 TNDCR NORMS AND STANDARDS
2.5.1 Planning Parameters of institutional building: Including nursery school,

Primary School and religious building with floor exceeding 300 sqm. Secondary
Schools , Dormitories, Research institutions, Broadcasting, telecasting and
telecommunication centers , Government and quasi government offices and
Institutions, Government archives , Museums , Art galleries and public libraries ,
Foreign missions, consulates and embassies

2.5.2 Sanitation Requirements
Assembly Buildings (Art, Galleries, Libraries and Museums)
2.5.3 Parking requirements:

2.6 CASE STUDY
2.6.1 TRIVANDRUM INTERNATIONAL STADIUM,
KARYAVATTOM, THIRUVANDRUM, KERALA (NET CASE
STUDY)
INTRODUCTION
The Sports Hub,
Trivandrum is India’s
first PPP development
of an International
Cricket cum Football
stadium.
Fig 47: Trivandrum International Stadium aerial view
It has been implemented through a special purpose vehicle, Karyavattom Sports

Facilities Ltd, a subsidiary of IL&FS Transportation Networks Ltd. Total of 37 acres
with the stadium site proper of 30.5 acres and an ancillary parking lot of 6.5 acres.
Architect: Collage design,

Mumbai
Location: Thiruvandrum, Kerala
Building typology: Sports

stadium and complex
Project year: 2012-2015
Client: KSFL
Site area: 37 acres (60,387 sqm)
Seating capacity: 50,000
Fig 48: Facility radius map (Within 10km): (1) International airport, (2) Central
Railway station, (3) Central Bus stand, (4) NH 47, (5) The sports hub.

SITE ANALYSIS-
The stadium is
located 9.2 km
away from the
Trivandrum city
and 13.3 km away
from International
Airport Abutting
the National
Highway 47.
Fig 49: Land use map: (1) Commercial, (2) Residential, (3) Stadium and complex,
(4) Educational
The Sports Hub is located within the campus of Kerala University, adjacent to the
Laxmibai National College of Physical Education and Asia’s largest IT Township
Techno Park. The campus boasts of its green campus with a strict no plastic policy.
The Field of Play has sub-surface

drainage integrated with network of
drains and leading to rain water
harvest in a larger scale.
SITE AND BUILDING ACCESS
There are two public entrances and a

service road entrance:
 Main entrance from

Trivandrum international stadium
road
 VIP entrance
Fig 50: Stadium Access routes

Fig 51: Trivandrum international road (a); Trivandrum international road (b)
Trivandrum international road - (445 m) acts as the pedestrian entry way entirely
dedicated for the stadium spectators as the car parking is restricted to only VIP
parking. It can be accessed by the Karyavattam Thiripadapuram road connected the
NH47.It eliminates the crowd traffic and vehicular disruption accessing the stadium.
Fig 52: Landmark at the Trivandrum International Stadium Road junction; Pedestrian
walkway to the stadium
Fig 53: Reserved Street side parking for paid parking and VIPs

Orientation: the entrance
is facing north with the
field in the north - south
orientation as per ICC
and FIFA standards. The
road leads to open paved
porch with parking and
the main gates to the
Stadium.
Fig 54: Entrance Map

Services road Entrance
Fig 55: VIP Entrance (a);Main Entrance courtyard (b)
The courtyard
proves as the
crowd
engaging
space and also
as the open to
air space
surrounding the concourse .
Fig 56: Stadium Main Entrance

MASTER PLAN
The whole stadium

is zoned in 4 parts
.The commercial and
retail zone acts as the
main welcoming
entrance leading to
the east and west
zone on their sides
with stairways and 3
tiers.
Fig 57: Schematic Plan
The North zone is separated with ramps on either side for emergency access to the
stadium field which also creates a glimpse of view of the field from the parking and
VIP entrance. The service road starts at the main gate and surrounds the concourse in
between the club house. The club house accommodating the indoors sports halls and
hotel rooms for the guests is located at North-East corner of the site with natural
contours in site. Separate parking is allotted for each pavilion for the visitors with
membership.
Fig 58: VIPs parking(left); The Club

house (right)

Fig 59: Stadium Aerial view labeled
SEATING CAPACITY AND FACILITIES
 Seating capacity: 50,000

 VIP seating: 4000
 Seating for specially-abled: 500
 North Pavilion: Cricket Player Facilities, Media facilities, Broadcasting
facilities, corporate boxes, VIPs lounges
 South Pavilion: Retail Food Courts
 East Pavilion: Football Player Facilities, Corporate Boxes
 West Pavilion: Corporate Boxes, VIPs lounges
Fig 60:West and East Tiers with pavilion view

NORTH PAVILION: 4 luxury corporate boxes constitute the most exclusive
seating at the North pavilion, with the best view of the stadium. It also includes
provision for food service, Bar, Television and seating provision for 50 people.
Fig 61: North pavilion

This space can be branded and used as the company’s real estate for hosting Clients,
Corporate meetings & Parties, trainings etc. during Non-event days.
Fig 62& 63: cooperate rooms; wall of fame hall of area 17437sqft
Fig 64: Northern pavilion -1180sq.ft of toughen glass walled private cabin

Fig 65 & 66: VIPs rooms; Cafeteria and corporate rooms
SOUTH PAVILION -
AREA 65,808 SQFT:
There are two main
stairways from ground way
leading to the tiers to the
stadium seating.
Fig 67: South pavilion view

South pavilion and the east and west pavilions are continuous with stairway linkage
as the north pavilion is separated with ramps on either side. Concourse indoor of
area 17,437 sqft and Stadium open terrace of area 22,058 sqft.
Fig 68, 69 & 70: Stadium open terrace; concourse indoor stalls; corporate offices.

TRAVANCORE GYMKHANA CLUBHOUSE
The Indoor Sports Hall
is capable of hosting
International
tournaments with
spectator seating,
locker rooms and
warm-up areas.
Fig 71: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse (a)
The Club House and
Convention centre is
integrated into the Master
plan to create a cohesive
complex of sports and
entertainment.
Fig 72: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse aerial views render

The complex includes
facilities for banqueting,
conventions and
exhibition along with a
hotel. Located on a
steeply sloped portion of
the site, the design blends
into the landscape to
create exciting vistas and circulation for the patrons.
Fig 73: Travancore gymkhana clubhouse (b)

The club house
consists of 3 parts-
the multipurpose
hall and the
accommodation
tower with the
sports indoor hall
at the lower level.
Fig 74: Club house Northern elevation
The sports indoor
hall is provided
with outdoor
badminton court at
its terrace with
spectator seating
which can be
accessed directly
from the cafeteria at +37m level.
Fig 75: The club house South elevation
Fig 76: The club house section

The swimming pool complex includes
an indoor recreational pool and an
Olympic size outdoor pool with deck
areas and spectator seating has the
ability to host National tournaments
and cater to the needs of the hotel
guests and club members
Fig 77: The club house East elevation
Fig 78 & 79: Swimming pool; Multi indoor sports hall
FACILIES:
Multi Indoor Sports hall - Area: 24,500

sqft: 12 Badminton courts, 4 Table Tennis
tables, Squash court, 3 Basketball courts
Olympic size outdoor pool (Area: 11,400)
Temperature controlled indoor pool (Area:

1,600 sqft)
High-tech gym facilities: Yoga and

meditation halls, Zumba Classes
Fig80 &81: Squash courts; café

Convention center (Area: 38,000sqft)
Banquet halls: Guest Rooms, Kids

play Zone, Carnival Cinemas,
Restaurants and Cafe
Fig 82: Banquet halls
Fig 83 & 84: Event halls; Cinema Theater

The Club house area is with the sports halls and multi hall area with the
accommodation rooms for the guest and VIPs in the central 7 tier tower with kitchen
and pantry for the athletes. The indoor sports hall and the guest room tower starts on
+25m level from the ground level and the multi court hall starts on +37m level from
the ground level.
Fig 85&86: Gym; the kids play room

2.6.2 CULTURAL SPORT COMPLEX FOR DISABLED TEHRAN,
IRAN (NET CASE STUDY)
Project Details:
Architect: Arash Mozafari
(Experimental Branch of
Architecture)
Location: Tehran, Iran
Building typology:
Educational and cultural
centre (Sports training)
Area: 18,000 sqm
Project year: 2006 – 2011
Fig 87: Cultural sport complex
SITE DIMENSION AND COVERAGE:
SITE AREA: 50mx100m
POSSIBLE OCCUPATION IN SITE:
30mx100m
The remained area belonged to the

municipality which should prepare the access
to the northern part of the site and defined
this part as public green space, separated
from Cultural-Sport site.
An obsolete curriery factory was located in

the southern part of the site with 100 year old
trees and very appropriate green space.
Fig 88: Site-satellite image

After mechanical test it was revealed that just 2 levels can be built underground.
We got the permission of locating parking sunder the public park.
NEED FOR THE

INSTITUTION: More than 3
million disabled of natural
disasters, accidents and Iran-Iraq
war are living in Iran.
Fig 89: South Elevation view from the south garden

They are so vulnerable and
forgotten due to the lack of
urban facilities and other special
services.
In 2007, Cultural-Social
Administration of Tehran
municipality, decided to
construct a cultural-sport
complex for disabled in each 22
Tehran districts, in order to
increase these kinds of facilities.
Thus, one physical program was

prepared by initiatory consultant
and was advised to all districts to
have a same program for all of
these complexes.
Fig 90: Site plan and the neighborhood landscape

Fig 91: conceptual design process
DESIGN PROCESS:
Due to municipality rules to create green space only 60% of site’s (5000sqm)
northern part was allowed to build. Hence the southern part is dedicated for the
sports, cultural and parking
area (3000sqm) and the
northern side is of area
2000sqm for the green space.
Hence all the functions had to

be cramped up into G+3 tiers
with two basement floors.
Each individual function is
placed within a box.
Fig 92: Axonometric view of the complex

Fig 92: Section AA
The western part of the southern functional boxes is focused on cultural activity
and the eastern box is for the sports functionality. This way both the municipality
rule is followed and the functional part of the community centre can enjoy the view
of the southern garden.
Voids are made in the western box for using existing trees in the site. Along the
recession, a central main void is made to connect the site to the garden. The central
void is provided with swimming pool at its lowest level and amphitheatre on
westerns box and multipurpose hall for indoor sports at eastern box on its top floor.
FAÇADE: The northern box defines the façade with its ramps and accessing element
Fig 93: Section BB

Fig 94: Section CC; Section DD
MASTER PLAN:
Spatial relationship: These functional boxes
locate and slip over each other to make voids
between spaces. The spaces behave in relation to
inside and outside of the building.
The Atrium creates the voided space above the

1 swimming pool as a common point of view for the
south garden and converging space for
communication. The ramp access on the northern
part allows
the user to
pass
through the
functional
spaces and
2 3
the atrium
void.
Fig 95, 96 & 97: (1) Main Access to the Complex; (2) Atrium; (3) Access to the
Atrium

Fig 98: Floor plans (Basement 1 and basement 2)
Fig 99 & 100: Atrium view towards west; Atrium view towards south
The first basement is dedicated for parking and utilities for the complex and the
indoor pool. The indoor pool is located at the second basement level above which the
atrium. The atrium and the void in the eastern box are provided to aid the view to the
southern garden and the added football field and track in the garden for outdoor
training.

The ramps in the northern façade connect the functional boxes together and define as
universal accessible corridors that make a façade dynamic. The lift and stairs are
located at the farther ends of the functional spaces of west and east end. The
restaurants and café’s dining outlook the atrium.
The admin rooms are located at the core of the
functional boxes. The curtain wall façade provides
sufficient
lighting and view
from the access
ramps and the
atrium corridor.
Fig 101 & 102: Ramps in the northern façade (a); Ramps in the northern façade (b)
Fig 103: Ground floor plan and First floor plan

Fig104 & 105: North Elevation; West Elevation
Fig 106 & 107: South Elevation; East Elevation
Fig 108: Second floor plan, Third floor plan and Fourth floor plan

FACILITIES:
Cultural-sport complex: administrative sector, library, gallery, Amphitheater,

media center.
Educational sector: conference hall, training classes and workshops.
Fig109 & 110: Workshop; Conference

hall
Sport sector: Indoor pool, Steam Sauna, Hydrotherapy Pool, Table Tennis Hall,
Gym, Fitness, Shooting Hall, Multipurpose Hall, Chess Room, wheelchair path.
Fig111: Indoor pool(1); Gym(2); Multipurpose hall(3); Table tennis room(4)

Fig112 &113: Outdoor track on terrace; Fitness centre
Service: Buffet, Public hall, place of

worship, parking, utility and circulation.
Fig 114: Dining overlooking the

atrium(1); locker(2); ramp(3); canteen(4)
common space (5).

Fig 115: West Elevation(1); South
Elevation(2); East Elevation(3)
Fig116 : Fivth floor plan and Roof plan

2.6.3 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU STADIUM, CHENNAI (LIVE CASE STUDY)
Architect: C R
Narayanan Rao
Location: Chennai
Structure: Outdoor
stadium
Area: 86490.06 to
Project Year: 1992
Capacity: 40,000
seating
Fig 117: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Aerial view (a)
 INTRODUCTION
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (also known as the Marina Arena) is a multipurpose

stadium in Chennai, India. It has a capacity to seat 40,000 people. It hosts football
matches and athletic competitions. The stadium is located at Sydenham’s Road, Park
Town behind the Chennai Central suburban railway station and the Ripon Building.
 SITE AND LANDUSE ANALYSIS:
The stadium was built on the

area where the old Madras
Zoo was located before it was
shifted to its present location
in at Vandalur. It was known
as the Corporation stadium
until the 1980s and used to
witness houseful audience for
even the city league matches.
Fig 118: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Aerial view (b)

Fig 119: Site and Neighborhood land use
 ENTRANCE AND CIRCULATION

ANALYSIS: There are totally
10 gates available for public
entry during events around the
premises for the convenience of
the audience to reach the nearest
seating area. The main entrance
to the stadium is reserved for
VIP and Admin officers.
Fig 120: Main entrance of the stadium

The VIP entrance directly leads
to the field and the VIP gallery
of the stadium seating tiers.
INFERENCE: Separate gates

decreases traffic at the main
entrance and directly allow the
audience to the required gallery.
Fig 121: Public entrance around the premises

Fig 122 &123: Main entrance façade; Parking
The 60 car and bike parking are reserved for the VIP and Admin near the main
entry. The open to air circulation path around the concourse leads in the north
direction to the remaining admin offices and sports federation offices at the outer
ring of the stadium and the student athlete’s facilities.
The open to air circulation path also

acts as the access to the emergency
entry both in north and south among
the stadium tiers.
INFERENCE: The Training and

administrative office building on the
periphery of the stadium separates the
athletes users to the officers.
Fig124: (1) North emergency entry to the field; (2) South emergency entry; (3) The
emergency entry to the track directly.

Fig125,126 &127: VIP and Athletes direct entry to the field
The stadium is construction in that it is easily

accessible and can be evacuated from the
stadium in case of an emergency in just 11
minutes.
The Emergency staircases are located between

every gallery entries making a total of 23
emergency staircases around the concourse.
The athletes can access the field directly

through the underground tunnel passage.
Fig 128: Emergency staircase.
Fig 129: The VIP stage and seating tier.

 MASTERPLANING
The stadium is set in 10 acres with its 50% built

up space. Construction elements: 764 piles,
25000cu of concrete, 88000sqm of shuttering,
5076 precast elements of up to 16 ton each and
17000 ton erection.
There are 8 main seating galleries (A - H) for

the capacity of 40,000 spectators. The outer
circulation pathway leads to the lower seating
tier and to the additional 3 minor gallery entries
within each entries forming to have total of 24
entries to the seating tiers.
Fig 130: The double seating tiers of the stadium with its concrete roofing.
Fig 131: Schematic Master plan of the stadium.

Fig132: The Stadium view from the upper seating tier.
SEATING AND CONCOURSE FACILITY: The seating tiers area divided into
two layers. The highest level of the bottom tier can be directly accessed by the public
by the gallery staircase from the open air circulation path. The precast concrete roof
is erected over 30,000 seats.
Fig 133 & 134: The stadium overall view from the track; the gallery staircase
Fig 135: The Bottom seating tier.

The Gallery concourse is multifunctional with spaces for computing stations, food
stations and restrooms (3 toilets for men and women each).
Fig 136 & 137: Gallery entry facing the concourse; Gallery entry facing the field
INFERENCE: The covered corridors provide private multifunctional space for the
audience without having to leave the stadium periphery. The corridor is well
ventilated with opening on both side of the seating ring and emergency stair cases.
Fig 138: gallery restrooms(1); multimedia room(2); buffet food stall(3); common
toilet(4)

FACILITIES:
 A Gallery- VIPs Lounges and Control room with administration offices
Fig139 & 140: Control rooms; admin offices
 Conference rooms with sports federation offices
Fig 141 &142: Conference rooms and sports federation offices
 B Gallery – Physiotherapy and Fitness centre with an indoor gymnasium.
Fig 143: The fitness

centre (1); Indoor
gym (2);
Physiotherapy
checking rooms (3)

 C Gallery - Carom training hall and hostel rooms. Accommodation for 100
plus players. Rooms reserved for referees and other delegates.
Fig 144 & 145:

Guest rooms for
officials; hostel
for athletes
 D Gallery - Central Government authority for sports office

 E Gallery - Taekwondo and Weight lighting Training Halls
 F Gallery - Table Tennis Club and Boxing training indoor court.
Fig 146 &147:

Kitchen and
canteen for the
athletes
Outdoor courts:
3 Volley ball
courts, 2 beach
ball Courts,
Throw ball court,
boxing court.
Glass field with
8 lane of German
synthetic track
over synthetic
coated asphalt.
Fig 148: beach ball court(1); Volley ball courts(2); Throw ball court(3); Athletic
track(4).

2.6.4 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU INDOOR STADIUM, CHENNAI
(LIVE CASE STUDY)
Architect: C R Narayanan Rao
Location: Chennai
Structure: Sports indoor complex
Area: 23100sqm
Project Year: 1995
Capacity: 8000
Fig 149: Façade of the complex from the main entry
INTRODUCTION:
The Multipurpose Nehru Indoor

Stadium was built as octagonal
spectator gallery with
unobstructed view from all sides
at a cost of Rs.20.00 crore in the
year 1995.
Fig 150: Main entrance of the

complex
The Nehru Indoor Stadium has a

capacity of 8,000 Spectators. The
stadium is centrally air-
conditioned. It is located on farther
north of Jawaharlal Nehru Outdoor
stadium along Raja muthaiah road.
Fig 151: Interior of stadium

ENTRANCE ACCESSES
AND CIRCULATION: Two
main public entrances leading
to total of 240 car parking with
circulation pathway on the
periphery of the stadium
leading with pedestrian entries.
The back entrance for the

training annex leads to the
main entrance of the indoor
stadium which separates the
athletes with the movement of
the spectators
Entrance to new
complex
Main entry to the
indoor stadium
Stair case entry
Pedestrian Entry to
Indoor Stadium
Administrative
Entry
VIP entrance
Main Entrance
Fig 152: Site map

Fig 153 & 154: Administrative office entrance; Back entrance for the VIP.
Fig 155 &156: Admin office lobby
The main entrance leads to the admin offices from the lobby on either direction
corridors around the central octagonal indoor stadium. The back entrance is reserved
for athletes and VIP access. The VIP lobby and the VIP suite is located directly from
the back entrance.
Fig 157 & 158: The VIP lobby; The VIP Suite

INDOOR STADIUM
DESIGN:
The indoor stadium is built

with two main seating tiers
for about 5337 seating on
total.
Fig 159: The indoor stadium

view (a)
The main event area

can be directly
accessed through 4
gates on cardinal
points of the area and
two separate VIP
entrance that can be
directly accessed
from the VIP suite.
Fig 160: Seating plan

of the indoor stadium
Fig 161 & 162: The indoor stadium view

(a); View from the Northeast entrance

Fig 163 & 164: The south west entrance; the control rooms
The entries for the indoor stadium are located in the western side with its exits on
eastern sides. The outer ring of the stadium has 6 entries. The main entrance leads
directly to the stage of the stadium. The roof of the stadium is steel truss with
lighting and sound system.
Fig 165 & 166: The entrance to the stadium with control room entries on either side;
the roof system.
The bottom tier is at the

top level of control rooms.
There are 8 tier entries to
the upper tiers.
Fig 166 & 167: control

rooms; the VIP entry to
the stadium

OUTDOOR GROUNDS
AND FACILITIES:
The outdoor fields such as 2
basketball courts in the south end
of the complex with the fencing
court near the main entrance on
the west direction.
Fig 168: circulation around the

complex.
Outdoor boxing ring and storage are provided near the parking. The hostel for
accommodation for about 100 students is in the outer ring of the complex.
Fig 169 & 170: Outdoor boxing ring; Basket ball courts.
There training complex and the courts has been added to the northern end.
Fig 171 & 172: Hostel; Circulation around the complex

INDOOR TRAINING
COMPLEXES:
The eastern gate leads to the indoor

complexes with 2 outdoor throw
ball courts, football field with
athletic track and throwing /
jumping games.
Fig 173: The Hydrotherapy and squash complex with viewing gallery.
The complex has 2 separate buildings. The

main complex has indoor hydrotherapy
pools and 3 squash courts with viewing
gallery.
Fig174: East Gate for the Training complex
Fig 175: athletic track (1) ; The Hydrotherapy and squash complex (2) ; 2 outdoor
throw ball courts(3); football field(4)

Hydrotherapy and squash
Complex: The hydrotherapy
pools (25’ * 18’ * 6’) are
dedicated for mentally
challenged people for
rehabilitate them. There is
also a kid’s pool (10’ * 6’ *
2’).
Fig 176: The

Hydrotherap
y pool
Fig 177
&178: The
kid’s pool;
pump room.
The 3 squash courts located behind the

indoor pools in the ground floor. With
the view gallery is in the upper floor with
separate entrance
Fig 179: The squash courts entrance(1);

The Squash courts lobby(2); the
mezzanine floor gallery viewing (3)

The badminton court complex:
The badminton complex is

provided with 4 courts in the
ground floor with coach room,
storage and changing rooms.
Fig 180: The badminton complex
The badminton complex has 4 courts on the lower level with its viewing gallery on
the upper level. The main entrance to the complex leads the courts with coach room,
storage and changing rooms on either side. Common toilet is located outside the
complex with ramps for barrier free entry.
Fig 181: the badminton courts; the viewing gallery
Fig 182: Common toilet; Separate entry

for the viewing gallery.

Analysis: The location of the indoor
complexes being distant might lead to
lack of security and easy accessibility
in time of emergencies.
The restrooms and changing room

facility for the athletes in open courts
are inadequate and are not at easy
approach.
Fig 183: basket ball courts near badminton complex
As the complexes and the outdoor

fields are placed far apart with
insufficient common toilets, it creates
a sense of disturbance in the
accessibility. The complexes might
create undefined movement and
commotion in the audience
movement.
Fig 184: Handball court
The skating ring and the

handball courts are
located at the farthest end
of the northern boundary
of the complex with its
separate admin and in
charge rooms.
Fig 185: The skating ring court.

2.7 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS (NET CASE STUDY)

CHAPTER 3: SPECIAL STUDY-
TEXTILE ARCHITURE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Tiruppur is located at 52 km east of Coimbatore city. It is an industrial centre for the
textile sectors. Tiruppur accounts for 90% of India’s yarn knitwear and it is referred
as textile valley of India.
There are about 2100 producing units manufacturing different varieties of textile
goods. Tiruppur is contributing about 45% of total knitwear exports from our country
and is exporting only cotton based garments.
There is a good scope for increasing our market share in the global from the current
level of about 2.6% by exporting value added products and synthetic products.
3.2 PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE

• Span: Fabric can span large distances without incurring much weight on
supporting structure or foundation.
• Weight: They are capable of carrying large applied loads while weighing
very little in comparison to steel or concrete structures of the same spans.
This reduction in weight and material translates into shorter construction
schedules and overall cost savings.
• Sustainable: The use of a textile façade or roof makes the building more
sustainable, lowering the environmental impact.
• Flexibility: The most particular quality determining the definition of textile
or membranes. It also influences in the designs where movement and fluidity
is important.
• Acoustics: When a three-dimensional fabric is created it can absorb sounds,
by breaking the sound waves.
• Transparency / Lighting: Most textile membranes used, are translucent,
blocking most of the solar radiation but still let some light through. To have
more control over the light intensity in the room.
• Indoor Climate: If textile is use indoors to block the sun lighter colors need
to be used to prevent extra warmed is collected in the fabric. Transparency of
the fabric collects warmth of the solar radiation .

3.3 APPLICATION OF TEXTILE STRUCTURE
Fig 186: application of textile structure
3.4 TYPES OF TEXTILE STRUCTURES

Though fabric structures come in varying size, scale, shape and form, all of them
consist of the same basic elements:
• A lightweight and flexible fabric membrane, tensioned for stability and
usually used as a roofing element.
• Flexible linear elements such as ties or cables, which are commonly used at
boundaries or edges.
• Rigid supporting members such as masts, frames, rings, arches, and edge
beams, which usually transfer loads in compression.
Categories of tensioned fabric structures
(1) Boundary tensioned membranes
(2) Pneumatic or air-supported structures
(3) Cable-nets or cable-beams.

BOUNDARY TENSIONED
MEMBRANES: In the design of
fabric structures, upwardly curved
elements are usually called "ridge"
cables while downwardly curved ones
are "valley" cables.
Fig 187: Tensioned membrane
The minimum number of anchor points needed for any section of fabric is four.
Three points are insufficient because the resulting surface is a simple.
PNEUMATIC OR AIR-
SUPPORTED STRUCTURES
Single-layer – Mechanical pre-stress

over support structure
Two- or three-layered, pneumatic

stress:
 Pressurization – Maintain
pressure through ventilation, used for
permanent structures
 Seal – Pressurized during
inflation only, used for temporary
structures
Fig 188 & 189: Types of Air

supported structures; comparison of
different types of structural variable.

3.5 FORM OF THE TENSILE STRUCTURE
The significance of material properties and geometry on structural performance

(stress levels and displacements) has been assessed using parametric studies of
‘typical’ fabric forms. Three fundamental fabric structure forms can be developed by
manipulating the boundary conditions of an initially flat geometry within a square
plan.
Fortunately the structural action of tensile structures depends on curvature rather

than span, hence their efficiency for large-span structures.
3.6 TYPES OF FABRICS USED IN ARCHITECTURAL

STRUCTURES
The most common fiber materials used for structural fabric include
• Fiberglass,
• Polyester,
• Nylon,
• Aramids.
Coatings are beneficial for many reasons;

aside from allowing for a more unified,
composite response from the fabric yarns,
certain coatings can also protect fabric
from weather and dirt, provide
fireproofing as well as resistance to
ultraviolet radiation.
Fig: Fabric form
Coatings can be applied in liquid form by pouring or spread on and forced through
the fabric. The most common coatings include polyvinylchloride (PVC),
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), and silicone.

Architectural fabrics typically consist of
 Woven glass fiber yarns with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating

 Woven polyester yarns with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating.
They have negligible bending and compression stiffness
 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (PTFE)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a resin that was developed in the 1970’s by

DuPont under the trade name Teflon.
It consists of microscopic glass beads that can be applied onto a woven glass cloth,
creating a strong and durable fabric. This resin has been used not only as a coating,
but also as high strength fibers.
As glass is more susceptible to brittle failure, PTFE-coated fiberglass must be

handled with care during transport. Silicone-coated fabrics are more flexible and
therefore less brittle than Teflon-coated fabrics
Fig 190: Type of fabric

 PVC-COATED POLYESTER
PVC-coated polyester fabric is the oldest and one of the most commonly used
materials on fabric structures. It has a high tensile and tear strength but low
durability as it tends to deteriorate from UV radiation.
It also exhibits creep behavior, losing significant levels of pre-stress over time
sometimes requiring membrane re-stressing. Their tendency to retain dirt can be
overcome with the application of fluropolymers on top of the PVC coating.
Fig 191: Comparison of PVC AND PTFE
 ETFE (ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) based on the

fluorite mineral:
• Highly UV resistant
• No yellowing or fracturing
• Flame-resistant
• Self-cleaning
• Light emission, translucency and thickness vary depending on requirements

• Easily recycled
• Lifespan of 25-30 years
• Very lightweight – only 350g per square meter of film; weighs only 1-3% of
an equally-sized glass panel.
3.7 PROPERTI
ES OF FABRIC
Fig 192 & 193:

Properties analysis (a)
& (b);properties
comparison chart

CHAPTER 4: SITE ANALYSIS –TIRUPPUR
4.1 SITE LOCATION:
Tiruppur district is bounded by Karur
district in the East, Coimbatore in the
West, and Erode in the North and
Dindigul district in the South.
The District lays between 10º 14'N to
11º 20'N Latitude, 77º 27'E to 77º
56'E Longitude and has an aerial
extent of 2296 sq.km.
Fig 194: District map; Palladam taluk (Site area)

4.2 GENERAL INFORMATION
 SELECTED SITE LOCATION:

Anuppatti village, Karadivavi firka ,
Paladam taluk, Tiruppur district, Tamil
Nadu.
 TOTAL PLOT AREA: 13,
83,085.81 sqm area (341 ACRES)
 TOTAL PLOT AREA
CONSIDERED: 6, 07,028.5 m2 area
(150 acres )
 OSR: 60,702.85 m2 ( 10%
considered plot area)
Fig 195: Site map with site dimension.

 SITE OWNER – Private
 LAND USE: wet crop land ( plantation land )
 ABUTTING ROAD AND ITS WIDTH
State highway -
Pollachi highway 19
and the village roads
are abutting the site
on west, east and
south side leaving
the north border
without any defined
road.
Fig 196: Abutting road and its width
4.3 PROXIMITY OF PUBLIC MODEOF TRANSPORTATION
7 km : Palladam (nearest bus stand and railway station)
26 km : Tiruppur main Bus stand and Railway station
36 km : Coimbatore (nearest airport)
47 km : Pollachi
4.4 VIEWS FROM THE SITE
Fig 197: Northwest

view

Fig 198: South view
Fig 199: North view
4.5 CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
TEMPERATURE: The mean

maximum and minimum
temperatures for Tirupur city during
summer and winter vary between
38°C to 23°C.
Fig 200: Temperature analysis
The period from April to June is generally hot and dry. The temperature recorded
varies from 11.7°C to 42.6°C.

RAIN FALL AND WIND :
The average annual rainfall
is around 700 mm with the
North East (October and
December) and the South
West (June to September)
monsoons contributing to
47% and 28% respectively
to the total rainfall.
SUN DIRECTION:
SOUTH EAST TO WEST
WIND DIRECTION:
NORTH EAST TO WEST
Fig 201 &202: Precipitation

and wind analysis
4.6 SOIL TYPE:

Tiruppur district is situated
in the Western Agro
climatic zone.
Soil Types: Loamy,

alluvial, clayey Red soil
and black soils are the soil
types found in the district.
Fig 203: Types of soil

throughout Tiruppur

4.7 TOPOGRAPHY: It is an
undulated topography with the
height range from 291 m to 323
meter above the mean sea level
and sloping gradually towards
east direction.
Fig 204: Contour map
4.8 GEOLOGY: Drainage pattern

reflects the characteristic of surface as
well as subsurface formation.
Lineaments have been found to
continue from the Western Ghats to the
low lying plains. Geologically, the area
is underlain by a wide range of gneissic
complex. These rocks are extensively
weathered and overlain by recent valley
fills and alluvium at places.
Fig 205: Geology map
4.9 DRAINAGE: The major rivers flowing through the district are Noyyal and
Amravati, which come under the Cauvery basin.
Ground water level Analysis: During the pre monsoon, the water level generally in
declining trend ranges from G.L. to 15m. The depth of well below Ground Level
12.0m are become dry during hot season like May, June, July.

4.10SITE COMPARISION

CHAPTER 5 – DESIGN PROGRES
5.1 DRAWINGS

5.2 CONCLUSION
Through this study and exploration, it is very evident that architecture plays a key
role in healing aspects and has an equal weight age of healing contribution as much
as treatments serve the purpose. The major characteristics covered in the study which
form the elements of healing have both direct and indirect effects on all the users
irrespective of the purpose of usage.
The planning parameters necessary to be incorporated for designing any healing

spaces need to be implemented properly. The case and literature studies give two
different aspects of implementing healing concepts implemented in two different
ways.
The interactive sessions with patients and architects give an insight into the
psychology of both highlighting their perspective of healing spaces which differs
from person to person. Though the perspective of healing spaces may be different,
the elements and planning still remain the same.
It depends on how it is affecting and effecting the individual. Thus it is necessary to

incorporate these principles appropriately. Considering these factors, a proposal for a
similar building typology was attempted and done with understanding the essential
ideology and aspects of such centers.

5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 SOURCES OF LITERATURE IDENTIFIED BOOKS

 Stadia by Jacques Rogge
 Stadium Engineering by Peter Culley, John Pascoe, - Stadium and Arena
Design (2015, ICE Publishing) –
 Sport England- design guidelines for sports halls
 Sport England- design guidelines for swimming pools
 FIFA –-football-stadiums-technical-recommendation-and-requirements-5th-
edition.
 FIFA- Stadium safety and regulations

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REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

MOHAMED SATHAK A. J. ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE,

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 1

CAMPUS DIRECTOR PROF. DR. A. MOHAMMED HARIS

PROF. MEERAN ABDUS SAMAD PROF. H. MOHAMMED IDRIS

PROF. T. SATHISH KUMAR PROF. SUJITH

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 2

I am thankful to my honorable dean, Prof. A. Mohammed Haris, for his continuous

I would like to express my gratitude towards my principal, Prof. H. Mohammed Idris

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 3

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

1.1 Need for study

II. Data collection and research studies

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 4

III. Special study-Textile architure

3.2 properties of textile architecture

3.3application of textile structure

3.4 types of textile structures

3.5 form of the tensile structure

3.6 types of fabrics used in architectural

IV. Site analysis –Tiruppur

4.1 Site location

4.2 General information

4.3 Proximity of public mode of

4.4 Views from the site

4.5 Climatic analysis

4.6 Soil type

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 5

4.10 Site comparison

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 6

Fig 1: Sunken stadium at Athens

Fig 4: Circus Maximus in Rome (4rth century BC)

Fig 6: The Berlin Olympic stadium

Fig 7: New Tottenham Stadium Retractable Field

Fig 8: Football Field dimension

Fig 9: Athletic field dimension

Fig 10: Athletic track requirement

Fig 11 : High Jump Field Dimensions

Fig 12: Pole Vault Dimension

Fig 13: Triple jump pole dimension

Fig 14 : Discuss Throw field dimension

Fig 15: Javelin Field dimension

Fig 16: Shot Put Field Dimension

Fig 17: Badminton Court dimension

Fig 18: Basketball court dimension

Fig 19: Handball Court dimension

Fig 20: Archery Court dimension

REGIONAL SPORTS ARENA ( 311716251061) Page 7

Fig 22: Area requirement for Specific Gymnastics criteria

Fig 23: Squash court

Fig 24: Table Tennis Dimension

Fig 25: Swimming Pool Dimension

Fig 26: Diving Pool Dimension

Fig 27: Weightlifting Court Dimension

Fig 28: Kumite court dimension

Fig 29: Kata Court Dimension

Fig 30: Boxing court Dimension

Fig 31: Wrestling court dimension