Math10 q2 Week1 Module1 Polynomial-Functions For-Reproduction
Math10 q2 Week1 Module1 Polynomial-Functions For-Reproduction
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Polynomial Functions
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the skills in factoring polynomials. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
ii
What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Read and answer each item carefully. Choose only the letter
of the correct answer and write it on a separate answer sheet.
1. What should be the value of n so that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 defines a polynomial
function?
A. an integer C. a nonnegative integer
B. any number D. any number except zero
4. What is the degree of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 3)3 ][(𝑥 + 5)2 ]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
11. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)2 , how will you sketch it with respect
to the x-axis?
A. Sketch it crossing at both (0,0) and (1,0).
B. Sketch it tangent at both (0,0) and (1,0).
C. Sketch it crossing (0,0) and tangent at (1,0).
D. Sketch it tangent (0,0) and crossing at (1,0).
1
12. What are the end behaviors of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?
A. Falls to both directions
B. Rises to both directions
C. Falls to the left and rises to the right
D. Rises to the left and falls to the right
13. Your classmate Loraine encounters difficulty (ies) in showing a sketch of the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6. You know that the quickest way is the
Leading Coefficient Test. You want to help Loraine in her problem. What clue
should you give?
A. The graph falls to both left and right.
B. The graph rises to both left and right.
C. The graph falls to the left and rises to the right.
D. The graph rises to the left and falls to the right.
14. From the choices, which of the following functions in factored form
represents the given graph?
15. How will you illustrate the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 12?
A. C.
B. D.
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Lesson Definition and Terms of
1 Polynomial Function
Monday
What’s In
Let us recall that polynomial expression in variable x of degree n is an
algebraic expression in a form
2
𝑎. 2𝑥 − 5 𝑏. −5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 1 𝑐. 𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
3
9
𝑑. 2 + 2 𝑒. 7𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 𝑓. 8𝑥 2 + √𝑥 + 12
𝑥
Letters a, b and c are examples of polynomial expressions while letters d, e and f are
not polynomials.
What’s New
POLYNOMIAL EQUATION VS. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
Identify which of the following belongs to polynomial equation and which
belongs to polynomial function.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12
2. 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
4. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 30 = 0
from: http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-xcg7r7kcA
3
What Is It
In the previous lesson, polynomial equation is a polynomial that
has been set equal to zero in an equation.
If we go back to the previous activity, 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 30 = 0
belongs to polynomial equation while 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
belongs to polynomial function.
Illustrative Examples:
Ex. 1. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term of
the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 7𝑥 + 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 − 5.
Solutions:
To identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term
of a function easily, we need to write the equation in standard form. The standard
form of the given polynomial function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 5.
Therefore, the degree of the function is 5, the leading term is 3𝑥 5 , the leading
coefficient is 3 and the constant term is −5.
Ex. 2. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term of
the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 1).
Solutions:
The given polynomial function must be multiplied first. In multiplying
polynomials, multiply each term in one polynomial by each term in the other
polynomial and combine like terms.
𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒
Thus, the degree of the function is 2, the leading term is 𝟐𝒙𝟐 , leading
coefficient is 𝟐, and the constant term is −𝟒.
4
Ex. 3. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term of
the polynomial function 𝑦 = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ](𝑥 − 3).
Solutions:
In the given function, multiply the polynomial and write the standard form.
𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑
What’s More
Activity 1. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
A. Instructions: Determine whether the given function is a polynomial or not.
Write P for Polynomial and NP for Not Polynomial.
2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − + 5
𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 4 − √6𝑥
2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 4 −
3
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(5𝑥 + 4)
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 2)−2 ](2𝑥 + 3)
B. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient, and the constant term of
the given polynomial function and complete the table below. The first item is
already answered for your reference.
Leading Leading Constant
Polynomial Functions Degree
Term Coefficient Term
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 12 − 8𝑥 4𝑥 2 4 2 12
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 − 6
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 5
4. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 3)
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 2)2 ](2𝑥 − 1)
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What I Need to Remember
Write your insight/learning about the lesson being studied.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
What’s In
To understand x and y intercepts of a polynomial function, let us try to
remember these important terms:
• x – intercepts are the x-values when y = 0, therefore, the points where the
graph intersects the x-axis:
• y – intercept is the y – value when x = 0 and this is the point where the graph
intersects the y-axis.
What’s New
x and y intercepts of a Polynomial Function
What Is It
Let us try to answer the previous activity.
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Question 1: To find the x-intercepts, let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 and set 𝑦 = 0. Factor the
given function.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
0 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) Factor completely.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10
𝑦= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦= (0)2 + 3(0) − 10 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= −10
Therefore, the y-intercept is -10. The y-intercept of the function is merely the
constant.
Question 3: The graph intersects the x-axis at point (5,0) and (-2,0) and
intersects the y-axis at point (0, -10).
Illustrative Examples
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
0 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 1) Factor completely.
1
The x-intercepts are 1, −4 and . This means that the graph will pass
2
1
through (1,0), (−4,0) and ( , 0).
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
𝑦 = 2(0)3 + 5(0)2 − 11(0) + 4 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= 4
The y-intercept is 4. This means that the graph will pass through (0,4).
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Ex. 2. Find the intercepts of the 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥.
Solutions:
To find the x-intercepts, set 𝑦 = 0.
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
0 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 3) Factor completely.
The x-intercepts are 0, −4 and 3 . This means that the graph will pass
through (0,0), (−4,0) and (3, 0).
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
𝑦 = (0)3 + (0)2 − 12(0) Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= 0
The y-intercept is 0. This means that the graph will pass through (0,0).
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30
0 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) Factor completely.
The x-intercepts are 3, −5, 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2. This means that the graph will pass
through (3,0), (−5,0), (1,0) and (2, 0).
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30
𝑦 = (0)4 − (0)3 − 6(0)2 + 18(0) − 30 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = −30
The y-intercept is -30. This means that the graph will pass through (0, −30).
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What’s More
Activity 2. NOW, IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 6
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 𝑥3 − 43𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 42
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____
What’s In
From your previous lesson, you have learned that the roots of a polynomial
equation are the zeroes or solution of the equation. These are the values of x at which
the equation is equal to zero. Here are the important theorems relating to the roots
of polynomial equation:
a. A polynomial of nth degree can be factored into n linear factors.
b. A polynomial equation of degree n has exactly n roots.
c. If (x - r) is a factor of a polynomial, then x = r is a root of the associated
polynomial equation.
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Let us try to answer the following questions.
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4,
1. What is the degree of the given function?
2. What is the leading coefficient of the given function?
3. What is the factored form of the given polynomial function?
4. What are the roots of the given function?
What’s New
How should I pass through?
Given the function 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)4 and its graph,
complete the table below, then answer the questions that follow.
symbolab.com
Root or Multiplicity Characteristic of Behavior of the graph
Zero Multiplicity: Odd relative to x-axis:
or Even Crosses or Tangent
-2
-1
1
2
10
Questions:
1. What have you noticed about the graph when it passes through a root of an
even multiplicity?
2. What have you noticed about the graph when it passes through a root of an
odd multiplicity?
What Is It
Let us try to answer the previous activity.
Given 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)4 , let us complete the table.
1. The graph touches the x-axis without actually crossing the axis.
2. The graph crosses the x-axis.
Illustrative Examples:
Ex.1: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 + 1)5 (𝑥 − 5)4 , identify the roots or zeros,
the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and behavior of
the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x or the roots.
𝑥+3 =0 ; 𝑥+1 = 0 ; 𝑥−5 =0
𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=5
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
-3 2 Even Tangent
-1 5 Odd Crosses
5 4 Even Tangent
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Ex.2: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)3 (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 3)4 (𝑥 − 6), identify the roots or
zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and
behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x or the roots.
𝑥+4=0 ; 𝑥+2 =0 ; 𝑥−3=0 ; 𝑥−6=0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥 = −2 𝑥=3 𝑥=6
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
-4 3 Odd Crosses
-2 2 Even Tangent
3 4 Even Tangent
6 1 Odd Crosses
Ex.3: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 1)5 (𝑥)2 (2𝑥 − 1)3 , identify the roots
or zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and
behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x or the roots.
𝑥+7=0 ; 𝑥+2 =0 ; 𝑥+1=0 ; 𝑥=0 ; 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
𝑥 = −7 𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=0 𝑥=
2
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
-7 1 Odd Crosses
-2 2 Even Tangent
-1 3 Odd C rosses
0 2 Even Tangent
1
3 Odd Crosses
2
What’s More
Activity 3. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Identify the roots or zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the
characteristics of the multiplicity, and behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Complete the table below.
12
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 4)2 (𝑥 − 2)4 (𝑥 − 5)3
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
13
Lesson Graphing Polynomial
4
Thursday Functions
What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. graph polynomial functions using the intercepts (x and y intercepts);
and
2. graph polynomial functions using leading coefficient test, turning
points and multiplicity of the roots or zeros.
What’s In
Before we proceed on graphing polynomial function, let us try to remember
the following important terms.
What’s New
Let us try to observe each figure and complete the table below.
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
14
The graph below is defined by The graph below is defined by
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 or, in 𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 or, in
factored form factored form
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2). 𝑦 = −𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3).
FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6
FIGURE 1
𝑦 = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4
FIGURE 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6
FIGURE 3
𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
FIGURE 4
What Is It
If we go back to the previous lesson about the terms related to polynomial
function, we can recall that the leading coefficient is the numerical coefficient of
the leading term or it is the numerical coefficient of the term with the highest
exponent. Degree is the highest exponent of the given function while turning points
of a graph occur when the function changes from decreasing to increasing or from
increasing to decreasing values. The number of turning points can be determined by
degree minus 1.
15
Now, let us try to complete the table based on the give figures.
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 (3)
Positive Falling Rising 3−1 =𝟐
FIGURE 1 Odd
𝑦 = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 (3)
Negative Rising Falling 3−1 =𝟐
FIGURE 2 Odd
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 (4)
Positive Rising Rising 4−1 =𝟑
FIGURE 3 Even
𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 (4)
Negative Falling Falling 4−1 =𝟑
FIGURE 4 Even
To determine the end behavior of the graph of a polynomial function, let us study
Leading Coefficient test.
1. If the leading coefficient a is positive and the degree n is even the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) rises to both directions.
2. If the leading coefficient a is negative and the degree n is even the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) falls to both directions.
3. If the leading coefficient a is positive and the degree n is odd the graph of the
function 𝑃(𝑥) falls to the left and rises to the right.
4. If the leading coefficient a is negative and the degree n is odd the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) rises to the left and falls to the right.
16
Illustrative Examples:
The x-intercepts are −3, −1, 1 and 2 . This means that the graph will pass
Thus, (−3,0),
through the (−1,0), (1,0) and (2, 0).
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦= (0)4 + (0)3 − (0)𝑥 2 − (0) + 6 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 =0+0−0−0+6
𝑦=6
The y-intercept is 6. This means that the graph will pass through (0,6).
Since the exponents of the factors (x+3), (x+1), (x-1) and (x-2) are odd, the
behavior of the graph with respect to the x-axis crosses the axis.
Step 5: Identify the degree, number of turning points and use the leading the
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph.
Sign of the leading coefficient: Positive Degree: 𝟒 (Even)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 𝟑
The graph rises to both left and right with 3 turning points.
The x-intercepts are -3, -1, 1 and 2. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending
order and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts. Since we have 3 turning
points, we need to find three coordinates.
1
-3 and -1
Substitute the value of h to x in the function
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−3) + (−1)
ℎ=
2 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ4 + ℎ3 − 7ℎ2 − ℎ + 6
(−4) 𝑓(−2) = (−2)4 + (−2)3 − 7(−2)2 − (−2) + 6
ℎ=
2
𝑓(−2) = 16 + (−8) − 7(4) + 2 + 6
𝒉 = −𝟐
𝑓(−2) = 16 + (−8) − 28 + 2 + 6
The turning point
𝑓(−2) = −12
between -3 and -1 is
(-2, -12). 𝒌 = −𝟏𝟐
3 −45 3 −45
( , ) or (1.5, -2.81) 𝑓( ) =
2 16
2 16
−𝟒𝟓
𝒌= or -2.81
𝟏𝟔
18
Step 7: Sketch the graph.
The x-intercepts are −1, 1, −3 and 3 . This means that the graph will
Thus,
pass the (−1,0), (1,0), (−3,0) and (3, 0).
through
The y-intercept is 9. This means that the graph will pass through (0,9).
Sketch the graph crossing the points (−1,0), (1,0), (−3,0) and (3, 0).
Step 5: Identify the degree, number of turning points and use the leading the
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph.
Sign of the leading coefficient: Negative Degree: 𝟒 (Even)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 𝟑
The graph falls to both left and right with 3 turning points.
19
Step 6: Identify the coordinates of the turning points (ℎ, 𝑘);
The x-intercepts are -1, 1, -3 and 3. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending
order (-3, -1, 1 and 3) and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts. Since we
have 3 turning points, we need to find three coordinates.
20
Step 7: Sketch the graph.
The x-intercepts are −5, −2 and 4 . This means that the graph will pass
Thus, (−5,0),
through the (−2,0) and (4, 0).
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦 = (0)3 + 3(0)2 − 18(0) − 40 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = 0 + 3(0) − 0 − 40
𝑦 = −40
The y-intercept is −40. This means that the graph will pass through (0, −40).
Sketch the graph crossing the points (−5,0), (−2,0) and (4, 0).
Step 5: Identify the degree, number of turning points and use the leading the
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph.
Sign of the leading coefficient: Positive Degree: 𝟑 (Odd)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 3 − 1 = 𝟐
The graph falls to the left and rises to the right with 2 turning points.
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Step 6: Identify the coordinates of the turning points (ℎ, 𝑘);
The x-intercepts are -5, -2 and 4. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending order
and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts.
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Ex. 4. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥.
Solutions:
Step 1: Factor the given polynomial function;
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)
or
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)2
The y-intercept is 0. This means that the graph will pass through (0,0).
Sketch the graph crossing the point (0, 0) and tangent at points (−1,0) and (2, 0).
Step 5: Identify the degree, number of turning points and use the leading the
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph.
Sign of the leading coefficient: Negative Degree: 𝟓 (Odd)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 5 − 1 = 𝟒
The graph rises to the left and falls to the right with 4 turning points.
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-1 and 0 Substitute the value of h to x in the function
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥.
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
ℎ= Solutions:
2
𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ5 + 2ℎ4 + 3ℎ3 − 4ℎ2 − 4ℎ
(−1) + 0
ℎ=
2 −1 −1 5 −1 4 −1 3 −1 2 −1
𝑓( ) = −( ) + 2( ) + 3( ) − 4( ) − 4( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
(−1)
ℎ= −1 −1 1
𝑓( ) = −( ) + 2( ) + 3( ) − 4( ) +
−1 1 4
2 2 32 16 8 4 2
−𝟏
𝒉= or -0.5 −1
𝑓( ) =
(−1)
+
2 3
− −
4
+
4
𝟐 2 32 16 8 4 2
−1 (−1) 4 12 32 64
𝑓( ) = + − − +
2 32 32 32 32 32
The turning point
between -1 and 0 is −1
𝑓( ) =
23
2 32
−1 23
( , ) or (-0.5, 0.72). 𝟐𝟑
2 32 𝒌= or 0.72
𝟑𝟐
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What’s More
Activity 4. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: For each given polynomial function, determine the following and
sketch the graph.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 4)
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: __________________
b. degree of the function:__________________________
c. x-intercepts:____________________________________
d. y-intercept:_____________________________________
e. number of turning points:_______________________
f. Sketch the graph
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Friday
Polynomial Function:
Assessment
Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
4. What is the degree of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 3)3 ][(𝑥 + 5)2 ]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
11. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1), how will you sketch it with respect
to the x-axis?
A. Sketch it crossing at both (0,0) and (1,0).
B. Sketch it tangent at both (0,0) and (1,0).
C. Sketch it crossing (0,0) and tangent at (1,0).
D. Sketch it tangent (0,0) and crossing at (1,0).
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12. What are the end behaviors of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?
A. Falls to both directions
B. Rises to both directions
C. Falls to the left and rises to the right
D. Rises to the left and falls to the right
14. From the choices, which of the following function in factored form represents
the given graph?
15. How will you illustrate the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 12?
A. C.
B. D.
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Activity 1.A. Activity 2
1. Not Polynomial
2. Polynomial 1. x-intercepts: -6,-1
3. Polynomial y-intercept : 6
4. Polynomial
2. x-intercepts: -1,2,3
5. Not Polynomial
y-intercept : 6
Activity 1.B.
3. x-intercepts: -6,-1,1,7
Leading Leading Constant y-intercept : 42
Degree
Term Coefficient Term
2. 5𝑥 3 5 3 -6
3. 6𝑥 5 6 5 0
4. 2𝑥 2 2 2 -12
5. 2𝑥 3 2 3 -4
Activity 3.
1.
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
-8 1 Odd Crosses
-4 2 Even Tangent
2 4 Even Tangent
5 3 Odd Crosses
2.
-10 4 Even Tangent
-5 2 Even Tangent
6 3 Odd Crosses
8 5 Odd Crosses
3.
-12 1 Odd Crosses
5 3 Odd Crosses
7 5 Odd Crosses
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
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Activity 4.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: POSITIVE
b. degree of the function: 4
c. x-intercepts: 0, -3, 1
d. y-intercept: 0
e. number of turning points: 3
f. Sketch the graph
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 − 19𝑥 3 − 43𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 40
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: POSITIVE
b. degree of the function: 5
c. x-intercepts: -5, -2, -1, 1, 4
d. y-intercept: 40
e. number of turning points: 4
f. Sketch the graph
References
Books
Bernabe, Julieta G., Maricel C. Corpuz, Ricardo M. Crisostomo, Soledad J. Dilao,
Michael Lee, Alicia L. Padua, and Rommel S. Quiming. 2014. Our World of
Math 10. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.
Chu, Tom N. 2015. Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner. Makati City. Diwa
Learning Systems Inc.
Graphs
Retrieved November 5,2020 from
https://www.symbolab.com/solver/functions-calculator
Images
Math Symbol Clipart
Retrieved November 5,2020 from
http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/math-clip-art-black-and-
white
Avatars
The avatars used in this module are created using Bitmoji application.
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
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