Module

UNIT 4: 21st CENTURY LITERACIES
Module 1: Globalization and Multicultural Literacy

The OECD GLOBAL Competencies Framework
Lesson 1: Globalization
Lesson 2: Multiculturalism
Lesson 3: Intercultural Communication
Module 2: Social Literacy

Lesson 1: Social cognition and social skills
Lesson 2: Emotional Intelligence
Lesson 3: People Skills
Module 3: Media Literacy

Lesson 1: Definition and aspects of Media Information Literacy (MIL)
Lesson 2: Dimensions of MIL
Lesson 3: Advantages and disadvantages of Media and Information
Module 4: Financial Literacy

Lesson 1: Financial planning/goal setting and valuing
Lesson 2: Budgeting spending and investing
Lesson 3: Savings and banking
Lesson 4: Avoiding financial cams
Lesson 5: Issuance and taxes
Lesson 6: Tips on being financially stable
Module 5: Cyber/Digital Literacy

Lesson 1: Cyber citizenship in the digital age
Lesson 2: Internet safety
Lesson 3: Cyber bullying and cybercrimes
Lesson 4: Managing computer threats
Lesson 5: Researching and evaluating the web
Lesson 6: Social media use
Lesson 7: Mobile Devices
Lesson 8: Digital traits
Module 6: Eco- Literacy

Lesson 1: Eco-literacy and sustainable development
Lesson 2: The Seven Environmental Principles
Lesson 3: Making Schools Dark Green Schools
Environmental education
Module 7: Arts and Creativity Literacy

Lesson 1: Visual literacy
Lesson 2: Eye/hand/brain coordination
Lesson 3: Verbal creativity
Lesson 4: Visual creativity
Lesson 5: Aesthetics
OUTLINE
Module 1: 21st Century Literacies

Lesson 1: Globalization
Lesson 2: Multiculturalism
Lesson 3: Intercultural Communication
OUTCOMES
After studying this module, the students should be able to:

a. discuss concepts of globalization and multicultural literacy;
b. define globalization and multiculturalism in education; and
c. explain the dimensions of multiculturalism.
OVERVIEW
Globalization and Multicultural Literacy is the knowledge of cultures and

languages. We live in multicultural societies, teach in multicultural settings, and our
students interact with those who come from a different place. Awareness and sensitivity
to culturally determined norms promote understanding. In fact, when students embrace
the principle that difference does not equal deficiency, they gain an appreciation for the
wealth of diversity that surrounds us.
As an initial phase of understanding 21st century literacy, it is better to determine

how familiar we are with the topic by simply answering the given questions.
PRE-TEST
Direction: Choose the best answers:
1. It refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts,
values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.
a. Multicultural education
b. Globalization
c. Intercultural Communication
d. Exceptionality
2. It brings attention to diversity, equity and social justice to foster cultural awareness by
addressing difficult issues like discrimination and oppression towards other ethnicities.
b. Globalization
c. Global Literacy
d. Multicultural Literacy
3. The Dimensions of Multicultural Education that describes teaching activities that help
students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural
assumptions, frames of references, perspectives, and biases of researchers and
textbook writers influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed.
a. Content integration
b. The knowledge construction process
c. Prejudice reduction
d. An equity pedagogy
4. The Dimensions of Multicultural Education that exists when teachers modify their
teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse
racial, cultural, socioeconomic, and language groups.
a. Content integration
b. The knowledge construction process
c. Prejudice reduction
d. An equity pedagogy
5. It aims to address issues of globalization, racism, diversity and social justice.
b. Globalization
c. Global Literacy
d. Multicultural Literacy
LESSON PROPER: Getting started (Pre-assessment, activating
prior knowledge, and/or review), Discussion, activities/tasks,
assessment
KEY CONCEPTS
MULTICULTURAL & GLOBAL LITERACY
What is Multicultural Literacy?
Multicultural Literacy consists of the skills and ability to identify the creators of
knowledge and their interests (Banks, 1996), to uncover the assumptions of knowledge,
to view knowledge from diverse ethnic and cultural perspective, and to use knowledge
to guided action that will create a humane and just world (Boutte, 2008).
Multicultural Literacy then, brings attention to diversity, equity and social justice
to foster cultural awareness by addressing difficult issues like discrimination and
oppression towards other ethnicities (Boutte, 2008). According to Boutte (2008)
education for multicultural literacy should help students to develop the 21st century
skills and attitudes that are needed to become active citizens who will work towards
achieving social justice within our communities. Because of the growing racial, language
and ethnic diversity in our country, Multicultural Literacy needs to be transformed in
substantial ways to prepare students to function effectively in the 21st Century (Boutte,
2008).
By making small changes within the classrooms, it can create big changes
globally (Boutte, 2008). As diversity grows, there is a need for the emergence of
multicultural education that is more representative of the students in today’s
classrooms. By teaching students to be advocates for multiculturalism, we are also
sending a message of empathy and tolerance in schools as a need to develop deeper
understanding of others and appreciation of different cultures (Banks, 2003). With this
being said, in order for students to develop these attitudes and skills, it requires basic
knowledge prior to teaching students how to question assumptions about cultural
knowledge and how to critique and critically think about these important cultural issues,
which is what essentially makes Multicultural Literacy a 21st Century Literacy (Banks,
2003).
What is Global Literacy?
Global Literacy aims to address issues of globalization, racism, diversity and

social justice (Guo, 2014). It requires awareness and action, consistent with a broad
understanding of humanity, the planet, and the impact of human decision on both.
Global Literacy also aims to empower students with knowledge and take action to make
a positive impact in the world and their local community (Guo, 2014).
According to the Ontario Ministry of Education (2015) A global citizen should display
most or all of the following characteristics:
 Respect for humans no matter their race, gender, religion or political

perspectives.
 Respect for diversity and various perspectives.
 Promoting sustainable patterns of living, consumption, and production.
 Appreciate the natural world and demonstrate respectful towards the rights of all
living things.
GLOBALIZATION
Given the various interpretations of the meaning of globalization that individuals

possess, a clear definition of globalization must first acknowledge these various
perspectives. To begin, it seems that globalization brings to mind ideas about either
worldwide economics or historical-cultural dynamics more often prevalent in the social
studies curriculum (i.e. the study of societies and their cultures).
Globalization is a process, an active verb, and it is an ongoing, continuous action

that directly impacts localities that are globally interconnected. In this process of
globalization, the world becomes more integrated and connected via technology; and
more standardized via the mass migration of top-down macro level policies, which
include education policies.
21st Century Learning Skills
As part of the process of globalization, the integration of world economies

resulted in the expansion of the labor pool, which in turn pressured nations to respond
by revamping their education systems to adequately prepare citizens to compete in a
global economy.
21st Century Learning Skills are “soft” skills deemed necessary to succeed in
private industry, especially at a time when students who begin school are prepared for
jobs in the future that do not currently exist. Finally, these 21st century skills include
higher order thinking (i.e. critical thinking and problem solving), communication,
authentic learning, engaged learning, and technology integration.
MULTICULTURALISM
Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that

incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from
different cultural backgrounds. At the classroom level, for example, teachers may
modify or incorporate lessons to reflect the cultural diversity of the students in a
particular class. In many cases, “culture” is defined in the broadest possible sense,
encompassing race, ethnicity, nationality, language, religion, class, gender, sexual
orientation, and “exceptionality”—a term applied to students with specialized needs or
disabilities.
Generally speaking, multicultural education is predicated on the principle of

educational equity for all students, regardless of culture, and it strives to remove
barriers to educational opportunities and success for students from different cultural
backgrounds. In practice, educators may modify or eliminate educational policies,
programs, materials, lessons, and instructional practices that are either discriminatory
toward or insufficiently inclusive of diverse cultural perspectives. Multicultural education
also assumes that the ways in which students learn and think are deeply influenced by
their cultural identity and heritage, and that to teach culturally diverse students
effectively requires educational approaches that value and recognize their cultural
backgrounds. In this way, multicultural education aims to improve the learning and
success of all students, particularly students from cultural groups that have been
historically underrepresented or that suffer from lower educational achievement and
attainment.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
So, we need to learn how to communicate all over again, just like when we were
children. And just like when we were children, this requires learning language as well as
learning behavioral norms for good communication. However, this will be a bit different
since we're adults learning how to communicate in someone else's culture, not our own.
Intercultural communication is the verbal and nonverbal interaction between

people from different cultural backgrounds. Basically, 'inter-' is a prefix that means
'between' and cultural means culture, so intercultural communication is the
communication between cultures. Sometimes, this is used to describe a single person
trying to interact in a foreign environment but more often, it is a two-way street, where
people from both cultures are trying to improve their communication.
Now, if you want to learn about intercultural communication, it's important to

understand what this is. But it's also important to understand what it isn't. Intercultural
communication is targeted at allowing for positive and productive interaction. You are
not joining this culture, you are not becoming a member of another society, you are not
abandoning your own culture. That would be assimilation and that's not what we're
after.
Intercultural communication is also not simply a language proficiency. Yes,

communication requires the ability to understand language, but just think about how
much of your communication with even your own friends is nonverbal: our body
language, our attitudes, the rituals from hand-shaking to the stink eye. Some
researchers estimate that up to 93% of all human communication is nonverbal, although
according to recent studies, it's actually closer to 60%.
Still, that means that more than half of communication is never spoken. So,
intercultural communication is going to take a lot more than just learning a language.
The Dimensions of Multicultural Education
James A. Banks Dimensions of Multicultural Education is used widely by school districts

to conceptualize and develop courses, programs, and projects in multicultural
education. The five dimensions are:
(1) Content integration;
(2) The knowledge construction process;
(3) Prejudice reduction;
(4) An equity pedagogy; and
(5) An empowering school culture and social structure. Although each dimension
is conceptually distinct, in practice they overlap and are interrelated.
Content integration. Content integration deals with the extent to which teachers
use examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key
concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in their subject area or discipline. The
infusion of ethnic and cultural content into a subject area is logical and not contrived
when this dimension is implemented properly.
The knowledge construction process. The knowledge construction process

describes teaching activities that help students to understand, investigate, and
determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of references, perspectives,
and biases of researchers and textbook writers influence the ways in which knowledge
is constructed.
The knowledge construction process helps teachers and students to understand

why the cultural identities and social positions of researchers need to be taken into
account when assessing the validity of knowledge claims. Multicultural theories assert
that the values, personal histories, attitudes, and beliefs of researchers cannot be
separated from the knowledge they create. They consequently reject positivist claims of
disinterested and distancing knowledge production. They also reject the possibility of
creating knowledge that is not influenced by the cultural assumptions and social position
of the knowledge producer.
Prejudice reduction. The prejudice reduction dimension of multicultural

education seeks to help students develop positive and democratic racial attitudes. It
also helps students to understand how ethnic identity is influenced by the context of
schooling and the attitudes and beliefs of dominant social groups. The theory developed
by Gordon All port (1954) has significantly influenced research and theory in intergroup
relations. He hypothesized that prejudice can be reduced by interracial contact if the
contact situations have these characteristics:
(1) they are cooperative rather than competitive;
(2) the individuals experience equal status; and
(3) the contact is sanctioned by authorities such as parents, principals and teachers.
An equity pedagogy. An equity pedagogy exists when teachers modify their

teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse
racial, cultural, socioeconomic, and language groups. This includes using a variety of
teaching styles and approaches that are consistent with the range of learning styles
within various cultural and ethnic groups.
An equity pedagogy rejects the cultural deprivation paradigm that was developed
in the early 1960s. This paradigm posited that the socialization experiences in the home
and community of low-income students prevented them from attaining the knowledge,
skills, and attitudes needed for academic success. Because the cultural practices of
low-income students were viewed as inadequate and inferior, cultural deprivation
theorists focused on changing student behavior so that it aligned more closely with
mainstream school culture. An equity pedagogy assumes that students from diverse
cultures and groups come to school with many strengths.
ACTIVITY
A. Direction: Complete the following diagram.

B. In your own understanding answer the following questions:
1. What is globalization and its impact on education?
2. How does multiculturalism affect education?
3. Why globalization is important in education?
4. How can the differences between two cultures draw people closer to each
other, elaborate your answer and provide example.
SUMMARY
Globalization and Multicultural Literacy is knowledge of cultures and languages.

Multicultural Literacy consists of the skills and ability to identify the creators of
knowledge and their interests, to uncover the assumptions of knowledge, to view
knowledge from diverse ethnic and cultural perspective, and to use knowledge to
guided action that will create a humane and just world
Global Literacy aims to address issues of globalization, racism, diversity and social
justice.
Globalization is a process and it is an ongoing, continuous action that directly impacts
localities that are globally interconnected.
Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates
the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural
backgrounds.
Intercultural communication is the verbal and nonverbal interaction between people
from different cultural backgrounds.
The Dimensions of Multicultural Education: (1) Content integration; (2) The
knowledge construction process; (3) Prejudice reduction; (4) An equity pedagogy; and
(5) An empowering school culture and social structure. Although each dimension is
conceptually distinct, in practice they overlap and are interrelated.
POST TEST
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Globalization is:
a. The introduction of the internet to make us closer to others in the world.
b. The breakdown of traditional barriers between nations through technology and
transport
c. Faster travel around the world
d. The movement of people and ideas around the world.
2. What are some positive effects of Globalization?
a. Increased freedom to travel and immigrate, better access to medicine,
information, and technology.
b. Lower prices for developed countries and low paying jobs in underdeveloped
countries
c. Less pollution in the world
d. All of the above
3. Globalization is good because of an ________________ in standard of living, but is
bad because there is a _____________ in local cultures and traditions
a. Increase / decrease
b. Decrease / increase
c. Increase / increase
d. Decrease / decrease
4. Multiculturalism is...
a. Many different ethnic groups living together in the same society.
b. Many different people living in cities.
c. People from many nations joining a culture.
d. None of the above
5. A city full of people from many different cultures is a __________ city
a. Multinational
b. Multicolored
c. Multicultural
d. Multifunctional
6. When there is a wide range of people and traditions, we say there is
a. Prejudice
b. Diversity
c. Racism
d. Tolerance
7. What is intercultural awareness?
a. Being aware of your own culture
b. Being aware
c. Being aware of others
d. Being aware of everyone's culture
8. Diversity in the workplace can be based on
a. Ethnic heritage
b. Age or gender.
c. Religion
d. All of the above
9. As it pertains to communication, culture influences the
a. Meanings of words
b. Importance of nonverbal signals.
c. Use of time and space
d. All of the above
10. What is Intercultural Communication?
a. Interactions that occur between people from their same culture
b. Interactions between people in the same country
c. Interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the
communication between them is altered
READINGS AND REFERENCES
Multicultural Education - History, The Dimensions of Multicultural Education, Evidence

of the Effectiveness of Multicultural Education - Students, Cultural, Ethnic, and School -
StateUniversity.com https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2252/Multicultural-
Education.html#ixzz6VGyt28xP
http://multipleliteraciessurrycounty.pbworks.com/w/page/11258056/Globalization%20an
d%20Multicultural
https://21stcenturyliteracy214.wordpress.com/test-2/
http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncc/f/Menand_uncc_0694D_10458.pdf
https://study.com/academy/lesson/intercultural-communication-definition-model-
strategies.html#:~:text=Intercultural%20communication%20is%20the%20verbal,is%20t
he%20communication%20between%20cultures.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5873e39c4748f5200b1ee36d/21st-century-skills
OUTLINE
Module 2: Social Literacy

Lesson 1: Social cognition and social skills
Lesson 2: Emotional Intelligence
Lesson 3: People Skills
OUTCOMES

a. discuss concepts of social cognition and social skills;
b. explain emotional intelligence; and
c. understand the importance of having great soft skills also known as people
skills.
OVERVIEW
Social Literacy is a student’s successful performance and understanding

of social Skills, organizational skills, and communication skills. It is the student
ability to connect effectively with those around them. Social literacy spans across
interacting with peers, family, co-workers, teachers, and even people we may not
have met face to face.
Social literacy is so crucial in a person’s success. The ability to

communicate and voice opinions and thoughts, as well as listening to opinions
and thoughts of others, is essential in learning. Firmly grasping social cues and
norms is extremely beneficial. In literally every single setting of our lives, school,
home, work, clubs and activities, interacting with people (whether face to face or
behind technology), we use our social literacy. We play so many roles every day
and we socially need to understand how to play those roles appropriately. For
example: I would speak differently with my friends than I would my mother, or I
would chat on Facebook differently than I would while emailing a professor.
Without an understanding of this communication, one cannot function with
success in society.
PRE-TEST
As an initial phase of understanding Social literacy, it is better to

determine how familiar we are with the topic by simply answering the given
questions.
Direction: Choose the best answers.
1. The following are examples of “people skills” and attributes you’ll need to
succeed EXCEPT:
a. Patience with others.
b. The ability to trust others.
c. Knowing how and when to show empathy.
d. Weak communication skills.
2. What is the other term for soft skills?
a. Social Skills
b. Social Cognition
c. People Skills
d. Emotional Intelligence
3. It refers to the ability to communicate and voice opinions and thoughts, as well
as listening to opinions and thoughts of others, is essential in learning.
a. Social Literacy
b. Social Cognition
c. People Skills
4. According to Salovey & Mayer, 1990 ____________ is being able to monitor
and regulate one’s own and others’ feelings, and to use feelings to guide
thought and action”
a. Social Skills
b. Social Cognition
c. People Skills
5. It refers to the study of the mental processes that are involved in perceiving,
remembering, thinking about, and attending to the other people in our social
world.
a. Social Skills
b. Social Cognition
c. People Skills
KEY CONCEPTS
SOCIAL COGNITION
What Is Social Cognition?
Social cognition involves:
 The processes involved in perceiving other people and how we come to know
about the people in the world around us.
 The study of the mental processes that are involved in perceiving, remembering,
thinking about, and attending to the other people in our social world.
 The reasons we attend to certain information about the social world, how this
information is stored in memory, and how it is then used to interact with other
people.
SOCIAL SKILLS
What is Social Skills?
Social skills are the skills we use to communicate and interact with each other,
both verbally and non-verbally, through gestures, body language and our personal
appearance. Human beings are sociable creatures and we have developed many ways
to communicate our messages, thoughts and feelings with others. What is said is
influenced by both verbal language and the way we use it - tone of voice, volume of
speech and the words we choose - as well as by more subtle messages such as body
language, gestures and other non-verbal communication methods. The fact that some
people are better 'social interactors' than others has led to detailed investigations into
the nature and function of interpersonal interaction.
Developing social skills is about being aware of how we communicate with

others, the messages we send and how methods of communication can be improved to
make the way we communicate more efficient and effective.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Definition
1. “Emotional intelligence is your ability to recognize and understand emotions in

yourself and others, and your ability to use this awareness to manage your behaviour
and relationships” (Bradberry & Greaves, 2009).
2. “Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and
those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves
and in our relationships” (Goleman, 1998).
3. “Being able to monitor and regulate one’s own and others’ feelings, and to use
feelings to guide thought and action” (Salovey & Mayer, 1990).
PEOPLE SKILLS
Do you think you’re qualified for a particular job, fit to lead a team, or entitled to a
promotion because you have extensive experience and highly developed technical
skills? Well, it turns out that while those things are crucial to your professional success,
it’s imperative that you also have great soft skills--more commonly known as “people
skills.”
“People skills are, in short, the various attributes and competencies that allow
one to play well with others,” explains says David Parnell, a legal consultant,
communication coach and author. “While on the surface these may be summed up by
notions such as ‘likeability,’ or having a ‘good personality,’ when you start to look at
what makes one ‘likable,’ for instance, you've opened Pandora 's Box.” But more often
than not, these attributes come in the form of effective, accurate and persuasive
communication, he says.
Teri Hockett, chief executive of What’s for Work? a career site for women,
agrees. She says: “People skills come down to how people interact with each other,
from a verbal and/or non-verbal perspective; they are non-technical in nature. When we
think of people skills, words such as personality, empathy, and tonality come to mind.”
Here are 20 “people skills” and attributes you’ll need to succeed:

1. The ability to relate to others. 12. The ability to keep an open mind.
2. Strong communication skills. 13. A great sense of humor.
3. Patience with others. 14. Knowing your audience.
4. The ability to trust others. 15. Honesty.
5. Knowing how and when to show 16. Awareness of body language.
empathy. 17. Proactive problem solving.
6. Active listening skills. 18. Leadership skills.
7. Genuine interest in others. 19. Good manners.
8. Flexibility. 20. The ability to be supportive and
9. Good judgment. motivate others.
10. The ability to persuade others.
11. Negotiation skills.
ACTIVITY
A. Give at least 4 benefits of Social literacy in Education.
1.
2.
3.
4.

1. Why is social literacy important?
2. What is the role of social literacy in the school?
3. How do you develop social skills?
4. How can we incorporate social literacy in the classroom?
SUMMARY
Social Literacy is a student’s successful performance and understanding of social

Skills, organizational skills, and communication skills.
Social skills are the skills we use to communicate and interact with each other, both
verbally and non-verbally, through gestures, body language and our personal
appearance.
Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and
those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves
and in our relationships”
People skills are, in short, the various attributes and competencies that allow one to
play well with others.”
POST TEST
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Social skills include all of the following EXCEPT

a. Showing basic politeness.
b. Smile when you greet and talk with others.
c. Disrespect the rights of others.
d. Show appreciation for and praise what others do.
2. To communicate well, you must be able to
a. Express yourself clearly.
b. Stick to your point.
c. Speak clearly.
d. All answers are correct.
3. Active listening includes
a. Making eye contact.
b. Stating your opinion.
c. Nodding your head in understanding.
d. Both making eye contact and nodding your head.
4. Which of the following is pushy and disrespectful behavior?
a. Assertive behavior
b. Passive behavior
c. Behavior
d. Aggressive behaviour
5. What is not a good way to work with others?
a. Identify the task to be completed
b. Assign each person a task
c. Discuss ideas in a calm, quiet voice, and let everyone share their ideas
d. Debate ideas in an angry, loud voice, and only let yourself speak
B. Direction Identify whether given is True or False. Write T if the statement is

True and F if it is not.
1. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to identify your own emotions and those of others.
2. Emotions determine how we respond to others.
3. Emotional responses are quick and it takes practice to manage them.
4. Emotionally intelligent people do not accept their emotions and take ownership of
their actions. They do not use questions to develop better self-awareness.
5. Empathy is being able to imagine how others feel.
https://360430028271334326.weebly.com/#:~:text=Social%20Literacy%20is%20a%20s
tudents,effectively%20with%20those%20around%20them.
https://www.verywellmind.com/social-cognition-
2795912#:~:text=Social%20cognition%20is%20a%20sub,play%20in%20our%20social
%20interactions.
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-
skills.html#:~:text=Social%20skills%20are%20the%20skills,thoughts%20and%20feeling
s%20with%20others.
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-skills.html
https://www.cu.edu/sites/default/files/EI%20Participant%20Guide%20Updated%202015
.pdf
OUTLINE
Module 3: Media Literacy

Lesson 1: Definition and aspects of Media Information Literacy (MIL)
Lesson 2: Dimensions of MIL
Lesson 3: Advantages and disadvantages of Media and Information
OUTCOMES

a. define Media Information Literacy;
b. discuss the Aspects and 7 dimensions of Media Information Literacy; and
c. explain the advantages and disadvantages of media and information.
OVERVIEW
In the Digital Age we find ourselves in, the media are in upheaval. Tremendous
changes in the way information is packaged, received, retrieved and shared have
sparked fascination, confusion and peril-especially when it comes to news, which is so
essential in democracies (Clay Shirky, 2010).
In this media turmoil which threatens our ability to oversee the people who act on
our behalf, digital citizens of today’s world need a media environment that serves us
both as individuals and as a society; and acquire media and information literacy skills to
enable us not just keep politicians in check but also to balance the power of the many
other people and institutions we rely on, e.g. the police, doctors, technocrats,
researchers, bankers, etc., and all other people who make decisions that affect us
without requiring or allowing our direct input.
PRE-TEST
As an initial phase of understanding Media literacy, it is better to determine how

familiar we are with the topic by simply answering the given questions.
Direction: Write A if the statement is correct and B if it is not.
1. Creating media and information: ability to judge the credibility, accuracy and
objectivity of sources.
2. Evaluating media and information: critical attitude and skills in how to construct
media and information.
3. Demanding media and information: content decoding skills and responsible

strategies for applying content to one’s daily life.
4. Knowing how media work: knowledge about media and information systems,
organizations, routines and effects.
5. Participating in media: critical attitudes and knowledge of where and how to

interact with journalists and editors of media, as well as with other citizens via old and
new media.
6. Media literate citizens can engage with media and information providers for
self-expression, life-long learning, democratic participation, and good governance.
7. Using media quality and rights: critical demand for and defense of good media
and information.
8. Accessing media and information: technical skills for accessing suitable media
and information sources.
9. Technical skills involve being able to access and use computers, mobile and
other technical devices that offer media and information content.
10. Connects learning with real life and makes media culture as a rich
environment of learning is one of the advantages of media information literacy.
KEY CONCEPTS
Defining Media & Information Literacy
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is used as a composite concept to refer

to a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understand,
evaluate and use, create, as well as share information and media content in all formats,
using various tools, in a critical, ethical and effective way, in order to participate and
engage in personal, professional and societal activities.
Media literate citizens can:

a) access, find, evaluate, use the information they need in ethical and effective ways;
b) understand the role and functions of media and other information providers such as
libraries, museums and archives, including those on the Internet, in democratic societies
and in the lives of individuals;
c) understand the conditions under which media and information providers can best fulfil
their roles and functions;
d) critically evaluate information and media content from a variety of sources;
e) engage with media and information providers for self-expression, life-long learning,
democratic participation, and good governance; and
f) enhance the skills (including ICT skills) needed to produce content in a variety of
media formats .
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) therefore brings together Information

Literacy and Media Literacy, along with Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) and Digital Literacy, as a new literacy construct that helps empower
people, communities and nations to participate in and contribute to global knowledge
societies.
ASPECTS OF MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY
MIL is the optimal outcome of media, information and communication technology

(ICT) education. This begs the question, however, of what outcomes might specifically
be regarded as MIL. Three options can be discerned in the literature: technical skills,
critical attitudes, and facts about media and ICT.
Technical skills
Involve being able to access and use computers, mobile and other technical
devices that offer media and information content. UNESCO’s (2011, 31) MIL curriculum
defines this aspect of MIL as “accessing information effectively and efficiently.” It is
important to stress that technical skills are an absolute prerequisite for being able to put
MIL into practice. In many countries, MIL projects have to start with basic courses in
Digital Media and Information Literacy. Only then are participants able to access and
utilize these resources and only then does it make sense to convey knowledge about
these resources and foster critical attitudes towards them.
Content decoding skills
They involve being able to deconstruct and analyze media messages (Mihailidis
2009, 7), but also knowing one’s own information needs and being skilled at gratifying
them (Groeben 2002, 17).
Media compositional skills
Dieter Baacke has also included what he calls media compositional skills in his
model of media competence. This involves creating new kinds of media content,
encouraging self-determination, and increasing individuals’ chances for participation
(Baacke 1996, 113). So MIL decidedly involves a performative aspect, since literacy
always entails the competence to be able to do rather than just to know certain things.
Knowing facts about media and ICT is the outcome perhaps most associated
with traditional school and tertiary education, however. Writing for CIMA, Susan D.
Moeller (2009, 7) has summarized this facet of MIL from the user perspective, arguing
media consumers ought to be able to identify news, know how media decide what
matters, and understand media’s role in shaping global issues. Similarly, Norbert
Groeben (2002) has pointed out the importance of knowledge of the inner workings
(contexts, routines, contents) and the effects of the media.
Fostering certain attitudes towards the media and other information sources
involves both being critical of the possible negative effects of the media and a readiness
to positively defend the media against possible sources of influence.
SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MIL
Based on the considerations above, we identify MIL as empowering knowledge,

skills, and attitudes in several distinct areas – which we term the seven MIL
competencies. They do not only apply to traditional media, but also to ways in which
social media are used to attain useful and relevant information.
1. Accessing media and information: technical skills for accessing suitable media and
information sources
2. Using media and information: content decoding skills and responsible strategies for
applying content to one’s daily life
3. Evaluating media and information: ability to judge the credibility, accuracy and
objectivity of sources
4. Creating media and information: critical attitude and skills in how to construct
media and information
5. Participating in media: critical attitudes and knowledge of where and how to interact
with journalists and editors of media, as well as with other citizens via old and new
media
6. Knowing how media work: knowledge about media and information systems,
organizations, routines and effects
7. Demanding media quality and rights: critical demand for and defence of good
media and information sources.
ADVANTAGES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1. Meets the needs of students to be wise consumers of media
2. Connects learning with real life and makes media culture as a rich environment of
learning
3. Gives students and teachers alike a common approach to critical thinking

4. Provides an opportunity for integrating all subject areas
5. Helps the people to meet state standards
6. Increases the ability and proficiency of students
7. Media literacy’s "inquiry process" transforms teaching
8. Focuses on process skills rather than content knowledge
9. Uses replicable model for implementation
10. Not only benefits individual students but benefits society

DISADVANTAGES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1. It has a potential for distraction
2. It could be blamed for poor writing among students
3. It promotes overreliance on the internet
4. It gives room to cyber bullying
5. It can corrupt morals
ACTIVITY
Picture Accent Process:

A. Direction: Search for pictures of the different new media available in the market.
Paste them in the boxes below and give a few descriptions about the pictures.
B. In your own opinion answer the following questions:
1. What is media literacy and why is it important?
2. What are the example of media and information literacy?
3. What is the purpose of media information literacy?
4. How do you define information literacy?
SUMMARY
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) therefore brings together Information Literacy
and Media Literacy, along with Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
and Digital Literacy, as a new literacy construct that helps empower people,
communities and nations to participate in and contribute to global knowledge societies.
Aspects of Media Information Literacy; Technical skills, Content decoding skills and
Media compositional skills.
Seven Dimensions of MIL; Accessing media and information, using media and
information, evaluating media and information, creating media and information,
participating in media, knowing how media work, and demanding media quality and
rights.
The effect of social media on education is not all black and white. It can be a distraction
or you could use it to collaborate with others. It all depends on how you as a student,
choose to use it.
POST TEST
Direction: Chose the letter of the correct answer.

1. When finding a reliable source, which of these is important to do:
a. Verify the date on the website
b. Look at all the advertisements
c. Change all the information on the website
d. Copy all the text word for word and say it's your own
2. Url extension: edu means
a. Government website
b. Organization website
c. Network website
d. Educational website
3. How will you know if the information in the media is reliable?
a. Find out the author of the site and their point of view.
b. Look at all the advertisements.
c. Change all the information on the website.
d. Make sure the site has cool videos.
4. When researching a topic which of these would likely be most reliable?
a. A blog
b. A Facebook page
c. Twitter
d. A registered site
5. Digital literacy is the ability to:
a. Be able to read words on the computer
b. Knowing how to use a computer
c. Communicate with other people using a computer
d. Confidently and effectively participate in a digital environment using a range of
digital technologies
6. Learning to access, analyse, evaluate and create media in a variety of forms
a. Media Literacy
b. Propaganda
c. Point of View
d. Surfing the web
7. Websites, magazines, news, games, TV shows, and advertisements are all types of
a. Illustrations
b. Social Networks
c. Media
d. Technology
8. Which is NOT a digital media?
a. ESPN TV
b. Twitter
c. TIME Magazine
d. Google
9. Jacobs favorite Super bowl commercial is the Doritos commercial because it is funny,
this is ____________ media.
a. Cool
b. Digital
c. Print
d. Funny
10. What is the purpose of Media Literacy?
a. To read more books.
b. To persuade, inform and entertain your target audience with different media.
c. To watch more videos on the internet.
d. Watch TV interview
https://360430028271334326.weebly.com/#:~:text=Social%20Literacy%20is%20a%20s
tudents,effectively%20with%20those%20around%20them.
https://www.verywellmind.com/social-cognition-
2795912#:~:text=Social%20cognition%20is%20a%20sub,play%20in%20our%20social
%20interactions.
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-
skills.html#:~:text=Social%20skills%20are%20the%20skills,thoughts%20and%20feeling
s%20with%20others.
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-skills.html
https://www.cu.edu/sites/default/files/EI%20Participant%20Guide%20Updated%202015
.pdf
OUTLINE
Lesson 1: Financial Planning/Goal Setting and Valuing
Lesson 2: Budgeting, Spending and Investing
Lesson 3: Savings and Banking
Lesson 4: Avoiding Financial Scams
Lesson 5: Insurance and Taxes
Lesson 6: Tips on Being Financially Stable
OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the learners should be able to:

a. define financial planning;
b. give the importance of financial planning: and
c. make a financial plan.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! You are about to explore the world of financial planning. This module will
help you know the start of becoming successful individual. Your journey in reaching
success is about to begin through the knowledge you’re going to learn about financial
planning. This module will equip you with the knowledge about making financial plan
and the importance of it in your life.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
Directions: Identify what is being asked or describe in each sentence. Write the
letter of your answer on the space provided.
__________ 1. It is the task of determining how a business will afford to achieve

its strategic goals and objectives?
a. financial literacy c. financial planning
b. financial outlining d. financial problem
__________ 2. It helps trigger new behaviors, helps guides your focus and helps
you sustain that momentum in life.
a. Goal c. financial literacy
b. Goal setting d. financial planning
__________ 3. It helps align your focus and promote a sense of self-mastery.

a. Goal c. financial literacy
b. Goal setting d. financial planning
__________ 4. It is a goal someone sets to accomplish or master something.

a. Mastery goal c. performance-avoidance goal
b. Performance-approach goal d. goal setting
__________ 5. It is a goal where someone tries to avoid doing worse than their
peers such as a goal to avoid negative feedback.
a. Mastery goal c. performance-avoidance goal
b. Performance-approach goal d. goal setting
B. DISCUSSION:
Directions: Read and understand the selection then answer the questions
below.
Financial planning is the task of determining how a business will afford to

achieve its strategic goals and objectives. Usually, a company creates a
Financial Plan immediately after the vision and objectives have been set.
The Financial Plan describes each of the activities, resources, equipment
and materials that are needed to achieve these objectives, as well as the
timeframes involved.
The Financial Planning activity involves the following tasks:
 Assess the business environment

 Confirm the business vision and objectives
 Identify the types of resources needed to achieve these objectives
 Quantify the amount of resource (labor, equipment, materials)
 Calculate the total cost of each type of resource
 Summarize the costs to create a budget
 Identify any risks and issues with the budget set.
Performing Financial Planning is critical to the success of any
organization. It provides the Business Plan with rigor, by confirming that the
objectives set are achievable from a financial point of view. It also helps the
CEO to set financial targets for the organization, and reward staff for
meeting objectives within the budget set.
The role of financial planning includes three categories:
1. Strategic role of financial management

2. Objectives of financial management
3. The planning cycle
When drafting a financial plan, the company should establish the planning horizon
which is the time period of the plan, whether it be on a short-term (usually 12
months) or long-term (2–5 years) basis. Also, the individual projects and
investment proposals of each operational unit within the company should be
totaled and treated as one large project. This process is called aggregation.
Goal setting does not have to be boring. There are many benefits and advantages
to having a set of goals to work towards. Setting goals helps trigger new
behaviors, helps guides your focus and helps you sustain that momentum in life.
Goals also help align your focus and promote a sense of self-mastery.
The Importance and Value of Goal Setting

Up until 2001, goals were divided into three types or groups (Elliot and McGregor
(2001):
1. Mastery goals
2. Performance-approach goals
3. Performance-avoidance goals
A mastery goal is a goal someone sets to accomplish or master something such
as “I will score higher in this event next time.” A performance-approach goal is a
goal where someone tries to do better than his or her peers. This type of goal
could be a goal to look better by losing 5 pounds or getting a better performance
review. A performance-avoidance goal is a goal where someone tries to avoid
Questions:
doing worse than their peers such as a goal to avoid negative feedback.
1. What is financial planning?
2.Five goal-setting
Differentiate principles
mastery thatperformance
goal, – approach
can help improve your chances
goal ofand
success
performance-
avoidance goal.
1. the
3. Are Clarity is important when
five goal-setting it comes
principles to goals.inSetting
important goals
financial that are clear
planning? Why?and
specific eliminate the confusion that occurs when a goal is set in a more
generic manner.
C. ACTIVITY:
2. Challenging goals stretch your mind and cause you to think bigger. This
Directions: Answer the following.
helps you accomplish more. Each success you achieve helps you build a
1. In fivewinning mindset.
sentences, define financial planning.
2. Explain the importance of financial planning in your life.
3. Commitment is also important. If you don’t commit to your goal with
3. Usingeverything
Make a sample financial
you have it is lessplan.
likely you will achieve it.
4. Feedback helps you know what you are doing right and how you are doing.
This allows you to adjust your expectations and your plan of action going
forward.
5. Task Complexity is the final factor. It’s important to set goals that are
Remember:
aligned with the goal’s complexity.
SUMMARY
 Financial planning is the task of determining how a business will afford to

achieve its strategic goals and objectives.
 Setting goals helps trigger new behaviors, helps guides your focus and helps
you sustain that momentum in life.
 There are three types of goals namely the mastery goal, performance
approach goal and performance-avoidance goal.
 There are five goal-setting principles that can help improve your chances of
success. These are clarity, challenging goals, commitment, feedback and
task complexity.
READINGS/ REFERENCES
www.clevergirlfinance.com
www.economics.indiatimes.com
www.en.wikipedia.org>wik>Financial_planning
www.bpi-philam.com>finance-andinsurance
www.milliondollarjourney.com
www.sagavestwealth.com
www.idunote.com
OUTLINE

Lesson 2: Budgeting, Spending and Investing
OUTCOMES

a. define budgeting, spending and investing;
b. give the importance budgeting, spending and investing: and
c. apply budgeting, spending and investing in your life.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Discipline is important in achieving a successful life. It should be the first
thing to be in mind when we are talking about budgeting, spending and investing. This
time, we are going to learn about the importance of it in our daily living. Let’s begin.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
Directions: List down 3 situations that you usually do the following.
1. Budgeting
2. Spending
3. Investing
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
What is a Budget?
A budget is a spending plan, a tool to put you in control of your money. It shows
how much money you have, where it needs to go to meet your needs and wants
and when you will be able to reach your financial goals.
Steps in Budgeting
Step 1: Identify your net monthly income
Calculate how much money you receive each month. This is the money that
comes into your household, after deducting taxes, pension dues, insurance, etc.
Consider all sources of income.
Step 2: Identify your monthly expenses

Monthly expenses include rent and utilities, as well as those that occur
periodically, like car insurance and medical expenses. Don’t overlook any
expenses; not all your expenses are paid monthly.
Step 3: Subtract your monthly expenses from your income

The difference between your income and expenses indicates whether or not
you have any money to spare. If you have extra money, you’ll need to decide
whether to spend or save it. Can you reduce expenses or earn more money to
cover shortages? By distinguishing between needs and wants, you can better
identify areas where you might be overspending.
To continue the budgeting process, complete the form on the next step.
Step 4: Assess and rework your budget

At the end of each month, look over your expenditure to see if they are
matching up to your budget. If they are not, determine if you need to work harder to
stick to your plan, or if you need to rework your budget to reflect your actual
spending.
While identifying your monthly expenses you may realize that there seems to be
more money going out than is recorded. That is because every family has spending
“leakage” – little expenses that are not accounted for but add up.
INVESTING VS. SPENDING: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

Investing and spending share a similar characteristic: you spend the money
when you buy things like a new phone, a car, or investment assets. But where is
the line between spending and investing?
SPENDING
Merriam-Webster defines “spending” as “to use up or pay out.” Generally,
you spend money to preserve your lifestyle, which includes paying off bills, utilities,
and rent. You also expend money for food, transportation, debt, subscriptions like
Netflix and Spotify, phone bill, and other fixed expenses. These are the type of
expenses that you can no longer recover—gone. Spending isn’t innately bad. It’s
your hard-earned money. You have the liberty to reward yourself with a treat to the
cinema or buy yourself plane tickets for that much-needed vacation if it brings you
value and enhances your well-being. However, this goes out of hand when you
start spending on “wants” that are unnecessary and which costs beyond your
means, such as a car, discounted airfares (which you don't necessarily need and
will only require you to spend more for travel expenses), fancy clothes and shoes,
and new gadgets, and more. Spending is more about trading your currency for
goods and/or services that covers your fixed expenses to sustain your living. Often,
C. ACTIVITY:
youDirections:
disburse a good
Answerportion (sometimes more) of cash exhausted on things to
the following.
satisfy your instant gratification (e.g., new shoes, clothes, accessories).
1. What is budgeting, spending and investing?
2. Is it important to learn budgeting, spending and investing? Why?
INVESTING
Merriam-Webster defines investing as a way “to commit (money) in order to
earn a financial return” and “to make use of for future benefits or advantages.” In
essence, investing is purchasing items, like an investment vehicle, that serves you
in the future. These are the smart purchases you make that can bring in more
money. It means using your money to get bigger gains and rewards. You put it into
a vehicle where there is an opportunity to grow when done right. While you invest
to earn more money, it also comes with risks of potential loss. It’s crucial that you
review your financial situation, your goals, and investment options to find the best
one that suits your needs and financial status. When investing, it’s critical that you
don’t just put your money in investment vehicles willy-nilly, but you invest wisely.
Investing is just another way of spending money, but it is disbursed with the goal of
bringing future returns. Additionally, investing is usually carried for long-term
financial goals, such as life insurance, real estate property, retirement, and your
children’s education fund. You’re still “spending” your money, albeit now with the
intent of preparing you and securing you financially for the future.
3 TIPS FOR MAKING BETTER FINANCIAL DECISIONS
Manage your spending first

If you're having a hard time keeping your impulsive spending habits in check,
might as well leave your credit cards and debit cards in safe storage at home.
Instead, only carry your daily allowance and a little extra cash for emergencies.
Alternatively, you can bring a debit card containing your allowance until the next
payday. Setting your spending habits straight will train you to spend wisely and
keep your money where it should be. This is an excellent way to kick-start your
investment journey!
1. Set a budget and stick to it

Sit down and gather your receipts, bills, and statements of accounts to
determine your monthly costs and to set your budget. It’s time to plan your finances
and stick to it. For starters, you can practice the 50/20/30 saving and spending rule.
You allocate 50% of your income to your living expenses and other essentials, 20%
to your savings and investments, and 30% to your personal spending budget. You
can adjust it as you see fit in your financial standing and goals.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Budgeting is a tool to put you in control of your money
 Spending is to use up your money to sustain your lifestyle.
 Investing is to earn financial return.
www.idunote.com
OUTLINE
Lesson 3: Savings and Banking
OUTCOMES

a. define saving and banking; and
b. give the importance of saving and banking.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Saving and Banking are the ways for us to secure our future. It is good for
and individual learn about it because you are already securing your future if you are
already doing this. This module help you realize the importance of it in your life. Let’s
start!
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
“DESIGNING YOUR LIFE IS THE FIRST STEP TO SECURE YOUR FUTURE”
Make a poster out of this quotation.
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
Savings is the money a person has left over when

they subtract their consumer spending from their disposable
income over a given time period. Savings can be used to
increase income through investing.
It refers to the amount left over after an individual's
consumer spending is subtracted from the amount of
disposable income earned in a given period of time and can
be used to increase income through investing.
Examples of Bank Savings Accounts

A checking account offers unrestricted access to
money with low or no monthly fees. Money is transacted
through online transfers, automated teller machines (ATMs),
debit card purchases or by writing personal checks. A
checking account pays lower interest rates than other bank
accounts.
A savings account pays interest on cash not needed

for daily expenses but available for an emergency. Deposits
and withdrawals are made by phone, mail or at a bank branch
or ATM. Interest rates are higher than on checking accounts.
The best savings accounts can usually be found online
because they'll pay a higher interest rate.
A money market account requires a higher minimum

balance, pays more interest than other bank accounts and
allows few monthly withdrawals through check-writing
privileges or debit card use.
A certificate of deposit (CD) limits access to cash for a

certain period in exchange of a higher interest rate. Deposit terms
range from three months to five years; the longer the term, the higher
the interest rate. CDs have early-withdrawal penalties that can erase
interest earned, so it is best to keep the money in the CD for the
entire term. Shopping around for the best CD rate is critical if you
want to maximize your investment.
Banking is an industry that handles cash, credit, and other

financial transactions. Banks provide a safe place to store extra cash
and credit. They offer savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and
checking accounts. Banks use these deposits to make loans. These
loans include home mortgages, business loans, and car loans.
How It Works?
Banks are a safe place to deposit excess cash. Banks also pay
savers a small percent of the deposited amount based on an
interest rate. Banks are currently not required to keep any
percentage of each deposit on hand, though the Federal Reserve
can change this. That regulation is called the reserve requirement.
Types of Banks
Banks can be placed into certain categories based on the type of business they
conduct. Commercial banks provide services to private individuals and
businesses. Retail banking provides credit, deposit, and money management to
individuals and families. Community banks are smaller than commercial banks. They
concentrate on the local market. They provide more personalized service and build
relationships with their customers. Internet banking provides these services via the
world wide web. The sector is also called E-banking, online banking, and net banking.
Most other banks now offer online services. There are many online-only banks. Since
they have no branches, they can pass cost savings onto the consumer. Savings and
loans are specialized banking entities, created to promote affordable home
ownership. Often these banks will offer a higher interest rate to depositors as they
raise money to lend for mortgages. Customers own their credit unions. This
ownership structure allows them to provide low-cost and more personalized services.
You must be a member of their field of membership to join. That could be employees
of companies or schools or residents of a geographic region.
C. ACTIVITY:
Make an essay about definition of saving and banking and give the
importance of it to you as an individual.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Savings is the money a person has left over when they subtract their consumer
spending from their disposable income over a given time period. Savings can be
used to increase income through investing.
 Banking is an industry that handles cash, credit, and other financial transactions.
REFERENCES
OUTLINE

Lesson 4: Avoiding Financial Scams
OUTCOMES

a. identify the different financial scams: and
b. determine the ways in avoiding financial scams.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Financial Scams are very rampant nowadays. Being aware of the these
will help you deal with ease. Now that we are living in a modern society, scams are also
leveling up. Using of technologies are usually the medium to do this kind of activities.
Thus time, we are going to learn how to handle this scams carefully. Beware of
scammers.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
Define the word scam using the letters of the word itself.
S-
C-
A-
M-
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
It’s an unfortunate fact that there are criminals out there whose only job is
to part you from your hard-earned wealth. They work around the clock, operating
a variety of common financial scams designed to steal your personal information
and/or your money. To protect your assets from exploitation, you need to remain
vigilant.
1) ‘Too Good To Be True’ Investment Scams

Common investment scams include:
 Pyramid or Ponzi schemes provide enticing ‘earnings’ the more people
you sign up. However, they use the registration money from new recruits to
provide the ‘profits’. These schemes are illegal.
 Lunch or dinner presentations offering real estate or other investment
opportunities, with high pressure sales tactics for dessert.
 Penny stocks are sold online, enticing hungry investors with high returns.
Once people buy in and the prices rise, the scammers empty the coffers,
making the value plunge, and leaving you with worthless ‘investments’.
The best way to avoid investment scams is to work with a trusted wealth
manager.
2) Phishing Emails
This email looks like a genuine notification from your financial institution,
stating that there’s a problem with your account or credit card. To resolve it, you’ll
need to click on the link provided, sign into your account, and update your
information. While the website you’re directed to looks authentic, it’s not. Any
information you input, including logins and passwords, will be stolen and used to
access your accounts.
Never click on an email link, especially if there are spelling mistakes,
grammatical errors, or blurry logos. Check website urls are secure i.e., begin
with ‘https://’ (with the ‘s’ standing for secure). Also, remember that your
financial institution has your information on file and therefore doesn’t need to
‘confirm it’.
3) Tax Scams
These surface each tax season. You receive a phone call from someone
claiming to be from the IRS. They either demand money for overdue taxes, or ask
you to verify your personal information, including your Social Security number.
They may even threaten consequences if you don’t comply.
It may look and sound like they’re from the IRS, but villains can spoof phone
numbers to make the caller ID read ‘IRS’. They even steal real tax inspectors’
information to appear more authentic. However, the IRS never calls without prior
notification. Avoid tax scams by working with a trusted tax professional,
paying your taxes on time, and filing early so no one else can claim any
potential refund.
4) Prize-Winning Scams
This scam begins with premium text and phone rates to ‘claim’ your prize. You then discover
that to access it, you’ll need to:
 Send a wire to cover ‘processing fees’, ‘taxes’, or ‘customs duty’. You’ll never see that
money again, nor the prize money.
 Provide your bank information. Unfortunately, the scammers intend to empty your
account, not deposit prize money into it.
In the excitement of hearing you’ve won a holiday or the lottery, it can be hard to stop
and remember that you didn’t enter anything, so this is a scam.
5) Small Business Scams

Again, these come in many formats. For example:
 Fake invoices, often labelled ‘outstanding’ to make you pay hurriedly.
 Phone calls claiming there’s a problem with your utilities, taxes, professional
credentials, etc The caller will request credit card or other sensitive information.
 An IT ‘specialist’ calls. They need access to your system to ‘fix an issue’ with your
technology. Instead, they’ll install malware, or even download files from your computer
during the screen-share session.
 While some sales calls inviting you to sign up for directory listings may be genuine,
some are for that don’t even exist.
6) Charitable Scams
Charitable scams are often prevalent by email, door-to-door collections or social media,
following a natural disaster or other newsworthy crisis. Research charities before donating.
Donate online at the charity’s official website, or we can help you establish a donor
advised fund to meet your planned giving needs and potentially provide tax benefits.
7) The Family Emergency Scam

A disturbing scam that often targets grandparents with a call or email claiming that your
grandchild’s in trouble and needs money wired urgently.
Scammers rely on your emotional response. However, as with all financial decisions, it’s
important to act rationally. Start by checking in with your family. Chances are, they’re all
OK.
8) The ‘Nigerian Prince’ Scam

Someone from overseas emails you, claiming that they need to urgently deposit money in the
US. If you’ll let them use your bank account, you can keep a cut of the money. While the
reasons and characters change (they may even claim to be a distant relative), the outcome
doesn’t: If you provide your banking information, your accounts will be emptied. Use your spam
filter to weed out such requests, or simply delete them from your inbox.
9) The Mailed Check Scam

You receive what looks like a real check in the mail. The scammers tell you that they’ve
accidentally overpaid your ‘reimbursement’. They instruct you to cash the check at the bank
and, while you’re there, wire them the over-payment amount. You follow their instructions, only
to have the bank return the check as fake a few days later. You lose the wired money, plus any
bank fees.
Never cash a check you’re not expecting.
10) Free Trial Scams
These start out as free or inexpensive e.g., a magazine subscription. However, they
typically auto-renew, often with inflated charges, and can be difficult to cancel. Alternatively, the
offer isn’t real at all and the scammers steal the credit card information you provide when you
‘sign up’.
Contact your bank or credit card company for assistance.
11) The Romance Scam

This scam plays out so gradually, sometimes over months, it can be hard to spot.
However, beware of anyone who befriends you online, then asks for money. The reason the
money’s needed can be hard to refuse e.g., if you’re a dog lover, it’ll be a vet bill, if you have
kids, it’ll be urgent medical bills, etc.
Don’t let your heart strings get played: Never give money to people you haven’t met or
don’t know well.
12) Online Shopping or Auction Scams

With the prevalence of online shopping, scammers have developed a number of ways to exploit
you, including:
 Sending you a faulty item, then demanding your bank information to ‘process a refund’
(which never appears).
 An email offering you a second chance to buy something you bid for via an online
auction. Because the auction’s finished, the scammers tell you to pay outside of the
usual channels. However, the item’s already sold and your money disappears.
 You get a phone or email notification that a recent purchase didn’t go through. In
order to complete the transaction, you’ll have to provide information like your credit card
info, Social Security number, etc. These will be used by identity thieves or credit card
fraudsters.
 Disreputable ticket exchange sites may steal your credit card info, or sell you
counterfeit or duplicate tickets.
Buy from reputable online sites only. Always use authorized payment channels, which
afford better protections, especially if you pay by credit card.
13) Job and Employment Scams

These scams typically center upon made-up credentials that are worthless in the
employment market, or home-working opportunities where the initial outlay far exceeds future
income.
Local community colleges and other accredited educational institutions offer genuine
professional development courses. Avoid jobs that require upfront costs.
14) The Student Aid Scam

Contrary to popular belief, a recent study shows young adults are most likely to fall victim to
financial scams. It’s no surprise, therefore, that student aid scams are on the rise. The scams
often involve FAFSA issues that require verification of your personal information, including
banking details, or alternatively, offers to reduce or eliminate your student loan debt – for a fee.
Federal student aid is paid directly to your university and doesn’t require your bank info.
You can check your FAFSA progress by logging into your account. Never share your
FAFSA login info with others. Refuse to pay upfront fees to consolidate or reduce your
student debt.
15) The Fake Celebrity Scam

If you’re active on social media, be vigilant. The latest financial scam involves fake
celebrities seeking donations for charity or offering amazing deals on endorsed products. Verify
celebrity profiles carefully. Never input your financial information on social media
platforms. Regulate your privacy settings to keep your data safe. Only accept invitations
from people you know.
C. ACTIVITY:
1. Using a graphic organizer, give the definition of different financial scams.
2. Out of your definitions, make solution on how to avoid each financial scam.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Financial Scams are criminal act of baiting individual to get money from them.
 We should be aware in with these scams for us to handle it carefully.
REFERENCES
www.idunote.com
OUTLINE
Lesson 5: Insurance and Taxes
OUTCOMES

a. define insurance and taxes: and
b. know the importance of insurance and taxes.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Insurance and taxes are important in our life as an individual. We need to
secure all the things we have specially the things we earn from our living that we
consider as our profit or result of our hardships. But in contrary, there are things we
need to pay to our government that goes together when we are earning or gaining
something from our source of income. We call it as tax. This module will enlighten you
the importance of the to. So, let’s start!
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1. List down 5 things that need insurance or things need to be insured.
2. List down 5 things where our taxes go.
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
What Is Insurance?
Insurance is a contract, represented by a policy, in which an individual or

entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an
insurance company. The company pools clients' risks to make payments more
affordable for the insured. Insurance is a contract (policy) in which an insurer
indemnifies another against losses from specific contingencies and/or perils. There
many types of insurance policies. Life, health, homeowners, and auto are the most
common forms of insurance. The core components that make up most insurance
policies are the deductible, policy limit, and premium. Insurance policies are used
to hedge against the risk of financial losses, both big and small, that may result
from damage to the insured or her property, or from liability for damage or injury
caused to a third party.
4 Types of Insurance Everyone Needs

Life Insurance
The greatest benefits of life insurance include the ability to cover your funeral
expenses and provide for those you leave behind. This is especially important if you
have a family that is dependent on your salary to pay the bills. Industry experts
suggest a life insurance policy that covers 10 times your yearly income. But that's a
number not everyone can afford. When estimating the amount of life insurance
coverage you need, remember to factor in not only funeral expenses, but also daily
living expenses. These may include mortgage payments, outstanding loans, credit
card debt, taxes, child care, and future college costs. The two basic types of life
insurance are traditional whole life and term life. Simply explained, whole life can be
used as an income tool as well as an insurance instrument. As long as you continue
to pay the monthly premiums, whole life covers you until you die. Term life, on the
other hand, is a policy that covers you for a set amount of time. There are other
considerable differences between the two types of insurance, so you may want to
seek the advice of a financial expert before you decide which is best for you. Factors
to consider include your age, occupation, and number of dependent children.
‘
Health Insurance
Statistically, you and your family are just one serious illness away
from bankruptcy, according to a study published by the American Journal of Public
Health in 2019. In the Journal's survey of more than 900 Americans who filed for
personal bankruptcy between 2013 and 2016, more than two in three bankruptcies
were caused by medical problems—from bills, income loss due to illness, or both.
Those numbers alone should incentivize you to obtain health insurance or review and
possibly increase your current coverage. But with rising co-payments, increased
deductibles, and dropped coverages, health insurance has become a luxury fewer and
fewer people can afford. When you consider that the national average cost for one day
in the hospital was $2,517 in 2018, even a minimal policy is better than none. The best
and least expensive option may be participating in your employer's insurance program,
but many smaller businesses do not offer this benefit. The average annual premium
cost to the employee in an employer-sponsored health care program was $7,188 for
single coverage and $20,576 for a family plan in 2019, according to research published
by the Kaiser Family Foundation. If you don't have health insurance through an
employer, check with trade organizations or associations about possible group health
coverage. If that's not an option, you'll need to buy private health insurance.
Long-Term Disability Coverage

It is the one type of insurance most of us think we will never need. Yet,
according to statistics from the Social Security Administration, three in 10 workers
entering the workforce will become disabled and will be unable to work before they
reach the age of retirement. Often, even those workers who have great health
insurance, a nice nest egg, and a good life insurance policy don't prepare for the day
when they might not be able to work for weeks, months, or ever again. While health
insurance pays for hospitalization and medical bills, you're still left with those daily
expenses that your paycheck generally covers. Many employers offer both short- and
long-term disability insurance as part of their benefits package. This would be the best
option for securing affordable disability coverage. If your employer doesn't offer long-
term coverage, here are some things to consider before purchasing insurance on your
own. A policy that guarantees income replacement is optimal. More often policies pay
out 50% to 60% of your income. The cost of disability insurance is based on many
factors, including age, lifestyle, and health. The average cost in 2018 was $2,700 per
year. But before you buy, read the fine print. Many plans require a three-month waiting
period before coverage kicks in, provide a maximum of three years' worth of coverage,
and have some significant policy exclusions.
Auto Insurance
On average, there are six million car accidents in the U.S. every year, according
to the National Safety Council. An estimated 38,800 people died in car crashes in 2019
alone. The number one cause of death for American's between the ages of five and 34
was auto accidents, according to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) in
2009 data (the last available data). Over two million drivers and passengers received
treatment in emergency rooms in 2009, and the costs of those accidents, including
deaths and disabling injuries, were around $70 billion. While not all states require
drivers to have auto insurance, most do have regulations regarding financial
responsibility in the event of an accident. States that do require insurance conduct
periodic random checks of drivers for proof of insurance. If you do not have coverage,
the fines can vary by state and can range from the suspension of your license, to points
on your driving record, to fines from $500 to $1,000. If you drive without auto insurance
and have an accident, fines will probably be the least of your financial burden. If you, a
passenger, or the other driver is injured in the accident, auto insurance will cover the
expenses and help guard you against any litigation that might result from the accident.
Auto insurance also protects your vehicle against theft, vandalism or a natural disaster,
Tax is a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or
services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc. It is a burdensome charge, obligation, duty,
or demand. In addition to paying the salaries of government workers, your tax dollars also help
to support common resources, such as police and firefighters. Tax money helps to ensure the
roads you travel on are safe and well-maintained. Taxes fund public libraries and parks.
Types of Taxes
Every April we have to go through filing federal income taxes, on our own or with the help of a tax
accountant. Unless you happen to be a tax policy wonk, you probably don’t dwell too much on the
theory and practice of taxation. But while America’s tax code is notoriously complex, taxes break
down into discrete categories that are easy to understand.
Consumption Tax
A consumption tax is a tax on the money people spend, not the money people earn. Sales taxes,
which state and local governments use to raise revenue, are a type of consumption tax. An excise
tax on a specific good, such as alcohol or gasoline, is another example of a consumption tax.
Some economists and presidential candidates have proposed a federal consumption tax for the
U.S. that could offset or replace taxes on capital gains and dividends.
Progressive Tax
This is a tax that is higher for taxpayers with more money. In a progressive tax system like the
U.S. federal income tax, wealthy individuals pay tax at a higher rate than less wealthy individuals.
This is why wealthy Americans are taxed more than middle-class Americans and middle-class
Americans are taxed at a higher rate than working-class Americans.
Regressive Tax
A regressive tax is one that is not progressive. This could either mean that the tax is lower for
wealthy individuals or that the tax is flat (everyone pays the same rate). Why is a flat
tax regressive? People with lower incomes would feel the effect of a flat tax more strongly than
people with higher incomes. To a multi-millionaire, a 15% tax wouldn’t translate to a substantial
decrease in quality of life. To someone making $30,000 a year, a 15% tax would mean a serious
dent in spending power.
Proportional Tax
A proportional tax is the same as a flat tax. Taxpayers at all income levels would pay the same
“proportion” in taxes. As explained above, proportional taxes are regressive taxes. These types of
taxes are common in state-level sales taxes but not common at the federal level. Anyone who
remembers the 2012 presidential campaign will remember a famous proportional tax proposal, the
9-9-9 Plan. That plan was for a 9% business transaction tax, a 9% personal income tax and a 9%
federal sales tax.
VAT or Ad Valorem Tax
The VAT tax is big in Europe but the U.S. has yet to adopt it. It’s a tax on the “added value” of a
product, the difference between the sales price and the cost of producing a good or service. It’s a
form of consumption tax that buyers pay when they make a purchase, similar to a sales tax.
Property Tax
Property taxes are taxes you pay on homes, land or commercial real estate. If
you’re deciding whether you can afford to buy a home, you should take property
taxes into account. Unlike a mortgage, property tax payments don’t amortize. You
have to keep paying them for as long as you live in a home – unless you qualify for
property tax exemptions for seniors, veterans or disabled residents.
Capital Gains Taxes
Capital gains taxes apply to investment income after an investment is sold and a
capital gain is realized. Because so many Americans don’t invest at all, they don’t
pay capital gains taxes. There are also taxes on dividends and interests stemming
from simple interest from a bank account or dividends and earnings from
investments.
Inheritance/Estate Taxes
Estate and inheritance taxes are paid after someone dies. An estate tax is
paid from the net worth of the deceased. It’s a tax on the privilege of passing on
assets to heirs. There is a federal estate tax, and some states levy their own estate
taxes as well. Inheritance taxes don’t exist at the federal level and are only law in a
handful of states. They’re taxes on the privilege of inheriting assets, and so are
paid by the heir, not the estate of the deceased.
Payroll Taxes
If you take your annual salary and divide it by the number of times you get paid
each year, chances are that number is higher than your actual paycheck. One
reason could be that your healthcare premiums or 401(k) contributions are
deducted from your paycheck. Another reason is payroll taxes. These taxes cover
your contributions to Medicare, Social Security, disability and survivor benefits and
to federal unemployment benefits. You’ll also have federal (and maybe state and
local) income taxes withheld from your paycheck.
Income Taxes
C. Income taxes do what the name implies. They tax the income you earn. Federal
ACTIVITY:
income taxes are both
Directions: Answer progressive and marginal. Marginal means that there are
the following.
different tax rates for different income brackets. The top earners pay a high tax
1. rate,
Using butVein
onlydiagram, differentiate
on the amount insurance
of money they haveand taxes.
in that top bracket.
2. Write an essay composing 2 paragraphs with 5 sentences in each paragraph the
importance of insurance and taxes.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Insurance is a contract, represented by a policy, in which an individual or entity
receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an insurance
company.
 Tax is a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific
facilities or services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc. It is a
burdensome charge, obligation, duty, or demand.
REFERENCES
www.idunote.com
OUTLINE
Lesson 6: Tips on Being Financially Stable
OUTCOMES

a. define financially stable: and
b. enumerate the tips on being financially stable.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Imagine a world where you don’t have to constantly stress about
money. You have enough to cover your bills and regular expenses. More than that, how
would you like to know that you can afford to live the lifestyle you want to live? These
things are all possible when you are financially stable. So what is financial stability and
how can you get there? Let’s take a look.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1. What are the qualities of a person who are financially stable?
2. How can you achieve financial stability?
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
10 Steps to Reach Financial Stability
What Is Financial Stability?
Financial stability isn’t about being rich. In fact, it isn’t a number at all. It’s more of a mindset. When
you have financial stability, you don’t have to stress about money and you can focus your energy on
other parts of your life.
This may sound like a dream, but financial stability is something you can achieve. It will take some
time and you will need to put in the work. If you follow these 10 steps though, you can reach your
financial dreams.
1. Make Your Finances Personal
It’s very important to say this right off the bat: your personal finances are personal. That doesn’t
mean personal in the sense that you can’t talk to anyone about your money. Making your finances
personal means focusing on your situation and not worrying about anyone else’s situation.
This is one of the most important things for helping you to reach financial stability. We live in a culture
where we constantly compare ourselves to others. We are told that we need to live a certain lifestyle
because that’s how successful people live.
Block out all that noise! Forget about keeping up with the Joneses. It doesn’t matter if your friends
earn more money than you. The only thing that matters is how much you have and how you can use
what you have to reach your goals.
Another important part of this rule is forgetting about the “right way” to do things. Yes, some financial
decisions are generally better than others. However, many things in personal finance depend on the
person. There isn’t one specific method or timetable that’s best for everyone.
If you create a savings goal and you miss it, don’t beat yourself up for doing the wrong thing. Just
look at what happened. What went well and what didn’t go well? Use that information to improve for
next time.
2. Understand That Your Most Important Investment is Yourself
Before you ever think about investing money in the stock market, you should look to invest in
yourself. Invest the time, energy and money to teach yourself the skills you need. This includes
college degrees. It also includes other knowledge and skills. Learning things that don’t directly
relate to your job can sometimes help you just as much as work-related skills. Employers typically
want well-rounded employees who can contribute to a company in multiple ways. They also want
someone who shows the drive and ambition to improve themselves.
Did your interviewing skills hold you back from getting that dream job? There are classes, books
and online resources that you can use to improve for next time. Improving your skills is always a
good investment. It opens you up to more opportunities and increases your career-earning
potential.
At the same time, your health is vital for your success. One thing that drains a savings
account very quickly is medical bills. While you can’t prevent all illnesses, a healthy diet with
regular sleep and exercise can go a long way. That also means limiting your stress. Find ways to
relax and unwind.
3. Earn Income by Doing Something You Enjoy
The primary way for most people to earn money is through a job. So if you’re thinking about
financial stability, the best place to start is with a job that pays you a steady income. Even better is
to find a job that you enjoy.
Doing work that you enjoy will make things that much easier. For some people this means
changing careers. It could mean changing companies because you don’t like the people or
structure at your current company. Maybe the key for you is to get a part-time job and to start
freelancing. That may not sound like the conventional way to do things, but your happiness (and
sanity) is more important that following convention.
4. Start a Budget
That’s right, budgeting. You’ve most likely heard this advice before. Budgets aren’t as bad as they
may sound though. A budget is just a tool to help you spend money on the things you want to
spend money on.
First of all, why is a budget important? When you keep a budget, you can track where your money
is going. It’s easy to spend more than you should if you don’t actually know how much you’re
spending. So more than anything else, a budget helps you keep track of your money.
Once you know how you spend your money, you can make a plan. There are always essential
things that you have to spend money on. That could include your rent or mortgage, utility bills,
food, car payments or transportation to and from work. These essential things should make up
about half of your spending. (Experts generally recommend that your rent/mortgage not make up
more than 30% of your monthly spending.)
Then you should try to put 10% to 20% of the remaining money toward your future. That means
your retirement account, emergency fund and other savings accounts. Once you do all that, you
can live off the remaining money. To make sure you don’t overspend, you might want to figure out
how much you should spend each month on common things like eating out or buying clothes.
Regardless of exactly what you spend money on, try to spend purposefully. Put your money
toward the things that are important to you. Then cut back on the rest.
5. Live Below Your Means
Like creating a budget, this is advice that many people have heard. The trouble is that many of us
have a hard time following it. As mentioned in step one (Make Your Finances Personal), we live in a
world where we constantly hear about the things that we “should” buy. It’s very easy to spend money
on extra things that we don’t need. However, living below your means is key for your long-term
financial success. If you regularly spend all of your money, or more money than you make, you can’t
expect to grow any savings.
Living below your means works in tandem with budgeting. Your budget tells you how much money you
have and can spend each month. Then you can work with that number to make sure you don’t
overspend.
6. Create an Emergency Fund
Before you think too much about putting money into retirement or toward your debt, you should work
to build an emergency fund.
An emergency fund is a way to protect yourself from the unexpected. There’s always a chance that
you lose your job and have to get by for a bit with no regular salary. Maybe you need to make a big car
repair or take a trip you hadn’t planned for. An emergency fund will cover some or all of the costs and
help you through a tough time. An emergency fund will also ease your mind by giving you a backup
plan.
Sometimes people skip an emergency fund in favor of saving for retirement. Then a big expense
comes up and they have to pull money from their retirement account in order to cover it. Removing
money early from your retirement account should always be a last resort. It detracts from your
retirement savings and you’ll probably have to pay penalties. For example, you have to pay a 10%
penalty if you make early withdrawals from a 401(k).
7. Pay off Your Debt
Debt will always make it difficult to reach financial stability. Once you know how much you can
comfortably spend (through budgeting) and once you have an emergency fund, focus on getting rid of
debt. Pay off any credit card debt you may have and avoid future debt on your cards. Have student
loans? Make extra payments to get rid of them as quickly as possible. Just because you signed a 10-,
20- or 30-year payment plan doesn’t mean you can’t pay off your loans sooner. Paying your loans
sooner will actually save you money in the long run because you’ll pay less in interest.
The only caveat here is a mortgage. If you have a mortgage, you have some time to pay it off.
Prioritize all other debts before your mortgage. You should still make all your mortgage payments, but
put extra money toward your other debts first. Once you have your other debt paid off and once you
have savings for retirement (step eight), then you can focus on paying off your mortgage early (if you
want to).
8. Invest for Retirement
When you’re young, it’s hard to think about retirement. Why should you save money for something
that’s decades away? Unfortunately, this thinking is why the average American has no retirement
savings. If you want to reach financial stability, you also need to plan for the days when you won’t have
a salary. This is especially true if you have any plans for retirement. Want to travel after you retire?
Want to volunteer or take some local classes? Those are all great things, but you can’t do them
without money.
Prioritize your retirement now and you will thank yourself in the future. Even if you don’t have a lot to save for
9. Make Sure to Have Some Fun
When you focus on saving money or paying off debt, it’s easy to forget about fun.
After all, fun like things usually cost money. But don’t get so focused on your money
that you forget to live. Enjoying your life will help to keep you happy and healthy.
C. ACTIVITY:
Directions: Answer
When you look themuch
at how following.
you can afford to spend each month, try to budget in a
certain amount just for fun. Maybe you can get a massage every couple of months
1. What is financially stable?
or go to a show. Keep on the lookout for cheap and free events too. Go for a hike or
2. Enumerate
invite friendsthe
overqualities of annight.
for a game individual who
Another areway
great financially
to havestable.
fun is celebrating
your financial successes. Did you just pay off one of your credit cards? Try one of
these five frugal ways to celebrate your debt successes.
10. Stick with It!
In an ideal world, you would stay within your budget every month. Your car would
never need repairs and you would never lose your job. Unfortunately, we don’t live
in an ideal world. Unexpected things come up and sometimes you just spend more
money than you anticipate. It’s OK. It happens to the best of us. Try not to get
discouraged when things don’t go as planned.
Even when things aren’t going well, follow through. Stick with it even if you fall off
for weeks, months or years. Don’t worry about doing things perfectly. Do your best
and try to get just a little better every day.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 When you are financially stable, you feel confident with your financial situation.
You don’t worry about paying your bills because you know you will have the
funds. You are debt free, you have money saved for your future goals and you
also have enough saved to cover emergencies.
REFERENCES
www.idunote.com
OUTLINE
Module 5: Cyber/Digital Literacies
Lesson 1: Cyber citizenship in the Digital Age
OUTCOMES

a. define cyber citizenship; and
b. describe a cyber-citizen.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! When we plug into the internet or the cellular networks, we instantly
become full-fledged members of a worldwide community. We will have instant access
to every other person who is also wandering around in that world. Immediate access,
physical distance and the perceived anonymity of the cyber world may cause humans
no end of trouble. Let’s explore the digital world!
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
Make a poster showing the qualities of a cyber-citizen.
B. DISCUSSION:
Directions: Study the illustration and read the selection below.

Cyber Rights
Cyber citizenship is based on the general concept of citizenship but differs in a couple
of ways. First, there are no real “rights” you have as a cyber-citizen other than the legal
protections you already have as an actual citizen. Moreover, some of those are not
available due to the global nature of the cyber world. Nevertheless, every citizen of the
cyber world should have the right to respect, privacy and their own opinion. We have
the right to privacy.
While the cyber world does not have a bill of constitutionally protected rights, we should
still be required to respect certain unalienable rights:
 Life: Right for fair and reasonable treatment online. In the cyber world, the right to
life is primarily about being treated in a civil and respectful manner. This means
interacting with people in a considerate, tolerant and appropriate way. This right
also includes freedom from threats to life or person-hood.
 Liberty: Right to basic freedoms. Respect for online freedom should be similar to
those enshrined by our constitution, especially the Bill of Rights. We should
respect and expect privacy, safety and equal treatment regardless of sex, religion
or sexual orientation. We should also honor other’s property.
 Pursuit of Happiness: Right to explore personal interests without undue
interference.
Cyber Privileges
It is a privilege to have access to the internet. It is a privilege to have the technology that
allows us access to the internet and cellular networks.
Cyber Responsibilities
It is a privilege to have access to the internet. It is a privilege to have the technology that
allows us access to the internet and cellular networks.
Responsibility is really at the heart of cyber citizenship. To be responsible, we need to
be informed about the cyber world. We also need to know about how to remain safe and
protect ourselves online. Another area of responsibility is to obey the law and we are
responsible for being considerate and well-mannered citizens.
Cyber citizenship is probably more accurately characterized as civil behavior. There are
certain ways civilized human beings should behave toward others.
Laws
The most important area of respect we should demonstrate as a cyber-citizen is for the
law. There are several legal issues related to online activity. The first is intellectual
property rights. This includes the written word, ideas and products like music. This area
is protected by federal copyrights, patent and trademarks laws. If you download music
without paying for it, you have violated the property rights of the artist.
Cyber Stalking
Another area that has legal protections is cyber harassment and bullying or cyber
stalking. These laws are primarily enacted by state legislatures. Most states have anti
cyber harassment laws. Threatening, harassing or intimidating someone through
electronic means violates that person’s rights to be free from harassment.
Pornography also is regulated by law. For the most part that means insuring that it is not
child pornography. Most other forms of pornography occupy a grey area that is in part
protected as free speech and in part whether it violates community standards of
decency. This pretty much means it is unregulated. A more recent aspect of
pornography is what has been called revenge porn. For people over 18, a slimy former
partner or, as likely, someone who has hacked your kid’s account, may provide nude
images to sites that solicit this kind of material. It can be done without the consent of the
person in the images.
Finally, there are laws about identity theft both at the federal and state level. Making
creating a false web sites under another person’s name and otherwise using their
personally identifying information is both a federal and state crime.
Cyber Crimes
Here is a summary of things that are against the law:
 Copyright infringement
 Plagiarism
 Downloading songs you didn’t purchase
 Profiting from others’ creative efforts or products
 Bullying and harassment
 Child pornography (including sexting)
 Internet stalking
 Identity theft
Cyber Identity
There are a range of ways we can be identified and recognized online. It starts with the
online names we use for various accounts as well as our online addresses (e.g., email,
texting number, social media accounts, etc.). Then, there are the more traditional forms
of identity such as name, home town, school they attend, home address, or phone
number. We may also be identified by their date of birth and social security number.
Each computer or device that accesses the internet or cellular network has a unique IP
address that can be used to identify that device (and potentially the user of that device).
Finally, we can also establish a cyber-identity through credit and debit card numbers
used to make online purchases.
Cyber Foot-printing
Every time we go online or transmit anything over a cellular network, we leave a trace of
that activity. This is known as a cyber-footprint. There are generally two kinds of cyber
footprints. The first is an intentional footprint; things they have knowingly posted or
entered online. Consider this something like putting your shoe prints in wet cement that
dries into a permanent trail. Intentional footprints include things like:
 Photos
 Videos (e.g., Youtube, Vimeo, Vine, Skype, Facetime)
 Texting
 Social media accounts (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Chatroulette,
blogs like Tumblr)
 Comments posted on other sites
 Emails
 Tagged photos on other user accounts
 Apps (e.g., Pinterest, Snapchat, Instagram)
 Purchases and other transactions
Then, there are unintentional footprints we leave in cyber space. Unintentional footprints
include such things as cookies, search engine metrics and social media tracking.
Cyber Property
Anything that is posted online automatically becomes the copyright protected product of
the creator. This includes music, photos, videos and written material. The creator of
these products doesn’t have to formally register it with the US Office of Copyrights or
with the United States Patent and Trademarks Office. Use of these products,
particularly for monetary gain, requires permission of the copyright owner.
Relational Aggression
The internet and cellular networks can be used to express frustration, anger and cruelty
to other people. The most common form of relational aggression is represented by
insensitive comments, crude and awkward remarks or attempts at playful humor. The
inability to read the nonverbal social cues when making or receiving playfully insulting or
sarcastic remarks can result in misunderstandings about the real intent of the remarks
or the reactions of the recipient.
Cyber communication can also be used to intentionally bully, intimidate, harass or

threaten other people. Through speaking directly online to another person or by using
the social networks to speak about another person, the internet provides another forum
for the age old attempts to be mean and cruel to another person. It is also a means
through which someone can act to harm another person by sending malicious programs
to damage their hardware or software. It is possible to steal content from someone’s
computer that can be used to try to embarrass or humiliate them. And, most
disturbingly, it is possible to use technology to create false images and information that
is then attributed to the target of the aggression.
C. ACTIVITY:
1. What is digital citizen?
2. Create a poem describing a digital citizen.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Citizenship is the rights, privileges and duties conferred on a member of a
society. It most often includes both protections (e.g., the Bill of Rights) and duties
(e.g., obeying the law, contributing to the community). Cyber citizenship is the
rights, privileges and responsibilities required of internet and cellular network
users.
earninginfographics.com/citizenship-digital-age-infographic/
https://ualr.edu/itservices/2016/10/24/cyber-
citizenship/#:~:text=Cyber%20citizenship%20is%20the%20rights,internet%20and%20
cellular%20network%20users.
OUTLINE
Lesson 2: Internet Safety
OUTCOMES

a. identify the internet safety tips;
b. give the importance of internet safety tips: and
c. make your own internet safety tips.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Even though apps loom larger in most people's daily online interactions
than traditional websites do, that does not mean that the basic Internet safety rules have
changed. Hackers are still on the lookout for personal information they can use to
access your credit card and bank information.
Unsafe surfing can also lead to other threats—from embarrassing personal

comments or images that, once online, are nearly impossible to erase, to getting mixed
up with people you'd rather have had nothing to do with.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
List down some of the rules and regulations you usually read in the internet
shops.
B. DISCUSSION:
below.
10 INTERNET SAFETY RULES
1. Keep Personal Information Professional and Limited

Potential employers or customers don't need to know your personal relationship status
or your home address. They do need to know about your expertise and professional
background, and how to get in touch with you. You wouldn't hand purely personal
information out to strangers individually—don't hand it out to millions of people online.
2. Keep Your Privacy Settings On

Marketers love to know all about you, and so do hackers. Both can learn a lot from your
browsing and social media usage. But you can take charge of your information. As
noted by Lifehacker, both web browsers and mobile operating systems have settings
available to protect your privacy online. Major websites like Facebook also have
privacy-enhancing settings available. These settings are sometimes (deliberately) hard
to find because companies want your personal information for its marketing value. Make
sure you have enabled these privacy safeguards, and keep them enabled.
3. Practice Safe Browsing

You wouldn't choose to walk through a dangerous neighborhood—don't visit dangerous
neighborhoods online. Cybercriminals use lurid content as bait. They know people are
sometimes tempted by dubious content and may let their guard down when searching
for it. The Internet's demimonde is filled with hard-to-see pitfalls, where one careless
click could expose personal data or infect your device with malware. By resisting the
urge, you don't even give the hackers a chance.
4. Make Sure Your Internet Connection is Secure. Use a Secure VPN Connection
When you go online in a public place, for example by using a public Wi-Fi
connection, PCMag notes you have no direct control over its security. Corporate
cybersecurity experts worry about "endpoints"—the places where a private network
connects to the outside world. Your vulnerable endpoint is your local Internet
connection. Make sure your device is secure, and when in doubt, wait for a better time
(i.e., until you're able to connect to a secure Wi-Fi network) before providing information
such as your bank account number.
To further improve your Internet browsing safety, use secure VPN connection (virtual
private network). VPN enables you to have a secure connection between your device
and an Internet server that no one can monitor or access the data that you’re
exchanging. Read more about What is VPN
5. Be Careful What You Download

A top goal of cybercriminals is to trick you into downloading malware—programs or
apps that carry malware or try to steal information. This malware can be disguised as an
app: anything from a popular game to something that checks traffic or the weather.
As PCWorld advises, don't download apps that look suspicious or come from a site you
don't trust.
6. Choose Strong Passwords

Passwords are one of the biggest weak spots in the whole Internet security structure,
but there's currently no way around them. And the problem with passwords is that
people tend to choose easy ones to remember (such as "password" and "123456"),
which are also easy for cyber thieves to guess. Select strong passwords that are harder
for cybercriminals to demystify. Password manager software can help you to manage
multiple passwords so that you don't forget them. A strong password is one that is
unique and complex—at least 15 characters long, mixing letters, numbers and special
characters.
7. Make Online Purchases from Secure Sites

Any time you make a purchase online, you need to provide credit card or bank account
information—just what cybercriminals are most eager to get their hands on. Only supply
this information to sites that provide secure, encrypted connections. As Boston
University notes, you can identify secure sites by looking for an address that starts
with https: (the S stands for secure) rather than simply http: They may also be marked
by a padlock icon next to the address bar.
8. Be Careful What You Post

The Internet does not have a delete key, as that young candidate in New Hampshire
found out. Any comment or image you post online may stay online forever because
removing the original (say, from Twitter) does not remove any copies that other people
made. There is no way for you to "take back" a remark you wish you hadn't made, or get
rid of that embarrassing selfie you took at a party. Don't put anything online that you
wouldn't want your mom or a prospective employer to see.
9. Be Careful Who You Meet Online

People you meet online are not always who they claim to be. Indeed, they may not even
be real. As InfoWorld reports, fake social media profiles are a popular way for hackers
to cozy up to unwary Web users and pick their cyber pockets. Be as cautious and
sensible in your online social life as you are in your in-person social life.
10. Keep Your Antivirus Program Up To Date

Internet security software cannot protect against every threat, but it will detect and
remove most malware—though you should make sure it's to date. Be sure to stay
current with your operating system's updates and updates to applications you use. They
provide a vital layer of security.
Keep these 10 basic Internet safety rules in mind and you'll avoid many of the nasty
surprises that lurk online for the careless.
C. ACTIVITY:
1. Give the 10 internet safety tips.
2. What is the importance of these safety tips?
3. Let’s assume that you own an internet shop, make your own 10 internet safety
tips.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Internet safety or online safety or cyber safety or E-Safety is trying to be safe on
the internet and is the act of maximizing a user's awareness of personal safety
and security risks to private information and property associated with using the
internet, and the self-protection from computer crime.
 Sensitive information such as personal information and identity, passwords are

often associated with personal property (for example, bank accounts) and privacy
and may present security concerns if leaked. Unauthorized access and usage of
private information may result in consequence such as identity theft, as well as
theft of property.
REFERENCES
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/net-
safety.html#:~:text=Follow%20the%20family%20rules%2C%20and,(other%20than%2
0with%20parents).
https://usa.kaspersky.com/resource-center/preemptive-safety/top-10-internet-safety-
rules-and-what-not-to-do-online
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_safety
OUTLINE
Lesson 3: Cyberbullying and Cybercrimes
OUTCOMES

a. define cyberbullying and cybercrime; and
b. know on how to prevent cyberbullying and cybercrimes.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! bullying was an issue that primarily lived on the schoolyard. That is no
longer the case. Enter "cyberbullying" a growing problem for many schools. And in its
worst forms, cyberbullying can actually be a type of cybercrime.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1. What will you do if somebody use your identity in making crimes through
internet?
2. Give your insights regarding your friend who has been bullied in social media.
B. DISCUSSION:
Directions: Read and understand the selection.
What is Cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying takes place when a teen or younger child uses a computing device to
threaten, humiliate, or otherwise harass a peer. It may occur over a laptop, smartphone
or tablet, and live within platforms such as text messages, emails, social media, online
forums and chat rooms. Equipped with an Internet connection and a capable device,
cyberbullies can wreak havoc on their victims at any time, from virtually anywhere. And
because the act doesn't require face-to-face interactions like physical bullying, catching
the perpetrators in timely fashion can be difficult.
Examples of Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying takes many cruel shapes and forms. A bully may send messages via text
or email with the intent of taunting or threatening his or her victim. In more malicious
instances, they may break into email or social networking accounts to either steal
victims' identities or embarrass them by publishing defamatory posts in their names.
Some cyberbullies go as far as building a website aimed at humiliating their chosen
target.
Trends in cyberbullying tend to vary among the sexes. For example, male bullies have
been known threaten other boys with physical harm, yet harass females with sexual
advances through text messages. Girls, on the other hand, may expose secrets or
spread lies and rumors about other girls to extract revenge for perceived wrongdoings.
Some play the role of "mean girls" by making discouraging remarks on social sites and
excluding peers from online cliques.
The Repercussions of Cyberbullying
For the victims, the effects of bullying in any form may range from feeling hurt and angry
to hated and suicidal. It is not uncommon for those targeted in these barbarous acts to
develop low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and other issues that could potentially
compromise their mental and emotional health. Cyberbullying can have an even greater
impact on its victims because of the channels the harassment takes place in. For
example, sensitive information shared via email can be sent to dozens of classmates,
while embarrassing photos can reach thousands of people once social media is
involved.
From Cyberbullying to Cybercrime

Although legal regulations are still developing in the fast-moving world of social
networking online, cyberbullying can cross over into cybercrime. In 2011, two girls, one
11, the other 12, were charged with cyberstalking and first-degree computer trespassing
for the crimes they allegedly committed against another 12-year-old girl, who was
identified as a former friend. The pair was accused of posting sexually explicit photos
and messages on the victim's Facebook profile after getting ahold of her password.
Both defendants faced up to 30 days in a juvenile detention center for their alleged
crimes. This case is just one example of how cyberbullying can result in a cybercrime
that violates existing laws. At the same time, it underlines the growing importance
of Internet safety for kids.
Stamping out Cyberbullies
The best defense against cyberbullying is prevention, and parents can play an active
role in the process by monitoring their child's digital activities. In addition to making sure
you are aware of who they communicate with via phone and text, you can use Internet
security software to block access to inappropriate content online. Most importantly, talk
to your kids about cyberbullying. Make sure they know it's OK to come to you, a
teacher, counselor, or someone else they trust. The sooner they speak up, the sooner
someone can put an end to the madness.
C. ACTIVITY:
1. What is the difference between cyberbullying and cybercrime?
2. How can you prevent cyberbullying and cybercrime?
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Cyber Bullying is often neglected as a cybercrime because of the truth that it isn't
always as widely publicized as greater traditional cybercrimes such as
identification robbery and piracy are. Cyber Bullying is likewise very ambiguous
in nature. While piracy and identification theft have clear definitions that depart
no question as to whether or not a criminal offense has been devoted, labeling
an act as cyber bullying is not as clear-cut.
REFERENCES
https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/preemptive-safety/cyberbullying-and-
cybercrime
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-cyber-crime-and-cyber-
bullying
OUTLINE
Lesson 4: Managing Computer Threats
OUTCOMES

a. identify computer threats; and
b. manage computer threats.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Most of us have had to deal with a computer virus or some sort of
malware by now. It wasn’t fun; it was annoying, time consuming, and very frustrating.
When our computers start slowing down or behaving in an unusual way, we are often
quick to suspect that we have a virus. It might not be a virus, but it is likely that you have
some sort of malware. Some are malicious, and others are just annoying. The worst
culprits are the hijackers—malware programs that take over your browser, or worse yet,
your computer. I have had to remove these types of evil programs from personal
computers and work computers in the past, and I’m sure you have, too. Here are 10 tips
on how to prevent malware from infecting your computer, keeping your hardware safe.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1. Observe the picture.

2. Tell something about the image.
B. DISCUSSION:
MANAGING COMPUTER THREATS
Botnets
If you've never heard of a botnet, it's likely because they go largely undetected.
What they are:

A collection of software robots, or 'bots', that creates an army of infected computers
(known as ‘zombies') that are remotely controlled by the originator. Yours may be one of
them and you may not even know it.
What they can do:

 Send spam emails with viruses attached.
 Spread all types of malware.
 Can use your computer as part of a denial of service attack against other
systems.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack

What it is:
A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack — or DDoS attack — is when a malicious
user gets a network of zombie computers to sabotage a specific website or server. The
attack happens when the malicious user tells all the zombie computers to contact a
specific website or server over and over again. That increase in the volume of traffic
overloads the website or server causing it to be slow for legitimate users, sometimes to
the point that the website or server shuts down completely.
It could be possible for malicious users to use your computer in one of these attacks. By
taking advantage of security vulnerabilities or weaknesses, an attacker could take
control of your computer. He or she could then force your computer to send huge
amounts of data to a website or send spam to particular email addresses. The attacks
are "distributed" because the attacker is using multiple computers, including yours, to
launch the denial-of-service attacks.
What it can do:

The most common and obvious type of DDoS attack occurs when an attacker “floods” a
network with useless information. When you type a URL into your browser, you are
sending a request to that site's computer server to view the page. The server can only
process a certain number of requests at once. If an attacker overloads the server with
requests, it can't process yours. The flood of incoming messages to the target system
essentially forces it to shut down, thereby denying access to legitimate users.
What you can do:

There are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood that an attacker will use your
computer to attack other computers:
 Install and maintain anti-virus software.
 Install a firewall, and configure it to restrict traffic coming into and leaving your
computer.
 Follow good security practices when it comes to maintaining your contact or
email lists. Applying email filters may help you manage unwanted emails, by
automatically processing incoming messages based on certain criteria that you
set.
 Be cautious if you notice that your Internet connection is unusually slow or you
can't access certain sites (and that your Internet connection is not down).
 Avoid opening email attachments, especially if they are from people you don't
know.
If you believe you are a victim of a DDoS attack, contact your Internet Service Provider,
as they will be able to help mitigate.
Hacking
Hacking is a term used to describe actions taken by someone to gain unauthorized
access to a computer. The availability of information online on the tools, techniques,
and malware makes it easier for even non-technical people to undertake malicious
activities.
What it is:
The process by which cyber criminals gain access to your computer.
What it can do:

 Find weaknesses (or pre-existing bugs) in your security settings and exploit them
in order to access your information.
 Install a Trojan horse, providing a back door for hackers to enter and search for
your information.
Malware
Malware is one of the more common ways to infiltrate or damage your computer.
What it is:
Malicious software that infects your computer, such as computer viruses, worms, Trojan
horses, spyware, and adware.
What it can do:

 Intimidate you with scareware, which is usually a pop-up message that tells you
your computer has a security problem or other false information.
 Reformat the hard drive of your computer causing you to lose all your
information.
 Alter or delete files.
 Steal sensitive information.
 Send emails on your behalf.
 Take control of your computer and all the software running on it.
Pharming
Pharming is a common type of online fraud.
What it is:
A means to point you to a malicious and illegitimate website by redirecting the legitimate
URL. Even if the URL is entered correctly, it can still be redirected to a fake website.
What it can do:

 Convince you that the site is real and legitimate by spoofing or looking almost
identical to the actual site down to the smallest details. You may enter your
personal information and unknowingly give it to someone with malicious intent.
Phishing
Phishing is used most often by cyber criminals because it's easy to execute and can
produce the results they're looking for with very little effort.
What it is:
Fake emails, text messages and websites created to look like they're from authentic
companies. They're sent by criminals to steal personal and financial information from
you. This is also known as “spoofing”.
What it does:
 Trick you into giving them information by asking you to update, validate or
confirm your account. It is often presented in a manner than seems official and
intimidating, to encourage you to take action.
 Provides cyber criminals with your username and passwords so that they can
access your accounts (your online bank account, shopping accounts, etc.) and
steal your credit card numbers.
Ransomware
What it is:
Ransomware is a type of malware that restricts access to your computer or your files
and displays a message that demands payment in order for the restriction to be
removed. The two most common means of infection appear to be phishing emails that
contain malicious attachments and website pop-up advertisements.
What it can do:

There are two common types of ransomware:
 Lock screen ransomware: displays an image that prevents you from accessing
your computer
 Encryption ransomware: encrypts files on your system's hard drive and
sometimes on shared network drives, USB drives, external hard drives, and even
some cloud storage drives, preventing you from opening them
Ransomware will display a notification stating that your computer or data have been
locked and demanding a payment be made for you to regain access. Sometimes the
notification states that authorities have detected illegal activity on your computer, and
that the payment is a fine to avoid prosecution.
What you can do:
Do not pay the ransom. These threats are meant to scare and intimidate you, and they
do not come from a law enforcement agency. Even if you submit payment, there is no
guarantee that you will regain access to your system.
If your computer has been infected (i.e. you are unable to access your computer or your
files have been encrypted), contact a reputable computer technician or specialist to find
out whether your computer can be repaired and your data retrieved.
In order to lessen the impact of a ransomware infection, be sure to regularly back-up
your data with a removable external storage drive. It's possible that your files might be
irretrievable; having an up-to-date backup could be invaluable.
Spam
Spam is one of the more common methods of both sending information out and
collecting it from unsuspecting people. Canada has a new anti-spam legislation that you
can learn more about at www.fightspam.gc.ca .
What it is:
 The mass distribution of unsolicited messages, advertising or pornography to
addresses which can be easily found on the Internet through things like social
networking sites, company websites and personal blogs.
 Canada's anti-spam legislation applies to all commercial electronic messages. A
commercial electronic message is any electronic message that encourages
participation in a commercial activity, regardless of whether there is an
expectation of profit.
What it can do:

 Annoy you with unwanted junk mail.
 Create a burden for communications service providers and businesses to filter
electronic messages.
 Phish for your information by tricking you into following links or entering details
with too-good-to-be-true offers and promotions.
 Provide a vehicle for malware, scams, fraud and threats to your privacy.
Spoofing
This technique is often used in conjunction with phishing in an attempt to steal your
information.
What it is:
A website or email address that is created to look like it comes from a legitimate source.
An email address may even include your own name, or the name of someone you
know, making it difficult to discern whether or not the sender is real.
What it does:
 Spends spam using your email address, or a variation of your email address, to
your contact list.
 Recreates websites that closely resemble the authentic site. This could be a
financial institution or other site that requires login or other personal information.
Spyware
Spyware & Adware
Spyware and adware are often used by third parties to infiltrate your computer.
What it is:
Software that collects personal information about you without you knowing. They often
come in the form of a ‘free' download and are installed automatically with or without your
consent. These are difficult to remove and can infect your computer with viruses.
What it can do:

 Collect information about you without you knowing about it and give it to third
parties.
 Send your usernames, passwords, surfing habits, list of applications you've
downloaded, settings, and even the version of your operating system to third
parties.
 Change the way your computer runs without your knowledge.
 Take you to unwanted sites or inundate you with uncontrollable pop-up ads.
Trojan Horses
A Trojan horse may not be a term you're familiar with, but there's a good chance you or
someone you know has been affected by one.
What it is:
A malicious program that is disguised as, or embedded within, legitimate software. It is
an executable file that will install itself and run automatically once it's downloaded.
What it can do:

 Delete your files.
 Use your computer to hack other computers.
 Watch you through your web cam.
 Log your keystrokes (such as a credit card number you entered in an online
purchase).
 Record usernames, passwords and other personal information.
Viruses
Most people have heard of computer viruses, but not many know exactly what they are
or what they do.
What they are:

Malicious computer programs that are often sent as an email attachment or a download
with the intent of infecting your computer, as well as the computers of everyone in your
contact list. Just visiting a site can start an automatic download of a virus.
What they can do:

 Send spam.
 Provide criminals with access to your computer and contact lists.
 Scan and find personal information like passwords on your computer.
 Hijack your web browser.
 Disable your security settings.
 Display unwanted ads.
When a program is running, the virus attached to it could infiltrate your hard drive and
also spread to USB keys and external hard drives. Any attachment you create using this
program and send to someone else could also infect them with the virus.
How will you know if your computer is infected?

Here are a few things to check for:
 It takes longer than usual for your computer to start up, it restarts on its own or
doesn't start up at all.
 It takes a long time to launch a program.
 Files and data have disappeared.
 Your system and programs crash constantly.
 The homepage you set on your web browser is different (note that this could be
caused by Adware that has been installed on your computer).
 Web pages are slow to load.
 Your computer screen looks distorted.
 Programs are running without your control.
If you suspect a problem, make sure your security software is up to date and run it to
check for infection. If nothing is found, or if you are unsure of what to do, seek technical
help.
Wi-Fi Eavesdropping
WiFi eavesdropping is another method used by cyber criminals to capture personal
information.
What it is:
Virtual “listening in” on information that's shared over an unsecure (not encrypted) WiFi
network.
What it can do:

 Potentially access your computer with the right equipment.
 Steal your personal information including logins and passwords.
Worms
Worms are a common threat to computers and the Internet as a whole.
What they are:

A worm, unlike a virus, goes to work on its own without attaching itself to files or
programs. It lives in your computer memory, doesn't damage or alter the hard drive and
propagates by sending itself to other computers in a network – whether within a
company or the Internet itself.
What they can do:

 Spread to everyone in your contact list.
 Cause a tremendous amount of damage by shutting down parts of the Internet,
wreaking havoc on an internal network and costing companies enormous
amounts of lost revenue.
WPA2 Handshake Vulnerabilities
The Key reinstallation attack (or Krack) vulnerability allows a malicious actor to read
encrypted network traffic on a Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) router and send traffic
back to the network.
What it can do:

Krack can affect both personal (home users, and small businesses) and enterprise
networks. Any devices that are connected to the network, such as laptops,
smartphones, smart devices, even an installed USB key, can be read by the attacker. A
malicious actor could use this vulnerability to steal sensitive information, and also insert
malware or ransomware that would make a website unsafe to visit.
Krack does not divulge Wi-Fi passwords to attackers, nor does it permit a malicious
device to be connected to the network. Krack is unable to compromise Virtual Private
Networks (VPN) or HTTPS protocols used by online shopping and banking sites.
What you can do:

To help protect yourself, keep all software, operating systems and routers up-to-date
with the latest patches (updates).
10 Tips on How to Prevent Malware from Infecting Your Computer—and Your

Livelihood
1. Install Anti-Virus/Malware Software.

This tip may go without saying, and I almost just casually mentioned it in my opening
paragraph. However, I have seen many computers—especially home computers—that
don’t have anti-virus/malware protection. This protection is a must-have first step in
keeping your computer virus free.
2. Keep Your Anti-Virus Software Up to Date.

Having protection software is the first step; maintaining it is the second. Free anti-virus
software is better than nothing, but keep in mind that it’s not the best solution. Microsoft
does provide a security package for “free.” It’s free in that if you have Windows on your
machine, you are granted access, but you did pay for your Windows license. Many
users aren’t aware of this program, but it’s actually decent protection.
3. Run Regularly Scheduled Scans with Your Anti-Virus Software.

This too may seem like a no-brainer, but many of us forget to do this. Set up your
software of choice to run at regular intervals. Once a week is preferred, but do not wait
much longer between scans. It’s difficult to work on your computer while your anti-virus
software is running. One solution is to run the software at night when you aren’t using
your computer. However, we often turn off our computers at night, and so the scan
never runs. Set your anti-virus software to run on a specific night, and always leave your
computer running on that day. Make sure it doesn’t shut off automatically or go into
hibernation mode.
4. Keep Your Operating System Current.
Whether you are running Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, or any other OS, keep it up to
date. OS developers are always issuing security patches that fix and plug security
leaks. These patches will help to keep your system secure. Similarly, keep your anti-
virus software up to date. Viruses and malware are created all the time. Your scanning
software is only as good as its database. It too must be as up to date as possible.
5. Secure Your Network.

Many of our computers connect to our files, printers, or the Internet via a Wi-Fi
connection. Make sure it requires a password to access it and that the password is
strong. Never broadcast an open Wi-Fi connection. Use WPA or WPA2 encryption.
WEP is no longer strong enough as it can be bypassed in minutes by experts. It’s also a
great idea to not broadcast your SSID (the name of your Wi-Fi network). You can still
access it with your device, you will just have to manually type in the SSID and the
password. If you frequently have guests who use your Internet, provide a guest SSID
that uses a different password, just in case your friends are evil hackers.
6. Think Before You Click.

Avoid websites that provide pirated material. Do not open an email attachment from
somebody or a company that you do not know. Do not click on a link in an unsolicited
email. Always hover over a link (especially one with a URL shortener) before you click
to see where the link is really taking you. If you have to download a file from the
Internet, an email, an FTP site, a file-sharing service, etc., scan it before you run it. A
good anti-virus software will do that automatically, but make sure it is being done.
7. Keep Your Personal Information Safe.

This is likely the most difficult thing to do on the Internet. Many hackers will access your
files not by brute force, but through social engineering. They will get enough of your
information to gain access to your online accounts and will glean more of your personal
data. They will continue from account to account until they have enough of your info that
they can access your banking data or just steal your identity altogether. Be cautious on
message boards and social media. Lock down all of your privacy settings, and avoid
using your real name or identity on discussion boards.
8. Don’t Use Open Wi-Fi.

When you are at the local coffee shop, library, and especially the airport, don’t use the
“free” open (non-password, non-encrypted) Wi-Fi. Think about it. If you can access it
with no issues, what can a trained malicious individual do?
9. Back Up Your Files.

The best thing you can do is back up your files—all of them. Ideally you will have your
files (your data) in at least three places: the place where you work on them, on a
separate storage device, and off-site. Keep your files on your computer, back them up
to an external hard drive, then back them up in a different location. You can use a
backup service or simply get two external hard drives and keep one at work, at a
friend’s house, at a family member’s house, or in a safe deposit box.
10. Use Multiple Strong Passwords.
Never use the same password, especially on your bank account. Typically, we use the
same email address or username for all of our accounts. Those are easy to see and
steal. If you use the same password for everything, or on many things, and it is
discovered, then it takes only seconds to hack your account. Use a strong password.
Use lower case, upper case, numbers, and symbols in your password. Keep it easy to
remember but difficult to guess. Do not use dates or pet names.
C. ACTIVITY
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. Enumerate and define the computer threats.
2. How will you manage the computer threats?
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Computer Security Threats are possible dangers that can affect the smooth
functioning of your PC. These may be a small piece of adware or a harmful
Trojan malware. In the present age, computer security threats are constantly
increasing as the world is going digital.
REFERENCES
https://www.google.com/search?q=sick+child+and+healthy+child&sxsrf=ALeKk00iCxd
F9tC-
yV7cadgXO_OsFFY3uw:1597991683927&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwjhpbL11qvrAhW5yosBHdX3BWEQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=608#img
rc=O9t0woKGQIOMHM
https://www.reveantivirus.com/en/computer-security-threats
OUTLINE
Lesson 5: Researching and Evaluating the web
OUTCOMES

a. know how to research and evaluate the web.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! The Internet is a digital world at our fingertips, just brimming with
information waiting to be discovered. But what are the most effective ways of exploring
that world? You should know that the Internet is a global communication network that
allows computers to exchange and share information worldwide. The Internet makes it
possible for people around the world to connect and share ideas across time zones and
geographical locations. However, because cyberspace is such a large realm, it is easy
to get "lost". It can sometimes be difficult to find the information you need. So, the most
effective way to explore the Internet is to have strategies in place for doing research on
the Web and for evaluating the websites you find there.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1.Observe the picture.

2.Tell something about the image.
B. DISCUSSION:
Internet research is the practice of using Internet information, especially free

information on the World Wide Web, or Internet-based resources (like
Internet discussion forum) in research.
Internet research has had a profound impact on the way ideas are formed
and knowledge is created. Common applications of Internet research include personal
research on a particular subject (something mentioned on the news, a health problem,
etc.), students doing research for academic projects and papers, and journalists and
other writers researching stories.
Research is a broad term. Here, it is used to mean "looking something up (on the
Web)". It includes any activity where a topic is identified, and an effort is made to
actively gather information for the purpose of furthering understanding. It may include
some post-collection analysis like a concern for quality or synthesis.
Through searches on the Internet hundreds or thousands of pages can often be quickly
found with some relation to a given topic. In addition, email (including mailing lists),
online discussion forums (aka message boards, BBS's), and other personal
communication facilities (instant messaging, IRC, newsgroups, etc.) can provide direct
access to experts and other individuals with relevant interests and knowledge.
Internet research is distinct from library research (focusing on library-bound resources)
and commercial database research (focusing on commercial databases). While many
commercial databases are delivered through the Internet, and some libraries purchase
access to library databases on behalf of their patrons, searching such databases is
generally not considered part of “Internet research”. It should also be distinguished
from scientific research (research following a defined and rigorous process) carried out
on the Internet, from straightforward retrieving of details like a name or phone number,
and from research about the Internet.
Internet research can provide quick, immediate, and worldwide access to information,
although results may be affected by unrecognized bias, difficulties in verifying a
writer's credentials (and therefore the accuracy or pertinence of the information
obtained) and whether the searcher has sufficient skill to draw meaningful results from
the abundance of material typically available. The first resources retrieved may not be
the most suitable resources to answer a particular question. Popularity is often a factor
used in structuring Internet search results but popular information is not always most
correct or representative of the breadth of knowledge and opinion on a topic.
While conducting commercial research fosters a deep concern with costs, and library
research fosters a concern with access, Internet research fosters a deep concern for
quality, managing the abundance of information and with avoiding unintended bias. This
is partly because Internet research occurs in a less mature information environment: an
environment with less sophisticated / poorly communicated search skills and much less
effort in organizing information. Library and commercial research has many search
tactics and strategies unavailable on the Internet and the library and commercial
environments invest more deeply in organizing and vetting their information.
Five Criteria - Accuracy, Authority, Objectivity, Currency and Coverage:
Evaluation of Web documents How to interpret the basics
1. Accuracy of Web Documents
Accuracy
 Who wrote the page and can
you contact him or her?
 Make sure author provides e-mail or a
 What is the purpose of the
contact address/phone number.
document and why was it
 Know the distinction between author and
produced?
Webmaster.
 Is this person qualified to write
this document?
2. Authority of Web Documents
 Who published the document Authority

and is it separate from the
"Webmaster?"  What credentials are listed for the
 Check the domain of the authors)?
document, what institution  Where is the document published? Check
publishes this document? URL domain.
 Does the publisher list his or
her qualifications?
3. Objectivity of Web Documents Objectivity
 What goals/objectives does this  Determine if page is a mask for

page meet? advertising; if so information might be
 How detailed is the biased.
information?  View any Web page as you would an
 What opinions (if any) are infomercial on television. Ask yourself why
expressed by the author? was this written and for whom?
4. Currency of Web Documents

Currency
 When was it produced?
 How many dead links are on the page?
 When was it updated'
 Are the links current or updated regularly?
 How up-to-date are the links (if
 Is the information on the page outdated?
any)?
Coverage
5. Coverage of the Web Documents
 If page requires special software to view
 Are the links (if any) evaluated
the information, how much are you
and do they complement the
missing if you don't have the software?
documents' theme?
 Is it free or is there a fee, to obtain the
 Is it all images or a balance of
information?
text and images?
 Is there an option for text only, or frames,
 Is the information presented
or a suggested browser for better
cited correctly? viewing?
Putting it all together
 Accuracy. If your page lists the author and institution that published the page
and provides a way of contacting him/her,
 Authority. If your page lists the author credentials and its domain is preferred
(.edu, .gov, .org, or .net),
 Objectivity. If your page provides accurate information with limited advertising
and it is objective in presenting the information,
 Currency. If your page is current and updated regularly (as stated on the page)
and the links (if any) are also up-to-date, and
 Coverage. If you can view the information properly--not limited to fees, browser
technology, or software requirement.
C. ACTIVITY
Directions: Answer the following
1. Enumerate and define the computer threats.
2. How will you manage the computer threats?
SUMMARY
Remember:
 We all love the Internet. It is accessible, convenient and fast. Though the
Internet provides a lot of information on almost anything you can think of, it may
not be quite so easy to verify and evaluate that information. If you are going to
use the Internet as your main source for information, beware! Remember,
anyone can publish information on the Internet.
REFERENCES
http://frimmerclass.weebly.com/exploring-the-internet-researching-and-evaluating-the-
web.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_research
https://www.google.com/search?q=internet+images+app&sxsrf=ALeKk03hk4egCjlIzm
kHcaLlL8TYzXgy2A:1597994208880&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj
XjLGp4KvrAhUWxosBHcsoATUQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=KK
DT6cQX0azv8M
OUTLINE
Lesson 6: Social Media Use
OUTCOMES

a. use social media wisely.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Social media engagement remains an essential ingredient of business

and marketing success. To win over audiences in a world increasingly dominated by
instantaneous social media and the 24-hour news cycle, the power of connecting with
people can be the difference between success and failure.
Dealing with real-life situations demands knowledge of habits that can be studied
and learned over time. Whether engaging with people for the first time, negotiating
details of a potential sale, or following up on a potential speaking engagement, you are
likely to be initiating and closing deals strictly through social media.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
1. What will you do if somebody use your identity in making crimes through
internet?
2. Give your insights regarding your friend who has been bullied in social
media.
B. DISCUSSION:
Social media is an umbrella term that describes websites that connect people
and involve user-generated content. User-generated content is the hallmark of a social
media site versus a traditional website. This model contrasts with the editorially
controlled style of old media. Social media is sometimes called Web 2.0. Right now
social media is a huge opportunity for you to reach your target audience and to increase
sales online. Let's talk a look at the different types of social media websites and how
you can use them to reach your target audience.
Social Media News Websites
The distinguishing feature of this type of social media site is that users submit
links to Web content (articles, podcasts, videos, etc.) that they find interesting. Think of
these sites as social filtering or content curation type sites, where the best, most
interesting content floats to the top. Examples of social news sites include Digg, Reddit,
and StumbleUpon.
When it comes to marketing your business on social media news websites, the
key is to focus on providing valuable content and not overtly marketing yourself, your
products or your services (this is a quick way to get a lot of negative feedback and
potentially banned from these sites). If it makes sense, you can link back to your
website or another related resource on your own website; but the primary focus should
be on providing useful information - content marketing is the name of the game here.
Social Media Networking Websites
The distinguishing feature of a social networking site is the ability to upload a

personal profile. These sites usually focus on the individual and connecting with other
people.
Today, adults (and businesses) have joined the social networking bandwagon
with more useful sites like LinkedIn (social networking for professionals)
and Facebook (social networking for everyone, it seems).
Unlike social media news websites where the focus is on providing valuable
content, the key with social media networking sites is to make connections and develop
one-to-one relationships. Social media networking sites are just another avenue for you
to meet people and develop relationships that can eventually lead to joint-venture
partnerships, business opportunities, and sales.
While most people think of doing free marketing on social media networking
sites, another huge opportunity is to do paid advertising on social media. The advantage
of paid advertising on social media, over other means of advertising, is that you can
really laser target your ideal audience by demographics, psychographics, etc. due to the
large volume of personal information these social media sites collect.
Social Media Photo and Video Sharing
One of the most popular types of social media sites is the photo and video
sharing services. Even though social networking sites like Facebook allow users to
upload photos and videos, the standalone services are still immensely popular.
The most popular social media platform for uploading photos is Instagram and
the most popular site for sharing videos is YouTube. Pinterest is also becoming a huge
website for sharing pictures. If you're in an especially visually based niche you'll
definitely want to use Pinterest to drive more website traffic.
Microblogging Blogging Websites
Sometimes called "presence apps", these services let users post very short
messages (kind of like blogging), and easily keep up with what their friends are posting
(that's where the social media aspect comes into play).
Twitter is by far the most popular microblogging service. Twitter limits you to 280
characters per post and allows you to follow a set of users ("friends") from one
dashboard. Twitter is unique in the sense that like LinkedIn, it's a great way to connect
with influencers in your market and also like Facebook, it's a great place to keep
followers up-to-date with your latest content and promotional offerings. Another popular
social media app that you could call a "micro" platform is SnapChat. Similar to Twitter,
only the user-generated content is video based as opposed to text.
Social Media Review Websites
Local business review site Yelp! shows how social reviews can make or break a
company.
User submitted reviews at Amazon and the feedback system at eBay are two
other examples of social review that can make or break a company (or product).
The key here is to encourage your customers to leave positive reviews and
ratings for your business, products, and services on these websites. This can increase
your rankings and also increase credibility and most importantly sales in your business.
For instance, if you sell books on Amazon.com then you should encourage your
readers to leave a rating and review on Amazon. If you have a local business you
should encourage your customers to leave positive reviews on Yelp. And if you sell
products on eBay, then you should - you get the point.
Keep in mind if you have a local "brick and mortar" business you should have a
business listing on Google and encourage customers to leave positive reviews of your
business on Google. This can increase your rankings and the number of new customers
you attract.
Social Media for Everyone
Social media has broad implications for businesses - online and even offline.
There is at least one social media site for everyone and you're probably best served by
utilizing as many social media sites as possible; as the more places you are the more
chances you have of reaching your audience. Here are some general guidelines on the
best uses of social media for your business:
 Facebook: A great site if you are marketing to a general consumer market
(though useful for just about any business and niche market).
 LinkedIn: Perfect for people who love one-to-one networking. Great for business
to business.
 Pinterest: A great match for businesses that are very visual (physical products,
interior design, etc.)
 YouTube: If you're willing to put the time and effort into a video marketing
strategy, this is the place to be. (Note: right now using video marketing on
Facebook is a huge opportunity as well.)
 Yelp!: If you're a main street retailer or restaurant, you live and die by the
reviews on Yelp!.
 Google Business: same as above, a must have for local businesses.
 SnapChat: right now great if you're targeting a younger audience/millennials.
C. ACTIVITY:
Make an essay on how to use social media wisely.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 Cyber Bullying is often neglected as a cybercrime because of the truth that it isn't
always as widely publicized as greater traditional cybercrimes such as
identification robbery and piracy are. Cyber Bullying is likewise very ambiguous
in nature. While piracy and identification theft have clear definitions that depart
no question as to whether or not a criminal offense has been devoted, labeling
an act as cyber bullying is not as clear-cut.
REFERENCES
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/social-media-engagement-ideas-4030578
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/social-media-overview-what-it-is-and-how-to-use-it-
2531971
OUTLINE
Lesson 7: Mobile Devices
OUTCOMES

a. use mobile devices wisely and carefully.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! Social media engagement remains an essential ingredient of business

and marketing success. To win over audiences in a world increasingly dominated by
instantaneous social media and the 24-hour news cycle, the power of connecting with
people can be the difference between success and failure.
Dealing with real-life situations demands knowledge of habits that can be studied and
learned over time. Whether engaging with people for the first time, negotiating details of
a potential sale, or following up on a potential speaking engagement, you are likely to
be initiating and closing deals strictly through social media.
LESSON PROPER
A. GETTING STARTED:
Draw 5 mobile devices and explain how you use it.
B. DISCUSSION:
A mobile device is an electronic device which its user can easily carry with
them. Typical examples are a mobile phone, PDA and handheld game consoles. Mobile
devices do not need an external power supply to work. Usually, they have a battery to
hold electricity to work without electric wires. A user can change, send and
move data by connecting to a modem or cable, or more often wirelessly.
Uses for these devices include reading and writing e-mails, surfing in
the internet and listening to music. Smartphones, tablets and similar complicated mobile
devices can run computer programs including computer games, and have many of the
functions of a desktop PC.
EXAMPLES OF MOBILE DEVICES

 Palmtop
 Using a tablet computer
 PDA - Personal digital assistant
 Cell phone
 Pocket PC
 Smartphone
 Tablet computer
 Smartwatch
 Bluetooth headset
A mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computer.

These devices are designed to be extremely portable, and they can often fit in your
hand. Some mobile devices—like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones—are powerful
enough to do many of the same things you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.
C. ACTIVITY:
Make an essay on how to use mobile devices wisely.
SUMMARY
Remember:
 MOBILE DEVICES are portable computing device such as a smartphone or
tablet computer and "whether you're on a mobile device or a desktop, good
security practices are the best way to avoid these threats"
REFERENCES
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&sxsrf=ALeKk00EP_z1PjYhJa216E
3awJ14sD4ilw%3A1597995321410&ei=OXk_X6zGGJCzmAWrz52wCQ&q=mobile+dev
ices&oq=mobile+devices&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggA
MgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgjECc6BAgAEEM6BAguEEM6CAgAELEDEIMB
OgUIABCxAzoFCAAQkQI6BwgAEBQQhwI6BQguELEDOgsILhCxAxDHARCjAjoICAAQ
sQMQkQJQuCZYzUJgwEhoAHABeACAAfUCiAHMFpIBBzAuNy42LjGYAQCgAQGqAQ
dnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwjsxvC75KvrAhWQGaYKHatnB5YQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
OUTLINE
Lesson 8: Digital Traits
OUTCOMES

a. enumerate the digital traits.
OVERVIEW
Hey guys! It’s no secret that success in the world of digital marketing requires a
special kind of person because digital marketers need the skills, knowledge, and
experience of a variety of different professionals. Digital marketing is a career that
combines traditional marketing, web design, SEO, social media marketing, content
writing, and much more, so the traits required to succeed are many and varied. Many of
the traits of a successful digital marketer pertain to things like being independent and
self-motivated to work and to learn, but it’s also necessary that you be able to work as
part of a team, lead others, and communicate effectively with clients, coworkers, and
the public. Here are some of the other key traits you need to succeed in your digital
marketing career.
LESSON PROPER
A. DISCUSSION:
DIGITAL TRAITS
The Ability to Self-Start
Remember back in high school or university when you got paired with other students to
work on projects, and you always dreaded being partnered with the ones who were
notorious for not following through with their portion of the work? Well, those types of
people would never succeed in digital marketing. Digital marketing is a field that often
offers a great deal of professional freedom, so if you can keep yourself motivated and
on track, then you'll find lots of doors opening for you in this business. For one thing,
many digital marketers end up working for themselves or for a firm that grants them
autonomy, so you alone will be responsible for managing your own time and projects.
Unless you can keep yourself motivated, you'll find it difficult to stay on track with your
work.
Loving a Challenge
Because of things like ever-evolving technology, consumer habits that are always
changing, and the increasing sophistication of both the internet and its users, the world
of digital marketing is in a state constant of flux. There are always new things to learn,
new arts to master, and new hurdles to overcome, and it’s an absolute must that you
love puzzles, tests, and all the other things that make life both interesting and
challenging. Furthermore, every project in digital marketing is different, so you have to
be willing to think on your feet, be creative, and be ready to look at things from a
different perspective in order to achieve the goals your clients are trying to reach.
Flexibility and Adaptability

Another consequence of digital marketing being ever-changing is that it requires digital
marketers to be equally willing to change and adapt. Flexibility, therefore, is an essential
quality in a digital marketing professional, because you always have to be prepared to
adopt new practices, update your skill set and knowledge base, keep up with industry
best practices, and stay current with the latest technologies and trends. A great
example of how things are always changing in digital marketing is the Google algorithm.
The algorithm is always being updated, and every time they release a new version, it
changes the way digital marketers and SEO specialists approach their craft.
A Passion for Learning

As you may have guessed, lifelong learning is an absolute must-have quality for
anybody interested in digital marketing, because the field is always evolving, as is the
technology that informs it. There are many ways you can keep up to date with the latest
information, tech, and best practices, and they include:
 Attending conferences
 Building a strong network with other digital marketing professionals
 Keeping apprised of industry news, including when and what the latest algorithm
changes are
 Taking refresher courses on important topics
 Learning new skills, like web design and creation, copywriting, and statistics
Another reason the love of learning is so important is that it makes you curious, and that
means you'll be more willing to take minor risks when it comes to pushing the envelope
and testing new practices.
The Desire to Help Grow Other Businesses

The main goal of digital marketing is to help businesses gain exposure, find new leads,
build their brands, increase conversions and sales, and grow their companies. In
today’s world where people rely on the internet for things like researching products,
choosing a business to deal with, and making purchasing decisions, it’s integral that a
company have an online presence if they want to succeed, and digital marketing
professionals must have a passion for making this happen. Not only do you have to
want to help other people grow their businesses, but you must also be dedicated to their
success because their triumphs are also yours.
Communication Skills
Digital marketing is all about communication: it’s about disseminating messages,
building relationships, and establishing trust, and none of this can be accomplished
without excellent communication skills. The key here is being able to take a message
and convey it to an audience in a way that’s clear and concise, but also interesting and
relevant. This requires being able to see things from another person’s perspective,
being able to communicate ideas in a way that will make sense to others, and having a
knack for knowing what others will find entertaining and worthwhile.
Leadership and Management

Like most industries, digital marketing is a multifaceted field that requires many different
skills and qualities. Because of this, digital marketing professionals often work in
conjunction with others who have skills that complement their own, such as an SEO
expert teaming up with a web designer and content marketer. As such, it’s essential that
you be able to lead and manage a team to make sure things get done properly and on
time, and that often means delegating tasks, dividing projects, and making sure
everybody stays focused and on track, all while keeping the client apprised of your
progress. A related trait that digital marketers require, therefore, is the ability to
collaborate and work well with others, because digital marketing is a team effort rather
than a solo endeavor.
Trustworthiness, Reliability, and Dedication

Similarly, because digital marketing requires you to work with both other professionals
and clients, it’s integral that your partners and clients be able to trust you. In order to
gain that trust, you must be a hard-working, dedicated, and reliable person who goes
the extra mile to get a job done, who can complete projects on time and according to
plans, and who doesn’t give up when things get tough. Project managers and coworkers
need to know that when you get a project, it will come back perfect; clients need to
know that when they trust you with their business, they're going to get their money’s
worth. Similarly, you must be dedicated to the pursuit of digital marketing excellence in
general, and that means staying on top of the latest news and best practices so you can
always offer top-notch services.
Strategic and Analytical Thinking

The final trait of a successful digital marketer is the ability to think strategically. Like
traditional marketing, digital marketing is about taking a goal and figuring out how to
help a client achieve that, and this requires the ability to analyze situations, data, and
opportunities to determine the best course of action. For instance, if a client wants to
increase leads and conversions, it could be your job to evaluate their current efforts, see
what's lacking and where, and come up with a comprehensive digital marketing
campaign to produce the results the client is looking for.
B. ACTIVITY:
List down the digital traits and explain briefly

SUMMARY
Remember:
 Digital marketing doesn’t require a great deal of specialized knowledge, but the
key is that you have the traits necessary to make it in this competitive but highly
rewarding field. Most of the technical knowledge and skills can be learned, but
the traits and qualities that are required for success can't be acquired in the same
way. Successful digital marketing professionals all tend to have a love for
learning, are self-starting individuals who are driven and passionate about what
they do, and who can work independently, lead others, and work well as part of a
team. Finally, being a successful digital marketer means caring about the
successes of others, because digital marketing wouldn’t exist without the
businesses who rely on you to help them grow and succeed.
REFERENCES
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&sxsrf=ALeKk00EP_z1PjYhJa216E
3awJ14sD4ilw%3A1597995321410&ei=OXk_X6zGGJCzmAWrz52wCQ&q=mobile+dev
ices&oq=mobile+devices&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggA
MgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgjECc6BAgAEEM6BAguEEM6CAgAELEDEIMB
OgUIABCxAzoFCAAQkQI6BwgAEBQQhwI6BQguELEDOgsILhCxAxDHARCjAjoICAAQ
sQMQkQJQuCZYzUJgwEhoAHABeACAAfUCiAHMFpIBBzAuNy42LjGYAQCgAQGqAQ
dnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwjsxvC75KvrAhWQGaYKHatnB5YQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
OUTLINE
Module 6: Eco-literacy
Lesson 1.Eco-literacy and sustainable development
Lesson 2.The Seven Environmental Principles
Lesson 3.Making schools Dark Green Schools
Environmental Education
OUTCOMES

a. discuss the Eco-literacy and sustainable development;
b. identify the seven environmental principles;
c. explain making schools Dark Green Schools; and
d. define the meaning of Environmental Education.
OVERVIEW
The great challenge of our time is to build and nurture sustainable communities –
communities that are designed in such a way their ways of life, business, economies,
physical structures, and technologies do not interfere with nature’s inherent ability to
sustain life. The first step in this endeavour is to understand the principles of
organization that ecosystems have developed to sustain the web of life. This
understanding is what we call ecological literacy.

assessment
PRE-TEST
As an initial phase of understanding 21st century literacy, it is better to

determine how familiar we are with the topic by simply answering the given
questions.
Choose the best answer:
1. When the surface soil is washed away through excessive rains and floods, it is called:
a. Soil erosion
b. Land degradation
c. Biodiversity
d. Deforestation
2. An ______ includes all living and non-living things together in an area.
a. population
b. ecosystem
c. consumers
d. producers
3. is a gas made up of oxygen that naturally exists high above Earth’s
atmosphere.
a. Helium
b. Hydrogen
c. Ozone
d. Nitrogen
4. Which is a consequence of an increase in greenhouse gases?
a. Ice caps freezing
b. global cooling
c. sea levels rising
5.A plant or animal group whose members all have similar general features
a. kind
b. group
c. species
KEY CONCEPTS
ECO-LITERACY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
What is Eco-Literacy?
Ecological literacy, or eco-literacy, a term first used by American educator

David W. Orr and physicist Fritjof Capra in the 1990s, in order to introduce into
educational practice, the value and well-being of the Earth and its ecosystems. It is a
way of thinking about the world in terms of its interdependent natural and human
systems, including a consideration of the consequences of human actions and
interactions within the natural context. Ecological literacy equips students with the
knowledge and competencies necessary to address complex and urgent environmental
issues in an integrated way, and enables them to help shape a sustainable society that
does not undermine the ecosystems upon which is depends.
Ecological literacy (also referred to as eco-literacy is the ability to understand

the natural systems that make life on earth possible. Through ecological literacy,
children and adults grow to understand the nature and their place in nature. We foster
connections with nature and encourage people to move beyond fear to explore, learn
and act on their knowledge. To be ecoliterate means understanding the principles of
organization of ecological communities (i.e. ecosystems) and using those principles for
creating sustainable human communities. It is a powerful concept as it creates a
foundation for an integrated approach to environmental problems
THE SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES
The Seven Environmental Principles:
1. Everything is connected to everything else. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay

magkakaugnay.)
The intricate relationships of various elements of the ecosystem bind the

components together into one functional unit. The trees in the forest are home to ferns,
orchids, birds, insects and mammals. When these plants and animals die, their products
of decomposition contribute to soil fertility. Plants provide oxygen to animals for aerobic
respiration while animals furnish carbon dioxide to plants for photosynthesis. The quality
of the soil determines the type of vegetation that exists while vegetation contributes to
the minerals of the soil when they die. The living component of the ecosystem affects
and is affected by the abiotic components, such as air, temperature, land. Inter-specific
relationships create a dependency with each other so that they both have to co-exist to
live. All these relationships provide dependencies, check and balances that compose
the details of our life-support systems.
Human interaction with nature oftentimes alters the ecosystems. The waste we
improperly dispose of brings about the deterioration of land and water quality. This may
in turn reduce their capacity to provide life for other organisms. Deforestation causes
soil erosion and the earth deposited on the water bodies covers the coral reefs resulting
to fishery loss. Suspended particulates from vehicular and stationary sources may
cause lung problems among city residents. War causes destruction of wildlife and
habitats.
2. All forms of life are important. (Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.)
All living organisms were created for a purpose in relation to humans, other species
on earth and global ecosystem in general. Thus, when a species becomes extinct, it is
like removing a piece of a jigsaw puzzle from the web of life. The variety of life forms,
manifested by the different levels of biological diversity – community, species and genes
– contributes to the stability of the environment. Food webs, food chains and ecological
relationships link plants and animals together in the web of life. Even bacteria, insects,
snakes and rats have ecological functions even though humans perceive them as
parasites or pests.
To maintain ecological balance, therefore, the conservation of genes, species and

ecosystems becomes essential to keep life together. Biodiversity conservation
strategies commence with the protection of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Land uses, such as protected areas, ensure that the natural state of these habitats
continue to exist in designated areas. Community-based approaches in conservation
maximize citizens’ participation in protected areas. Integrity of natural ecosystems can
likewise be guarded through the preservation of indigenous species.
3. Everything must go somewhere. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay may
patutunguhan.)
By-products of consumption go back to the environment. Everything that we throw

away – pieces of paper, left-over food, peelings of fruits, plastic wrappers, used
containers – have to go somewhere. Even plants and animals have their own wastes –
feces, urine, dead leaves and branches. It is the law of nature that the by-products of
metabolism return to the soil, acted upon first by worms, bacteria and fungi, and then
converted into minerals, to be again absorbed by plants and eaten by animals. In short,
they enter into a material cycle that is an integral part of the ecosystem. But what
happens if what we throw is an artificial product such as plastic? Then natural bacteria
can not recognize them and may not be capable of breaking them apart. These non-
biodegradable products must enter another material cycle – the one that goes to the
factory to be manufactured into a new product. Thus the retrieval, collection and
recycling of these materials become necessary so that they do not pollute land and
water habitats.
4. Ours is a finite earth. (Ang kalikasan ay may hangganan.)
Everything that we need is provided by nature in abundance – food, water, energy,

minerals and air. However, some resources that we depend upon nowadays are
extracted excessively but are slow to replace. These non-renewable resources
experience limits of supply. For instance, fossil fuels produced over thousands of years
may be exhausted in a hundred years. Some energy sources like water, and wood may
be replaced easier but have become inaccessible due to pollution and excessive
extraction. Diminishing forest cover have resulted from logging, ineffective reforestation
and continued land conversion. However, food scarcity and poverty may have resulted
from failed distribution systems rather than inability of the land and water bodies to yield
food.
Several solutions have been suggested to solve this problem: reduction of

consumption, increased use of renewable energy, emissions trading, and pollution
control. The conservation ethic and technological solutions have become viable
strategies to address finiteness of resources. Biodiversity conservation is anchored on
the principle that lost species are irreplaceable. Thus, extinct species have acquired a
greater value – more effort has to be exerted to protect and save endangered species.
The conservation ethic supports the belief that we should tread lightly on the earth by
using only what we need. The philosophy of “sapat”, meaning “enough” suggests that
we should buy and consume only what we need and leave some for the less privileged
and the next generation.
5. Nature knows best. (Ang kalikasan ang mas nakakaalam.)
Nature manifests certain processes that enable it to maintain balance and remain in
a state of equilibrium. The nutrient cycling of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorous
in the air, water and land indicates that minerals are utilized within the confines of the
earth. The flow of energy from the sun enables light to be converted into sugar in plants
through photosynthesis, and later for consumer organisms to obtain energy from plant
starch. Food chains and food webs allow transfer of energy from producers and
consumers and provide the means for all living organisms to acquire nutrition.
Population control also occurs naturally through predator – prey relationships.
The environmental ethics promote that we conform to ecological principles and stay
close to natural products and processes. We should patronize natural food and
consumable materials. Organically grown vegetables provide healthy food without the
side effects that may arise from pesticides. Ecological technology offers an option for us
to choose, that which is closest to nature. The extent to which Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs) affect health remains debatable and the formidable task of
providing adequate safe food for a growing population continues to challenge
agricultural scientists and environmental managers worldwide.
6. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation. (Ang kalikasan

ay maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat na nilikha ng Diyos.)
Creation presupposes the existence of a Creator. The beautiful nature around us,
perfect by itself, has deteriorated due to the negative impacts of human use. This
principle suggests how a Human-Creator relationship is translated in our attitude
towards creation. Theologians explain that there are different levels of this relationship.
First is a relationship determined by dominion of humans over creation, that humans
can do as they wish because this was given by God. The book of Genesis says “have
dominion over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air…” The second level is one of
stewardship, that of a caretaker where humans are not owners but guardians of the
integrity of nature. The third level promotes a kinship relationship postulated by St.
Francis de Assisi in the famous verse “Bother sun, Sister moon”, where humans are no
higher than the birds and fishes of the sea. Fourth is one of sacrament, where nature
becomes a testimony of God’s love. Fifth is a covenant relationship, where protection of
the earth is a life mission manifested in the things that we do and say.
Different religions from Islam to Buddhism to Judeo-Christian to indigenous people’s

animism express the belief of caring for the earth, including all creatures. Thus it is the
goal of environmental education and biodiversity conservation education to motivate
target audiences towards developing an eco-spirituality that moves them into a more
meaningful relationship with nature and a greater participation in the biophysical
economic processes that make this world a better place to live in.
7. Everything changes. (Ang lahat ay nagbabago.)
Changes in the biophysical world occur naturally. As they say, there is nothing more
permanent in this world than change. Consider the following examples. Metamorphosis
of caterpillars to butterflies illustrates morphological changes that occur in living forms.
The increase of vegetation on earth augmented the amount of oxygen in the
atmosphere through time. Seasons are cyclic changes that contribute to the diversity of
flowers, fruits, vegetables and other crops during the year. Random changes
manifested by natural catastrophe such as typhoons destroy forests, coral reefs and
mangroves. Volcanic eruptions annihilate surface flora and submerge rivers.
Human-induced alteration such as climate change may cause more massive

repercussions. Land use change – from forests to agricultural land to human
settlements – change the composition of vegetation and animals. Human-induced
changes can be managed so that the negative impacts are minimized and positive
changes accentuated. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a tool for the
projection, planning and management of change brought about by industrialization and
human settlement expansion. Effluents can be managed through policy and pollution
control techniques by both industry and government to achieve clean air and water.
Sustainable development presents a paradigm of change for the 21st Century.

Sustainable development promotes ecological integrity, equitable sharing of resources
and people empowerment as pillars of growth. Biodiversity conservation contributes to
ecological integrity, through both in-situ and ex-situ techniques. Biodiversity
conservation becomes successful only if coupled with poverty alleviation, improving
equity of access to resources and instituting social change. Environmental education
facilitates social transformation by modifying attitudes and behavior of people towards
an ecological ethic.
MAKING SCHOOL DARK GREEN SCHOOLS

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
The Objective of the Dark Green Program is that students graduating from Philippine
schools have the knowledge skills and motivation to work for the integrity of our
country’s environment, for the whole of God’s creation, for their own sake and for the
sake of generations to come.
What is a Dark-Green School (DGS)?
SDGS is a school that delivers Environmental Education through assimilation of the

environmental philosophy by the student’s day in and day out in formal lessons as well
as from activities outside the classroom. It is clean and neat. There is evidence of good
management and housekeeping.
Calls for green spaces, appropriate land use planning, conservation, of materials and
energy, proper waste management, segregation, use of appropriate materials and
avoidance of harmful ones and respect others’ right to smoke-free air. Calls for
management policies and guidelines that would effect a healthful and ecological
campus.
Has a well-planned environmental Curriculum for all levels with adequately oriented and
trained faculty as well as administrative, library and financial support. Faculty and
students are aware of and appreciate the environmental program of the school.
Reaches out to its outside community to spread concern for the Mother Earth and
facilitate projects that improve the environment. Engages in research that add
knowledge in the ways of Nature and the impact on her from human activities.
The DGS Program
Seeks to ensure deep commitment to the actualization of Environmental

Education goals through:
• Standardization and Accreditation - It will standardize expectations for
different level of greenness.
• School Environmental Assessment Program
 It has 2 components – self-assessment and school visitation.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION involves the entire curriculum:

 Natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, professional
courses;
 Campus practices.
 Implemented and supported by entire school community.
The SCHOOL is the SURROGATE PARENT.

SCHOOLS are CRADLES OF VALUE FORMATION
Let us leave to our CHILDREN

a WORLD as BEAUTIFUL
as that the LORD gave US
and the EDUCATION to keep it so
ACTIVITY
A. Direction: True or False

1. Deforestation causes an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
a. True b. False
2. High biodiversity makes an ecosystem more sustainable because the food web is
stronger and organisms perform a wider variety of functions.
a. True b. False
3. A stable ecosystem typically has high biodiversity.
a. True b. False
4. Standardization and Accreditation in dark green program is not standardize
expectations for different level of greenness.
a. True b. False
5. Sustainable development promotes ecological integrity, equitable sharing of
resources and people empowerment as pillars of growth.
a. True b. False
6. Dark green program reaches out to its outside community to spread concern for the
Mother Earth and facilitate projects that improve the environment.
a. True b. False
7. Schools are cradles of values formation.
a. True b. False
8. Food chains and food webs are not allowing transfer of energy from producers and
consumers and provide the means for all living organisms to acquire nutrition.
a. True b. False
9. Seasons are cyclic changes that contribute to the diversity of flowers, fruits,
vegetables and other crops during the year.
a. True b. False
10. Different religions from Islam to Buddhism to Judeo-Christian to indigenous people’s
animism express the belief of caring for the earth, including all creatures.
a. True b. False

1. What is the meaning of eco-literacy?
2. Explain the seven environmental principles.
3. Why schools dark green program is important in education? Give an example.
4. How environmental education is important to all human?
SUMMARY
 Ecological literacy (also referred to as eco-literacy is the ability to understand

the natural systems that make life on earth possible. Through ecological literacy,
children and adults grow to understand the nature and their place in nature. We
foster connections with nature and encourage people to move beyond fear to
explore, learn and act on their knowledge.
The Seven Environmental Principles:
1. Everything is connected to everything else. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay

magkakaugnay.)
 The intricate relationships of various elements of the ecosystem bind the
components together into one functional unit.
2. All forms of life are important. (Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.)
 All living organisms were created for a purpose in relation to humans,
other species on earth and global ecosystem in general.
3. Everything must go somewhere. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay may
patutunguhan.)
 It is the law of nature that the by-products of metabolism return to the soil,
acted upon first by worms, bacteria and fungi, and then converted into
minerals, to be again absorbed by plants and eaten by animals. In short,
they enter into a material cycle that is an integral part of the ecosystem.
4. Ours is a finite earth. (Ang kalikasan ay may hangganan.)
 Everything that we need is provided by nature in abundance – food, water,
energy, minerals and air. However, some resources that we depend upon
nowadays are extracted excessively but are slow to replace. These non-
renewable resources experience limits of supply.
5. Nature knows best. (Ang kalikasan ang mas nakakaalam.)
 Nature manifests certain processes that enable it to maintain balance and
remain in a state of equilibrium. The environmental ethics promote that we
conform to ecological principles and stay close to natural products and
processes.
6. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation. (Ang kalikasan
ay maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat na nilikha ng Diyos.)
 Creation presupposes the existence of a Creator. The beautiful nature
around us, perfect by itself, has deteriorated due to the negative impacts
of human use. This principle suggests how a Human-Creator relationship
is translated in our attitude towards creation.
7. Everything changes. (Ang lahat ay nagbabago.)
 Changes in the biophysical world occur naturally. As they say, there is
nothing more permanent in this world than change. Sustainable
development presents a paradigm of change for the 21st Century.
Sustainable development promotes ecological integrity, equitable sharing
of resources and people empowerment as pillars of growth.
 Dark-Green School (DGS) is a school that delivers Environmental Education

through assimilation of the environmental philosophy by the student’s day in and
day out in formal lessons as well as from activities outside the classroom. It is
clean and neat. There is evidence of good management and housekeeping.
 The DGS Program

 Seeks to ensure deep commitment to the actualization of Environmental
Education goals through:
• Standardization and Accreditation - It will standardize expectations for
different level of greenness.
• School Environmental Assessment Program
 It has 2 components – self-assessment and school visitation.
 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION involves the entire curriculum:

 Natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, professional
courses;
 Campus practices.
 Implemented and supported by entire school community.
POST TEST

1. Humans.........rivers, lakes and oceans because they throw rubbish into them.
a. pollute
b. clean
c. recycle
d. emit
2. We shouldn't ...........trees. We can plant new trees.
a. cut down
b. throw
c. turn on
d. pollute
3. Plastic bags .........our environment, so we should use eco-friendly bags instead of
them.
a. save
b. protect
c. threaten
d. use
4. Trees are very important for our health because they produce oxygen. As human
beings, we cut the trees and destroy the forests and this cause......
a. nuclear waste
b. deforestation
c. air pollution
d. ozone layer depletion
5. Which of the following environmental problems is experienced worldwide?
a. Oil Spill
b. Deforestation
c. Destruction of the ozone layer
d. Flashfloods
6. __ is another word for a person who is a caretaker of God's creation.
a. A steward
b. A teacher
c. A minister
d. An ambassador
7. Changes to an environment may make it more difficult for an organism to find-
a. food.
b. shelter.
c. water.
d. all of the above
8. What is the process of turning some of the biodegradable wastes into soil nutrients?
a. humus
b. decomposition
c. composting
d. decomposer
9. Which of the following can be broken down or decomposed by living organisms?
a. biodegradable
b. non biodegradable
c. trash
d. compost
10. Which of the following term refers to separating wastes or throwing them in the
correct trash bins?
a. reduce
b. refuse
c. recycling
d. waste segregation
https:/en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
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OUTLINE
Module 7: Arts and Creativity Literacy

Lesson 1. Visual literacy
Lesson 2. Eye/hand/brain coordination
Lesson 3. Verbal creativity
Lesson 4. Visual Creativity
Aesthetics
OUTCOMES

a. discuss the concept of Arts and Creativity Literacy;
b. describe the eye/hand/brain coordination;
c. give the importance of visual literacy;
d. explain the verbal creativity;
e. define visual creativity in education; and
f. discuss the history of aesthetics.
OVERVIEW
As rightly said, “When the economy changes, so must education.” Humankind has
witnessed demands of 19th century industrialization with the power and impact of steam
and steel. In the 20th century, we saw professional degrees suited for corporate
economy and office environment. And, we are now prepared for the 21 st century
evolution where basic computer knowledge will not be enough.
In today’s age where Robots are taking over repeat tasks and decision-making, the
need of the hour is to cultivate 21st Century Skills that will enable us to survive the big
wave of Technology adoption, Automation and Artificial intelligence. The term 21st
Century Skills is generally used to refer to certain core competencies such as
collaboration, digital literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving that we need to teach
students to thrive in today’s changing world. It is a mindset that has a combination of
skills, knowledge, work habits and character to be 21st century relevant.
Arts and Creativity Literacy a significant contribution to the development of 21st

century knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Through the development of critical thinking,
creativity, imagination and innovation, arts integration offers a powerful way to create “a
new learning environment consistent with the cognitive and expressive demands of the
21st century.”
assessment
PRE-TEST
As an initial phase of understanding 21st century literacy, it is better to determine

how familiar we are with the topic by simply answering the given questions.
Choose the best answer:
1. Definition of Arts
a. Expression of the essence of person creativity.
b. Ability to create
c. Producing artwork
d. Ability to produce
2. Definition of Creative
a. Ability to use
b. Self-expression
c. Ability to create
d. Self esteem
3. Creative people have

a. only positive traits.
b. only negative traits.
c. both positive and negative traits.
d. no defined traits.
4. If we want to ________creativity in the classroom we should let the students come up

with their own ideas.
a. create
b. make
c. encourage
d. understand
5. The teacher played games to __________excitement in the classroom.

a. invent
b. creative
c. creatively
d. create
KEY CONCEPTS
ARTS AND CREATIVITY LITERACY
What is Art?
In recent years, the word “art” is roughly used as an abbreviation for creative
art or fine art, where some skill is being used to express the artist’s creativity, or to
engage the audience’s aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards
consideration of the “finer” things. If the skill being used is more lowbrow or practical, the
word "craft" is often used instead of art. Similarly, if the skill is being used in a
commercial or industrial way, it may be considered "design" (or "applied art"). Some
have argued, though, that the difference between fine art and applied art or crafts has
more to do with value judgments made about the art than any clear definitional
difference.
This literacy can be manifested in creative ways of problem- solving and expressed
through the production of various at works. Teachers and students need to be more
adept in the arts and manifest creativity in various activities. Engagement with the arts
also allows students to appreciate and understand the different cultures and values of
our very diverse society. It has been said that the arts “become the shared link, the glue
that shapes our understanding of how we see ourselves and each other”.
Education through the arts has enormous possibilities not yet fully developed,
including new methods and learning strategies to develop critical thinking, risk-taking,
social and environmental awareness. These strategies are tested out in many
communities around the world significantly impacting communities through formal and
informal education. Artists, activists, teachers and educators in the borders between art,
therapy and education are fostering identity, social cohesion and environmental values
through arts-based learning opportunities; common to all of these approaches is the
development of creativity in learning groups.
Why the Arts are so important in the 21st Century?
Currently much debate in the educational community centres around maths, science,
literacy and skills linked to the entrepreneurial environment. These subjects are deemed
to have greater currency in a competitive global economy. This view stands, even
though it is generally accepted that the creative arts encourage the development of
creativity, innovation, collaboration, critical thinking, communication, motivation and self-
confidence… skills seen as essential for the 21st Century work environment.
Research across a number of years, countries and education systems supports the
belief that playing an instrument benefits creativity, spatial-temporal ability, IQ scores,
and reading and language. Some studies also suggest that it can improve self-concept,
self-efficacy, motivation and behaviour in secondary school children.
The research found that students who engaged with the arts in schools as active
participants – as makers and doers of the arts – were more likely improve their
outcomes in academic and social spheres than those who passively consumed the arts.
So, being able to express your individuality through the arts can develop your sense of
identity and through this, your self-esteem.
The educational space occupied by the creative and performing arts has the potential
to inspire in our student’s innovative ways of thinking that can then be expressed
creatively. These creations reflect imagination and endless possibilities for the future.
Sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz said: “Art does not solve problems, but makes us
aware of their existence… Arts education, on the other hand, does solve problems.
Years of research show that it’s closely linked to almost everything that we as a nation
say we want for our children and demand from our schools: academic achievement,
social and emotional development, civic engagement, and equitable opportunity.” (Cited
in Smith, F., 2009)
What is Creativity?
Creativity is derived from the Latin word ‘Creatus’ literally ‘to make into observance’.
Creativity is manifested in the production of a creative work. Creative people view things
in new ways or from different perspective also attributed to divine intervention, cognitive
traits and chance and may be traits acquired at birth or taught with the application of
simple techniques. Creativity is the ability to see something in a new way, to view and
solve problems in different ways, untried and unusual and to engage in mental and
physical experiences that are novel, unique or different. Creativity is the ability to
develop new, diverse and unique ideas with curiosity, imagination, innovation and
personal expression. Creative thinking means looking at things from a different
perspective and not be restricted by rules, customs, or norms. Thinking out-of-the-box.
According to Guilford, “Creativity sometimes refers to creative potential, sometimes to

creative production, and sometimes to creative productivity.” Here creative potential
means the personal disposition of the individual in which there are some more or less
permanent qualities which help him in creative thinking. Creative thinking leads to new
ideas. Creative production means the processes of productive thinking. Creative
productivity means productivity according to socially confirmed forms of words, thoughts
and phrases.” (Sharma and Sharma, 2006) According to Passi (1972) [18] , “Creativity
is a multidimensional (verbal and non-verbal) attribute differentially distributed among
people and includes chiefly the factors of seeing problems, fluency, flexibility, originality,
inquisitiveness and persistency.” Components of Creativity is the concepts of
imagination, fantasy, fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, curiosity and giftedness
have been studied in children and in many cases have been equated with creativity.
2 Main Components of Creativity
1) Originality
The method or idea must be new and unique. It should not be the extension of
something, which already exists. However, one can take inspiration from the already
existent methods and ideas to fabricate something new and unique.
2) Functionality
Another important component of creativity is its functionality. A creative idea must
work and produce results, otherwise, the whole effort will be in vain.
Most of the times, people wonder how does creativity happen. It has been seen that
creativity become another nature of some people whereas others have to spend hours
on road or on a mountain to think of a tiny idea. In the following paragraph, you will
learn about when does creativity happen and what kind of people called creative?
 People who are thought-provoking, curious and have a variety of uncommon

thoughts are known to be creative people. Sometimes these people don’t even
know what they are doing and how much importance does that innovation holds.
Therefore, they usually fabricate new ideas, which leave people flabbergasted.
 People who had important self- discoveries, who view the world with a fresh
perspective and have insightful ideas. These people make unique discoveries
which they don’t share with the outer world.
 People who make great achievements which are known to the world. Inventors
and artists fall under this category.
Qualities of Creative People
1) They are Energetic

 Creative people tend to have a great amount of physical as well as mental
energy. They utilize their energy to invent new ideas. These people spend a
great deal of time in solitude to introspect and think.
2) They are intelligent

 It is believed that intelligence plays a key role in creativity. According to a study
high IQ is important for creativity. However, not all people with high IQ are
creative. To become creative, people should be smart and they should also have
a child-like attitude to view things.
3) Discipline
 Most of the people have the wrong notion that creativity happens unexpectedly.
Therefore, they usually spend their time sitting around and to wait for the
creativity to happen to them.
Five elements of Creativity
1. COGNITIVE
 Anything that we create starts with an idea or a representation in our mind. We
then use our other skills to bring it out into reality. Imagination is the ultimate
power of creation. The more of the world you are able to experience, the broader
you can stretch your creativity. You will make unique connections that no one else
would have imagined. But, most importantly it’s what makes you ‘you’.
2. PHYSICAL
 An idea to become a reality, to attain form in the physical world, needs precise co-
ordination of our body and mind. When years of deliberate practice is applied to a
physical skill, it feels almost natural to turn something in our mind into physical
reality. Like sculpting, cooking or even dancing, all these requires a harmonious
co-ordination and feedback between our physical movements, our senses and our
mind.
3. LITERACY
 A skill that let us turn the ideas or stories in our mind into words. Words that are
written to make a reader clearly understand our ideas. Words that are spoken to
make a listener pay close attention and absorb our ideas. A writer, playwright,
novelist or an orator, all use their literary skills to effectively communicate their
thoughts to the world. Ancient scriptures, newspapers, science journals all used
words to articulate concepts and make knowledge flow into the minds of people
all around the world.
4. VISUAL
 The ability to imagine worlds, characters, images, even your wildest dreams & put
them on a screen or a canvas or into a virtual 3d space. Visuals that enthral &
transport their viewers into the creator’s imagination. A director, visual FX artist,
photographer, architect, designer, use their visual skills with the help of tools to
bring to life their thoughts in the form of images or motion. Visual skills can also
compliment physical skills to create visual works of art or carefully choreographed
performances.
5. AURAL
 The ability to create, modify & perceive sound. Letting your emotions flow in the
form of music or building tension using sound in movies. Sounds that resonates,
that brings together people & provides a deep experience. Musicians, sound
designers, composers, producers, use their mastery in sound to create
soundscapes that immerse listeners into their expressions & emotions.
VISUAL LITERACY
What is Visual Literacy?
The basic definition of visual literacy is the ability to read, write and create visual
images. It is a concept that relates to art and design but it also has much wider
applications. Visual literacy is about language, communication and interaction. Visual
media is a linguistic tool with which we communicate, exchange ideas and navigate our
complex world. The term “visual literacy” was first coined in 1969 by John Debes, who
was the founder of the International Visual Literacy Association:
“Visual Literacy refers to a group of vision-competencies a human being can develop

by seeing and at the same time having and integrating other sensory experiences. The
development of these competencies is fundamental to normal human learning. When
developed, they enable a visually literate person to discriminate and interpret the visible
actions, objects, symbols, natural or man-made, that he encounters in his environment.
Through the creative use of these competencies, he is able to communicate with others.
Through the appreciative use of these competencies, he is able to comprehend and
enjoy the masterworks of visual communication.” – John Debes, 1969.
Since this first definition by Debes, researchers and practitioners have re-defined
ever more complex definitions that reflect the breadth of its applications. The term itself
takes on different meanings in different contexts and you will therefore encounter new
ideas in education, science, graphic design, art, technology, philosophy and so on.
A simplified schema of the human visual pathway by Miquel Perello Nieto, courtesy of
Wiki Commons, Creative Commons 4.0 license.
Visual literacy is, by nature, an organic concept that requires us to continually define
and re-define its meaning as our world changes. Digital technology has greatly
impacted our understanding of visual literacy as we now see children growing up with
tablets and computers and what appears to be highly developed visual literacy instincts.
But are they instincts, or are they picking up this new ‘language’ as a result of their
interactions with digital technologies? These, and many more, are the questions that we
ask and explore on this website. We welcome you to put forth your own definition of
visual literacy so that our collective knowledge can continue to inform progress in this
important field.
Visual literacy is a critical skill for “successfully navigating the forest of signs and
symbols” of the new millennium. (Douglas Kellner, UCLA).
Visual Literacy can be defined as the ability to understand and produce visual
messages. Both teachers and students can benefit by developing their abilities to
create, use and evaluate visual resources. Not only do we read printed words, we also
must learn how to "read" images.
Visual literacy includes facial expressions, body language, drawing, painting,

sculpture, hand signs, street signs, international symbols, photos, layout of pictures and
words in a book, clarity of type fonts, computer images, film sequences, critical analysis
of advertisements and many other things.
"The majority of information absorbed by human beings is collected with our sense of
vision. It seems logical that we emphasize the development of visual skills as a way of
preparing for successful and satisfying lives."
WHY IS VISUAL LITERACY IMPORTANT?

Much of the information that comes at our students is a combination of both
written text and images. It is essential that our students are fully equipped to process
that information in all its forms. Considering how visually orientated we are as
humans, it is no surprise that images have such a powerful impact on us.
Research shows that there are a wide range of benefits derived from improved
visual literacy including:
 Visual Information is More Memorable
One of the most effective ways to encourage information to make that important
jump from the limited short-term memory to the more powerful long-term memory is to
pair text with images. Studies show that we retain approximately 10-20% of written or
spoken information, but around 65% of information when it is presented visually.
 Visual Information is Transferred Faster
Information presented visually is processed extremely quickly by the brain. The
brain is even being able to see images that appear for a mere 13 milliseconds.
Around 90% of the information transmitted to the brain is visual in nature.
 Helps Students Communicate with the World Around Them
Traditionally, we think teaching literacy as the two way street of reading and
writing. We can think of visual literacy as involving the similar processes of
interpreting images and creating images. In a fast-moving world, with ever-increasing
diagnosis of attention deficit disorders, we increasingly rely on images to quickly
convey meaning.
 Enriches Understanding
While images can be used in isolation, they often accompany text or audio.
Images can greatly enrich the students’ understanding of a text or other media, but to
be able to interact with these deeper levels of meaning, students must possess the
necessary skills to access those depths.
 Increases Enjoyment
Not only does increased visual literacy enrich the understanding of our students of
the media they consume, but it can also enrich their enjoyment too - especially of
visual art. If you have taken younger students to an art gallery you may have heard
protests of ‘This is boring!’
However, when students have a deeper understanding of the ‘meaning’ behind the art
pieces, or are familiar with the context around the art, insights into the lives of the
artists, or experienced with some of the techniques that produced the pieces,
students often derive greater pleasure from their visit.
The same is true of their engagement in terms of visual literacy. As informed readers
of images in a range of modalities, students are opened up to an exciting dimension
of shape, color and texture and more.
 Creates More Educated Image Readers
In an era of fake news and ceaseless advertising, a responsible approach to the
duty of educating our students must involve encouraging them to become informed
viewers of the world around them, including the media they engage with. Through the
teaching of visual literacy we can help students understand the different ways the
images they consume can be used to manipulate their emotions and persuade them
to act in a given way.
 Supports EAL Learners
The use of images in the classroom can be of great benefit to students who come
from non-English-speaking backgrounds. As these students travel on their road to
fluency in English, images can provide an effective bridge in that learning process.
While the use of images in the forms of flashcards, writing frames etc for the
purposes of teaching EAL learners may be obvious, the creation of images by the
students themselves can also be a great way to assess their understanding of more
abstract concepts and vocabulary.
EYE/HAND/BRAIN COORDINATION
What Is Hand/Eye/Brain Coordination?
Hand-eye coordination, or eye-hand coordination, is the ability to do activities that

require the simultaneous use of our hands and eyes, like an activity that uses the
information our eyes perceive (visual spatial perception) to guide our hands to carry out
a movement.
 We use our eyes to direct attention to a stimulus and help the brain understand
where the body is located in space (self-perception).
 We use our hands to simultaneously carry out a determined task based on the visual
information our eyes receive
Eye-hand coordination is a complex cognitive ability, as it calls for us to unite our

visual and motor skills, allowing for the hand to be guided by the visual stimulation our
eyes receive. Hand-eye coordination is especially important for normal child
development and academic success, but is also an important skill that adults use in
countless activities on a daily basis.
The brain
The brain controls complex behaviour. It is made of billions of

interconnected neurones and has different regions
that carry out different functions.
There are four main areas in the brain:

 The cerebrum (the outer layer is called the cerebral cortex), which is split into two
hemispheres and is highly folded. It controls intelligence, personality, conscious
thought and high-level functions, such as language and verbal memory.
 The cerebellum, which controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular
activity.
 The medulla, which controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing
rate,
 The hypothalamus, which is the regulating centre for temperature and water balance
within the body.
Most activities that you do in your day-to-day life use some degree of eye-hand
coordination, which is why it's important to ensure that it is as developed as
possible.
Generally speaking, we use visual information to correct a behaviour that isn't

appropriate for a situation, which is one of the reasons why this cognitive skill is so
important.
Examples of eye-hand coordination
 We use hand-eye coordination whenever we write. As you start making lines, our
eyes send visual information to the brain to tell it where the hand is placed and if your
handwriting is legible with this information, the brain generates instructions for how
the hand has to move in order to create appropriate lines and shapes, resulting in
letters. Visual feedback also helps correct erroneous shapes (letters) generated by
the previous motor instructions. It is a sequence of fast and precise motor actions that
require a certain amount of skill and training.
 A similar sequence takes place when we type on a keyboard. The type of movements
are different, but we still use visual information to tell the brain how to guide the hand
or if a mistake needs to be corrected.
 When you drive, you are constantly using hand-eye coordination because you have
to use the visual information to move your hands on the wheel, keeping the car in the
middle of the lane and avoiding accidents.
 Almost every sport requires the use of hand-eye coordination to coordinate what you
see with your eyes with the movement if your body. Depending on the sport, either
hand-eye coordination (basketball, tennis, football, etc.) or foot-eye coordination
(soccer, track, etc.) will be more dominant. Whatever the sport, you can count on the
fact that they eye will be coordinating with some part of the body, so a more
appropriate term for this type of coordination may simply called motor coordination.
 Putting a key in a lock also uses hand-eye coordination. Similar examples would be
when you insert a credit card in a chip reader, or when a child plays with toys with
shapes that they have to fit into a certain hole.
. VERBAL CREATIVITY
The area of the brain most involved in planning, executive control, and short-term
memory.
What is verbal creativity?

Consisting of or in the form of words, expressed in spoken words, oral rather than
written. It is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. It is characterized
by the ability to perceive the world in new ways to find hidden patterns, to make
connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions.
Verbal Creativity Training

The verbal creative ideation training CreaTrain was provided as training software to
be installed on the participants' home PC's. It was delivered to the participants with a
manual explaining the installation procedure, along with a training schedule. Basically,
the training required participants to fluently generate creative/original ideas to a broad
range of verbal creativity tasks that were adopted from well‐known psychometric
creativity tests such as the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking [Torrance, 1966],
Schoppe's [1975] “Verbaler Kreativitäts‐Test” or the imagination subscales of the
“Berliner Intelligenz‐Struktur‐Test” (BIS) [Jäger et al., 1997]. A prototype of this training
has already proven to be effective in previous research [Benedek et al., 2006; Fink et
al., 2006].
Approximately half of the training exercises explicitly required the participants to be

fluent and creative in the verbal domain, such as word completion (e.g., name words
that include the syllable “DE”), finding slogans (e.g., slogans for the new product
“orange‐ice cream”), producing nicknames (e.g., for “coffee”), or generating sentences
with three given stimulus words (e.g., “car—fish—book”). The other half of the exercises
still used verbal stimuli but required to be fluent and creative in the functional domain.
These exercises dealt, for example, with the generation of characteristics of objects and
situations (e.g., think of basic features of an “apple”), product improvements (e.g., how
could a “bicycle” be improved?), or finding explanations and consequences of given
situations (e.g., “what would be the consequences of a new ice age?”). Participants
worked at least 2 min on each task and received feedback on training time and the
amount of generated ideas. Overall, the training consisted of 144 exercises, which were
organized into 18 training modules/units, each taking approximately 20 min to complete
[for further details see Benedek et al., 2006]. Participants were instructed to complete
ideally six units per week, and to establish comparable training conditions across
participants they were requested to exercise not more than three training units per day
and to pause not longer than three days. The total training duration was approximately 3
weeks. The records of training data (training time, number of generated ideas per
module, etc.) suggest that the participants completed all tasks in time and were fully
engaged in the training.
VISUAL CREATIVITY
What is visual creativity?
Visual creativity is an important part of creativity and is the ability to “break imagined
integrations of familiar patterns and create novel and useful patterns”, which is
considered multifaceted and complex and plays a critical role in many fields, such as
art, painting and sculpture.
Visual literacy refers to a group of vision-competencies a human being can develop by
seeing and at the same time having and integrating other sensory experiences. The
development of these competencies is fundamental to normal human learning. When
developed, they enable a visually literate person to discriminate and interpret the visible
actions, objects, symbols, natural or man-made, that he encounters in his environment.
Through the creative use of these competencies, he is able to communicate with others.
Through the appreciative use of these competencies, he is able to comprehend and
enjoy the masterworks of visual communication.
Why Visual creativity is important to education?
 Supports EAL children in understanding

 Very effective for developing boy’s writing
 Dispense children’s understanding of text
 Children live in a very visual world
 Builds on children’s home experiences
 Classroom technology allows access to a huge of range of visuals
 Excellent teaching medium for kinesthetics learning
AESTHETICS
What is aesthetics?
Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and

appreciation of art, beauty and good taste. It has also been defined as "critical
reflection on art, culture and nature". The word "aesthetics" derives from
the Greek "aisthetikos", meaning "of sense perception". Along with Ethics, aesthetics is
part of axiology (the study of values and value judgments). In practice, we distinguish
between aesthetic judgments (the appreciation of any object, not necessarily an art
object) and artistic judgments (the appreciation or criticism of a work of art). Thus
aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art. It is also broader than
the philosophy of beauty, in that it applies to any of the responses we might expect
works of art or entertainment to elicit, whether positive or negative.
Aestheticians ask questions like "What is a work of art?", "What makes a work of
art successful?", "Why do we find certain things beautiful?", "How can things of very
different categories be considered equally beautiful?", "Is there a connection between art
and morality?", "Can art be a vehicle of truth?", "Are aesthetic judgments objective
statements or purely subjective expressions of personal attitudes?", "Can aesthetic
judgments be improved or trained?" In very general terms, it examines what makes
something beautiful, sublime, disgusting, fun, silly, entertaining, pretentious, discordant,
harmonious, boring, humorous or tragic.
History of Aesthetics
The Ancient Greek philosophers initially felt that aesthetically appealing objects were
beautiful in and of themselves. Plato felt that beautiful objects
incorporated proportion, harmony and unity among their parts. Aristotle found that the
universal elements of beauty were order, symmetry and definiteness.
According to Islam, human works of art are inherently flawed compared to the work
of Allah, and to attempt to depict in a realistic form any animal or person is insolence to
Allah. This has had the effect of narrowing the field of Muslim artistic possibility to such
forms as mosaics, calligraphy, architecture and geometric and floral patterns.
Indian art evolved with an emphasis on inducing special spiritual or philosophical states in
the audience, or with representing them symbolically.
As long ago as the 5th Century B.C., Chinese philosophers were already arguing
about aesthetics. Confucius (551 - 479 B.C.) emphasized the role of the arts and
humanities (especially music and poetry) in broadening human nature. His near
contemporary Mozi (470 - 391 B.C.), however, argued that music and fine arts were
classist and wasteful, benefiting the rich but not the common people.
Western Medieval art (at least until the revival of classical ideals during the Renaissance)
was highly religious in focus, and was typically funded by the Church, powerful
ecclesiastical individuals, or wealthy secular patrons. A religiously uplifting message was
considered more important than figurative accuracy or inspired composition. The skills of
the artisan were considered gifts from God for the sole purpose of disclosing God to
mankind.
With the shift in Western philosophy from the late 17th Century
onwards, German and British thinkers in particular emphasized beauty as the key
component of art and of the aesthetic experience, and saw art as necessarily aiming at
beauty. For Friedrich Schiller (1759 - 1805), aesthetic appreciation of beauty is the most
perfect reconciliation of the sensual and rational parts of human nature. Hegel held that art
is the first stage in which the absolute spirit is immediately manifest to sense-perception,
and is thus an objective rather than a subjective revelation of beauty. For Schopenhauer,
aesthetic contemplation of beauty is the most free that the pure intellect can be from the
dictates of will.
British Intuitionists like the 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (1671 - 1713) claimed that beauty is
just the sensory equivalent of moral goodness. More analytic theorists like Lord
Kames (1696 - 1782), William Hogarth (1697 - 1764) and Edmund Burke hoped to reduce
beauty to some list of attributes, while others like James Mill (1773 - 1836) and Herbert
Spencer (1820 - 1903) strove to link beauty to some scientific theory of psychology or
biology.
ACTIVITY
A. Direction: True or False
1. Creativity is a set of skills that can be learned.

a. True b. False
2. Art is not a visual language.
a. True b. False
3. Most teachers want creativity, but have little idea how to achieve it.
a. True b. False
4. Visual literacy is not being able to understand and analyse information in a visual
format.
a. True b. False
5. Creative attitudes and personality trait can't be strengthened.
a. True b. False
6. One of voice can reveal your true feelings.
a. True b. False
7. Hand-eye coordination helps with being able to feed yourself.
a. True b. False
8. The brain of a child development linked to the quality of experience.
a. True b. False
9. Aesthetic judgement is deciding whether or not the object is pleasing to the viewer.
a. True b. False
10. What is the term "Aesthetically Pleasing" used to describe?
a. True b. False

1. What is the meaning of arts and creativity and give the five elements of
creativity?
2. Why visual literacy is important?
3. Explain and give an example of eye/hand/brain coordination.
4. What is verbal creativity in your own words?
5. Enumerate the history of aesthetics?
SUMMARY
 ART is roughly used as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art, where
some skill is being used to express the artist’s creativity, or to engage the
audience’s aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration
of the “finer” things. If the skill being used is more lowbrow or practical, the
word "craft" is often used instead of art. Similarly, if the skill is being used in a
commercial or industrial way, it may be considered "design" (or "applied art").
 CREATIVITY is derived from the Latin word ‘Creatus’ literally ‘to make into
observance’. Creativity is manifested in the production of a creative work.
Creative people view things in new ways or from different perspective also
attributed to divine intervention, cognitive traits and chance and may be traits
acquired at birth or taught with the application of simple techniques. Creativity is
the ability to see something in a new way, to view and solve problems in different
ways, untried and unusual and to engage in mental and physical experiences
that are novel, unique or different. Creativity is the ability to develop new, diverse
and unique ideas with curiosity, imagination, innovation and personal expression.
Creative thinking means looking at things from a different perspective and not be
restricted by rules, customs, or norms. Thinking out-of-the-box.
 VISUAL LITERACY refers to a group of vision-competencies a human being can
develop by seeing and at the same time having and integrating other sensory
experiences. The development of these competencies is fundamental to normal
human learning. When developed, they enable a visually literate person to
discriminate and interpret the visible actions, objects, symbols, natural or man-
made, that he encounters in his environment. Through the creative use of these
competencies, he is able to communicate with others. Through the appreciative
use of these competencies, he is able to comprehend and enjoy the masterworks
of visual communication. – John Debes, 1969.
 EYE/HAND/BRAIN COORDINATION is the ability to do activities that require
the simultaneous use of our hands and eyes, like an activity that uses the
information our eyes perceive (visual spatial perception) to guide our hands to
carry out a movement. The brain controls complex behaviour. It is made of
billions of interconnected neurones and has different regions that carry out
different functions.
 VERBAL CREATIVITY is consisting of or in the form of words, expressed in
spoken words, oral rather than written. It is the act of turning new and imaginative
ideas into reality. It is characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new
ways to find hidden patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated
phenomena, and to generate solutions.
 VISUAL CREATIVITY refers to a group of vision-competencies a human being
can develop by seeing and at the same time having and integrating other
sensory experiences. The development of these competencies is fundamental to
normal human learning. When developed, they enable a visually literate person
to discriminate and interpret the visible actions, objects, symbols, natural or man-
made, that he encounters in his environment. Through the creative use of these
competencies, he is able to communicate with others. Through the appreciative
use of these competencies, he is able to comprehend and enjoy the masterworks
of visual communication.
 AESTHETICS is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and
appreciation of art, beauty and good taste. It has also been defined as "critical
reflection on art, culture and nature". The word "aesthetics" derives from
the Greek "aisthetikos", meaning "of sense perception". Along with Ethics,
aesthetics is part of axiology (the study of values and value judgments). In
practice, we distinguish between aesthetic judgments (the appreciation of any
object, not necessarily an art object) and artistic judgments (the appreciation or
criticism of a work of art).
POST TEST

1. Which of these is NOT an example of a verbal creativity?
a. the speed of our speech
b. eye contact
c. language used
d. volume of speech
2. When you speak, your listener gets messages from...
a. what you say and your vocabulary
b. how you look and your words
c. what you say, how you act, and your accent
d. what you say, how you act, and how you look
3. Which subjects relate to creativity?
a. Math
b. History
c. English/Language arts
d. all of the above
4. Art Can be described as
a. the physical aptitude of one
b. the theory of creativity found in human cultures.
c. the theory and expression of human creativity found in human societies
d. different forms of creative actions.
5.The feeling you get while reading a story. This could be happiness, sadness,
darkness, anger, suspicion, loneliness, or even excitement.
a. mad
b. name
c. angry
d. mood
6.What is the eye an example of?
a. a stimulus
b. a sense organ
c. a relay neuron
d. a part of nerve cell
7. Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. receptors
d. sensory
8. What is one type of coordination we worked on?
a. leg-eye Coordination
b. hand-eye Coordination
c. hip-eye Coordination
d. elbow-eye Coordination
9. What is the definition of aesthetic?
a. concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
b. pastel and bright glitters
c. it means to have something with nature
d. shape and form are both elements
10. Which of the following statements best explains the term Aesthetics?
a. a design factor which focuses on how design is influenced by the human body
proportions.
b. a design factor which focuses on how design is influenced by the human senses.
c. a design factor which focuses on how design is influenced by the human mind.
d. a design factor which focuses on how design is influenced by how the human body
interacts with a product
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https://www.philosophybasics.com/general.faq.html
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UNIT 4: 21st CENTURY LITERACIES

Module 1: Globalization and Multicultural Literacy

Module 2: Social Literacy

Module 3: Media Literacy

Module 4: Financial Literacy

Module 5: Cyber/Digital Literacy

Module 6: Eco- Literacy

Module 7: Arts and Creativity Literacy

Module 1: 21st Century Literacies

After studying this module, the students should be able to:

Globalization and Multicultural Literacy is the knowledge of cultures and

As an initial phase of understanding 21st century literacy, it is better to determine

b. The knowledge construction process

b. The knowledge construction process

5. It aims to address issues of globalization, racism, diversity and social justice.

MULTICULTURAL & GLOBAL LITERACY

What is Multicultural Literacy?

What is Global Literacy?

Global Literacy aims to address issues of globalization, racism, diversity and

 Respect for humans no matter their race, gender, religion or political

Given the various interpretations of the meaning of globalization that individuals

Globalization is a process, an active verb, and it is an ongoing, continuous action

21st Century Learning Skills

As part of the process of globalization, the integration of world economies

Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that

Generally speaking, multicultural education is predicated on the principle of

Intercultural communication is the verbal and nonverbal interaction between

Now, if you want to learn about intercultural communication, it's important to

Intercultural communication is also not simply a language proficiency. Yes,

The Dimensions of Multicultural Education

James A. Banks Dimensions of Multicultural Education is used widely by school districts

(1) Content integration;

(2) The knowledge construction process;

(3) Prejudice reduction;

(4) An equity pedagogy; and

The knowledge construction process. The knowledge construction process

The knowledge construction process helps teachers and students to understand

Prejudice reduction. The prejudice reduction dimension of multicultural

(1) they are cooperative rather than competitive;

(2) the individuals experience equal status; and

An equity pedagogy. An equity pedagogy exists when teachers modify their

A. Direction: Complete the following diagram.

Globalization and Multicultural Literacy is knowledge of cultures and languages.

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

Multicultural Education - History, The Dimensions of Multicultural Education, Evidence

Module 2: Social Literacy

After studying this module, the students should be able to:

Social Literacy is a student’s successful performance and understanding

Social literacy is so crucial in a person’s success. The ability to

As an initial phase of understanding Social literacy, it is better to

Direction: Choose the best answers.

What Is Social Cognition?

Social cognition involves:

What is Social Skills?

Developing social skills is about being aware of how we communicate with

1. “Emotional intelligence is your ability to recognize and understand emotions in

Here are 20 “people skills” and attributes you’ll need to succeed:

A. Give at least 4 benefits of Social literacy in Education.

B. In your own understanding answer the following questions: