bicol university college of engineering

mechanical engineering department

NTRODUCTION TO

eer in g
Eng in
r aw in g
D l Engineering
Mechanica
for BS

ENGR. MARY JOY R. MANDANE

instructor 1
 module 1

o n a n d
ie nta ti
Or o f
e r v i ew
O v
e er in g
Eng in
a n d its
w i n g
Dra o n
l ic at i
App

ENGR. MARY JOY R. MANDANE

instructor 1
MOTIVATIONAL QUOTE:
" Even youths grow tired
and weary, and young men Have a blessed today! Today I will discuss to you the
stumble and fall; but those ORIENTATION AND OVERVIEW OF
who hope in the LORD will ENGINEERING DRAWING AND ITS
renew their strength. They APPLICATION.
will soar on wings like
eagles; they will run and not In this discussion you will be able to learn:
grow weary, they will walk
and not be faint." DEFINITION AND TERMS OF E.D
-Isaiah 40:30-31-
APPLICATION OF E.D

DRAWING EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USE 

4 PICS & 1 WORD GAME

LET'S HAVE SOME FUN!
While taking up this module, you need to answer this game correctly. Every page I will give you a
LETTER as a clue. At the end of the module, you will receive the final instruction.

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 1

 Definition and Terms of
Engineering Drawing

Drawing
The graphical representation of any object or idea can be termed as drawing. A drawing can be prepared
either using free hand or using engineering instruments or using computer program.

Types of Drawing

Artistic Drawing Engineering Drawing

The drawing representing any object or idea ENGINEERING DRAWING can be defined as
which is sketched in free hand using graphical language used by engineers and other
imagination of artist and in which proper technical personnel associated with engineering
scaling and dimensioning is not maintained profession which fully and clearly defines the
is called an ARTISTIC DRAWING. requirements for engineered items.
 Ex. Painting, Posters, Arts, etc.
An engineering drawing provides all information
about size, shape, surface type, materials etc. of he
object. 

Ex: Building drawing for civil engineers, machine

drawing for mechanical engineers, circuit diagrams
for electrical and electronic engineers, computer
graphics for one and all etc.

Purpose of Engineering Drawing

A. COMMUNICATION- Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all

people concerned with the design and manufacture components, building and construction, and
engineering projects.

B. DISCUSSION-  Drawings are very useful for developing ideas and theories and discussing them
with colleagues. For instance a manufacturer might discuss the problems of a manufacturing process
with an engineer.

C. RECORDS- Drawings are kept for: Extra orders of components, recording previous specifications
and records of current specifications in case of faulty manufacture or design,

Source: Engineering Drawing by Norazlina by Abdul Nasir

Types of Engineering Drawing

r
Engineering drawing can be grouped into 4 major categories:
1. Geometrical Drawing
a. Plane geometrical drawing
b. Solid geometrical drawing
2. Mechanical Engineering Drawing
3. Civil Engineering Drawing
4. Electrical & Electronics Engineering Drawing
FIRST CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 2

Types of Engineering Drawing

A. GEOMETRIC DRAWING - The art of representing objects such as rectangles, squares, cubes,
cones, cylinders, spheres etc. on a paper. If the object has only two dimensions i.e length and breadth,
, it is called Plane geometrical drawing. (Rectangle, squares, triangles etc). If it has 3 dimensions i.e
length, breadth and thickness/depth, it is called Solid geometrical drawing. (cube, prism, sphere etc.)

B. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING - The art of representing mechanical engineering

objects such as machine parts etc. on a paper. It is used by mechanical engineers to express
mechanical engineering works and projects for actual execution.

C. CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING - The art of representing civil engineering objects such as
buildings, roads such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams etc. on a paper. It is used by civil engineers to
express civil engineering works and projects for actual execution.

D. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING - The art of representing electrical engineering objects

such as motors, generators, transformers, wiring diagrams etc. on a paper. It is used by electronic
engineers to express electronic engineering works and projects for actual execution.

Elements of Engineering Drawing

Engineering Drawing
graphics language word language
line Projection geometric lettering numbering
types Method construction

Drawing Standards

An engineering drawing should be well specified and universally acceptable. That's why there are some
specified rules for engineering drawing. These rules may vary slightly for different regions. There are
some drawing standards or drawing codes that accumulates the rules of engineering drawing for a
certain region. Well-known drawing codes and their application region is expressed below:

COUNTRY/REGION CODE/STANDARD FULL MEANING

Worldwide ISO International Organization for Standardizations
USA ANSI American National Standards Institute

e
Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
UK BS British Standards

second CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 3

 Application of
Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing is an essential part of almost all engineering projects. Some important uses of
engineering drawing are mentioned below:
1. It is used in ships for navigation
2. For manufacturing of machines, automobiles etc.
3. For construction of buildings, roads, bridges, dams, electrical and telecommunication
structures etc.
4. For manufacturing of electric appliances like TV, phone, computers etc.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING APPLICATIONS

Mechanical engineering drawings are technical and skilled drawings that help define and illustrate 
specific mechanical requirements and processes. These technical drawings help communicate
problems and solutions that mechanical engineers experience. These drawings can become integral
parts of a project and help define what need to be done. They help communicate complex processes
and structures in a way that makes it clear and concise.

Source: https://www.bmrsolutions.co.uk/mechanical-engineering-drawings-guide-understanding-
working/#:~:text=Mechanical%20engineering%20drawings%20are%20technical,solutions%20that%20mecha
nical%20engineers%20experience.

SOME SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES USED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING:

1. Heat and Ventilation Air Conditioning

2. Plumbing
3. Power Plant
4. Industrial
5. Automotive or Car Industry
6. Manufacturing
7. Robotics

TRIVIA
Technical drawing has existed since ancient
times. Complex technical drawings were
made in renaissance times, such as the
drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Modern
engineering drawing, with is precise
conventions of orthographic projection and

e
scale, arose in France at a time when the
Industrial Revolution was in its infancy.
WIKIPEDIA

THIRD CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 4

 Drawing Equipment and
their Use 
IMPORTANT DRAWING EQUIPMENT

All drawings are made by means of various instruments. The quality of drawing depends to a large
extent on the quality, adjustment and care of the instruments.
Drawing Paper

Drawing Paper is the paper, on which drawing is to be made. All engineering drawings are made on
sheets of paper of strictly defined sizes, which are set forth in the USSR standards. The use of standard
size saves paper and ensures convenient storage drawings.

Now a day, A3 and A4 are the most commonly used paper sizes. 

DESIRABLE PROPERTIES A GOOD DRAWING PAPER:

It should be smooth and uniform in thickness

It should be thick, strong and tough
Fibers of drawing paper should not be disintegrated when a good eraser is used on it.

PAPER TYPES
1. DETAILED PAPER - used for pencil work.
2. WHITE DRAWING PAPER - used for finished drawing.
3. TRACING PAPER - used for both pencil and ink work and useful for replicating a master copy.

g
fourth CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 5

TITLE BLOCK

Title Block is a rectangular frame that is located at the bottom of the sheet. It is
recommended that space should be provided in all title blocks for such
e
information as description of title of the drawing, dates, designer (drawer), and fifth CLUE
name of enterprise or educational institute, size (scale).

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 6

 Triangles (Setsquares)

1. Used to construct the most common angles (i.e. 30 deg., 45 deg, 60 deg) in technical drawings
2. Used to draw parallel and perpendicular lines quickly and conveniently.

45x45 Triangle
30 x 60 Triangle

T-square

1. Used to draw horizontal lines.

2. Used to guide the triangles when drawing vertical and inclined lines.
Pencil

1. Used to draw different lines, shapes, symbols and to write texts in engineering drawing.
2. Based on the hardness of lead pencils are classified in three major grades as hard, medium and
soft.

NOTE: Selection of proper grade pencil or lead is important for quality drawing. One has to be careful
in selecting a lead because very hard lead might penetrate the drawing, on the other hand, soft lead
may smear. Quality and type of drawing paper is an important factor in selecting lead. One other
importance consideration is the importance to be drawn.
INFERIOR LINE (Like border lines, guide lines, construction lines and any other auxiliary lines needed
to be erased later) are drawn using harder pencil.
SUPERIOR LINE (Like object line, texts, symbols etc.) are drawn using comparatively softer grade.
Common uses of different grade pencil are tabulated below:

6H is used for light construction line,

4H is used for re-penciling light finished lines (dimension lines, center lines, and

N
invisible object lines)
2H is used for visible object lines
F and H are used for all lettering and freehand work.

sixth CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 7

Protractor

1. Used for laying out and measurable angle.

Scale (ruler)

A number of kinds of scales are available for varied types of engineering design. Scales with beveled
edges graduated in mm are usually used.

Compass

It is used to draw circles and arcs both in pencil and ink. It consists of two legs pivoted at
the top. One leg is equipped with a steel needle attached with screw, and other shorter leg
is, provided with a socket for detachable inserts.

Dividers

Used chiefly for transferring distances and occasionally for dividing spaces into equal parts
i.e. for dividing curved and straight lines into any number of equal parts, and for
transferring measurements.

French Curve

It is used to draw irregular curves that are not circle arcs. The shape varies according to he shape of
irregular curve.
Drawing Board

It is a board or platform rectangular in shape.

Size of drawing board need to be larger than that of
drawing paper.
It is made of wood.
Top surface should be smooth,
Template

It is a thin, flat piece of plastic containing various cutout

shapes. It is designed to speed the work of the drafter and
to make the finished drawing more accurate. Templates
are available for drawing circles, ellipses, plumbing’s,
fixtures etc. Templates come in many sizes to fit the scale
being used on the drawing. And it should be used

N
wherever possible to increase accuracy and speed.

seventh CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 8

Clinograph (Adjustable Set Squares)

Its two sides are fixed at 90 degree and the third side can be adjusted at any angle.
Rubber or Eraser

Extra lines or curves which are not required in the drawing are to be rubbed out or erased. Hence a
rubber or eraser are required in the drawing work, Erasers are available in many degrees of hardness,
size and shape.
Eraser Shield

It is an important device to protect lines near being erased. It is made up of thin metal plate in which
gaps of different widths and lengths are cut.
Tracing Paper

it is a thin transparent paper. Figures below it can be seen easily and traced out in pencil ink.
Drawing Ink

it is used for making drawings in ink on tracing paper.

Technical Pen

it is a pen with a needle-point tip that is suitable for drawing along a straightedge, makes precise,
consistent marks and has completely waterproof ink.

S
eight CLUE

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 9

 ACTIVITY TIME
MECHANICS: This activity aims to review you about the lesson. Answer the following question and
send your answer to your professor via Facebook messenger. You will find out the correct answer in
the next module.

1. WHO AM I?
2. WHAT IS MY PURPOSE? 3. WHAT I AM MADE UP OF?
I am using for dividing
I am thin, flat piece of plastic I am an important device to
curved and straight lines
containing various cutout protect lines near being
into any number of equal
shapes. erased
parts,

5. HOW WILL YOU APPLY 6.WHAT IS MY

4. WHAT IS MY USE? ME? CAN YOU GIVE AT IMPORTANCE?
I am two legs pivoted at the LEAST ONE? I am defined as graphical
top I am an essential part of language used by engineers
almost all engineering and other technical
projects personnel

7. WHAT TYPE AM I 8. WHICH IS BETTER? 9-10. WHAT ARE MY

BELONG? I am used for border line. TYPES? GIVE TWO?
I am used for pencil work. But I don't know if which is I am used by engineers and
better size for me? technical personnel for
their plans and designs.

I
LAST CLUE
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 10
 4 PICS & 1 WORD

If you get the correct answer, that is your first clue for
your project! Proceed to the next module to get the next
clue!

ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE - PAGE 11