Camd Lab Manual

PRINCE SHRI VENKATESHWARA PADMAVATHY
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PONMAR, CHENNAI – 127
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(SECOND YEAR – 3rd SEMESTER)
ME8381 COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING LABORATORY
NAME:
REG.NO:
YEAR / DEPT:
PRINCE SHRI VENKATESHWARA PADMAVATHY
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PONMAR, CHENNAI – 127
NAME:
REG.NO:
BRANCH:
YEAR /SEM:
Certified that this is a bonafide record of the work done by the above student in the
...........................................………… laboratory during the academic year
……………………….
Submitted for the Anna university Practical examination held on…………………
Faculty in Charge Principal
Internal Examiner External Examiner

INDEX
PAGE
S.NO. DATE TITLE SIGNATURE
NO.
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20
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page
EX.NO.1
DATE:
STUDY OF DRAWING STANDARDS, WELDED SYMBOLS, RIVED
JOINTS, KEYS AND FASTENERS
Aim: To study about the drawing standards, welded symbols, riveted joints, keys and fasteners.
1.1 BIS Standards

The BIS is the National Standards Body formed by the Government of India on 1st April,
1987 replacing the Indian Standards Institution (ISI). The objective of BIS is to foster the
industrial and commercial growth of the country by developing globally acceptable standards
for products. It works in association with International standards Organization (ISO).
BIS has recommended and published various standards for technical drawings. These
standards are available in the form of IS codes and Special Publication (SP) 46: 2003. Some
of them are
a) IS 1444: 1989 ENGINEER’S PATTERN DRAWING BOARD –
SPECIFICATION
b) IS 10711: 2001 TECHNICAL PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION SIZES AND
LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEETS
c) IS 3221: 1966 SETS FOR DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
d) IS 10713: 1983 SCALES
e) IS 10714: 2001 LINES
f) IS 9609: 2001 LETTERING
g) IS 15021: 2001 PROJECTION METHODS
h) IS 10714; 1983 SECTIONS AND OTHER CONVENTIONS
i) IS 11669: 1986 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DIMENSIONING ON
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
j) IS 11670: 1986 ABBREVIATIONS FOR USE IN TECHNICAL DRAWING
1.2 Dimensioning
A drawing of a component, in addition to providing complete shape description, must also

furnish information regarding the size description. These are provided through the distances
between the surfaces, location of holes, nature of surface finish, type of material, etc. The
expression of these features on a drawing, using lines, symbols, figures and notes is called
dimensioning. The following rules must be adhered to when dimensioning:
1) Projection lines should be thin lines and should extend from about 1 mm from the
outline to 3 mm to 6 mm past the dimension line.
2) The dimension line should be a thin line and terminate with arrowheads at least 3
mm long and these arrowheads must touch the projection lines.
3) The dimension may be inserted within a break in the dimension line or be placed
on top of the dimension line.

4) The dimensions should be placed so that they are read from the bottom of the
paper or from the right-hand side of the paper.
5) Dimension lines should be drawn outside the outline, whenever possible, and
should be kept well clear of the outline.
6) Overall dimensions should be placed outside the intermediate dimensions.
7) Centre lines must never be used as dimension lines. They may be used as
projection lines
8) Diameters may be dimensioned in one of two ways. Either dimension directly
across the circle (not on a centre line), or project the diameter to outside the
outline. ‘Diameter’ is denoted by the symbol φ placed in front of the dimension.
9) When dimensioning a radius, you must, if possible, show the centre of the radius.
The actual dimension for the radius may be shown either side of the outline but
should, of course, be kept outside if possible. The word radius must be
abbreviated to Rand placed in front of the dimension.
10) When a diameter or a radius is too small to be dimensioned by any of the above
methods, a leader may be used. The leader line should be a thin line and should
terminate on the detail that it is pointing to with an arrowhead or, within an
outline, with a dot. Long leader lines should be avoided even if it means inserting
another dimension. The leader line should always meet another line at an acute
angle.
11) Dimensions should not be repeated on a drawing. It is necessary to put a
dimension on only once, however many views are drawn. There is one exception
to this rule. If, by inserting one dimension, it saves adding up lots of small
dimensions then this is allowed.
12) These types of dimensions are called ‘auxiliary dimensions’ and are shown to be
so either by underlining the dimensions or putting it in brackets.
13) Unless unavoidable, do not dimension hidden detail. It is usually possible to
dimension the same detail on another view.
14) If a lot of parallel dimensions are given, it avoids confusion if the dimensions are
staggered so that they are all easier to read.
15) If a lot of dimensions are to be shown from one projection line (often referred to
as a datum line), either of the methods shown in Fig. may be used. Note that in
both methods, the actual dimension is close to the arrowhead and not at the centre
of the dimension line.
16) If the majority of dimensions on a drawing are in one unit, it is not necessary to
put on the abbreviation for the units used, i.e. cm or mm. In this case, the
following note must be printed on your drawing.
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED, DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES.
17) If a very large radius is drawn, whose centre is off the drawing, the dimension line
is drawn with a single zig-zag in it.

18) Dimensioning small spaces raises its own problems and solutions. Some
examples are shown in Fig. There are one or two more rules that do not require
illustrating.
19) If the drawing is to scale, the dimensions put on the drawing are the actual
dimensions of the component and not the size of the line on your drawing.
Figure 1.1 Illustrating Rules 1 - 6
Figure 1.2 Illustrate Rules 7 -11

Figure 1.3 Illustrating Rules 12 - 16
1.3 Welding
Welding may be described as a process of uniting two pieces of metal or alloy by raising the
temperature of the surfaces to be joined so that they become plastic or molten. This may be done
with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of added metal.
1.3.1 The application of welding symbols to working drawings
The following notes are meant as a guide to the method of applying the more commonly used
welding symbols relating to the simpler types of welded joints on engineering drawings. Each
type of weld is characterized by a symbol given in Table1.1.
It may be necessary to specify the shape of the weld surface on the drawing as flat,
convex or concave and a supplementary symbol, shown in Table 1.2, is then added to the
elementary symbol. An example of each type of weld surface application is given in Table 1.3.
The welding symbol should be positioned on the reference line as indicated in Table 1.4.
1.3.2 Dimensioning of welds
The dimensions of a weld may be added to a drawing in the following manner. Dimensions
relating to the cross-section of the weld are symbolized by band are given on the left-hand side
of the symbol. The cross-sectional dimension to be indicated for a fillet weld is the leg length. If
the design throat thickness is to be indicated then the leg-length dimension is prefixed with the
letter band the design throat thickness with the letter a.

Applications of dimensions to different types of fillet welds are given in Table 1.5. Table 1.5(1)
shows dimensions applied to continuous fillet welds, (2) shows dimensions applied to
intermittent fillet welds, and (3) shows dimensions applied to staggered intermittent fillet welds.
1.4 Riveted Joints
Riveted joints are permanent fastenings and riveting is one of the commonly used method of
producing rigid and permanent joints. Manufacture of boilers, storage tanks, etc., involve joining
of steel sheets, by means of riveted joints. These joints are also used to fasten rolled steel
sections in structural works, such as bridge and roof trusses.

1.4.1 Rivet
A rivet is a round rod of circular cross-section. It consists of two parts, viz., head and shank.
Mild steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminium alloys are some of the metals commonly used
for rivets.
1.4.2 Riveting
Riveting is the process of forming a riveted joint. For this, a rivet is first placed in the hole
drilled through the two parts to be joined. Then the shank end is made into a rivet head by
applying pressure, when it is either in cold or hot condition.
1.4.3 Caulking or fullering
Riveted joints must be made air tight in applications such as boilers and other pressure vessels.
Caulking or fullering is done to make the riveted joints air tight.
1.4.3.1 Caulking
The outer edges of the plates used in boiler and other pressure vessels are bevelled. To produce
air tight riveted joints, these bevelled edges of the plates are caulked. Caulking is an operation in
which the outer bevelled edges of the plates are hammered and driven-in by a caulking tool. The
caulking tool is in the form of a blunt edged chisel.
1.4.3.2 Fullering
Similar to caulking, fullering is also used to produce air tight joints. Unlike the caulking tool, the
width of the fullering tool is equal to the width of the bevelled edges of the plates. Caulking and
fullering operations are carried out effectively by applying pneumatic pressure.

1.4.4 Rivet Heads
Various forms of rivet heads, used in general engineering works and boiler construction and as
recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards, are shown in Figure. The standard proportions are
also indicated in the figure.

1.4.5 Definitions
Pitch
It is the distance between the centres of the adjacent rivets in the same row. It is denoted by ‘p’
and usually taken as 3d, where dis the rivet diameter.
Margin
It is the distance from the edge of the plate to the centre of the nearest rivet. It is usually taken as
1.5d, where dis the rivet diameter. It is denoted by ‘m’.
Chain Riveting
If the rivets are used along a number of rows such that the rivets in the adjacent rows are placed
directly opposite to each other, it is known as chain riveting
Zig – Zag Riveting
In a multi-row riveting, if the rivets in the adjacent rows are staggered and are placed in between
those of the previous row, it is known as zig-zag riveting.
Row Pitch
It is the distance between two adjacent rows of rivets. It is denoted by ‘pr’ and is given by,
pr= 0.8p, for chain riveting pr = 0.6p, for zig-zag riveting.
Diagonal Pitch
This term is usually associated with zig-zag riveting and is denoted by ‘pd’. It is the distance
between the centre of a rivet in a row to the next rivet in the adjacent row.
1.4.6 Classification of Riveted Joints
Riveted joints may be broadly classified into: structural joints and pressure vessel joints.
Structural steel frames are made by using rolled steel plates and sections of standard shapes.
Boiler joints are used mainly for joining metal sheets used in the construction of boilers, water
tanks and pressure vessels. Boiler joints are classified as: lap joints, butt joints and combination
of lap and butt joints.

1.5 Keys and Keyways
A key is usually made from steel and is inserted between the joint of two parts to prevent relative
movement; it is also inserted between a shaft and a hub in an axial direction, to prevent relative
rotation. A keyway is a recess in a shaft or hub to receive a key, and these recesses are
commonly cut on key-seating machines or by broaching, milling, planning, shaping and slotting.
The Figure shows types of keys and keyways.

1.5.1 Types
Sunk Keys: the key is sunk into the shaft for half its thickness.
Square and rectangular keys may be made with a taper of 1 in 100 along the length of
the key.
A gib head may be added to a key to facilitate removal.
A feather key is attached to either the shaft or the hub, and permits relative axial
movement while at the same time enabling a twisting moment to be transmitted between
shaft and hub or vice versa.
A double-headed feather key is allows a relatively large degree of sliding motion

between shaft and hub. The key is inserted into the bore of the hub, and the assembly is
then fed on to the shaft, thus locking the key in position.
A peg feather key is a peg attached to the key is located in a hole through the hub.
A Woodruff key is a segment of a circular disc and fits into a circular recess in the shaft
which is machined by a Woodruff key way cutter.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
STUDY OF FITS, LIMITS AND TOLERANCING
Aim: To study about fits, limits and tolerancing of parts.
2.1 Introduction
The manufacture of interchangeable parts requires precision. Precision is the degree of accuracy
to ensure the functioning of a part as intended. However, experience shows that it is impossible
to make parts economically to the exact dimensions. This may be due to, (i) inaccuracies of
machines and tools, (ii) inaccuracies in setting the work to the tool, and (iii) error in
measurement, etc. The workman, therefore, has to be given some allowable margin so that he
can produce a part, the dimensions of which will lie between two acceptable limits, a maximum
and a minimum. The system in which a variation is accepted is called the limit system and the
allowable deviations are called tolerances. The relationships between the mating parts are called
fits.
2.1 Limit System
Tolerance: The permissible variation of a size is called tolerance. It is the difference between the
maximum and minimum permissible limits of the given size. If the variation is provided on one
side of the basic size, it is termed as unilateral tolerance. Similarly, if the variation is provided on
both sides of the basic size, it is known as bilateral tolerance.
Limits: The two extreme permissible sizes between which the actual size is contained are called
limits. The maximum size is called the upper limit and the minimum size is called the lower
limit.
Deviation: It is the algebraic difference between a size (actual, maximum, etc.) and the
corresponding basic size.
Actual Deviation: It is the algebraic difference between the actual size and the corresponding
basic size.
Upper Deviation: It is the algebraic difference between the maximum limit of the size and the
Lower Deviation: It is the algebraic difference between the minimum limit of the size and the
Allowance: It is the dimensional difference between the maximum material limits of the mating
parts, intentionally provided to obtain the desired class of fit. If the allowance is positive, it will
result in minimum clearance between the mating parts and if the allowance is negative, it will
result in maximum interference.

Basic size: It is determined solely from design calculations. If the strength and stiffness
requirements need a 50mm diameter shaft, then 50mm is the basic shaft size. If it has to fit into a
hole, then 50 mm is the basic size of the hole.
Design size: It is that size, from which the limits of size are derived by the application of
tolerances. If there is no allowance, the design size is the same as the basic size. If an allowance
of 0.05 mm for clearance is applied, say to a shaft of 50 mm diameter, then its design size is (50
– 0.05) = 49.95 mm. A tolerance is then applied to this dimension.
Actual size: It is the size obtained after manufacture.
2.2 Tolerance
Great care and judgement must be exercised in deciding the tolerances which may be applied on
various dimensions of a component. If tolerances are to be minimum, that is, if the accuracy
requirements are severe, the cost of production increases. In fact, the actual specified tolerances
dictate the method of manufacture. Hence, maximum possible tolerances must be recommended
wherever possible.
2.2.1 Fundamental Tolerances
Tolerance is denoted by two

symbols, a letter symbol and a
number symbol, called the grade.
The fundamental tolerance is a
function of the nominal size and its
unit is given by the empirical
relation, standard tolerance unit, i=
0.45 × ( D)1/ 3 + 0.001 D
where I is in microns and D is the

geometrical mean of the limiting
values of the basic steps mentioned
above, in millimeters. This relation
is valid for grades 5 to 16 and
nominal sizes from 3 to 500 mm.
2.2.2 Fundamental Deviations
The symbols used for the fundamental deviations for the shaft and hole are as follows:
Hole Shaft
Upper deviation (E′cart superior) ES es

Lower deviation (E′cart inferior) EI ei
2.3 Fits:
The relation between two mating parts is known as a fit. Depending upon the actual limits of the
hole or shaft sizes, fits may be classified as clearance fit, transition fit and interference fit.
Clearance: It is a fit that gives a clearance between the two mating parts.
Minimum clearance fit: It is the difference between the minimum size of the hole and the
maximum size of the shaft in a clearance fit.
Maximum clearance fit: It is the difference between the maximum size of the hole and the
minimum size of the shaft in a clearance or transition fit.
Transition fit: This fit may result in either an interference or a clearance, depending upon the
actual values of the tolerance of individual parts.

Interferance fit: If the difference between the hole and shaft sizes is negative before assembly;
an interference fit is obtained.
Minimum Interference fit: It is the magnitude of the difference (negative) between the
maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft in an interference fit before
assembly.
Maximum Interference fit: It is the magnitude of the difference between the minimum size
of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft in an interference or a transition fit before
assembly.
2.3.1 Hole Basis and shaft basis systems
In working out limit dimensions for the three classes of fits; two systems are in use, viz., the hole
basis system and shaft basis system.
Hole Basis System: In this system, the size of the shaft is obtained by subtracting the
allowance from the basic size of the hole. This gives the design size of the shaft. Tolerances
are then applied to each part separately. In this system, the lower deviation of the hole is
zero. The letter symbol for this situation is ‘H’. The hole basis system is preferred in most
cases, since standard tools like drills, reamers, broaches, etc., are used for making a hole.
Shaft Basis System: In this system, the size of the hole is obtained by adding the allowance
to the basic size of the shaft. This gives the design size for the hole. Tolerances are then
applied to each part. In this system, the upper deviation of the shaft is zero. The letter symbol
for this situation is ‘h’. The shaft basis system is preferred by (i) industries using semi-
finished shafting as raw materials, e.g., textile industries, where spindles of same size are
used as cold-finished shafting and (ii) when several parts having different fits but one
nominal size is required on a single shaft.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
2D DRAFTING OF PLUMMER BLOCK BEARING
Aim:
To draft a 2D model of Plummer Block Bearing by using standard CAD software.
Procedure:
1. Set the units to mm.
2. Using LIMITS Command set the limits to 420,297.
3. Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.
4. Draw the part using LINE command and extrude it using REGION, EXTRUDE
commands.
5. Draw the front view, top view and side view using drawing commands.
6. Detail the drawing as per dimensions

Result:
Thus the 2D model of Plummer Block Bearing has been created by using AUTOCAD
Software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
2D DRAFTING OF NON-RETURN VALVE
Aim:
To draft a 2D model of non-return valve by using standard CAD software.
Procedure:
1) Set the units to mm.
2) Using LIMITS Command set the limits to 420, 297.
3) Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.
4) Draw the part using LINE command and extrude it using REGION, EXTRUDE
commands.
5) Draw the front view, top view and side view using drawing commands.
6) Detail the drawing as per dimensions.

Result:
Thus the 2D model of Non Return valve has been created by using AUTOCAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
2D DRAFTING OF SAFETY VALVE
Aim:
To draft a Safety Valve using standard CAD software.
Procedure:
commands.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
2D DRAFTING OF BUSH BEARING
Aim:
To Draft a 2D model of bush bearing using standard CAD software.
Procedure:
commands.

Result:
Thus the 2D model has been created by using AUTOCAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF FLANGED COUPLING
Aim:
To create Part Models of Flanged Coupling and assemble them using any standard 3D
CAD software.
Description:
These are the standard forms of couplings, most extensively used. In a flanged coupling,
flanges are either fitted or provided at the ends of shafts. The flanges are fastened together by
means of a number of bolts and nuts. The number and size of the bolts depend upon the power to
be transmitted and hence, the shaft diameter.
Types are: a) Flanged Coupling with Detachable Flanges, and b) Solid Flanged Coupling.
Commands used:
1) Part diagram:
2) Extrude → Sketch → Sketch to dimension → Ok
3) Hole → Sketch → given dimension → Ok
4) Revolve → Sketch plane → Sketches → Centerlines → Sketch to dimension → Ok
5) Assembly:
6) Assembly → Set default → Assembly according to alignment → fully constrained → Ok

Procedure:
1) Read the part drawings very carefully.
2) Open New document part modeling set the units to mm.
3) Create the parts as per the given detailed drawing using the above commands and save them
with part name.
4) Open Assembly modeling Load the parts one by one into assembly window and
assemble them using assembly commands.
5) Save the assembly model and exit the window.
Result:
The 3D part models of flanged coupling are created and assembled them by using PRO E
CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF UNIVERSAL COUPLING
Aim: To create 3D Part Models of Universal Coupling and assemble them using any standard
3D CAD software
Description:
This is a rigid coupling and is used to connect two shafts, whose axes intersect if
extended. It consists of two forks which are keyed to the shafts. The two forks are pin joined to a
central block, which has two arms at right angle to each other in the form of a cross. The angle
between the shafts may be varied even while the shafts are rotating.
Commands used:
a) Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations,
Show, and View.
b) Features Commands: Extrude (Pad) and Cut, Revolve (Shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer,
Hole - Simple, Pattern.
c) Fastening Features
d) Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
e) Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Universal Coupling are created and assembled by using PRO E
CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF OLDHAM COUPLING
Aim:
To create 3D part models of Oldham coupling and assemble them using any standard
CAD software.
Description:
It is used to connect two parallel shafts whose axes are at a small distance apart. Two
flanges, each having a rectangular slot, are keyed, one on each shaft. The two flanges are
positioned such that, the slot in one is at right angle to the slot in the other. To make the
coupling, a circular disc with two rectangular projections on either side and at right angle to each
other, is placed between the two flanges. During motion, the central disc, while turning, slides in
the slots of the flanges. Power transmission takes place between the shafts, because of the
positive connection between the flanges and the central disc.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Oldham coupling are created and assembled using PRO E CAD
software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF MUFF COUPLING
Aim:
To create 3D part models of Muff coupling and assemble them using any standard CAD
software.
Description:
This is the simplest of all couplings. It consists of a sleeve called muff, generally made of cast
iron, which is fitted over the ends of the shafts to be connected. After properly aligning the
keyways in the shafts and sleeve, a sunk key is driven-in; thus making the coupling. Instead of a
single key running the entire length of the sleeve, it is desirable to use two keys, which may be
inserted from the outer ends of the sleeve; thus overcoming the possible mis-alignment between
the keyways.
Commands used:
Show, and View.
Hole - Simple.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of muff coupling are created and assembled using PRO E CAD
software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF KNUCKLE JOINT
Aim:
To create a 3D model of Knuckle joint with the given details of knuckle joint by using
any standard CAD software.
Description:
This is a pin joint and is used to connect two circular rods subjected to axial loads.
Compared to a socket and spigot joint, wherein the axes of both the rods should be in the same
plane; in the knuckle joint, one of the rods can be swiveled through some angle about the
connecting pin, i.e., the axes of the two rods could be inclined to each other.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Knuckle Joint are created and assembled using PRO E CAD
software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF GIB AND COTTER JOINT
Aim:
To create a 3D model of Gib and cotter joint with the given details of Gib and Cotter joint
using any standard CAD software.
Description:
This joint is generally used to connect two rods of square or rectangular cross-section. To
make the joint, one end of the rod is formed into a U-fork, into which, the end of the other rod
fits in. When a cotter is driven-in, the friction between the cotter and straps of the U-fork, causes
the straps to open. This is prevented by the use of a gib. A gib is also a wedge shaped piece of
rectangular cross-section with two rectangular projections called lugs. One side of the gib is
tapered and the other straight. The tapered side of the gib bears against the tapered side of the
cotter such that, the outer edges of the cotter and gib as a unit are parallel. This facilitates making
of slots with parallel edges, unlike the tapered edges in case of ordinary cotter joint. Further, the
lugs bearing against the outer surfaces of the fork, prevents the opening tendency of the straps.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Gib and Cotter joint are created and assembled them using PRO E
CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF COTTER WITH SOCKET AND SPIGOT JOINT
Aim:
To create a 3D model of cotter with socket and spigot joint with given details using any
standard CAD software.
Description:
This joint is also used to fasten two circular rods. In this, the rod ends are modified
instead of using a sleeve. One end of the rod is formed into a socket and the other into a spigot
and slots are cut. After aligning the socket and spigot ends, a cotter is driven-in through the slots,
forming the joint.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Cotter with socket and spigot joint are created and assembled by
using PRO-E CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF COTTER WITH SLEEVE JOINT
Aim:
To create 3D part models of cotter with sleeve joint and assemble them using any
standard CAD software.
Description:
This is the simplest of all cotter joints, used for fastening two circular rods. To make the
joint, the rods are enlarged at their ends and slots are cut. After keeping the rods butt against each
other, a sleeve with slots is placed over them. After aligning the slots properly, two cotters are
driven-in through the slots, resulting in the joint. The rod ends are enlarged to take care of the
weakening effect caused by the slots. The slots in the rods and sleeve are made slightly wider
than the width of cotter. The relative positions of the slots are such, that when a cotter is driven
into its position, it permits wedging action and pulls the rod into the sleeve.
Commands used:
Show, and View.
b) Features Commands: Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Sweep, and Loft,
Fillet/Round, Chamfer, and Draft, Hole - Simple and Hole Wizard, Hole Series, Scale,
Shell, Rib, Dome, Freeform, Shape, Deform, Indent, Flex, Pattern and Mirror, Curves,
Fastening Features.
c) Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly
d) Mating Commands: Angle, Coincident, Concentric, Distance, Parallel, Perpendicular,
Tangent

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Sleeve and Cotter joint are created and assembled them using
PRO E CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF PISTON
Aim:
To create 3D part models of piston and assemble them using any standard CAD software.
Description:
A piston is cylindrical in form and reciprocates in a cylinder. The petrol engine piston is
generally die cast in aluminium alloy. It is connected to the small end of the connecting rod by
means of a gudgeon pin.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Piston are created and assembled them using PRO E CAD
software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF PETROL ENGINE CONNECTING ROD
Aim:
To create a 3D model of Petrol engine connecting rod with details by using any standard
CAD software.
Description:
It is used in center crank engines. The bearing bush 4 which is in one piece, is fitted at the
small end of the connecting rod 1. The small end of the rod is connected to the piston. The main
bearing bush, which is split into two halves, is placed at the big end of the connecting rod. The
big end of the rod is connected to the crank pin of the center crank. First, the split bearing brasses
3 are placed on the crank pin, then the big end of the connecting rod and the cap 2 are clamped
onto these, by means of two bolts 5 and nuts 6. The bearing brasses are made of gun-metal,
because it has good resistance to corrosion. Oil groove is provided at the centre of the bearing.
The bearing bush is made of phosphor bronze to provide low coefficient of friction. Oil groove is
provided in this bush for lubrication between the pin and bearing.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of Petrol engine connecting rod are created and assembled them
using PRO E CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF CROSSHEAD
Aim:
To create a 3D model of crosshead with given details by using any standard CAD
software.
Description:
Crosshead is used in horizontal steam engines for connecting the piston rod and
connecting rod. It consists of a body or slide block 1, which slides in-between parallel guides in
the frame of the engine. The piston rod end 2 is fitted to the crosshead with the help of bolts 5
and nuts 6 and 7 after placing the brasses 4, and cover plate 3 in position.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
The 3D part models of cross head are created and assembled using PRO E CAD software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF STUFFING BOX
Aim:
To create Part models of stuffing box and assemble them by using any standard CAD
software.
Description:
It is used to prevent loss of fluid such as steam, between sliding or turning parts of
machine elements. In a steam engine, when the piston rod reciprocates through the cylinder
cover; stuffing box provided in the cylinder cover, prevents leakage of steam from the cylinder.
At the base of stuffing box body 1, a bush 3 is placed such that the bevelled edge of the bush is at
the inner side of the body. Gland 2 is placed at the other end of the body and is connected to the
main body by means of studs 4 and nuts 5. The space between the reciprocating rod and the bush
and the gland is packed with a packing material such as mineral fibres, leather, rubber or cork.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the stuffing box are created and assembled them into 3D model using
PRO-E software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF MULTIPLATE FRICTION CLUTCH
Aim:
To create a 3D model of multiplate friction clutch using any standard CAD software.
Description:
In a multiplate friction clutch, a number of discs or plates with frictional surfaces on

either side are located alternately on the driving and driven shafts. By bringing these, close
together by external pressure, power can be transmitted from the driving to the driven shaft.
Multiplate clutches are normally wet type, whereas, single plate clutches are dry. The multiplate
clutch is located on the driving shaft. The pulley/wheel mounted on the shell serves as a driven
member. There is no driven shaft.
The serrations on the internal diameter of the shell 1, receive the alternate friction discs
called the outside plates 3. The shell along with a bush is mounted freely on the driving shaft, has
provision to receive the driven pulley or wheel. A centre boss 5 is keyed onto the driving shaft.
The serrations on the centre boss receive the alternate friction discs called the inside plates 4.
The front cover 2, is fixed to the shell by means of six small set screws 12. The front cover is
able to either slide or rotate freely on the driving shaft with the bush provided. The sliding sleeve
9, rotates freely on the driving shaft and is connected to the front cover through three jaw levers
7, and three L-levers 8. The last outside plate called a stud carrier 6, is provided with the
arrangement to carry three studs 10, which are operated by the sliding sleeve through the L-lever.
The sliding sleeve rotates with the clutch body, i.e., the shell. The sleeve can be moved forward
by an operating lever (not shown) in order to exert pressure on the studs. The plates will then get
pressed together and the drive is completed.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the multi-friction clutch are created and assembled by using PRO-E
software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK
Aim:
To create part models of screw jack and assemble them by using any 3D standard CAD
software.
Description:
Screw jacks are used for raising heavy loads through very small heights. Figure shows
the details of one type of screw jack. In this, the screw 3 works in the nut 2 which is press fitted
into the main body 1. The tommy bar 7 is inserted into a hole through the enlarged head of the
screw and when this is turned, the screw will move up or down, thereby raising or lowering the
load.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the screw jack are created and assembled them into 3D model using
PRO-E software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF MACHINE VICE
Aim:
To create part models of machine vice and assemble them using any standard 3D CAD
software.
Description:
The details of a plain machine vice are shown in Figure. It consists of the base 1 which is
clamped to the machine table using two T-bolts. The sliding block 3 is fixed in the centre slot of
the base by means of the guide screw 4. The movable jaw 2 is fixed to the sliding block with
fourscrews 8 and 7. One of the serrated plates 5 is fixed to the jaw of the base by means of
screws 6 and the other to the movable jaw by the screws 7. One end of the guide screw is fixed to
the base by means of the washer 9 and nut 10 (not shown in figure). The movable jaw is operated
by means of a handle (not shown) which fits onto the square end of the guide screw.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the machine vice are created and assembled them into 3D model using
PRO-E software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF LATHE – TAIL STOCK
Aim:
To create part models of lathe tail stock and assemble them using any standard 3D CAD
software.
Description:
It is a part of a lathe machine and is used to support lengthy jobs. To accommodate works of
different lengths between centres, the tail-stock may be moved on the lathe bed to the required
position and clamped by means of a clamping bolt. Figure shows various parts of a tail-stock.
The barrel 2 is fitted into the bore of the tail-stock body 1 and is prevented from rotation by the
feather key 9 placed underneath of it. The barrel has a threaded portion at its end and the spindle
3 is inserted into the barrel through this. The hand wheel 6 is mounted on the spindle by a key
and is retained in position by a nut. The spindle bearing 5 is placed between the hand wheel and
the tail-stock body. A tapered hole provided at the front end of the barrel, receives the dead
centre 4 or a tapered shank of the drill or reamer. When the hand wheel is operated, the barrel is
made to move in or out of the tail-stock body. In the required position of the barrel, clamping
may be made by means of the clamping lever 7 and stud 8 which is fitted to the tail-stock body.
The spindle bearing is fixed to the body by means of the screws 10.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Mating Commands:
DEPARTMENT Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
OF MECHANICAL Page
Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the screw jack are created and assembled them into 3D model using
PRO-E software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF FOUR JAW CHUCK
Aim:
To create 3D model of four jaw chuck using any standard 3D CAD software.
Description:
Four jaw chuck is a device used to hold jobs accurately on a lathe. Unlike three jaw self-centring
chuck, it can hold both regular and irregular shapes of objects. It consists of a cast iron body 1, in
which is located the screws 3 and the jaws 2 which engage with each other with square threads.
The screws are held in position by the locators 4 which prevent their axial movement as well.
When the screws are operated by means of a chuck key (not shown), the jaws move towards or
away from the centre. Thus, the four jaws can be moved independently to grip the job firmly.
The locators are fixed to the body by means of screws 5. The body of the chuck is fixed to the
back plate by means of four M 18 bolts.
Commands used:
Show, and View.

Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the four jaw chuck are created and assembled them into 3D model using
PRO-E software.

EX. NO.:
DATE:
3D ASSEMBLY OF ROTARY GEAR PUMP
Aim:
To Create 3D part models of Rotary gear pump and assemble them using any Standard
CAD software.
Description:
It is used to supply lubricating oil from the sump to the required places of an internal combustion
engine, under pressure and is positive displacement type. Figure shows the details of a rotary
gear pump. The two gaskets 4 are placed; one on the end cover 3 and the other on the mounting
bracket 1 in position. Two each of bushes 8 are placed on the end cover and mounting bracket to
provide bearing surfaces for the gear shafts. End cover is connected to the pump body 2 after
placing the dowel pins in the body. The shaft with gear 6 is placed in the bottom recess, whereas
the shaft with gear 5 is located in the top recess of the end cover and pump body assembly.
Finally, the mounting bracket is connected to the pump body after locating the dowels in the
pump body. The gland 7 is placed on the mounting bracket, after locating the packing 9 between
the mounting bracket and the shaft with gear 5. The end cover, pump body and the mounting
bracket are connected or fastened, using bolts and nuts (not shown). Similarly, the gland is
fastened to the mounting bracket by using two studs and nuts (not shown). At the end, oil inlet
and outlet connections are made through the mounting bracket.

Commands used:
Show, and View.
Procedure:
with part name.
Result:
Thus the parts of the Rotary gear pump are created and assembled them into 3D model
using PRO-E software.

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PRINCE SHRI VENKATESHWARA PADMAVATHY

PONMAR, CHENNAI – 127

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(SECOND YEAR – 3rd SEMESTER)

ME8381 COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING LABORATORY

Submitted for the Anna university Practical examination held on…………………

Faculty in Charge Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

1.1 BIS Standards

A drawing of a component, in addition to providing complete shape description, must also

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

Figure 1.1 Illustrating Rules 1 - 6

Figure 1.2 Illustrate Rules 7 -11

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

1.3.1 The application of welding symbols to working drawings

1.3.2 Dimensioning of welds

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

1.4 Riveted Joints

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

1.4.3 Caulking or fullering

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

Zig – Zag Riveting

pr= 0.8p, for chain riveting pr = 0.6p, for zig-zag riveting.

1.4.6 Classification of Riveted Joints

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

A gib head may be added to a key to facilitate removal.

A double-headed feather key is allows a relatively large degree of sliding motion

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

Aim: To study about fits, limits and tolerancing of parts.

2.1 Limit System

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

Actual size: It is the size obtained after manufacture.

2.2.1 Fundamental Tolerances

Tolerance is denoted by two

where I is in microns and D is the

2.2.2 Fundamental Deviations

Upper deviation (E′cart superior) ES es

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

2.3.1 Hole Basis and shaft basis systems

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

To draft a 2D model of Plummer Block Bearing by using standard CAD software.

1. Set the units to mm.

2. Using LIMITS Command set the limits to 420,297.

3. Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.

6. Detail the drawing as per dimensions

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

To draft a 2D model of non-return valve by using standard CAD software.

1) Set the units to mm.

2) Using LIMITS Command set the limits to 420, 297.

3) Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.

6) Detail the drawing as per dimensions.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Page

To draft a Safety Valve using standard CAD software.

1) Set the units to mm.

2) Using LIMITS Command set the limits to 420, 297.

3) Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.