ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
Jose Abad Santos Campus
3058 Taft Avenue, Pasay City
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management
EFFECTIVENESS OF FLEXIBLE ON-THE-JOB TRAINING IN HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
by:
Catherine M. Bumacod
David Kyle C. De Jesus
Micah C. Endeno
Noah L. Riveral
Emelyn Kaye L. Salayo
Prof. Mark Andrew M. Zamora,MBM-BA
Adviser
Chapter 1
Introduction
Arellano University was founded in 1938 as a law school by Florentino Cayco,
Sr., the first Filipino Under Secretary of Public Instruction. The University was named
after Caytano Arellano, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. It
operates 7 campuses located throughout Metro Manila. Currently, the University offered
different courses related to law, business, education, liberal arts, I.T, Nursing, Medical
Technology, Tourism, and Hospitality.
The objective of Arellano University is to provide opportunities for freedom of
inquiry and honest research in the field of learning. Also, to promote in the faculty and
students critical thinking and scientific problem-solving through the use of reason, truth,
and knowledge.
The School of Hospitality and Tourism Management offers progressive curricula
in hospitality and tourism management emphasizing operations' total quality
management, strategic management, and technology-based systems. Programs are
implemented with industry integration and outcomes-based technical skills training to
develop the relevant competencies of the students. AUSHTM – Pasay offers: Bachelor
of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) and Bachelor of Science in Tourism
Management (BSTM).
The academic programs are designed to develop students for pro-active
advancement in customer-service oriented and highly-skilled positions in hotels, resorts,
restaurants, bars, casinos, health clubs, cruise ships, convention centers, event planning
companies, country clubs, sports clubs, tour companies, travel agencies, recreation
parks, and other tourism-related establishments. The department also maintains
different linkages with relevant businesses in the hospitality and tourism industry to
provide quality internship programs.
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management program aimed to develop the
required knowledge and skills in the hospitality industry through relevant instructions,
training, and other curricular activities. Students are also equipped with specialized
competencies which are necessary to prepare them for a future career in different areas
of hospitality operations through practical simulations and relevant practicum
experiences.
In the year 2019 when coronavirus made a drastic change in different industry
sectors. Schools, churches, some government agencies, and different businesses were
shut down to avoid the spread of the virus. The Philippine education system was tested
by the situation, implementation of the distance learning program was made to continue
students' education. Different positive and negative effects of virtual and distance
learning were identified in the first few months of the implementation. Universities and
colleges made an adjustment to address different concerns on distance learning,
particularly on skills-based courses.
The researcher decided to pursue the study related to the effectiveness of
flexible on-the-job training to identify if the program design achieves its objectives on the
condition that the students acquired the practical skills and learning needed in the
industry.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
This section deals with the explanation of the theoretical framework,
review of the prior literature and conceptual framework of the study.
In earlier studies, George Posner (1994), a leading researcher in curriculum
design, and Powers & Riegel (1993), leaders in hospitality education, believed
internships add value to students’ total experience and aid in connecting the dots to their
industry. These theories are consistent with current educators who incorporate virtual
internships into their curriculum. Way (2006) posits that the hospitality curriculum could
benefit from a virtual component.
In another study by the Association of American Colleges and Universities
(AAC&U), Hart (2008) reported that “employers believe that completion of a supervised
and evaluated internship or community-based project would be very or fairly effective in
ensuring that recent college graduates possess the skills and knowledge needed for
success at their company”. These theories have sparked an interest in how to
incorporate virtual internship opportunities into the curriculum. In the 2009 Association of
American Colleges and Universities’ (AAC&U) membership survey, “62 percent of
AAC&U member institutions report placing an increased emphasis on internships during
the past five years”. This increase in virtual internships develops student confidence,
builds relationships, and mirrors their real-life experience in the workplace.
The use of on-the-job e-learning, in constant growth in recent decades, is a
relatively new form of providing training to workers (Lim & Kim, 2003 Brewer et al.,
2008). Likewise, most of the scientific community recognizes e-learning as an efficient
and valid strategy (Nisar, 2002). The goal of e-learning is to ensure that technology
contributes effectively to developing the workers’ skills and knowledge and to support
their career progression (Pantazis, 2002 Ong et al. 2004).
A conceptual model of Structured On the Job Training studies based on
integrative literature review will be adopted on the study.
Figure 1
Statement of the Problem
The researchers conduct this study to recognize the training needs and effective
training methods to meet the goal of hospitality industry. Throughout this research the
training system examined and appropriate recommendations for a more effective training
system will be given where is appropriate. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the
training and development programs.
This study were aimed to determine the Effectiveness of Flexible on-the-job
training. The following sub-questions guide this research study:
What factors they considered on choosing their virtual OJT provider?
What are the level of satisfaction of students with their virtual on the job training?
Did flexible on-the-job training prepare the students when they worked in the
hospitality industry?
Did Flexible on the Job Training could replace traditional on the Job Training so
that Hospitality Students can be effective and ready to the professional world?
Hypothesis
This research examines the Effectiveness of Flexible On-The-Job Training in
individual performance, potential effects on employee performance via Online Practicum
Training and analyzes whether these relationships vary according to whether the
arrangement was set up through a formal process or negotiated informally between the
employee and Trainees.
Training is a systematic way to improve the performance of employees, and it
provides a link between job requirements and the current job specification of the
employees. In addition, training requires time, energy, and money. At this juncture, the
organization must look for the need to evaluate training programs and assess their
impact on both the performance and behavior of trainees. This study aimed to explore
the factors affecting the training effectiveness of training programs.
Significance of the Study
The study focused on determining the effectiveness of flexible on-the-job training
in hospitality management students of Arellano University. Moreover, the result of the
study will be beneficial to the following:
Arellano University Management – The result of the study will help the management
improve the things that need to upgrade in flexible on-the-job training.
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management - The result of the study will help the
professor provide an engaging topic and develop a new idea that will give proper
guidance to the students in flexible learning. This study may also increase the
competency level of the students. It will provide awareness and know the importance of
on-the-job training for their future.
Practicum Coordinator – This study will provide details on how to change or improve the
virtual practicum program.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Flexible on-the-job Training in
Hospitality Management Students. The respondents of this study will be the students
taking up Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management of Arellano University
Campuses; Manila, Pasay, Pasig, Mandaluyong and Malabon. The respondents of the
study were composed of second-year and fourth-year students experienced the online
practicum training.
This study will not cover other problems that are not related to the effectiveness
of flexible learning. The study will focus on the students' satisfaction and effectiveness of
flexible on-the-job training. The researchers will be using a descriptive method to
understand the Effectiveness of Flexible on the Job Training in Hospitality Management
Students.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined according to how they are being used in the study:
Flexible Learning - s a principle of practice in formal education, concerned with
increasing flexibility in the requirements, time and location of study, teaching,
assessment and certification.
Training - By conducting training, members are able to acquire and apply the
knowledge, abilities, and skills that match a particular job within an organization.
Effectiveness - capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired
output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected
outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.
(Add other important words used to this study)
