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    Mathematical Induction - Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    kayode oluwarotimi
    The document uses mathematical induction to prove several trigonometric identities. It proves three identities: 1) A summation identity involving sines of odd multiples of an angle θ. 2) A summation identity involving tangents of odd multiples of an angle θ that equals a cotangent expression. 3) A summation identity involving sines of integers from 1 to n that equals a sine expression involving (n+1)θ. The proofs follow the standard form of mathematical induction, showing the base case holds and assuming the identity holds for an integer k to prove it holds for k+1.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mathematical Induction - Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    kayode oluwarotimi
    105 views2 pages
    The document uses mathematical induction to prove several trigonometric identities. It proves three identities: 1) A summation identity involving sines of odd multiples of an angle θ. 2) A summation identity involving tangents of odd multiples of an angle θ that equals a cotangent expression. 3) A summation identity involving sines of integers from 1 to n that equals a sine expression involving (n+1)θ. The proofs follow the standard form of mathematical induction, showing the base case holds and assuming the identity holds for an integer k to prove it holds for k+1.

    Original Description:

    Trigonometry of MathematicaI induction

    Original Title

    MathematicaI Trigonometry

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document uses mathematical induction to prove several trigonometric identities. It proves three identities: 1) A summation identity involving sines of odd multiples of an angle θ. 2) A summation identity involving tangents of odd multiples of an angle θ that equals a cotangent expression. 3) A summation identity involving sines of integers from 1 to n that equals a sine expression involving (n+1)θ. The proofs follow the standard form of mathematical induction, showing the base case holds and assuming the identity holds for an integer k to prove it holds for k+1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views2 pages

    Mathematical Induction - Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    kayode oluwarotimi
    The document uses mathematical induction to prove several trigonometric identities. It proves three identities: 1) A summation identity involving sines of odd multiples of an angle θ. 2) A summation identity involving tangents of odd multiples of an angle θ that equals a cotangent expression. 3) A summation identity involving sines of integers from 1 to n that equals a sine expression involving (n+1)θ. The proofs follow the standard form of mathematical induction, showing the base case holds and assuming the identity holds for an integer k to prove it holds for k+1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Mathematical Induction – Trigonometry

    n
    X 1 − cos 2nθ
    Example P (n) : Sn = sin(2r − 1)θ =
    r=1
    2 sin θ
    1
    X 1 − cos 2θ 1 − 1 + 2 sin2 θ
    P (1) : LHS = sin(2r − 1)θ = sin θ , RHS = = = sin θ
    r=1
    2 sin θ 2 sin θ
    LHS = RHS , ∴ P (1) is true.
    k
    X 1 − cos 2kθ
    If P (k) is true up to some integer k ≥ 1 , then Sk = sin(2r − 1)θ =
    r=1
    2 sin θ
    k+1
    X k
    X
    P (k + 1) : Sk+1 = sin(2r − 1)θ = sin(2r − 1)θ + sin[2(k + 1) − 1]θ
    r=1 r=1
    1 − cos 2kθ 1 − cos 2kθ + 2 sin θ sin(2kθ + θ)
    = + sin(2k + 1)θ =
    2 sin θ 2 sin θ
    1 − cos 2kθ − cos(2kθ + 2θ) + cos 2kθ 1 − cos[(2(k + 1)θ]
    = =
    2 sin θ 2 sin θ
    ∴ By the PMI, P (n) is true for n ∈ +Z.

    n
    X
    Example P (n) : Sn = 2r−1 tan(2r−1 θ) = cot θ − 2n cot(2n θ) for n ∈ +Z.
    r=1
    1
    X
    P (1) : LHS = 2r−1 tan(2r−1 θ) = tan θ ,
    r=1
    cos θ 2 · cos(2 θ) cos2 θ 6 2 · (1 − 2 sin2 θ)
    RHS = cot θ − 2 cot(2 θ) = − = −
    sin θ sin(2 θ) sin θ cos θ 6 2 sin θ cos θ
    cos2 θ − (1 − 2 sin2 θ) 2 sin2 θ − (1 − cos2 θ) sin2 θ sin θ
    = = = = = tan θ ,
    sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ cos θ
    LHS = RHS , ∴ P (1) is true.
    k
    X
    If P (k) is true up to some integer k ≥ 1 , then Sk = 2r−1 tan(2r−1 θ) = cot θ − 2k cot(2k θ)
    r=1
    k+1
    X k
    X
    P (k + 1) : Sk+1 = 2r−1 tan(2r−1 θ) = 2r−1 tan(2r−1 θ) + 2(k+1)−1 tan(2(k+1)−1 θ)
    r=1 r=1
    = cot θ − 2 cot(2 θ) + 2 tan(2 θ) = cot θ − 2k [cot(2k θ) − tan(2k θ)]
    k k k k

    1 − tan2 (2k θ) 1 − tan2 (2k θ)


    = cot θ − 2k · k
    = cot θ − 2k+1 ·
    tan(2 θ) 2 tan(2k θ)
    1
    = cot θ − 2k+1 · = cot θ − 2k+1 cot(2k+1 θ)
    tan(2 · 2k θ)
    ∴ By the PMI, P (n) is true for n ∈ +Z.

    1
    n (n+1)θ
    X sin nθ
    2 sin 2
    Example P (n) : Sn = sin rθ = for n ∈ +Z.
    r=1
    sin θ2
    1
    X
    P (1) : LHS = sin rθ = sin θ ,
    r=1

    sin θ2 sin (1+1)θ


    2
    RHS = = sin θ ,
    sin θ2
    LHS = RHS , ∴ P (1) is true.
    k (k+1)θ
    X sin kθ
    2 sin 2
    If P (k) is true up to some integer k ≥ 1 , then Sk = sin rθ =
    r=1
    sin θ2
    k+1
    X k
    X
    P (k + 1) : Sk+1 = sin rθ = sin rθ + sin(k + 1)θ
    r=1 r=1
    kθ (k+1)θ
    sin 2 sin 2
    = + sin(k + 1)θ
    sin θ2
     
    1 kθ (k + 1)θ θ
    = sin sin + sin sin(k + 1)θ
    sin θ2 2 2 2
        
    1 1 (2k + 1)θ θ 1 (2k + 3)θ (2k + 1)θ
    = − cos − cos − cos − cos
    sin θ2 2 2 2 2 2 2
      
    1 1 θ (2k + 3)θ
    = θ
    cos − cos
    sin 2 2 2 2
      
    1 1 (k + 2)θ (k + 1)θ
    = · 2 sin sin
    sin θ2 2 2 2
    sin (k+1)θ
    2 sin [(k+1)+1]θ
    2
    =
    sin θ2
    ∴ By the PMI, P (n) is true for n ∈ +Z.

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