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After Image

The document discusses after images, which are optical illusions where an image continues to appear after exposure to the original image ends. It describes physiological afterimages as a normal phenomenon, and pathological afterimages as exaggerated. The document also discusses the opponent-process theory of color vision and how it explains complementary afterimages.

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Crystal Twinkle
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
279 views

After Image

The document discusses after images, which are optical illusions where an image continues to appear after exposure to the original image ends. It describes physiological afterimages as a normal phenomenon, and pathological afterimages as exaggerated. The document also discusses the opponent-process theory of color vision and how it explains complementary afterimages.

Uploaded by

Crystal Twinkle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AFTER

IMAGE
WHAT IS AN AFTER IMAGE ?

• An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in the eyes


after a period of exposure to the original image. An afterimage
may be a normal phenomenon (physiological afterimage) or may
be pathological (palinopsia).

• Illusory palinopsia may be a pathological exaggeration of


physiological afterimages. Afterimages occur because
photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes
are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.
IF A YOU STARE AT THIS IMAGE FOR 5–60 SECONDS AND THEN
LOOKS AT A WHITE OBJECT, A NEGATIVE AFTERIMAGE WILL
APPEAR (IN THIS CASE CYAN ON MAGENTA). THIS CAN ALSO BE
ACHIEVED BY THE VIEWER CLOSING THEIR EYES AND TILTING
THEIR HEAD UP.
WHO DISCOVERED AFTER IMAGES?

The people who discovered the afterimage are De Valois,


Jacobs, and Hurvich. They discovered it by using the
opponent-process theory. An afterimage or
ghost image or image burn-in is an optical illusion that
refers to an image continuing to appear in one's
vision after the exposure to the original image has ceased.
WHAT IS OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY?

Complementary afterimages are better explained by the opponent-


process theory. Developed by Ewald Hering(1920/1964), the opponent-
process theory states that the cone photoreceptors are linked together to form
three opposing colour pairs : b l u e / y e l l ow, r e d / g r e e n , a n d
black/white.
WHAT CAUSES AN AFTER IMAGE?
Afterimages are caused when the eye's photoreceptors, primarily
known as rods and cones, adapt to overstimulation and lose
sensitivity.
... Normally, the overstimulating image is moved to a fresh
area of the retina with small eye movements known as micro
saccades.
WHY DO WE GET AFTER IMAGES?

The exact mechanisms behind afterimages are not well understood,


although it is belived that the phenomenon might be related to retinal
inertia. The original image stimulates nerve impulses, and these
impulses continue for a small window of time after you close your eyes
or look away from scene
HOW LONG DOES AN AFTER IMAGE LASTS?

The afterimage may remain for 30 seconds or longer. The


apparent size of the afterimage depends not only on the
size of the image on your retina but also on how far away
you perceive the image to be.
After some time they vanish.
WHY DO WE SEE GREEN AFTER STARING AT RED
FOR LONG TIME?

When we look at something red for a long time, the cells in our eye
adjust by becoming less sensitive to red. Now,
when we suddenly look away from the red, our green and blue cells
are more sensitive than our red cells and we end up seeing a
greenish-blue spot.
WHAT IS AN AFTER IMAGE EFFECT?

Afterimage, visual illusion in which retinal impressions persist after


the removal of a stimulus, believed to be caused by the continued
activation of the visual system.
... A common afterimage is the spot of light one sees after a
camera flash has been fired.
WHAT AFFECT THE APPEARANCE OF AN
AFTERIMAGE?

S-cones respond to the color blue, L-cones respond to the color red,
and M-cones respond to the color green.
... If a flash from a camera goes off, then a blue-yellow shape of
the flash appears. When a person looks at a green object for a
long period of time then turns away they will see red.
WHAT DOES AN AFTER IMAGE REVEAL ABOUT HOW
COLOR PERCEPTION WORKS?

An after image reveals that color contrast shown how the spatial
relations between colors can influence color appearance. What you
saw before has an influence on what you see now.

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